Commentary/Tests: Describe PARAMNODEFAULT as top.

Fixes #7441.

.bake.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: mbake configuration file
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+
+[formatter]
+# Indentation settings
+use_tabs = true
+tab_width = 2
+
+# Spacing settings
+space_around_assignment = true
+space_before_colon = false
+space_after_colon = true
+
+# Line continuation settings
+normalize_line_continuations = true
+max_line_length = 100
+
+# PHONY settings
+group_phony_declarations = false
+phony_at_top = false
+auto_insert_phony_declarations = false
+
+# General settings
+remove_trailing_whitespace = true
+ensure_final_newline = true
+normalize_empty_lines = true
+max_consecutive_empty_lines = 2
+
+# Global settings
+debug = false
+verbose = false

.clang-tidy

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*'
+Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*,-boost-use-ranges'
 WarningsAsErrors: ''
 HeaderFilterRegex: ''
 FormatStyle:     none

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020-2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, ideally in test_regress format.)
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, ideally in test_regress format.)
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''
 
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      everything:
+        patterns: ["*"]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: build-test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
+
+jobs:
+
+  build-2404-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2404-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
+
+  build-2204-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2204-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
+
+  test-2404-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2404-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 clang
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 clang, also test relocation
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  lint-py:
+    name: Lint Python
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: build
-
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
-
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
-  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-
-  build:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
-        compiler:
-          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
-        include:
-          # Build GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
-    steps:
-
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  test:
-    needs: build
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
-        compiler:
-          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
-        reloc: [0]
-        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1]
-        include:
-          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04, also test relocation
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 only on GCC; not passing on clang yet
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-1}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CI_RELOC: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-${{ matrix.reloc }}-${{ matrix.suite }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
-    steps:
-
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
-
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-  lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 jobs:
   Test:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -2,91 +2,213 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
 
-  Build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1
 
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
         num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v6
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov || \
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -22,11 +22,14 @@ on:
         type: boolean
         default: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
 
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -61,26 +64,26 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}
           build-args: SOURCE_COMMIT=${{ env.git_tag }}
           platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
-          push: ${{ !env.ACT && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+          push: ${{ !env.ACT && (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') }}
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -5,37 +5,43 @@
 name: format
 on:
   push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
   format:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Ubuntu 22.04 | format
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    name: Ubuntu 24.04 | format
     env:
       CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
       CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install packages for build
         env:
           CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
         run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-14 yapf3 &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18 || \
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
           git config --global user.name "github action"
       - name: Format code
         run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-14 &&
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+          make venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
           git status
       - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
             git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
             git push origin

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip

.github/workflows/no-pulls.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+# Block PRs against stable branch
+name: "Check PR not against 'stable'"
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [stable]
+
+jobs:
+  block-pr:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Fail and block PR
+        run: |-
+          echo "Error: Pull requests directly to 'stable' are not allowed. Please PR against 'master'."
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows"]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-build
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
+  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+    env:
+      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
+      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
+
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Install python dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install python3-clang || \
+          sudo apt install python3-clang
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-rtlmeter-build
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
+    name: Build
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev
+
+      - name: Use saved ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ccache
+          key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+          fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
+
+      - name: Configure
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --prefix=${{ github.workspace }}/install CXX=${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+
+      - name: Make
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: make -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Install
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: make install
+
+      - name: Tar up installation
+        run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
+
+      - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
+          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+          overwrite: true

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: "Unique identifier for storing results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      # Note: The combination of 'cases' and 'run-name' must be unique for all
+      # invocations of this workflow within a run of the parent workflow.
+      # These two are used together to generate a unique results file name.
+      cases:
+        description: "RTLMeter cases to run"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      run-name:
+        description: "Run name (identifier) to add to collated results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      compileArgs:
+        description: "Additional Verilator command line arguments"
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+      executeArgs:
+        description: "Additional simulator command line arguments"
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
+  CCACHE_DISABLE: 1
+
+jobs:
+  run:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
+    name: Run
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev
+
+      - name: Download Verilator installation archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+
+      - name: Unpack Verilator installation archive
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
+          echo "${{ github.workspace }}/install/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Use saved ccache
+        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
+
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+
+      - name: Compile cases
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
+
+      - name: Execute cases
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
+
+      - name: Collate results
+        id: results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          # Use 'inputs.cases' and 'inputs.run-name' to generate a unique file name
+          hash=$(md5sum <<< '${{ inputs.cases }} ${{ inputs.run-name }}' | awk '{print $1}')
+          echo "hash=${hash}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          ./rtlmeter collate --runName "${{ inputs.run-name }}"  > ../results-${hash}.json
+
+      - name: Report results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+
+      - name: Upload results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 2
+
+      - name: Report status
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-test
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      cc:  # gcc or clang
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      reloc:  # 0 or 1
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
+  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    name: Test
+    env:
+      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
+      CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
+      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
+    steps:
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-install.bash
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "Click on '> Tests' arrow above (or on other steps), to expand it, and see the failure reasons"
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
+  push:
+    branches: ['ci-rtlmeter/**']
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
+
+jobs:
+  start:
+    name: Start
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an RTLMeter run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'push')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Startup
+        run: echo
+
+  build-gcc:
+    name: Build GCC
+    needs: start
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
+    with:
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+
+  build-clang:
+    name: Build Clang
+    needs: start
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
+    with:
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: clang
+
+  run-gcc:
+    name: Run GCC | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc"
+      compileArgs: ""
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
+          - "NVDLA:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
+          - "OpenTitan:*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
+          - "Vortex:mini:*"
+          - "Vortex:sane:*"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
+          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+
+  run-clang:
+    name: Run Clang | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: clang
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: clang
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "clang --threads 4"
+      compileArgs: "--threads 4"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
+          - "NVDLA:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
+          - "OpenTitan:*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
+          - "Vortex:mini:*"
+          - "Vortex:sane:*"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
+          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+
+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
+  combine-results:
+    name: Combine results
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
+    # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
+    # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
+    if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download all results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Combine results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+      - name: Upload combined results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+          name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 30
+
+  publish-scheduled-results:
+    name: Publish results to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+    needs: combine-results
+    # Only run on scheduled builds on the main repository. We also restrict
+    # the publishing to run only on the first run_attempt. This is required
+    # to prevent multiple uploads the same day (if rerunning), as the
+    # dashboard UI currently assumes there is only one data point per
+    # calendar day. Results from reruns can be imported manually if needed.
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Upload published results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: results/*.json
+          name: published-results
+      # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+          permission-contents: write
+      - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
+          token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          path: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+      - name: Import results
+        id: import-results
+        working-directory: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        run: |
+          for f in $(find ../results -name "*.json"); do \
+            echo "Importing $f"; \
+            ./bin/add-rtlmeter-result $f; \
+          done
+          test -z "$(git status --porcelain)" || echo "valid=1" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Push to verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        if: ${{ steps.import-results.outputs.valid }}
+        working-directory: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
+          git config --global user.name "github action"
+          git add .
+          git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
+          git push origin
+
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: publish-scheduled-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "RTLMeter run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history

Artistic

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-Artistic License 2.0
-
-Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
-license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-Preamble
-********
-
-This license establishes the terms under which a given free software
-Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed.  The
-intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over
-the development of that Package while still keeping the Package
-available as open source and free software.
-
-You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this
-license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the
-terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to
-make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a
-different licensing arrangement.
-
-Definitions
-***********
-
-"Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in
-the copyright notice for the entire Package.
-
-"Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other
-material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's
-procedures.
-
-"You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or
-modify the Package.
-
-"Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
-Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files.  A
-given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified
-Version.
-
-"Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it
-accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization,
-to others outside of your company or organization.
-
-"Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this
-Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does
-not mean licensing fees.
-
-"Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or
-has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright
-Holder.
-
-"Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such
-changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
-
-"Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
-Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be
-modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
-
-"Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and
-configuration files for the Package.
-
-"Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any
-other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of
-the Source form.
-
-Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
-********************************************************
-
-(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use
-Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you
-do not Distribute the Modified Version.
-
-Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
-******************************************************
-
-(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the
-Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction,
-either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all
-of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your
-discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form
-of the Package.
-
-(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other
-modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting
-Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will
-be subject to the Original License.
-
-Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
-**********************************************************
-
-(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or
-for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the
-Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from
-the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any
-non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do
-at least ONE of the following:
-
-(a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the
-Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright
-Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
-
-(b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent
-the user installing or running the Standard Version.  In addition, the
-Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the
-Standard Version.
-
-(c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the
-Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
-
-(i) the Original License or
-
-(ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and
-redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that
-apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the
-Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it,
-be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but
-Distributor Fees are allowed.
-
-Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified
-******************************************************************
-Versions without the Source
-***************************
-
-(5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without
-the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to
-get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid
-at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time
-while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must
-provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution.  If
-you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days
-after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do
-not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
-
-(6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the
-Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the
-Source of the Modified Version.
-
-Aggregating or Linking the Package
-**********************************
-
-(7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or
-Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting
-aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the
-Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other
-components in the aggregation are permitted.  The terms of this license
-apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions
-as included in the aggregation.
-
-(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other
-works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build
-stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the
-Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the
-result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
-
-Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
-********************************************************
-
-(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that
-merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause
-the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not
-considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms
-of this license.
-
-General Provisions
-******************
-
-(10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
-Versions is governed by this Artistic License.  By using, modifying or
-distributing the Package, you accept this license.  Do not use, modify,
-or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
-
-(11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version
-made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure
-that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this
-license.
-
-(12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark,
-service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
-
-(13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
-patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
-otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
-licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
-Package.  If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
-counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
-direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License
-to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
-
-(14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES.  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT
-PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW.  UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
     family-names: Wasson
   - given-names: Duane
     family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
   - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
   The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
   description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
   traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2025 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.032
+    VERSION 5.047
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
 
 # Set default build type to Release if not specified
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
-  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
 endif()
 
 option(
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
     if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
     endif()
     if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
         message(
@@ -134,10 +139,7 @@ configure_package_config_file(
     INSTALL_DESTINATION .
 )
 
-install(
-    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake
-    DESTINATION .
-)
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake DESTINATION .)
 
 configure_package_config_file(
     verilator-config-version.cmake.in

LICENSE

@@ -1,165 +1,304 @@
-                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
 
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
 
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
-the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
-License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
 
-  0. Additional Definitions.
+0. Additional Definitions.
 
-  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
-General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
-General Public License.
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
 
-  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
-other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
 
-  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
-by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
-Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
-of using an interface provided by the Library.
+An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
 
-  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
-Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
-with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
-Version".
+A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
 
-  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
-Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
-for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
-based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
 
-  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
-object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
-and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
-Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
 
-  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
 
-  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
-without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
 
-  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+     a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
 
-  If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
-facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
-that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
-facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
-version:
+     b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.
 
-   a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
-   ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
-   function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
-   whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
+3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
 
-   b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
-   this License applicable to that copy.
+     a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
 
-  3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+     b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
 
-  The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
-a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object
-code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
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+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/Apache-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Apache License
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
+
+"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
+
+"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
+
+     (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+     (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
+
+     (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
+
+     (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
+
+     You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
+
+Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

LICENSES/Artistic-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+The Artistic License 2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Preamble
+
+This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over the development of that Package while still keeping the Package available as open source and free software.
+
+You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a different licensing arrangement.
+
+Definitions
+
+     "Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in the copyright notice for the entire Package.
+
+     "Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's procedures.
+
+     "You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or modify the Package.
+
+     "Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified Version.
+
+     "Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization, to others outside of your company or organization.
+
+     "Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does not mean licensing fees.
+
+     "Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
+
+     "Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and configuration files for the Package.
+
+     "Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of the Source form.
+
+Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
+
+(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you do not Distribute the Modified Version.
+
+Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
+
+(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction, either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form of the Package.
+
+(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will be subject to the Original License.
+
+Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
+
+(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+     (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
+     (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent the user installing or running the Standard Version. In addition, the Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the Standard Version.
+     (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
+
+          (i) the Original License or
+          (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.
+
+Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified Versions without the Source
+
+(5)  You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution. If you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
+
+(6)  You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the Source of the Modified Version.
+
+Aggregating or Linking the Package
+
+(7)  You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other components in the aggregation are permitted. The terms of this license apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions as included in the aggregation.
+
+(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
+
+Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
+
+(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms of this license.
+
+General Provisions
+
+(10)  Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
+
+(11)  If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.
+
+(12)  This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
+
+(13)  This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
+
+(14)  Disclaimer of Warranty:
+THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/BSD-2-Clause.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/BSD-3-Clause.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/CC0-1.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
+
+CC0 1.0 Universal
+
+    CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE
+    LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN
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+    REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS
+    PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
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+    HEREUNDER.
+
+Statement of Purpose
+
+The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer
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+
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+
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LICENSES/ISC.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ISC License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2004-2010 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Internet Software Consortium
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
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LICENSES/LGPL-3.0-only.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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+
+1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
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+The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
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+GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-Altera-No-Warranty.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+This Verilog file was developed by Altera Corporation.  It may be
+freely copied and/or distributed at no cost.  Any persons using this
+file for any purpose do so at their own risk, and are responsible for
+the results of such use.  Altera Corporation does not guarantee that
+this file is complete, correct, or fit for any particular purpose.
+NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.  This notice must
+accompany any copy of this file.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-IEEE-1800.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+This license is used on IEEE files where there is a permitted use of
+standards, including copying strictly necessary to implement normative
+interfaces defined by the standard. Refer to IEEE SA Operations Manual
+Clause 6.1 and IEEE Standards Permission policies.
+
+--
+
+Copyright 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+IEEE, 802, and POSIX are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent &
+Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Incorporated.
+
+IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and
+international copyright laws.  They are made available by IEEE and are
+adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include
+both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private
+self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering
+practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and
+adoption by public authorities and private users, neither IEEE nor its
+licensors waive any rights in copyright to the documents.

LICENSES/MIT.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

LICENSES/Unlicense.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

Makefile.in

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -104,45 +105,45 @@ PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
 SHELL = /bin/sh
 
 SUBDIRS = docs src test_regress \
-	examples/cmake_hello_c \
-	examples/cmake_hello_sc \
-	examples/cmake_tracing_c \
-	examples/cmake_tracing_sc \
-	examples/cmake_protect_lib \
-	examples/make_hello_binary \
-	examples/make_hello_c \
-	examples/make_hello_sc \
-	examples/make_tracing_c \
-	examples/make_tracing_sc \
-	examples/make_protect_lib \
-	examples/json_py \
+  examples/cmake_hello_c \
+  examples/cmake_hello_sc \
+  examples/cmake_tracing_c \
+  examples/cmake_tracing_sc \
+  examples/cmake_protect_lib \
+  examples/make_hello_binary \
+  examples/make_hello_c \
+  examples/make_hello_sc \
+  examples/make_tracing_c \
+  examples/make_tracing_sc \
+  examples/make_protect_lib \
+  examples/json_py \
 
 INFOS = verilator.html verilator.pdf
 
 INFOS_OLD = README README.html README.pdf
 
 EXAMPLES_FIRST = \
-	examples/make_hello_c \
-	examples/make_hello_sc \
+  examples/make_hello_c \
+  examples/make_hello_sc \
 
 EXAMPLES = $(EXAMPLES_FIRST) $(filter-out $(EXAMPLES_FIRST), $(sort $(wildcard examples/*)))
 
 # See uninstall also - don't put wildcards in this variable, it might uninstall other stuff
 # No verilator_ccache_report.1, verilator_difftree.1 as those are not bin/ installed
 VL_INST_MAN_FILES = \
-	verilator.1 \
-	verilator_coverage.1 \
-	verilator_gantt.1 \
-	verilator_profcfunc.1 \
+  verilator.1 \
+  verilator_coverage.1 \
+  verilator_gantt.1 \
+  verilator_profcfunc.1 \
 
 default: all
 all: all_nomsg msg_test
 all_nomsg: verilator_exe $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
-.PHONY:verilator_exe
-.PHONY:verilator_bin$(EXEEXT)
-.PHONY:verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
-.PHONY:verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_exe
+.PHONY: verilator_bin$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
 verilator_exe verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT):
 	@echo ------------------------------------------------------------
 	@echo "making verilator in src"
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ verilator_exe verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) verilator_covera
 ######################################################################
 # Tests
 
-.PHONY:msg_test
+.PHONY: msg_test
 msg_test: all_nomsg
 	@echo "Build complete!"
 	@echo
@@ -185,14 +186,14 @@ test-snap test-diff:
 
 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
 ######################################################################
 # Docs
 
 .PHONY: docs
-docs: info
+docs: info $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
 info: $(INFOS)
 
@@ -201,7 +202,8 @@ verilator.1: ${srcdir}/bin/verilator
 verilator_coverage.1: ${srcdir}/bin/verilator_coverage
 	pod2man $< $@
 %.1: ${srcdir}/bin/%
-	help2man --no-info --no-discard-stderr --version-string=- $< -o $@
+	help2man --no-info --no-discard-stderr --version-string=- \
+		-n "$(shell $< --help | head -n 3 | tail -n 1)" $< -o $@
 
 .PHONY: verilator.html
 verilator.html:
@@ -212,8 +214,8 @@ verilator.html:
 verilator.pdf: Makefile
 	$(MAKE) -C docs verilator.pdf
 
-TAGFILES=${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
-	${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
+TAGFILES = ${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
+  ${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
 
 TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
 	etags $(TAGFILES)
@@ -223,42 +225,49 @@ TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
 doxygen:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs doxygen
 
+.PHONY: spelling
+spelling:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs spelling
+
 ######################################################################
 # Install
 
 # Public executables intended to be invoked directly by the user
 # Don't put wildcards in these variables, it might cause an uninstall of other stuff
-VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES = verilator \
-                              verilator_coverage \
-                              verilator_gantt \
-                              verilator_profcfunc \
+VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES = \
+  verilator \
+  verilator_coverage \
+  verilator_gantt \
+  verilator_profcfunc \
 
-VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES = verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) \
-                           verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
-                           verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
+VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES = \
+  verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) \
+  verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
+  verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
 
 # Private executabels intended to be invoked by internals
 # Don't put wildcards in these variables, it might cause an uninstall of other stuff
-VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES = verilator_ccache_report \
-                               verilator_includer \
+VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES = \
+  verilator_ccache_report \
+  verilator_includer \
 
 VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES = \
-	include/verilated_config.h \
-	include/verilated.mk \
+  include/verilated_config.h \
+  include/verilated.mk \
 
 # Files under srcdir, instead of build time
 VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES = \
-	include/*.[chv]* \
-	include/*.vlt \
-	include/*.sv \
-	include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
-	include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
+  include/*.[chv]* \
+  include/*.vlt \
+  include/*.sv \
+  include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
+  include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
 
 VL_INST_DATA_SRCDIR_FILES = \
-	examples/*/*.[chv]* \
-	examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
-	examples/*/Makefile* \
-	examples/*/vl_* \
+  examples/*/*.[chv]* \
+  examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
+  examples/*/Makefile* \
+  examples/*/vl_* \
 
 mkbindirs:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin
@@ -267,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -275,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -289,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -298,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -384,55 +393,60 @@ install-msg:
 ######################################################################
 # Format/Lint
 
-# Use --xml flag to see the cppcheck code to use for suppression
-CPPCHECK1_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK2_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK3_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK4_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[A-D]*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK5_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[E-I]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK6_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[P-Z]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK7_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[L-R]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK8_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[S-Z]*.cpp)
-CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK1_CPP) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP) \
-	$(CPPCHECK5_CPP) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
-CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
-	$(srcdir)/include/*.h \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.h )
+CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
+CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+CHECK_H = $(filter-out \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_package.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_rev.h, \
+  $(wildcard \
+  $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.h ))
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.y \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.l )
-CPPCHECK = src/cppcheck_filtered cppcheck
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all --inline-suppr \
-	--suppress=cstyleCast --suppress=useInitializationList \
-	--suppress=nullPointer --suppress=nullPointerRedundantCheck --suppress=ctunullpointer \
-	--suppress=unusedFunction --suppress=unusedScopedObject \
-	--suppress=useStlAlgorithm
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --xml
-CPPCHECK_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cppcheck,$(CHECK_CPP))
-CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
+CPPCHECK = cppcheck
+CPPCHECK_JOBS = $(shell nproc)
+CPPCHECK_CACHE = $(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg/cppcheck-cache
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --inline-suppr
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --suppressions-list=$(srcdir)/src/cppcheck-suppressions.txt
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --cppcheck-build-dir=$(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 -DINFILTER_PIPE=1 -D__GNUC__=1
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -j$(CPPCHECK_JOBS)
+CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src
 
-cppcheck: cppcheck-1 cppcheck-2 cppcheck-3 cppcheck-4 cppcheck-5 cppcheck-6 cppcheck-7 cppcheck-8
-cppcheck-1:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK1_CPP)
-cppcheck-2:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP)
-cppcheck-3:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP)
-cppcheck-4:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP)
-cppcheck-5:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK5_CPP)
-cppcheck-6:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP)
-cppcheck-7:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP)
-cppcheck-8:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+$(CPPCHECK_CACHE): $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL)
+	/bin/rm -rf $@
+	/bin/mkdir -p $@
+
+cppcheck-verilator: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP)
+cppcheck-runtime: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP)
+cppcheck-vlc: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP)
+cppcheck-examples: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+
+cppcheck:
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-vlc
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-examples
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-runtime
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-verilator
 
 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
-	-header-filter='.*' \
-	-checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+  -header-filter='.*' \
+  -checks='*,-abseil-*,-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+
+# Good checks: -checks='-*,bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition,google-build-using-namespace,google-readability-casting,modernize-use-default-member-init,modernize-use-emplace,modernize-use-equals-default,modernize-use-equals-delete,modernize-use-nullptr,performance-faster-string-find,readability-isolate-declaration,readability-redundant-control-flow,readability-redundant-member-init,readability-redundant-string-cstr,readability-uppercase-literal-suffix
 
 CLANGTIDY_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cpp.tidy,$(CHECK_CPP))
 CLANGTIDY_DEFS = -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1
@@ -451,81 +465,150 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 4 format-c format-py format-exec
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \
 
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-14
+# CMake files
+CMAKE_FILES = \
+  CMakeLists.txt \
+  examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
+  src/CMakeLists.txt \
+  test_regress/CMakeLists.txt \
+  *.cmake.in \
+
+# Makefiles
+MAKE_FILES = \
+  Makefile*.in \
+  docs/Makefile* \
+  include/verilated.mk.in \
+  examples/*/Makefile* \
+  src/Makefile*.in \
+  test_regress/Makefile* \
+
+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
+# Python programs, subject to format and lint
+PY_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/verilator_ccache_report \
+  bin/verilator_difftree \
+  bin/verilator_gantt \
+  bin/verilator_includer \
+  bin/verilator_profcfunc \
+  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
+  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
+  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
+  nodist/dot_importer \
+  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
+  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
+  nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
+  nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_bisect \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
+  src/astgen \
+  src/bisonpre \
+  src/config_rev \
+  src/flexfix \
+  src/vlcovgen \
+  test_regress/*.py \
+  test_regress/t/*.pf \
+
+# Python files, subject to format but not lint
+PY_FILES = \
+  $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
+  test_regress/t/*.py \
+
+# Python files, test_regress tests
+PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py
+
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \
+
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
 CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
 CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
 
 format-c clang-format:
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | egrep 14.0 > /dev/null \
-		|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-14, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
 	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
 
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
 
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
 
-# CMake files
-CMAKE_FILES = \
-	CMakeLists.txt \
-	examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
-	src/CMakeLists.txt \
-	test_regress/CMakeLists.txt \
-	*.cmake.in \
+MBAKE = mbake
+MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
 
-# Python programs, subject to format and lint
-PY_PROGRAMS = \
-	bin/verilator_ccache_report \
-	bin/verilator_difftree \
-	bin/verilator_gantt \
-	bin/verilator_includer \
-	bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-	examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-	examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-	docs/guide/conf.py \
-	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
-	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
-	src/astgen \
-	src/bisonpre \
-	src/config_rev \
-	src/cppcheck_filtered \
-	src/flexfix \
-	src/vlcovgen \
-	src/.gdbinit.py \
-	test_regress/*.py \
-	test_regress/t/*.pf \
-	nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-	nodist/code_coverage \
-	nodist/dot_importer \
-	nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
-	nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
-	nodist/install_test \
-	nodist/log_changes \
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/t_*.py
+	-chmod a-x test_regress/t/*.v
 
-# Python files, subject to format but not lint
-PY_FILES = \
-	$(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-	nodist/code_coverage.dat \
-	test_regress/t/*.py \
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
+	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
 
-# Python files, test_regress tests
-PY_TEST_FILES = \
-	test_regress/t/*.py \
-
-YAPF = yapf3
+YAPF = yapf
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
+	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
-GERSEMI = gersemi
-GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
 
-format-cmake:
-	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
+
+######################################################################
+# Lint
+
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
 
 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
@@ -536,7 +619,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -547,9 +639,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure
 
@@ -572,6 +661,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean
 
@@ -582,8 +814,8 @@ maintainer-clean::
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -594,13 +826,15 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.tex
 	rm -rf examples/*/obj_dir* examples/*/logs
 	rm -rf test_*/obj_dir
+	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
+	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -625,3 +859,21 @@ preexist:
 
 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies, with explicit retry
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt || \
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"

README.rst

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 .. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
 .. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge6| |badge7|
+|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 .. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
 .. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
 .. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
 .. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
-.. |badge6| image:: https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/fa78caa433c84a4ab9049c43e9debc6f
-    :target: https://www.codacy.com/gh/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+.. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
 
 
 Welcome to Verilator
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
         * Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
         * Performs lint code-quality checks
         * Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
-        * Creates XML to front-end your own tools
+        * Creates JSON to front-end your own tools
      - |Logo|
    * - |verilator multithreaded performance|
      - **Fast**
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
    * - **Widely Used**
         * Wide industry and academic deployment
         * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
    * - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -53,36 +56,38 @@ Welcome to Verilator
 What Verilator Does
 ===================
 
-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
 files, the "Verilated" code.
 
-These Verilated C++/SystemC files are then compiled by a C++ compiler
-(gcc/clang/MSVC++), optionally along with a user's own C++/SystemC wrapper
-file, to instantiate the Verilated model. Executing the resulting
-executable performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking
-Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
+Verilator can automatically generate a simulator executable (using
+``--binary``), or users can write their own C++/SystemC wrapper to
+instantiate the model. The resulting Verilated executable performs the
+design simulation. Verilator also supports linking Verilator-generated
+libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
 
-Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
-replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
-mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
-designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
+Verilator supports all design constructs, most verification constructs,
+intra-assignment delays (e.g, `#10`), and events. Tristate-bus (`z`) and
+unknowns (`x`) are handled in limited contexts, in a special manor for
+performance. It currently may not be the best choice if you are expecting a
+full-featured replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, performing
+SDF annotation, or mixed-signal simulation. However, if you are looking for
+a path to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed
+simulation, Verilator is the tool for you.
 
 
 Performance
 ===========
 
-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).
 
 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -100,8 +105,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -131,26 +136,33 @@ organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
 Related Projects
 ================
 
-- `GTKwave <http://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
+- `Cocotb <https://www.cocotb.org/>`_ - A coroutine-based cosimulation
+  library for writing testbenches in Python which officially supports
+  Verilator.
+
+- `GTKwave <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
   Verilator traces.
 
-- `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a full-featured interpreted Verilog
+- `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
   simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.
 
+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+
 
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.
 
-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png

REUSE.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator default licensing for "reuse lint"
+
+version = 1
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "**/.gitattributes",
+    "**/.gitignore",
+    ".clang-format",
+    ".clang-tidy",
+    ".codacy.yml",
+    ".devcontainer/devcontainer.json",
+    ".github/**",
+    ".pre-commit-hooks.yaml",
+    ".style.yapf",
+    "CITATION.cff",
+    "CPPLINT.cfg",
+    "docs/CONTRIBUTORS",
+    "docs/spelling.txt",
+    "docs/verilated.dox",
+    "examples/**/*.vc",
+    "install-sh",
+    "test_regress/.gdbinit",
+    "test_regress/input.vc",
+    "test_regress/input.xsim.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/*.dat",
+    "test_regress/t/*.gprof",
+    "test_regress/t/*.mem",
+    "test_regress/t/*.out",
+    "test_regress/t/*.tree",
+    "test_regress/t/*.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/t_lint_bsspace_bad.v",
+    "verilator.pc.in",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "docs/_static/**",
+    "docs/gen/*.rst",
+    "docs/guide/figures/**",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "test_regress/t/uvm/**"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = [
+    "2010-2017 Mentor Graphics Corporation",
+    "2010-2013 Synopsys, Inc.",
+    "2010-2018 Cadence Design Systems, Inc.",
+    "2013 NVIDIA Corporation",
+]
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "Apache-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "include/gtkwave/lz4.*"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2011-2023 Yann Collet"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "BSD-2-Clause"

bin/redirect

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################

bin/verilator

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }
 
 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");
 
 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
           "debug"            => \&debug,
           # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
           # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
           "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
           "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
           "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
     # Generic GDB interactive
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +117,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
     # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "gdb"
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -130,24 +133,24 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_valgrind) {
     # Run under valgrind
     my $valgrind_bin = ($ENV{VERILATOR_VALGRIND} || "valgrind --error-exitcode=1 --max-stackframe=2815880"
-        # Magic number sugested by valgrind, may need to be increased in future
+        # Magic number suggested by Valgrind, may need to be increased in future
         # if you get warnings. See: https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/manual-core.html#opt.max-stackframe
         );
 
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . $valgrind_bin
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
     # Debug
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
-    # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    # Normal, non-gdb
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +195,45 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
     }
+    return "";
 }
 
 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        if ($^O eq "darwin") {
+            my $membytes = `sysctl -n hw.memsize`;
+            chomp $membytes;
+            my $ncpu = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`;
+            chomp $ncpu;
+            $limit = int(int($membytes / 1024) / $ncpu / 8);
+        } else {
+            open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+            while (<$fh>) {
+                if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                    $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                    last;
+                }
+            }
+            close($fh);
+        }
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
     if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -227,17 +254,18 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
@@ -245,8 +273,8 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -256,7 +284,7 @@ sub sh_escape {
     # This is similar to quotemeta() but less aggressive.
     # There's no need to escape hyphens, periods, or forward slashes
     # for the shell as these have no special meaning to the shell.
-    $arg =~ s/([^0-9a-zA-Z_\-\+\=\.\/])/\\$1/g;
+    $arg =~ s/([^0-9a-zA-Z_\-\+\=\.\/:])/\\$1/g;
     return $arg;
 }
 
@@ -269,8 +297,7 @@ __END__
 
 =head1 NAME
 
-Verilator - Translate and simulate SystemVerilog code using C++/SystemC
-
+Verilator - Lint, compile and simulate SystemVerilog code using C++/SystemC
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
 
@@ -312,8 +339,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
-    --assert                    Enable all assertions
-    --assert-case               Enable unique/unique0/priority case related checks
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
+    --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
+    --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
     --bbox-sys                  Blackbox unknown $system calls
     --bbox-unsup                Blackbox unsupported language features
@@ -323,12 +351,13 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
     --cc                        Create C++ output
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
+    --constraint-array-limit <size>   Maximum array size for constraint array reduction
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
     --coverage                  Enable all coverage
+    --coverage-expr             Enable expression coverage
+    --coverage-expr-max <value>     Maximum permutations allowed for an expression
     --coverage-line             Enable line coverage
     --coverage-max-width <width>   Maximum array depth for coverage
     --coverage-toggle           Enable toggle coverage
@@ -340,24 +369,27 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-debug-leak             Disable leaking memory in --debug mode
     --debugi <level>            Enable debugging at a specified level
     --debugi-<srcfile> <level>  Enable debugging a source file at a level
-    --decorations <level>       Set output comment and spacing level
     --no-decoration             Disable comments and lower spacing level
+    --decorations <level>       Set output comment and spacing level
     --default-language <lang>   Default language to parse
      +define+<var>=<value>      Set preprocessor define
+    --diagnostics-sarif         Enable SARIF diagnostics output
+    --diagnostics-sarif-output <filename>  Set SARIF diagnostics output file
     --dpi-hdr-only              Only produce the DPI header file
+    --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
     --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
     --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
     --dump-tree-json            Enable dumping Ast .tree.json files and .tree.meta.json file
-    --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
+    --dumpi-<srcfile> <level>   Enable dumping everything in source file at level
     --dumpi-dfg <level>         Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files at level
     --dumpi-graph <level>       Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files at level
     --dumpi-tree <level>        Enable dumping Ast .tree files at level
     --dumpi-tree-json <level>   Enable dumping Ast .tree.json files at level
-    --dumpi-<srcfile> <level>   Enable dumping everything in source file at level
      -E                         Preprocess, but do not compile
     --emit-accessors            Emit getter and setter methods for model top class
     --error-limit <value>       Abort after this number of errors
@@ -367,6 +399,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -f <file>                  Parse arguments from a file
      -FI <file>                 Force include of a file
     --flatten                   Force inlining of all modules, tasks and functions
+    --func-recursion-depth <value>  Maximum recursive constant function depth
     --future0 <option>          Ignore an option for compatibility
     --future1 <option>          Ignore an option with argument for compatibility
      -fno-<optimization>        Disable internal optimization stage
@@ -375,38 +408,52 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --gdb                       Run Verilator under GDB interactively
     --gdbbt                     Run Verilator under GDB for backtrace
     --generate-key              Create random key for --protect-key
-    --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --get-supported <feature>   Get if feature is supported
+    --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
      +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
+    --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
+    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of addresses/paths in .tree.json
+    --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
+    --json-only-meta-output <filename>  Set .tree.meta.json output filename
+    --json-only-output <filename>       Set .tree.json output filename
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
     --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
     --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
-    --make <build-tool>         Generate scripts for specified build tool
-     -MAKEFLAGS <flags>         Arguments to pass to make during --build
     --main                      Generate C++ main() file
     --main-top-name             Specify top name passed to Verilated model in generated C++ main
+    --make <build-tool>         Generate scripts for specified build tool
+     -MAKEFLAGS <flags>         Arguments to pass to make during --build
     --max-num-width <value>     Maximum number width (default: 64K)
     --Mdir <directory>          Name of output object directory
     --MMD                       Create .d dependency files
     --mod-prefix <topname>      Name to prepend to lower classes
     --MP                        Create phony dependency targets
      +notimingchecks            Ignored
+     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
      -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
-     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
     --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
     --output-split <statements>          Split .cpp files into pieces
     --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split model functions
@@ -420,8 +467,11 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
     --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
+    --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
+    --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
     --prof-c                    Compile C++ code with profiling
     --prof-cfuncs               Name functions for profiling
@@ -432,19 +482,23 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --protect-lib <name>        Create a DPI protected library
     --public                    Mark signals as public; see docs
     --public-depth <level>      Mark public to specified module depth
-    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
     --public-flat-rw            Mark all variables, etc as public_flat_rw
+    --public-ignore             Ignore all public comment markings
+    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
     --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
     --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
-    --reloop-limit              Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --reloop-limit <value>      Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --replication-limit <value> Replication concatenation limit (default: 8k)
     --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
     --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
     --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
     --savable                   Enable model save-restore
     --sc                        Create SystemC output
+    --sched-zero-delay          Specify #0 delay support
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     --stats                     Create statistics file
     --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
@@ -452,39 +506,41 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-std-package            Prevent parsing standard package
     --no-std-waiver             Prevent parsing standard lint waivers
     --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
-    --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
      -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
      +systemverilogext+<ext>    Synonym for +1800-2023ext+<ext>
     --threads <threads>         Enable multithreading
     --threads-dpi <mode>        Enable multithreaded DPI
     --threads-max-mtasks <mtasks>  Tune maximum mtask partitioning
-    --timing                    Enable timing support
-    --no-timing                 Disable timing support
     --timescale <timescale>     Sets default timescale
     --timescale-override <timescale>  Overrides all timescales
+    --timing                    Enable timing support
+    --no-timing                 Disable timing support
     --top <topname>             Alias of --top-module
     --top-module <topname>      Name of top-level input module
-    --trace                     Enable waveform creation
+    --trace                     Enable VCD waveform creation
     --trace-coverage            Enable tracing of coverage
     --trace-depth <levels>      Depth of tracing
     --trace-fst                 Enable FST waveform creation
     --trace-max-array <depth>   Maximum array depth for tracing
     --trace-max-width <width>   Maximum bit width for tracing
     --trace-params              Enable tracing of parameters
+    --trace-saif                Enable SAIF file creation
     --trace-structs             Enable tracing structure names
     --trace-threads <threads>   Enable FST waveform creation on separate threads
     --no-trace-top              Do not emit traces for signals in the top module generated by verilator
     --trace-underscore          Enable tracing of _signals
+    --trace-vcd                 Enable VCD waveform creation
      -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
     --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
     --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
     --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
     --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
      -V                         Verbose version and config
      -v <filename>              Verilog library
     --valgrind                  Run Verilator under valgrind
-    --verilate-jobs             Job threads for Verilation stage
     --no-verilate               Skip Verilation and just compile previously Verilated code
+    --verilate-jobs             Job threads for Verilation stage
      +verilog1995ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-1995ext+<ext>
      +verilog2001ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-2001ext+<ext>
     --version                   Show program version and exits
@@ -499,6 +555,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -Wno-fatal                 Disable fatal exit on warnings
      -Wno-lint                  Disable all lint warnings
      -Wno-style                 Disable all style warnings
+     -work <libname>            Set config library for following files
      -Wpedantic                 Warn on compliance-test issues
      -Wwarn-<message>           Enable specified warning message
      -Wwarn-lint                Enable lint warning message
@@ -506,13 +563,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
-    --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
-    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of adresses/paths in .tree.json
-    --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
-    --json-only-output          .tree.json output filename
-    --json-only-meta-output     .tree.meta.json output filename
-    --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
-    --xml-output                XML output filename
      -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules
 
 This is a short summary of the simulation runtime arguments, i.e. for the
@@ -522,9 +572,9 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 =for VL_SPHINX_EXTRACT "_build/gen/args_verilated.rst"
 
+     +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
      +verilator+debug                      Enable debugging
      +verilator+debugi+<value>             Enable debugging at a level
-     +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
      +verilator+error+limit+<value>        Set error limit
      +verilator+help                       Show help
      +verilator+noassert                   Disable assert checking
@@ -535,15 +585,17 @@ description of these arguments.
      +verilator+quiet                      Minimize additional printing
      +verilator+rand+reset+<value>         Set random reset technique
      +verilator+seed+<value>               Set random seed
+     +verilator+solver+file+<filename>     Set random solver log filename
      +verilator+V                          Show verbose version and config
      +verilator+version                    Show version and exit
+     +verilator+wno+unsatconstr+<value>    Disable constraint warnings
 
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -16,18 +17,15 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}
 
 
-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
     return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 
 
@@ -53,37 +51,39 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
             match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
             if match:
                 assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
 
-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 #
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ if (! GetOptions (
     pod2usage(-exitstatus => 2, -verbose => 0);
 }
 
-# Normal, non gdb
+# Normal, non-gdb
 run(verilator_coverage_bin()
     . " " . join(' ', @Opt_Verilator_Sw));
 
@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
         if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,6 +173,7 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
     --annotate-all                All files should be shown.
     --annotate-min <count>        Minimum occurrence count for uncovered.
     --annotate-points             Annotates info from each coverage point.
+    --filter-type <regex>         Keep only records of given coverage type.
     --help                        Displays this message and version and exits.
     --rank                        Compute relative importance of tests.
     --unlink                      With --write, unlink all inputs
@@ -188,11 +192,12 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 =head1 SEE ALSO

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################
 
 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 
+exit_code = 0
 
-def diff(a, b):
 
+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
     if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
         diff_dir(a, b)
     elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
         diff_file(a, b)
     else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
 
     for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
         base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
     # Compare the two tree files
     short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
     short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):
 
     filterf(a, tmp_a)
     filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
     os.unlink(tmp_a)
     os.unlink(tmp_b)
 
-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2
 
 
-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
     # Remove hex numbers before diffing
     with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
         with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,13 +107,16 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-lineno',
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -8,42 +8,59 @@ import collections
 import math
 import re
 import statistics
+from collections import OrderedDict
 # from pprint import pprint
 
-Sections = []
+Sections = OrderedDict()
 LongestVcdStrValueLength = 0
 Threads = collections.defaultdict(lambda: [])  # List of records per thread id
 Mtasks = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'elapsed': 0, 'end': 0})
 Cpus = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'mtask_time': 0})
-Global = {'args': {}, 'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}), 'stats': {}}
+Global = {
+    'args': {},
+    'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}),
+    'info': {
+        'numa': 'no data'
+    },
+    'stats': {}
+}
 ElapsedTime = None  # total elapsed time
-ExecGraphTime = 0  # total elapsed time excuting an exec graph
+ExecGraphTime = 0  # total elapsed time executing an exec graph
+WaitingTime = 0  # total elapsed time waiting for mtasks
 ExecGraphIntervals = []  # list of (start, end) pairs
+ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
-        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)')
-        re_payload_mtaskEnd = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictCost (\d+)')
+        # The hierBlock argument is optional
+        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(
+            r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)(?: hierBlock)?\s*(\w+)?')
+        re_payload_mtaskEnd = re.compile(r'predictCost (\d+)')
+        re_payload_wait = re.compile(r'cpu (\d+)')
 
         re_arg1 = re.compile(r'VLPROF arg\s+(\S+)\+([0-9.]*)\s*')
         re_arg2 = re.compile(r'VLPROF arg\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9.]*)\s*$')
-        re_stat = re.compile(r'VLPROF stat\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9.]+)')
+        re_info = re.compile(r'VLPROF info\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$')
+        re_stat = re.compile(r'VLPROF stat\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)')
         re_proc_cpu = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC processor\s*:\s*(\d+)\s*$')
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
         thread = 0
-        execGraphStart = None
+        thread_last_ecpu = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
         global ExecGraphTime
+        global WaitingTime
 
+        ExecGraphStack = []
         SectionStack = []
-        mTaskThread = {}
+        MtasksStack = []
+        ThreadScheduleWait = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
         for line in fh:
             recordMatch = re_record.match(line)
@@ -60,44 +77,61 @@ def read_data(filename):
                     SectionStack.pop()
                     Sections[thread].append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
                 elif kind == "MTASK_BEGIN":
-                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(payload).groups()
+                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu, hier_block = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(
+                        payload).groups()
+                    hier_block = "" if hier_block is None else hier_block
                     mtask = int(mtask)
                     predict_start = int(predict_start)
                     ecpu = int(ecpu)
-                    mTaskThread[mtask] = thread
                     records = Threads[thread]
-                    assert not records or records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1]['end'] <= tick
                     records.append({
                         'start': tick,
                         'mtask': mtask,
                         'predict_start': predict_start,
+                        'hier_block': hier_block,
                         'cpu': ecpu
                     })
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['begin'] = tick
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['thread'] = thread
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] = predict_start
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['begin'] = tick
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['predict_start'] = predict_start
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['thread'] = thread
+                    MtasksStack.append((hier_block, mtask, records[-1]))
                 elif kind == "MTASK_END":
-                    mtask, predict_cost = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(payload).groups()
+                    predict_cost, = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(payload).groups()
                     mtask = int(mtask)
+                    hier_block, mtask, record = MtasksStack.pop()
                     predict_cost = int(predict_cost)
-                    begin = Mtasks[mtask]['begin']
-                    record = Threads[mTaskThread[mtask]][-1]
+                    begin = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['begin']
                     record['end'] = tick
+                    assert record and records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1]['end'] <= tick
                     record['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'] += tick - begin
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['end'] = max(Mtasks[mtask]['end'], tick)
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['elapsed'] += tick - begin
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['end'] = max(Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['end'],
+                                                             tick)
+                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
+                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
+                    ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
+                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
+                    start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
+                    WaitingTime += tick - start
+                    ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
                 elif kind == "EXEC_GRAPH_BEGIN":
-                    execGraphStart = tick
+                    ExecGraphStack.append(tick)
                 elif kind == "EXEC_GRAPH_END":
+                    assert ExecGraphStack, "EXEC_GRAPH_END without EXEC_GRAPH_BEGIN"
+                    execGraphStart = ExecGraphStack.pop()
                     ExecGraphTime += tick - execGraphStart
                     ExecGraphIntervals.append((execGraphStart, tick))
-                    execGraphStart = None
                 elif Args.debug:
                     print("-Unknown execution trace record: %s" % line)
             elif re_thread.match(line):
                 thread = int(re_thread.match(line).group(1))
-                Sections.append([])
+                Sections[thread] = []
             elif re.match(r'^VLPROF(THREAD|VERSION)', line):
                 pass
             elif re_arg1.match(line):
@@ -106,6 +140,9 @@ def read_data(filename):
             elif re_arg2.match(line):
                 match = re_arg2.match(line)
                 Global['args'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
+            elif re_info.match(line):
+                match = re_info.match(line)
+                Global['info'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
             elif re_stat.match(line):
                 match = re_stat.match(line)
                 Global['stats'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
@@ -134,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def report():
+def report() -> None:
     print("Verilator Gantt report")
 
     print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -156,11 +193,13 @@ def report():
     print("\nSummary:")
     print("  Total elapsed time = {} rdtsc ticks".format(ElapsedTime))
     print("  Parallelized code  = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(ExecGraphTime / ElapsedTime))
+    print("  Waiting time       = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(WaitingTime / ElapsedTime))
     print("  Total threads      = %d" % nthreads)
     print("  Total CPUs used    = %d" % ncpus)
     print("  Total mtasks       = %d" % len(Mtasks))
     print("  Total yields       = %d" % int(Global['stats'].get('yields', 0)))
 
+    report_numa()
     report_mtasks()
     report_cpus()
     report_sections()
@@ -181,7 +220,12 @@ def report():
     print()
 
 
-def report_mtasks():
+def report_numa() -> None:
+    print("\nNUMA assignment:")
+    print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])
+
+
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
     if not Mtasks:
         return
 
@@ -199,10 +243,11 @@ def report_mtasks():
     thread_mtask_time = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     long_mtask_time = 0
     long_mtask = None
+    long_mtask_hier_block = None
     predict_mtask_time = 0
     predict_elapsed = 0
-    for mtaskId in Mtasks:
-        record = Mtasks[mtaskId]
+    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
+        record = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
         predict_mtask_time += record['predict_cost']
         total_mtask_time += record['elapsed']
         thread_mtask_time[record['thread']] += record['elapsed']
@@ -210,7 +255,8 @@ def report_mtasks():
         predict_elapsed = max(predict_elapsed, predict_end)
         if record['elapsed'] > long_mtask_time:
             long_mtask_time = record['elapsed']
-            long_mtask = mtaskId
+            long_mtask = mtask_id
+            long_mtask_hier_block = hier_block
     Global['predict_last_end'] = predict_elapsed
 
     serialTime = ElapsedTime - ExecGraphTime
@@ -239,31 +285,55 @@ def report_mtasks():
     max_p2e = -1000000
     max_mtask = None
 
-    for mtask in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
-        if Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'] > 0:
-            if Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] == 0:
-                Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] = 1  # don't log(0) below
-            p2e_ratio = math.log(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] / Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'])
+    min_hier_block = None
+    max_hier_block = None
+
+    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
+        mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
+        if mtask['elapsed'] > 0:
+            if mtask['predict_cost'] == 0:
+                mtask['predict_cost'] = 1  # don't log(0) below
+            p2e_ratio = math.log(mtask['predict_cost'] / mtask['elapsed'])
             p2e_ratios.append(p2e_ratio)
 
             if p2e_ratio > max_p2e:
                 max_p2e = p2e_ratio
-                max_mtask = mtask
+                max_mtask = mtask_id
+                max_hier_block = hier_block
             if p2e_ratio < min_p2e:
                 min_p2e = p2e_ratio
-                min_mtask = mtask
+                min_mtask = mtask_id
+                min_hier_block = hier_block
 
     print("\nMTask statistics:")
-    print("  Longest mtask id = {}".format(long_mtask))
+    if long_mtask_hier_block:
+        print("  Longest mtask id = {} from hier_block '{}'".format(long_mtask,
+                                                                    long_mtask_hier_block))
+    else:
+        print("  Longest mtask id = {}".format(long_mtask))
     print("  Longest mtask time = {:.2%} of time elapsed in parallelized code".format(
         long_mtask_time / ExecGraphTime))
     print("  min log(p2e) = %0.3f" % min_p2e, end="")
 
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (min_mtask, Mtasks[min_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
-    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[min_mtask]['elapsed'])
+    if min_hier_block:
+        print("  from hier_block '%s' mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (min_hier_block, min_mtask, Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    else:
+        print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (min_mtask, Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['elapsed'])
     print("  max log(p2e) = %0.3f" % max_p2e, end="")
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (max_mtask, Mtasks[max_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
-    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[max_mtask]['elapsed'])
+    if max_hier_block:
+        print("  from hier_block '%s' mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (max_hier_block, max_mtask, Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    else:
+        print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (max_mtask, Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['elapsed'])
 
     stddev = statistics.pstdev(p2e_ratios)
     mean = statistics.mean(p2e_ratios)
@@ -272,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))
 
 
-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
     print("\nCPU info:")
 
     Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -307,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                 Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True
 
 
-def report_sections():
-    for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+def report_sections() -> None:
+    for thread, section in Sections.items():
         if section:
             print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
             report_section(section)
 
 
-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
@@ -366,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
     print("Writing %s" % filename)
     with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)
@@ -403,6 +473,9 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 val = buf.ljust(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "0")
             values[time][code] = val
 
+        def addXValue(code, time):
+            values[time][code] = 'x'
+
         # Measured graph
         for thread in sorted(Threads):
             mcode = getCode(32, 'measured', 't%d_mtask' % thread)
@@ -427,27 +500,36 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
         tStart = sorted(_['start'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
         tEnd = sorted(_['end'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
 
+        # Measured waiting time
+        for (start, end, cpu) in ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals:
+            mcode = getCode(32, 'measured', 'cpu%d_waiting' % cpu)
+            addXValue(mcode, start)
+            addValue(mcode, end, None)
+
         # Predicted graph
         for start, end in ExecGraphIntervals:
             # Find the earliest MTask start after the start point, and the
             # latest MTask end before the end point, so we can scale to the
             # same range
-            start = tStart[bisect.bisect_left(tStart, start)]
+            tStartIdx = bisect.bisect_left(tStart, start)
+            if tStartIdx >= len(tStart):
+                continue
+            start = tStart[tStartIdx]
             end = tEnd[bisect.bisect_right(tEnd, end) - 1]
             # Compute scale so predicted graph is of same width as interval
             measured_scaling = (end - start) / Global['predict_last_end']
             # Predict mtasks that fill the time the execution occupied
-            for mtask in Mtasks:
-                thread = Mtasks[mtask]['thread']
-                pred_scaled_start = start + int(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
+            for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
+                mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
+                thread = mtask['thread']
+                pred_scaled_start = start + int(mtask['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
                 pred_scaled_end = start + int(
-                    (Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] + Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost']) *
-                    measured_scaling)
+                    (mtask['predict_start'] + mtask['predict_cost']) * measured_scaling)
                 if pred_scaled_start == pred_scaled_end:
                     continue
 
                 mcode = getCode(32, 'predicted', 't%d_mtask' % thread)
-                addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_start, mtask)
+                addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_start, mtask_id)
                 addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_end, None)
 
                 parallelism['predicted'][pred_scaled_start] += 1
@@ -462,7 +544,7 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 addValue(pcode, time, value)
 
         # Section graph
-        for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+        for thread, section in Sections.items():
             if section:
                 scode = getCode(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "section", f"t{thread}_trace")
                 dcode = getCode(32, "section", f"t{thread}_depth")
@@ -510,6 +592,8 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 value = values[time][code]
                 if value is None:
                     fh.write("bz v%x\n" % code)
+                elif value == 'x':
+                    fh.write("bx v%x\n" % code)
                 elif isinstance(value, str):
                     fh.write("b%s v%x\n" % (value, code))
                 else:
@@ -521,7 +605,7 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-    description="""Create Gantt chart of multi-threaded execution.
+    description="""Create Gantt chart of Verilator multi-threaded execution
 
 Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 #xmultithreaded simulation performance, by showing when each macro-task
@@ -529,16 +613,17 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')
-parser.add_argument('--vcd', help='filename for vcd outpue', default='profile_exec.vcd')
+parser.add_argument('--vcd', help='filename for vcd output', default='profile_exec.vcd')
 parser.add_argument('filename',
                     help='input profile_exec.dat filename to process',
                     default='profile_exec.dat')

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
-# of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
-# Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify the
+# Verilator internals under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 #
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ######################################################################
 

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     funcs = {}
 
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                 calls = float(match.group(3))
                 func = match.group(4)
                 if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                 funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                 funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                 funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
     print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
     for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-    description="""Read gprof report created with --prof-cfuncs.
+    description="""Read gprof report created with Verilator --prof-cfuncs
 
 Verilator_profcfunc reads a profile report created by gprof.  The names of
 the functions are then transformed, assuming the user used Verilator's
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('filename', help='input gprof output to process')

ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI dependency install script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -34,13 +30,20 @@ elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   MAKE=gmake
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+fi
+
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
 fi
 
 install-vcddiff() {
   TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
   git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
-  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout e5664be5fe39d353bf3fcb50aa05214ab7ed4ac4
+  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout 4db0d84a27e8f148b127e916fc71d650837955c5
   "$MAKE" -C "${TMP_DIR}"
   sudo cp "${TMP_DIR}/vcddiff" /usr/local/bin
 }
@@ -53,32 +56,36 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update ||
     sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ]; then
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev
+    if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
       # Some conflict of libunwind verison on 22.04, can live without it for now
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    brew update ||
     brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man ||
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
     sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -89,16 +96,18 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update ||
     sudo apt-get update
     # libfl-dev needed for internal coverage's test runs
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
     # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     # fst2vcd fails with "Could not open '<input file>', exiting."
     sudo pkg install -y ccache gmake perl5 python3 jq z3
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
   fi
   # Common installs
   install-vcddiff
@@ -117,5 +126,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
   ##############################################################################
   # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI main job script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -27,11 +23,13 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
   export MAKE=make
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   export MAKE=gmake
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 NPROC=$(expr $NPROC '+' 1)
 
@@ -39,23 +37,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Build verilator
 
-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -86,112 +88,111 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
   fi
 
-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-22.04' ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-24.04' ] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
+    # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+    "$MAKE" install
+    mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
+    mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
+    export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+    TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
+    mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+    NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
+    mv nodist "$NODIST"
+    # Feeling brave?
+    find . -delete
+    ls -la .
   fi
 
   # Run the specified test
   ccache -z
   case $TESTS in
     dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
       ;;
     vltmt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS=--vltmt DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/2
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
       ;;
     vltmt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS=--vltmt DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/2
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/3
       ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
+    vltmt-2)
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
       ;;
     coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     *)
-      fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"
+      fatal "Unknown TESTS: $TESTS"
       ;;
   esac
 
@@ -203,5 +204,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
   ##############################################################################
   # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi

ci/ci-win-compile.ps1

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Compile Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 

ci/ci-win-test.ps1

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Verilate a test
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 

ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for env to build and fully test Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
 # Create the user
 RUN groupadd verilator \
@@ -36,12 +36,14 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         help2man \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libclang-rt-18-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         libsystemc \
                         libsystemc-dev \
                         numactl \
                         perl \
                         python3 \
+                        python3-distro \
                         wget \
                         z3 \
                         zlib1g \

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:
 
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:
 
--  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
 
--  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)
 
--  Compiler (GCC 10.3.0, clang 10.0.0, default: 10.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
 
 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -31,18 +31,19 @@ To also run tests:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-To change the compiler:
+To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-10 -e CXX=clang++-10 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-The tests that involve gdb are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-10 -e CXX=clang++-10 --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE --security-opt seccomp=unconfined verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti --cap-add=CAP_SYS_NICE verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
 Rather then building using a remote git repository you may prefer to use a
 working copy on the local filesystem. Mount the local working copy path as
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ top of a repository:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -v ${PWD}:/tmp/repo -e REPO=/tmp/repo -e REV=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE --security-opt seccomp=unconfined verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -v ${PWD}:/tmp/repo -e REPO=/tmp/repo -e REV=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
 
 Rebuilding

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e
 # DESCRIPTION: Build Verilator (inside container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"
 
 SRCS=$PWD/verilator

ci/docker/run/Dockerfile

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for image to run Verilator inside
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
 RUN apt-get update \
     && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         help2man \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         numactl \
                         perl \
                         perl-doc \
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ RUN git clone "${REPO}" verilator && \
     make && \
     make install && \
     cd .. && \
-    rm -r verilator
+    rm -r verilator && \
+    ccache -C
 
 COPY verilator-wrap.sh /usr/local/bin/verilator-wrap.sh
 

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version
 
-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.
 
-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
    ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v
 
 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:
 
 ::
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.
 
 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.

ci/docker/run/hooks/build

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to pass SOURCE_COMMIT
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker build --build-arg SOURCE_COMMIT=${SOURCE_COMMIT} -f $DOCKERFILE_PATH -t $IMAGE_NAME .

ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to tag the latest release (stable)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi

ci/docker/run/verilator-docker

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a verilator call to run a docker container
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker pull verilator/verilator:$1 >/dev/null

ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh

@@ -2,30 +2,30 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a Verilator call and copy vlt includes
 #              (inside docker container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi
 
 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi
 
 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi

codecov.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
-# General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
 # and commit using "devel release" or "Version bump" message
+# Then 'make distclean' 'autoconf' './configure' 'make' 'make test'
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.032 2025-01-01],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.047 devel],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -56,6 +58,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
                CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)
 
+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc and jemalloc.  Does not
+                               affect Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -68,21 +86,48 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                 *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
                esac],
               [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi
 
-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable linking Verilator with jemalloc if available
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use jemalloc)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([jemalloc],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jemalloc],
+                              [Use libjemalloc for faster dynamic memory
+                               management in Verilator binary. Preferred over
+                               tcmalloc when both are available
+                               @<:@default=check@:>@])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-jemalloc]) ;;
+               esac],
+              [CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=check;])
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC)
+fi
+
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                                For developers only.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
                esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -177,7 +222,7 @@ AC_PROG_INSTALL
 
 AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
 CFG_CXX_VERSION=`$CXX --version | head -1`
-AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler version... $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXX_VERSION)
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([that C++ compiler can compile simple program])
@@ -377,7 +422,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    ])
 
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -389,11 +434,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
   #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
   # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -431,10 +484,21 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -445,16 +509,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)
 
 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -469,22 +539,27 @@ CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="-faligned-new"
 m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-fbracket-depth=4096],
         [-fcf-protection=none],
+        [-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp],
         [-mno-cet],
         [-Qunused-arguments],
         [-Wno-bool-operation],
         [-Wno-c++11-narrowing],
         [-Wno-constant-logical-operand],
+        [-Wno-int-in-bool-context],
         [-Wno-non-pod-varargs],
         [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
         [-Wno-shadow],
         [-Wno-sign-compare],
+        [-Wno-subobject-linkage],
         [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
         [-Wno-tautological-compare],
         [-Wno-uninitialized],
+        [-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
         [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
     # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
     CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -514,9 +589,11 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libgcc)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libstdc++)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -Xlinker -gc-sections)
-  LTCMALLOC=-l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a
+  LTCMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
+  LJEMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libjemalloc.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
 else
   LTCMALLOC=-ltcmalloc_minimal
+  LJEMALLOC=-ljemalloc
 fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
@@ -532,21 +609,51 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -latomic)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lbcrypt)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lpsapi)
 
-# Check if tcmalloc is available based on --enable-tcmalloc
+# Check if jemalloc is available based on --enable-jemalloc
+# jemalloc is preferred over tcmalloc when both are available
+CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=no
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
-  $LTCMALLOC,
-  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
-    CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
-    # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
-    # it is using it's own versions of the standard library functions
+  $LJEMALLOC,
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" != "no"; then
+    CFG_LIBS="$LJEMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=yes;
+    # If using jemalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
+    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_JEMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have jemalloc])
+   fi],
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-jemalloc was given but test for ${LJEMALLOC} failed])
+   fi])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_JEMALLOC)
+
+# Check if tcmalloc is available based on --enable-tcmalloc
+# Only use tcmalloc if jemalloc was not found/enabled
+if test "$CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([jemalloc found, skipping tcmalloc check])
+else
+CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=no
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
+  $LTCMALLOC,
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
+    CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=yes;
+    # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
+    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TCMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have tcmalloc])
    fi],
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
     AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
    fi])
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 
 # Need C++14 at least
@@ -554,18 +661,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
    [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
     # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
      [_my_result=no])
    ])
 

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Contributing to Verilator
 =========================
 
@@ -7,8 +10,8 @@ This contributing document contains some suggestions that may make
 contributions flow more efficiently.
 
 
-Did you find a bug?
--------------------
+Did you find a Verilator bug?
+-----------------------------
 
 - Please **ensure the bug was not already reported** by searching
   `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`__.
@@ -23,13 +26,13 @@ Did you find a bug?
     demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.
 
   - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
-Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?
----------------------------------------
+Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 - Please `Open a new Verilator issue <https://verilator.org/issues/new>`__
   if there is not one already describing the bug.
@@ -38,18 +41,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.
 
 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
-- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.
 
-- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:
 
   - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
     <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -72,12 +75,12 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?
 - Most important is we get your patch.
 
 
-Do you have questions?
-----------------------
+Do you have questions on Verilator?
+-----------------------------------
 
-- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
 
 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
   <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ under the Developer Certificate of Origin (https://developercertificate.org/).
 
 Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 
+404allen404
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
-Àlex Torregrosa
+Alex Zhou
 Aliaksei Chapyzhenka
 Ameya Vikram Singh
 Andrea Calabrese
@@ -19,28 +20,39 @@ Andreas Kuster
 Andrei Kostovski
 Andrew Miloradovsky
 Andrew Nolte
+Andrew Voznytsa
 Anthony Donlon
 Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
+Artur Bieniek
+AUDIY
 Aylon Chaim Porat
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
+Brian Li
 Cameron Kirk
+Cameron Waite
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
+Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
+Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
 David Metz
 David Stanford
 David Turner
 Dercury
+Diego Roux
+Dominick Grochowina
 Don Williamson
 Drew Ranck
 Drew Taussig
@@ -48,28 +60,30 @@ Driss Hafdi
 Edgar E. Iglesias
 Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
+Eunseo Song
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Furqan Nadir
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
-february cozzocrea
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
 Frans Skarman
 Fuad Ismail
+Furqan Nadir
 G-A. Kamendje
 Garrett Smith
+George Polack
 Geza Lore
 Gianfranco Costamagna
 Gijs Burghoorn
+Gilberto Abram
 Glen Gibb
-Gökçe Aydos
 Graham Rushton
 Greg Davill
 Guokai Chen
 Gus Smith
 Gustav Svensk
+Gökçe Aydos
 Han Qi
 Harald Heckmann
 Hennadii Chernyshchyk
@@ -78,12 +92,16 @@ Huang Rui
 Huanghuang Zhou
 HungMingWu
 HyungKi Jeong
-Ícaro Lima
+Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz
+Igor Zaworski
 Ilya Barkov
 Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Michalski
+Jakub Wasilewski
+jalcim
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -92,31 +110,39 @@ James Shi
 Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
-Jiangjie Weng
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
 Jiacheng Qian
 Jiamin Zhu
+Jiangjie Weng
 Jinyan Xu
+Jitesh Nayak
 Jiuyang Liu
+Joel Bodenmann
 Joey Liu
 John Coiner
 John Demme
+John Khoo
 John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
 Josh Redford
+Julian Carrier
 Julian Daube
 Julie Schwartz
 Julien Margetts
 Justin Thiel
 Kaleb Barrett
+Kamil Danecki
 Kamil Rakoczy
 Kanad Kanhere
 Kefa Chen
@@ -129,8 +155,11 @@ Krzysztof Boronski
 Krzysztof Boroński
 Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
+Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
+Leela Pakanati
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
 Ludwig Rogiers
@@ -138,6 +167,7 @@ Lukasz Dalek
 Maarten De Braekeleer
 Maciej Sobkowski
 Marcel Chang
+Marco Bartoli
 Marco Widmer
 Mariusz Glebocki
 Markus Krause
@@ -145,20 +175,29 @@ Marlon James
 Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
+Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
+Max Wipfli
+Maxim Fonarev
+Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
-Michaël Lefebvre
 Michal Czyz
+Michaël Lefebvre
 Mike Popoloski
 Miodrag Milanović
 Mladen Slijepcevic
 Morten Borup Petersen
 Mostafa Gamal
+Moubarak Jeje
 Nandu Raj
+Natan Kreimer
 Nathan Graybeal
 Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
+Nick Brereton
+Nikolay Puzanov
 Nolan Poe
 Oleh Maksymenko
 Patrick Stewart
@@ -166,11 +205,14 @@ Paul Bowen-Huggett
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
+Peter Birch
 Peter Debacker
 Peter Horvath
 Peter Monsson
+Petr Nohavica
 Philip Axer
 Philipp Wagner
 Pierre-Henri Horrein
@@ -179,48 +221,61 @@ Piotr Binkowski
 Qingyao Sun
 Quentin Corradi
 Rafal Kapuscik
+Rahul Behl
 Rasfunk
 Raynard Qiao
 Ricardo Barbedo
 Richard Myers
 Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
+Robin Heinemann
+Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
+Rowan Goemans
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
 Samuel Riedel
 Sean Cross
 Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
+Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
+Shogo Yamazaki
+Shou-Li Hsu
 Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
 Stephen Henry
 Steven Hugg
-sumpster
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
-Tom Manner
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
+Tobias Jensen
 Tobias Rosenkranz
 Tobias Wölfel
 Todd Strader
+Tom Manner
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
+Tracy Narine
+Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
+Udaya Raj Subedi
 Udi Finkelstein
 Unai Martinez-Corral
-Udaya Raj Subedi
 Valentin Atepalikhin
 Varun Koyyalagunta
 Vassilis Papaefstathiou
 Veripool API Bot
 Victor Besyakov
+Vikash Patel
 Vito Gamberini
+Wei-Lun Chiu
 William D. Jones
 Wilson Snyder
 Xi Zhang
@@ -235,7 +290,15 @@ Yuri Victorovich
 Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA
 Yves Mathieu
 Zhanglei Wang
+Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
+Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
-أحمد المحمودي
-404allen404
+apocelipes
+dependabot[bot]
+february cozzocrea
+sumpster
+em2machine
+emmettifelts
+Àlex Torregrosa
+Ícaro Lima

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ BUILDDIR = _build
 
 SPHINXOPTS ?= -c guide -j 4
 ifneq ($(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID),)
-SPHINXOPTS += -D html_theme_options.analytics_id=$(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID)
+  SPHINXOPTS += -D html_theme_options.analytics_id=$(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID)
 endif
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -68,15 +68,21 @@ pdf:
 
 ######################################################################
 
-html latex linkcheck spelling::
+html latex linkcheck::
 	$(MAKE) vl-extract
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 	$(PYTHON3) bin/vl_sphinx_fix _build
 
+spelling::
+	$(MAKE) vl-extract
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+	sort -o guide/spelling.txt guide/spelling.txt
+
 help:
 	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
+	rm -rf _build
 	rm -f $(SCRIPTS) *.tmp
 	rm -f *.aux *.cp *.cps *.dvi *.fn *.fns *.ky *.kys *.log
 	rm -f *.pg *.pgs *.toc *.tp *.tps *.vr *.vrs *.idx

docs/README.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Verilator Documentation
 =======================
 
@@ -10,8 +13,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxExtract:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             fhw = None
             for line in fhr:
@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to extract from')

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxFix:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
             self._edit(path)
 
-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
         is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             origfile = fhr.read()
@@ -53,12 +52,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to edit')

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+
+     always @* a = 100;

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ALWNEVER: example.v:1:3 'always @*' will never execute as expression list is empty (no variables read)

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3,5
+
+     assign d_o =  // Note = not == below
+         (
+         e_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? 1 : (
+         e_o = 0  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? b_i : 0;

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_badvltpragma_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_badvltpragma_bad
+.. code-block::
+   :emphasize-lines: 1,2
+
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_faulty.rst

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
 
-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] a)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_faulty.rst

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 2,5
 
-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+   module sub;
+     parameter NODEF;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-PARAMNODEFAULT: example.v:1:13 Parameter without default requires ANSI-style parameter list (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.1): 'NODEF'
+       8 |   parameter NODEF;
+         |             ^~~~~

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_faulty.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      sub sub();  // <--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   module sub
-     (output port);
+     sub sub ();  // <--- Warning
    endmodule
+   module sub (
+       output port
+   );

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_pinmissing_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Cell has missing pin: 'port'
+   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:7 Instance has missing pin: 'port'

docs/gen/ex_PKGNODECL_faulty.rst

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-.. comment: generated by t_lint_pkgnodecl_bad
-.. code-block:: sv
-   :linenos:
-   :emphasize-lines: 2
-
-   module t;
-      initial Pkg::hello();  //<--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   package Pkg;
-      function void hello(); endfunction
-   endpackage