Commentary/Tests: Describe PARAMNODEFAULT as top.

Fixes #7441.

.bake.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# mbake configuration file
+# DESCRIPTION: mbake configuration file
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
 
 [formatter]
 # Indentation settings

.clang-tidy

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*'
+Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*,-boost-use-ranges'
 WarningsAsErrors: ''
 HeaderFilterRegex: ''
 FormatStyle:     none

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020-2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''
 
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      everything:
+        patterns: ["*"]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 # This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: build
+name: build-test
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
@@ -17,72 +19,158 @@ permissions:
 
 defaults:
   run:
-    shell: bash
     working-directory: repo
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
 
 jobs:
 
   build-2404-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2404-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
 
   build-2204-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2204-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
 
   test-2404-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -97,14 +185,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2404-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -119,14 +209,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -141,14 +233,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -163,34 +257,30 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
         with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
 permissions:
@@ -14,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -2,96 +2,213 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
-
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
 
-  Build:
+  build:
+    name: Build
     # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1
 
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
         num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v6
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov || \
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 name: format
 on:
   push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
 permissions:
   contents: write
+
 jobs:
   format:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -19,26 +21,27 @@ jobs:
       CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install packages for build
         env:
           CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
         run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-18 yapf3 &&
-          sudo pip3 install gersemi mbake &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18 || \
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
           git config --global user.name "github action"
       - name: Format code
         run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18 &&
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+          make venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
           git status
       - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
             git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
             git push origin

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-2025
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip

.github/workflows/no-pulls.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+# Block PRs against stable branch
+name: "Check PR not against 'stable'"
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [stable]
+
+jobs:
+  block-pr:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Fail and block PR
+        run: |-
+          echo "Error: Pull requests directly to 'stable' are not allowed. Please PR against 'master'."
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows"]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -7,16 +7,32 @@ name: reusable-build
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
-      cc:  # gcc or clang
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
         required: true
         type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
 
 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -31,30 +47,33 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
 
   build:
+    name: Build
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-build | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
-
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         env:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
@@ -64,12 +83,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-      - name: Tar up repository
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Install python dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install python3-clang || \
+          sudo apt install python3-clang
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -31,18 +31,23 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
           sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev
 
       - name: Use saved ccache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: ccache
           key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           path: repo
           fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
 
       - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -55,11 +55,16 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
           sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev
 
       - name: Download Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
@@ -70,14 +75,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Use saved ccache
         if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
           key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
 
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -89,15 +94,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Compile cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}' --nExecute=0
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
 
       - name: Execute cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at leat save the successful results
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
 
       - name: Collate results
         id: results
@@ -114,15 +117,14 @@ jobs:
           ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
 
       - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
-          name: rtlmeter-results-${{ inputs.tag }}-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 2
 
       - name: Report status
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        run: | # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ name: reusable-test
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
@@ -19,10 +23,12 @@ on:
       suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
         required: true
         type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
 
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -38,30 +44,30 @@ jobs:
 
   test:
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-test | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }} | ${{inputs.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ inputs.suite }}
+    name: Test
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
       CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         env:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
         with:
@@ -71,9 +77,35 @@ jobs:
             ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
       - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-install.bash
+          make venv
 
       - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
         env:
           TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "Click on '> Tests' arrow above (or on other steps), to expand it, and see the failure reasons"
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
   pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-      - reopened
-      - labeled
-      - unlabeled
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
+  push:
+    branches: ['ci-rtlmeter/**']
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -25,7 +22,8 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.ref }}
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
@@ -39,7 +37,8 @@ jobs:
         && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
       (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'push')
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Startup
@@ -78,9 +77,11 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
           - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
           - "OpenTitan:*"
           - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
@@ -120,9 +121,11 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
           - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
           - "OpenTitan:*"
           - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
@@ -145,9 +148,35 @@ jobs:
           - "XuanTie-C906:*"
           - "XuanTie-C910:*"
 
+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
   combine-results:
     name: Combine results
-    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang]
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
     # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
     # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
     if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
@@ -155,12 +184,10 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        tag:
-          - gcc
-          - clang
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -168,9 +195,9 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: make venv
       - name: Download all results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          pattern: rtlmeter-results-${{ matrix.tag }}-*
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
           path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Combine results
@@ -178,7 +205,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
       - name: Upload combined results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
           name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
@@ -197,20 +224,20 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
           pattern: all-results-*
           path: results
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload published results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: results/*.json
           name: published-results
       # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3.1.1
         with:
           app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
@@ -218,7 +245,7 @@ jobs:
           repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
           permission-contents: write
       - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -242,55 +269,121 @@ jobs:
           git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
           git push origin
 
-  #publish-pr-results:
-  #  name: Publish results to Pull Request
-  #  needs: combine-results
-  #  if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
-  #  runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-  #  steps:
-  #    - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-  #      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
-  #        path: rtlmeter
-  #    - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
-  #      working-directory: rtlmeter
-  #      run: make venv
-  #    - name: Download combined results
-  #      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        pattern: all-results-*
-  #        path: all-results
-  #        merge-multiple: true
-  #    - name: Get scheduled run info
-  #      id: scheduled-info
-  #      run:
-  #        IDLATEST=$(gh run list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
-  #        echo "id=$IDLATEST" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #        URL=$(gh run view $IDLATEST --json url --jq ".url")
-  #        echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #        NUM=$(gh run view $IDLATEST --json number --jq ".number")
-  #        echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #    # Fetching artifacts from different workflow requires elevated privilege
-  #    - name: Generate access token
-  #      id: generate-token
-  #      uses: actions/[email protected]
-  #      with:
-  #        app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
-  #        private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
-  #        owner: verilator
-  #        repositories: verilator
-  #        permission-actions: read
-  #    - name: Download scheduled run results
-  #      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        name: published-results
-  #        path: nightly-results
-  #        run-id: ${{ steps.schedueld-info.outputs.id }}
-  #        github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-  #    # TODO: diff and present
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
 
-  # Create GitHub issue for failed schedueld jobs
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
   # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
   create-issue:
     name: Create issue on failure
@@ -301,7 +394,7 @@ jobs:
       # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3.1.1
         with:
           app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
@@ -311,7 +404,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Create issue
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
           echo "" >> body.txt
           echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history

Artistic

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-Artistic License 2.0
-
-Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
-license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-Preamble
-********
-
-This license establishes the terms under which a given free software
-Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed.  The
-intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over
-the development of that Package while still keeping the Package
-available as open source and free software.
-
-You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this
-license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the
-terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to
-make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a
-different licensing arrangement.
-
-Definitions
-***********
-
-"Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in
-the copyright notice for the entire Package.
-
-"Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other
-material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's
-procedures.
-
-"You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or
-modify the Package.
-
-"Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
-Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files.  A
-given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified
-Version.
-
-"Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it
-accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization,
-to others outside of your company or organization.
-
-"Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this
-Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does
-not mean licensing fees.
-
-"Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or
-has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright
-Holder.
-
-"Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such
-changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
-
-"Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
-Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be
-modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
-
-"Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and
-configuration files for the Package.
-
-"Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any
-other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of
-the Source form.
-
-Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
-********************************************************
-
-(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use
-Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you
-do not Distribute the Modified Version.
-
-Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
-******************************************************
-
-(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the
-Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction,
-either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all
-of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your
-discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form
-of the Package.
-
-(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other
-modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting
-Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will
-be subject to the Original License.
-
-Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
-**********************************************************
-
-(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or
-for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the
-Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from
-the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any
-non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do
-at least ONE of the following:
-
-(a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the
-Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright
-Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
-
-(b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent
-the user installing or running the Standard Version.  In addition, the
-Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the
-Standard Version.
-
-(c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the
-Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
-
-(i) the Original License or
-
-(ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and
-redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that
-apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the
-Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it,
-be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but
-Distributor Fees are allowed.
-
-Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified
-******************************************************************
-Versions without the Source
-***************************
-
-(5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without
-the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to
-get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid
-at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time
-while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must
-provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution.  If
-you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days
-after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do
-not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
-
-(6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the
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-Source of the Modified Version.
-
-Aggregating or Linking the Package
-**********************************
-
-(7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or
-Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting
-aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the
-Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other
-components in the aggregation are permitted.  The terms of this license
-apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions
-as included in the aggregation.
-
-(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other
-works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build
-stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the
-Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the
-result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
-
-Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
-********************************************************
-
-(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that
-merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause
-the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not
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-of this license.
-
-General Provisions
-******************
-
-(10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
-Versions is governed by this Artistic License.  By using, modifying or
-distributing the Package, you accept this license.  Do not use, modify,
-or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
-
-(11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version
-made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure
-that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this
-license.
-
-(12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark,
-service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
-
-(13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
-patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
-otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
-licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
-Package.  If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
-counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
-direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License
-to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
-
-(14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES.  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT
-PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW.  UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
     family-names: Wasson
   - given-names: Duane
     family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
   - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
   The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
   description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
   traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2025 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.040
+    VERSION 5.047
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
     if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
     endif()
     if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
         message(

Changes

@@ -8,6 +8,530 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!
 
 
+Verilator 5.047 devel
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support jemalloc as the default allocator on Linux (#7250). [Yangyu Chen]
+  For better performance, `apt install libjemalloc-dev` or equivalent before running ./configure.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Support inout inside SV interface (#3466) (#7134). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support `##0` cycle delays (#4263) (#7298). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array reduction methods with 'with' clause in constraints (#6455) (#6999). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constraint imperfect distributions (#6811) (#7168). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disable task by name (#6853) (#7136). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support procedural concurrent assertion simple cases (#6944).
+* Support force assignments to array elements of real type (#7048). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI array indexing in signal names (#7097) (#7187) (#7214) (#7289). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support soft constraint solving (#7124) (#7166). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraints on fixed-size array of class object members (#7170) (#7183). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support Z non-blocking assignment (#7192) (#496) (#7197). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support constraint `with` item.index array reduction (#7198). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constant expressions without parentheses in `PATHPULSE$` (#7199). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support $sformat with runtime format string (#7212).
+* Support dist and solve...before inside foreach constraints (#7245) (#7253). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array and struct info metadata in FST traces (#7255). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Support dynamic array .size in inline randomize() with constraints (#7258) (#7266). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support defparam with more than one dot (#7262). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support modport export/import task prototypes and out-of-block definitions (#7277). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support very wide $display arguments (#7280). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Support named sequence declarations and instances in assertions  (#7283). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `##` delay on implication RHS in SVA properties (#7284). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support boolean and/or in sequence expressions (#7285). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support property-local variables and sequence match items (#7286). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 'until' property (partial #7290) (#7399). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support array map() method (#7307) (#7316) (#7344). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support SVA goto repetition `[->N]` in concurrent assertions (#7310). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support consecutive repetition `[\*N]` in SVA properties (#7311). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `##[*]`, `##[+]`, `##[M:N]`, `##[M:$]` cycle delays in assertions (#7312) (#7377). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support rise/fall delays (#7368). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support sequence intersect operator (#7374). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence 'throughout' operator (#7378). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence consecutive repetition `[*N:M]`, `[+]`, and `[*]` (#7379). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence `first_match` operator (#7392). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support nonconsecutive repetition [=N] in sequence expressions (#7397). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support per-process RNG for process::srandom() and object seeding (#7408) (#7415) (#7408). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 2**n expressions in constraint randomization (#7422). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `until_with` property (#7290 partial) (#7436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add VPI callback support to --main (#7145).
+* Add V3LiftExpr pass to lower impure expressions and calls (#7141) (#7164). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Add --func-recursion-depth CLI option (#7175) (#7179).
+* Add `+verilator+solver+file` (#7242).
+* Add MacOS support for address sanitizer memory limit (#7308). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Deprecate `--structs-packed` (#7222).
+* Improve assignment-compatibility type check (#2843) (#5666) (#7052). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve error message when variable used as data type (#7318). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve E_UNSUPPORTED warning messages (#7329). [Eunseo Song]
+* Change array tracing to dump left index to right index (#7205). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change `--converge-limit` default to 10000 (#7209).
+* Remove DFG extract optimization pass (#7394). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize trace code for faster compiles on repeated types (#6707) (#6832). [Todd Strader]
+* Optimize size of trace declaration object code (#7150). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize function call return value temporaries (#7152). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize conditional merging across some impure statements (#7159). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize reuse of existing associative terms in DfgPeephole. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize duplicate vertices and multiplexers in DfgPeephole (#7305). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize commutative vertex operands in DFG for better combining. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG peephole until a fixed point (#7309). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize comparisons with identical operands and $countones in DFG. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more patterns in DfgPeephole (#7332). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize read references in DFG (#7354). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG only once, after scoping (#7362). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more DFG peephole patterns (#7423). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix recursive default assignment for sub-arrays (#4589) (#7202). [Julian Carrier]
+* Fix virtual interface member trigger convergence (#5116) (#7323). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix shift width mismatch in constraint solver SMT emission (#5420) (#7265). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix returning wrong type from static function in parameterized class (#5479) (#7387) (#7411) (#7418). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize size+element queue constraints (#5582) (#7225). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix null assignment to virtual interfaces (#5974) (#5990). [Maxim Fonarev]
+* Fix typedef scope resolution for parameterized class aliases (#5977) (#7319). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lambda coroutines (#6106) (#7135). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix super constructor calls with local variables (#6214) (#6933). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter default comparison when value contains type cast (#6281) (#7369) (#6281). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `local::` false error in randomize() with on parameterized class (#6680) (#7293). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false recursive definition error (#6769) (#7118). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix port assignment to large arrays (#6904).
+* Fix interface localparam dependencies and arbitrary nesting (#6936) (#7128) (#7188) (#7190). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#7000) (#7006). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix errant integer promotion (#7012). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix randc solver hang with wide variables (#7068) (#7248). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix coroutine trace setters (#7078 repair) (#7296). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix vpi_put_value not updating forced read value (#7092) (#7395) (#7092). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix scheduling non-determinism (#7120) (#7162) (#7165). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix parameters inside std::randomize `with` clause  (#7140). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix forcing unpacked variables (#7149). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide conditional short circuiting (#7155).
+* Fix eliminating assignments to DPI-read variables (#7158). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix std::randomize() in static function with static class members (#7167) (#7169). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix resolving default/non-default type parameters (#7171) (#7346) (#7380) (#7385) (#7398) (#7406) (#7398). [em2machine]
+* Fix recursive constant function in $unit scope (#7173) (#7174).
+* Fix class extend references between queues (#7195).
+* Fix library/hier_block tracing when top name is empty (#7200). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface select from sub-interface instance (#7203) (#7370) (#7203). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI force of bit-selected signals (#7211) (#7301). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix `$finish` to immediately stop executing code from non-final blocks (#7213 partial) (#7390).
+* Fix wrong $bits() for parameterized interface struct typedefs (#7218) (#7219). [em2machine]
+* Fix `dist` operator inside constraint if blocks (#7221) (#7224). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix array reduction in constraints crashing with class inheritance (#7226) (#7263). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix soft cross-object constraint priority inversion (#7228) (#7233). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix internal error when derived class calls this.randomize() with inherited rand members (#7229) (#7234). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum range constraints missing for rand variables in sub-objects (#7230) (#7235). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix vpi_put_value release on non-continuous signal (#7231) (#7241). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix functions in generate block resulting in 'Broken link in node' (#7236) (#7367). [em2machine]
+* Fix tracing of typedefed 1D packed arrays with --trace-structs (#7237). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand variable used as array index in constraint evaluated as constant (#7238) (#7247). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix --hierarchical dropping arguments in -f/-F files (#7240). [Clara Sparks]
+* Fix `final` asserts and $stop (#7249). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix MacOS clang PCH compile error with -o flag (#7251) (#7327). [Eunseo Song]
+* Fix vpi_put_value with vpiIntVal on VlWide data (#7256). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix streaming with descending unpacked arrays and unpacked-to-queue (#7287). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix MacOs lexer compile error (#7314) (#7315). [Tracy Narine]
+* Fix linking shared library with its dependencies (#7320). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix modport selection of virtual interface handle (#7321). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input ports driven from outside (#7322). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix static initialization order for packages with class hierarchies (#7324). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix sensitivity of signals to unrelated interface members (#7336). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` imply-delay statement linking (#7337). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lost `$stop` on implied assertion `$error` failures.
+* Fix wait() hang when interface uses process calls and VIF function (#7342). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix error on illegal nand/nor binary operators (#7353).
+* Fix simple array assignment unrolling in slice optimization (#7359). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix missing temporary for DfgSplicePacked (#7361). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface function calls binding to wrong instance (#7363). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input port connections (#7365). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix string `inside` queue (#7373).
+* Fix subclass with rand_mode(0) getting randomized (#7376) (#7383). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI access to Verilog `force`-ed signals (#7381). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix sampling of hierarchical references (#7386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual class inheritance false error (#7403) (#7405). [Nikolay Puzanov]
+* Fix CMake compiler coroutine flags (#7404). [Shogo Yamazaki]
+* Fix delete inside foreach skipping elements (#7407) (#7410)
+* Fix std::randomize in parameterized-derived class (#7409) (#7416). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix virtual interface implied comparison with null (#7421). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix inline constraint on array-indexed randomize target (#7431) (#7434). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix modification of members of object with const handle (#7433). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+
+
+Verilator 5.046 2026-02-28
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support #0 delays with IEEE-1800 compliant semantics (#7079). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+  This may require `-no-sched-zero-delay` to maintain performance vs. previous versions.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add IEEE 4-state type lint checks (#3645 partial) (#6895). [Jose Drowne]
+* Add VERILATOR_NUMA_STRATEGY environment variable (#6826) (#6880). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add decoded Verilog name in JSON output (#6919) (#6995). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Add parsing of solve-before inside foreach (#6934). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error when accessing a non-static class field from a static function (#6948). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add VerilatedContext::useNumaAssign and set on threads() call (#6954). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add coverage type information to verilator_coverage annotation output (#7131) (#7133) (#7148).
+* Add --max-replication option (#7139). [Todd Strader]
+* Support modport expression syntax + nested (#2601) (#5581) (#7005). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support nested interface as port connection (#5066) (#6986). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support solve..before constraints (#5647) (#7123). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support structure initial values (#6130).
+* Support proper automatic/static initialization, and remove STATICVAR warning (#6405) (#7086).
+* Support vpi_put/vpi_get forcing of signals (#5933) (#6704). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support detailed failure info for constraint violations (#6617) (#6883). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `unique` constraints (on 1D static arrays) (#6810) (#6878). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support complex expressions as std::randomize arguments (#6860). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dynamic array elements in std::randomize (#6896). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support unbounded '$' in inside range expressions (#6935) (#6938). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support `extern module` as a forward-declaration that is ignored.
+* Support `foreach` with nested dots (#6991). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support signed multiplication in constraints (#7008). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constraint_mode() on static constraints (#7027) (#7038). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support some system functions in constraint blocks (#7028) (#7036). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support std::randomize() for queue, dynamic array, and associative array variables (#7044). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support inherited and nested pre/post_randomize callbacks (#7049) (#7053). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `$get_initial_random_seed` (#7056) (#7069). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support unique constraint on explicit array element subsets (#7057) (#7064). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked structs (#7060). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support function calls with random arguments in constraints (#7061) (#7083). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support power expressions with constant exponent in constraints (#7073). [Kamil Danecki]
+* Support `disable iff` with sequences (#7090). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `this` keyword inside inline randomize() with {} constraint blocks (#7102) (#7113). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraint dynamic array reduction methods without 'with' clause (#7104) (#7108). [Yilou Wang]
+* Remove deprecated `--xml-only`.
+* Remove deprecated `--make cmake`.
+* Change JSON dumps to not include booleans that are false (#6977).
+* Change metacomment extra underscore error to BADVLTPRAGMA warning (#6968). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change INITIALSTATIC to also report on processes, per IEEE (#7020).
+* Change automatic variables to not be traced.
+* Change type definition error to show type chain with source context (#7151).
+* Optimize string temporaries to not be localized (#6969). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize wide word shifts by multiple of word size (#6970). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize concatenations that produce unused bits in DFG (#6971). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more wide operation temporaries with substitution (#6972). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize right shifts as clean (#6981). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion for concatenations in DFG (#7013). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize removing redundant variables during DFG Peephole pass (#7076). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize additional DFG peephole Shift and Concat patterns (#7077). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize logic and variable removal early in DFG (#7081). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize straight line code in DFG always (#7084). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize always blocks using local temporary variables in DFG (#7085). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize functions inlined from packages in DFG (#7091). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize continuous assignments with function on RHS in DFG (#7096). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVEN with task and default driver (#4045) (#6858). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized virtual interface references that have no model references (#4286).
+* Fix hierarchical interface/modport issues (#5941) (#6997). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix extending class by a typedef (#6679) (#6855). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix variable reference lookup for module-level variables (#6741) (#6882). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false CASEOVERLAP case item expression lint (#6825) (#6886). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix virtual interface triggers (#6844). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use-after-free error (#6846). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix dynamic scheduler temporary variable locations (#6859) (#6926). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#6877). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix large debug_str for emitted Syms headers (#6889). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6890). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix #0 delays to control fork scheduling (#6891). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix member-selected randomization assignments (#6892). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix WIDTHEXTEND suppression on add/sub with single-bit signal. [Dan Katz]
+* Fix segfault in V3Slice (#6899). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked array concatenation function arguments (#6900). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix signedness of packed array (#6901) (#6902). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix assignment of queue from unpacked array (#6906).
+* Fix `foreach` with mid-index empty commas (#6910).
+* Fix internal error when fork under always expression (#6911).
+* Fix error when calling non-static method (#6916). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak in vpi_put_value and vpi_get_value (#6917). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix interface internal type reference (#6920) (#6966). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix segfault after assignment pattern XOR error (#6928) (#6931). [emmettifelts]
+* Fix delayed initial assignment (#6929). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix event triggering (#6932) (#7072) (#7101). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--top-module` with underscores (#6940). [Christopher Batten]
+* Fix variable randomization to better differ by seed (#6945) (#6956). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix null pointer dereference in class member trigger expressions (#6946). [Cameron Waite]
+* Fix type assignments for arrays of parameter types (#6955). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix accessing non-rand struct member in constraints (#6960). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix associative array of events causes C++ compile error (#6962).
+* Fix UNUSED / UNDRIVEN for unused functions (#6967). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix non-inlined function return value clearing (#6982).
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#6983) (#6984). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix virtual interface not found internal error (#7010). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix multidimensional dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#7023). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randomize() null pointer dereference (#7026). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randc cyclic behavior broken with constraints (#7029) (#7035). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inline foreach constraints on dynamic arrays of class objects (#7030) (#7037). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix rand_mode() on nested object variables causing Z3 solver error (#7031) (#7034). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix non-member identifiers used inside constraints (#7033). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix tracing without module inlining to match with inlining (#7041). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix scope tree in traces in hierarchical mode (#7042). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand_mode()/constraint_mode() when used as function arguments (#7051) (#7055). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constraint_mode()/rand_mode() in constructor being overwritten (#7054). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum variables in constraint solver producing invalid enum values (#7058) (#7065). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix randomize() on null object handle crashing instead of returning 0 (#7059) (#7066). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inside operator crash with impure expression and unsized range literals (#7063) (#7067). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constant propagating DPI-written variables (#7074). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix conditional expressions in constraints (#7087). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on $sampled in sensitivity list (#7093). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix time to not advance after `$finish` (#7095).
+* Fix associative array size() constraint generating invalid resize() call (#7103) (#7112). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `new` shallow copy to preserve polymorphic runtime type (#7105) (#7109). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix circular class reference %p-printing causing infinite recursion (#7106).
+* Fix too-short bit pack returning wrong value (#7111).
+* Fix randomize of real (#7115). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Fix inlining of C functions with reloop locals (#7132). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix segfault in EmitCSyms (#7142) (#7143). [Gilberto Abram]
+
+
+Verilator 5.044 2026-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is the last release supporting the deprecated `--xml-only` and
+  `--make cmake` options.
+* Change `--lint-only` and `--json-only` to imply `--timing` (#6790).
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `--unroll-limit` option (#6654) (#6668). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-fno-inline-funcs-eager` option to disable excessive inlining (#6682). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-param`/`-port` options to `public_flat*` control directives (#6685). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `--top` specifying `config` name (#6710). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Add `sc_biguint` pragma (#6712). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `make venv` target (#6775). [Geza Lore]
+* Add SUPERNFIRST error on super.new on non-first statement (#6784). [Artur Bieniek]
+* Add fargs for reusability of `--dump-inputs` output (#6812). [Geza Lore]
+* Add `--quiet-build` to suppress make/compiler informationals.
+* Support `std::randomize(){...}` (#4706) (#6573). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked array elements (partial #4735) (#6787). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `config' (#5891) (#6714) (#6717) (#6745) (#6764). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Support unpacked struct in localparam (#6053 partial) (#6708). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Support `randsequence` (#6131).
+* Support array reference arguments into 'std::randomize()' (#6384) (#6719). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic global constraints (#6551) (#6552). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support SystemC time resolution with step 10/100 (#6633) (#6715). [Aliaksei Chapyzhenka]
+* Support `this.randomize()` with constraints (#6634). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multi-expression sequences (#6639). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `#1step` delay as statement  (#6671). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support clocking output delay `1step` (#6681). [Ondrej Ille]
+* Support parsing of dotted `bins_expression` (#6683). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constant expression cycle delays in sequences (#6691). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support general global constraints (#6709) (#6711). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support complex std::randomize patterns (#6736) (#6737). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand_mode` in global constraint gathering (#6740) (#6752). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support reduction or in constraints (#6840). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support vpiSigned (#6868) (#6870). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Optimize away calls to empty functions (#6626). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize redundant headers in Syms implementation files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize constructor/destructor VerilatedModules (#6660). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize repeated function call during symbol table initialization (#6665). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize functions reading external parameters as pure (#6684). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize `$past` delayed variable reuse (#6689). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize combinational loops through sign extension (#6724). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trace initialization code size (#6749). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles in DFG (#6744) (#6746) (#6744). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize inlining small C functions and add `-inline-cfuncs` (#6815). [Jose Drowne]
+* Fix generate function(s) inside of generate blocks (#1011) (#6789). [em2machine]
+* Fix typedef derived from type defined inside interface (#3441) (#6776). [em2machine]
+* Fix warning lint directive ordering and consistency (#4185) (#5368) (#5610) (#6876).
+* Fix extern function that returns parameterized class (#4924).
+* Fix type deduction for variable parameterized classes (#6281) (#6813). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize called within func/task (#6144) (#6753). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix pre/post_randomize on extended classes (#6467). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix expression short circuiting (#6483). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix resized lvalues with warning suppressed (#6497) (#6816). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix unsupported `if` virtual interface warning (#6558) (#6861). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression coverage of system calls (#6592). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `--timing` with `--x-initial-edge` (#6603) (#6631). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix merging of impure assignments in gate optimization (#6629) (#6630). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix determining Verilator revision when within git submodules without tags.
+* Fix initial random values for verilator-created variables (#6611). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parsing of `with` clause inside covergroups (#6618). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix slice memory overflow on large output arrays (#6636) (#6638). [Jens Yuechao Liu]
+* Fix localparam type assignment from interface type parameters (#6637) (#6732). [em2machine]
+* Fix memory usage statistics on MacOS (#6644). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix command line statistics with --stats (#6645) (#6646). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix slow compilation of generated sampled value code (#6652). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix non-deterministic output when splitting Syms file. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on DFG driver lookup (#6649). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ccache-report with PCH files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class function (#6659) (#6802). [em2machine]
+* Fix local interface parameter hierarchical access (#6661) (#6666). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix splitting of Syms constructor/destructor bodies (#6662). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix long C++ compilation due to VerilatedScope constructors (#6664). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix large array initialization (#6669). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--expand-limit` not respected for expressions (#6670). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix `free` name collision (#6675). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix bounds checking in non-inlined function (#6677). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix stream operator widening (#6693) (#6697). [Jean-Nicolas Strauss]
+* Fix multitop cross references (#6699).
+* Fix DFG independent bits analysis performance (#6713) (#6743). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix deleting linked node error in V3Randomize (#6718). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix runtime worker thread stack sizes on MacOS (#6721). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix X handling in UDPs (#6722) (#6723). [Michael Bikovitsky]
+* Fix `--prof-exec` using `--lib-create`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix fork scheduling semantics (#6730). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix JSON output case statements (#6733).
+* Fix internal fault when cross-class calling with DPI (#6735) (#6742). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix write variable placement for global constraints (#6740) (#6750) (#6797). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix JSON dump missing output ports (#6751) (#6831). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Fix resolution of specialized typedefs (#6754) (#6808) (#6834). [em2machine]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on force / release with complex selects (#6755). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix select assignment expansion (#6757). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with multi-bit clocks (#6759). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG reusing volatile variables. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG assertion on out-of-bounds selects. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process reference giving no return statement error (#6767) (#6823). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class param static not found again error (#6768).
+* Fix crash when super.new() called without a base class (#6772). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix class-in-class extends with parameters (#6773).
+* Fix enum item references in class extends with parameters.
+* Fix reordering of function body inlined on RHS of <= NBA (#6780). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix clang `-Wno-vla-cxx-extension` warning for UVM DPI tests (#6782)
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6783). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix input sampling of clocking block signals (#6788). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix O(n*2) analysis in const-bit-op-tree (#6791). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix member select of variable without randmode (#6800) (#6833). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix duplicate name error with interface initial blocks (#6804) (#6805). [Thomas Dybdahl Ahle]
+* Fix nested struct within parameter port list (#6818) (#6824). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix setting thread count in VerilatedContext (#6826 partial) (#6841). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Fix firing array selects of events (#6829). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix false IMPLICITSTATIC on localparam (#6835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randcase under fork (#6843). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix JSON missing `signed` indication (#6845).
+* Fix class reference throwing cannot detect changes error (#6851).
+* Fix `randc` on extended class (#6852).
+* Fix typedef `::` class reference error (#6862).
+* Fix missing include on FreeBSD (#6864).
+* Fix `--Wwarn-lint` to be inverse of `--Wno-lint`.
+
+
+Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add HIERPARAM error on hierarchical parameter values (#1626) (#6456) (#6484) (#6587) (#6609) (#6621) (#6623). [Todd Strader] [Luca Rufer] [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add error on zero/negative unpacked dimensions (#1642). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Add verilator_gantt profiling of DPI imports (#3084). [Geza Lore]
+* Add ASSIGNEQEXPR when use `=` inside expressions (#5567). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Add error on non-packed struct randc (#5999). [Seth Pellegrino]
+* Add configure `--enable-dev-asan` to compile verilator_bin with the address sanitizer (#6404). [Geza Lore]
+* Add $(LDFLAGS) and $(LIBS) to when building shared libraries (#6425) (#6426). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Add IMPLICITSTATIC also on procedure variables.
+* Add FUNCTIMCTL error on function invoking task or time-controlling statements (#6385).
+* Add error on `virtual new` (#6486). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on ranges with tristate values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add NORETURN warning on functions without return values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add `--aslr` and `--no-aslr` options.
+* Add `$cpure` (#6580). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--preproc-defines`.
+* Deprecate sensitivity list on public_flat_rw attributes (#6443). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate clocker attribute and --clk option (#6463). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate '--make cmake' option (#6540). [Geza Lore]
+* Change default `--expand-limit` to 256 (#3419).
+* Change developer coverage flow and add configure `--enable-dev-gcov` (#6526). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `verilator_difftree` to return exit code 1 on mismatch, 2 on error.
+* Change default thread pool sizes to respect processor affinity (#6604). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `--preproc-comments` to be new name of `--pp-comments` option.
+* Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
+* Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support assert under assert (#6146). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support impure expressions in `inside` (#6562). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `case` impure expressions (#6563). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dotted access to ports of a direct hier_block instance. (#6595). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `lint_off` to allow multiple messages and comments (#2755).
+* Improve automatic selection of logic for DFG synthesis (#6370). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `covergroup with function sample` handling  (#6387). [Jakub Wasilewski]
+* Improve DFG type system (#6390). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve DFG variable removal and temporary insertion (#6401). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve memory usage of statistics (#6513). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve conditional merging to preserve branch prediction. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize duplicate 'if' and '?:' conditions (#3807) (#6495)
+* Optimize dead functions in more cases (#6380) (#6430). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize constant folding in wide expression expansion (#6381). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--trace-max-width` and increase to 4096. (#2385).
+* Fix missing BLKSEQ when connecting module port to array (#2973).
+* Fix LATCH warning with CASEINCOMPLETE (#3301).
+* Fix unused parameterized class causing internal error (#4013). [Alberto Del Rio]
+* Fix false CONSTVAR error on initializers (#4992).
+* Fix hierarchical references with parameterized modules and interfaces (#5649) (#6566). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface exposure with `--public-depth` or `--trace-depth` (#5758).
+* Fix cell scoping performance (#6059). [Jerry Tianchen]
+* Fix hierarchical `--prof-pgo` (#6213). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix while loop hang on timing-delayed assignment (#6343) (#6354). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driver analysis of partially assigned variables (#6364) (#6378). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Hash MacOS ambiguity (#6350). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix cmake APPLE variable (#6351). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix randomize local after parameters applied (#6371). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix package imports not found after parameters applied (#6373). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix deep shift pattern performance (#6379) (#6420). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix COVERAGEIGN-ignored `get_inst_coverage` and other covergroup methods (#6383). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix error when modport variable is unresolved (#6386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix resolving parameters (#6388) (#6418) (#6421) (#6438) (#6429). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wire array with initial assignment (#6391). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix import of class with default params (#6396) (#6410) (#6413). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use after free in elaboration (#6403). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix address sanitizer issues (#6406). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing control under fork under function (#6407). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leaks and reduce requirements (#6411) (#6417) (#6419) (#6437) (#6439) (#6517). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameter implicit type from string (#6414). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix parsing for sequence expressions (#6427). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class super functions (#6431) (#6438). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix external function declarations with class typedef references (#6433).
+* Fix internal error on out-of-bounds real array access.
+* Fix pre/post increments in assertions (#6434).
+* Fix elaboration displays with `%m` and some `%p` (#6445) (#6451). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix cast in gdbinit.py (#6447). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false unique assertions on `else ;` (#6450). [Don Owen]
+* Fix loss of clock attribute in DFG variable removal (#6453). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix data types of method calls without parenthesis (#6457). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segfault on unsupported PLI calls (#6458). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false assertion failure on failed DFG driver tracing (#6459). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix side effects when using select (#6460). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix timeprecision backward assignment (#6469). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix splitting hierarchically referenced variables (#6475). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows compilation of Verilator with spaces in the path (#6477). [Fabian Keßler-Schulz]
+* Fix PROTOTYPEMIS error on implicit logic (#6482). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix configure misdetecting C++14 (#6488) (#6515). [Thomas O'Keeffe]
+* Fix false BLKSEQ on non-edged sensitivity list (#6492). [Oron Port]
+* Fix .vlt public_flat* and others to support long identifier names (#6516). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix always_ff on constants (#6519). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix fault on operations on uninitialized strings (#6520). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix find_index methods of associative arrays (#6525). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parsing of `eventually[]` and property expression memory leaks (#6530). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak for unsupported `$past` (#6535). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix inconsistent force assignment (#6541). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing with partial assignments. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix passing typedef value as parameter (#6543) (#6547). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix indent error on quoted strings (#6544).
+* Fix incorrect nested interface-class error (#6549). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix std::process::get_randstate to not affect random stability (#6550) (#6565). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix exit code signal number reporting (#6554). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$finish` inside fork blocks (#6555). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix single element unpacked array DPI parameters. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG synthesis non-determinism (#6557) (#6568). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix side effects for improved function/task/process purity (#6559). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix excessive logic replication in DFG circular driver tracing (#6561) (#6594). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical with parameterized instances under hier block (#6572). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault on type casts (#6574). [David Moberg]
+* Fix references to interfaces containing generate blocks (#6579). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix missing net type mappings in FST traces (#6582) (#6583). [Matt Stroud]
+* Fix function call expression coverage (#6589). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3Life eliminating assignments across timing controls (#6593) (#6596). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix incorrectly resuming process waiting on multiple events (#6597). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--hierarchical` with `--binary` (#6602). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix mis-ignoring virtual interface member triggers (#5116 reopened) (#6613). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ENUMVALUE warning when overriding parameter using `-G/-pvalue` options. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `-G` and `-pvalue` with `--hierarchical`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix waiving messages with empty contents (#6610). [Yoshitomo KANEDA]
+* Fix constant-arrayed instance parameters (#6614). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
 Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
 ==========================
 
@@ -111,6 +635,8 @@ Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
 * Fix wide select expansion and substitution (#6341) (#6345). [Geza Lore]
 * Fix upcasting class type parameters (#6344). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix undefined weak link for Apple GCC etc (#6348). [Congcong Cai]
+* Fix emitting unbounded parameters (#6912).
+* Fix syntax error on unsupported defparam array (#6915).
 
 
 Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
@@ -320,6 +846,7 @@ Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
 * Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
 * Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
 * Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize some DFG multiplexers (#6822). [Yangyu Chen]
 * Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
 * Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
@@ -5269,9 +5796,9 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========
 
-Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001-2025 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

LICENSE

@@ -1,165 +1,304 @@
-                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
 
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
 
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
-the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
-License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
 
-  0. Additional Definitions.
+0. Additional Definitions.
 
-  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
-General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
-General Public License.
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
 
-  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
-other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
 
-  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
-by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
-Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
-of using an interface provided by the Library.
+An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
 
-  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
-Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
-with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
-Version".
+A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
 
-  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
-Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
-for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
-based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
 
-  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
-object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
-and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
-Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
 
-  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
 
-  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
-without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
 
-  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
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+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
+
+A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/Apache-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Apache License
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
+
+"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
+
+"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
+
+     (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+     (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
+
+     (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
+
+     (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
+
+     You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
+
+Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

LICENSES/Artistic-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+The Artistic License 2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Preamble
+
+This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over the development of that Package while still keeping the Package available as open source and free software.
+
+You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a different licensing arrangement.
+
+Definitions
+
+     "Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in the copyright notice for the entire Package.
+
+     "Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's procedures.
+
+     "You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or modify the Package.
+
+     "Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified Version.
+
+     "Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization, to others outside of your company or organization.
+
+     "Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does not mean licensing fees.
+
+     "Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
+
+     "Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and configuration files for the Package.
+
+     "Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of the Source form.
+
+Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
+
+(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you do not Distribute the Modified Version.
+
+Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
+
+(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction, either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form of the Package.
+
+(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will be subject to the Original License.
+
+Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
+
+(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+     (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
+     (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent the user installing or running the Standard Version. In addition, the Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the Standard Version.
+     (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
+
+          (i) the Original License or
+          (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.
+
+Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified Versions without the Source
+
+(5)  You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution. If you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
+
+(6)  You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the Source of the Modified Version.
+
+Aggregating or Linking the Package
+
+(7)  You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other components in the aggregation are permitted. The terms of this license apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions as included in the aggregation.
+
+(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
+
+Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
+
+(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms of this license.
+
+General Provisions
+
+(10)  Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
+
+(11)  If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.
+
+(12)  This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
+
+(13)  This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
+
+(14)  Disclaimer of Warranty:
+THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/BSD-2-Clause.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/BSD-3-Clause.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/CC0-1.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
+
+CC0 1.0 Universal
+
+    CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE
+    LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN
+    ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS
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+    REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS
+    PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
+    THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED
+    HEREUNDER.
+
+Statement of Purpose
+
+The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer
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+
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+1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be
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+
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+
+2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention
+of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently,
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LICENSES/ISC.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ISC License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2004-2010 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Internet Software Consortium
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LICENSES/LGPL-3.0-only.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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+In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
+
+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
+
+A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-Altera-No-Warranty.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+This Verilog file was developed by Altera Corporation.  It may be
+freely copied and/or distributed at no cost.  Any persons using this
+file for any purpose do so at their own risk, and are responsible for
+the results of such use.  Altera Corporation does not guarantee that
+this file is complete, correct, or fit for any particular purpose.
+NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.  This notice must
+accompany any copy of this file.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-IEEE-1800.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+This license is used on IEEE files where there is a permitted use of
+standards, including copying strictly necessary to implement normative
+interfaces defined by the standard. Refer to IEEE SA Operations Manual
+Clause 6.1 and IEEE Standards Permission policies.
+
+--
+
+Copyright 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+IEEE, 802, and POSIX are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent &
+Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Incorporated.
+
+IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and
+international copyright laws.  They are made available by IEEE and are
+adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include
+both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private
+self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering
+practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and
+adoption by public authorities and private users, neither IEEE nor its
+licensors waive any rights in copyright to the documents.

LICENSES/MIT.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

LICENSES/Unlicense.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

Makefile.in

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test-snap test-diff:
 
 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -397,9 +398,12 @@ CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
 CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
 CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
 CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
-CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
+CHECK_H = $(filter-out \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_package.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_rev.h, \
+  $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
-  $(srcdir)/src/*.h )
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.h ))
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
@@ -440,7 +444,9 @@ cppcheck:
 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
   -header-filter='.*' \
-  -checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+  -checks='*,-abseil-*,-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+
+# Good checks: -checks='-*,bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition,google-build-using-namespace,google-readability-casting,modernize-use-default-member-init,modernize-use-emplace,modernize-use-equals-default,modernize-use-equals-delete,modernize-use-nullptr,performance-faster-string-find,readability-isolate-declaration,readability-redundant-control-flow,readability-redundant-member-init,readability-redundant-string-cstr,readability-uppercase-literal-suffix
 
 CLANGTIDY_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cpp.tidy,$(CHECK_CPP))
 CLANGTIDY_DEFS = -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1
@@ -459,23 +465,19 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py
-
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
-CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
-CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
-
-format-c clang-format:
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
-	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
-
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
-
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \
 
 # CMake files
 CMAKE_FILES = \
@@ -494,6 +496,12 @@ MAKE_FILES = \
   src/Makefile*.in \
   test_regress/Makefile* \
 
+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
 # Python programs, subject to format and lint
 PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_ccache_report \
@@ -501,56 +509,106 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_gantt \
   bin/verilator_includer \
   bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-  docs/guide/conf.py \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
+  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
+  nodist/dot_importer \
+  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
+  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
+  nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
+  nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_bisect \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
   src/astgen \
   src/bisonpre \
   src/config_rev \
   src/flexfix \
   src/vlcovgen \
-  src/.gdbinit.py \
   test_regress/*.py \
   test_regress/t/*.pf \
-  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-  nodist/code_coverage \
-  nodist/dot_importer \
-  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
-  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
-  nodist/install_test \
-  nodist/log_changes \
 
 # Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
   $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-  nodist/code_coverage.dat \
   test_regress/t/*.py \
 
 # Python files, test_regress tests
 PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py
 
-YAPF = yapf3
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \
+
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
+CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
+CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
+
+format-c clang-format:
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
+
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+
+MBAKE = mbake
+MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/t_*.py
+	-chmod a-x test_regress/t/*.v
+
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
+	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
+
+YAPF = yapf
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
 	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
-GERSEMI = gersemi
-GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
 
-format-cmake:
-	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
 
-MBAKE = mbake
-MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+######################################################################
+# Lint
 
-format-make:
-	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
-
-format-yaml: yamlfix
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
 
 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
@@ -561,7 +619,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -572,9 +639,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure
 
@@ -597,6 +661,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean
 
@@ -607,8 +814,8 @@ maintainer-clean::
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -622,12 +829,12 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
 	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -652,3 +859,21 @@ preexist:
 
 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies, with explicit retry
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt || \
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"

README.rst

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 .. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
 .. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 |badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 .. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
 .. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
 .. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
 .. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
 .. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
-    :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
 
 
 Welcome to Verilator
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
         * Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
         * Performs lint code-quality checks
         * Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
-        * Creates XML to front-end your own tools
+        * Creates JSON to front-end your own tools
      - |Logo|
    * - |verilator multithreaded performance|
      - **Fast**
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
    * - **Widely Used**
         * Wide industry and academic deployment
         * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
    * - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -53,36 +56,38 @@ Welcome to Verilator
 What Verilator Does
 ===================
 
-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
 files, the "Verilated" code.
 
-These Verilated C++/SystemC files are then compiled by a C++ compiler
-(gcc/clang/MSVC++), optionally along with a user's own C++/SystemC wrapper
-file, to instantiate the Verilated model. Executing the resulting
-executable performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking
-Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
+Verilator can automatically generate a simulator executable (using
+``--binary``), or users can write their own C++/SystemC wrapper to
+instantiate the model. The resulting Verilated executable performs the
+design simulation. Verilator also supports linking Verilator-generated
+libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
 
-Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
-replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
-mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
-designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
+Verilator supports all design constructs, most verification constructs,
+intra-assignment delays (e.g, `#10`), and events. Tristate-bus (`z`) and
+unknowns (`x`) are handled in limited contexts, in a special manor for
+performance. It currently may not be the best choice if you are expecting a
+full-featured replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, performing
+SDF annotation, or mixed-signal simulation. However, if you are looking for
+a path to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed
+simulation, Verilator is the tool for you.
 
 
 Performance
 ===========
 
-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).
 
 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -100,8 +105,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -131,26 +136,33 @@ organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
 Related Projects
 ================
 
+- `Cocotb <https://www.cocotb.org/>`_ - A coroutine-based cosimulation
+  library for writing testbenches in Python which officially supports
+  Verilator.
+
 - `GTKwave <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
   Verilator traces.
 
 - `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
   simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.
 
+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+
 
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.
 
-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png

REUSE.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator default licensing for "reuse lint"
+
+version = 1
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "**/.gitattributes",
+    "**/.gitignore",
+    ".clang-format",
+    ".clang-tidy",
+    ".codacy.yml",
+    ".devcontainer/devcontainer.json",
+    ".github/**",
+    ".pre-commit-hooks.yaml",
+    ".style.yapf",
+    "CITATION.cff",
+    "CPPLINT.cfg",
+    "docs/CONTRIBUTORS",
+    "docs/spelling.txt",
+    "docs/verilated.dox",
+    "examples/**/*.vc",
+    "install-sh",
+    "test_regress/.gdbinit",
+    "test_regress/input.vc",
+    "test_regress/input.xsim.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/*.dat",
+    "test_regress/t/*.gprof",
+    "test_regress/t/*.mem",
+    "test_regress/t/*.out",
+    "test_regress/t/*.tree",
+    "test_regress/t/*.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/t_lint_bsspace_bad.v",
+    "verilator.pc.in",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "docs/_static/**",
+    "docs/gen/*.rst",
+    "docs/guide/figures/**",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "test_regress/t/uvm/**"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = [
+    "2010-2017 Mentor Graphics Corporation",
+    "2010-2013 Synopsys, Inc.",
+    "2010-2018 Cadence Design Systems, Inc.",
+    "2013 NVIDIA Corporation",
+]
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "Apache-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "include/gtkwave/lz4.*"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2011-2023 Yann Collet"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "BSD-2-Clause"

bin/redirect

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################

bin/verilator

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }
 
 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");
 
 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
           "debug"            => \&debug,
           # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
           # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
           "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
           "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
           "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
     # Generic GDB interactive
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +117,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
     # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "gdb"
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -135,19 +138,19 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
         );
 
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . $valgrind_bin
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
     # Debug
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
-    # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    # Normal, non-gdb
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +195,45 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
     }
+    return "";
 }
 
 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        if ($^O eq "darwin") {
+            my $membytes = `sysctl -n hw.memsize`;
+            chomp $membytes;
+            my $ncpu = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`;
+            chomp $ncpu;
+            $limit = int(int($membytes / 1024) / $ncpu / 8);
+        } else {
+            open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+            while (<$fh>) {
+                if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                    $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                    last;
+                }
+            }
+            close($fh);
+        }
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
     if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -227,17 +254,18 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
@@ -245,8 +273,8 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +339,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
     --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
     --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
@@ -322,10 +351,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
     --cc                        Create C++ output
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
+    --constraint-array-limit <size>   Maximum array size for constraint array reduction
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
     --coverage                  Enable all coverage
     --coverage-expr             Enable expression coverage
@@ -352,6 +380,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
     --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
     --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
@@ -370,6 +399,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -f <file>                  Parse arguments from a file
      -FI <file>                 Force include of a file
     --flatten                   Force inlining of all modules, tasks and functions
+    --func-recursion-depth <value>  Maximum recursive constant function depth
     --future0 <option>          Ignore an option for compatibility
     --future1 <option>          Ignore an option with argument for compatibility
      -fno-<optimization>        Disable internal optimization stage
@@ -382,11 +412,15 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
     --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
      +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
@@ -398,8 +432,10 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
     --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
     --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
     --main                      Generate C++ main() file
@@ -414,6 +450,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +notimingchecks            Ignored
      -o <executable>            Name of final executable
      -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
     --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
@@ -429,8 +467,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
     --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
     --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
     --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -448,15 +487,18 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
     --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
     --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
     --reloop-limit <value>      Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --replication-limit <value> Replication concatenation limit (default: 8k)
     --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
     --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
     --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
     --savable                   Enable model save-restore
     --sc                        Create SystemC output
+    --sched-zero-delay          Specify #0 delay support
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     --stats                     Create statistics file
     --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
@@ -464,7 +506,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-std-package            Prevent parsing standard package
     --no-std-waiver             Prevent parsing standard lint waivers
     --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
-    --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
      -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
      +systemverilogext+<ext>    Synonym for +1800-2023ext+<ext>
     --threads <threads>         Enable multithreading
@@ -492,6 +533,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
     --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
     --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
     --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
     --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
      -V                         Verbose version and config
@@ -521,8 +563,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
-    --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
-    --xml-output                XML output filename
      -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules
 
 This is a short summary of the simulation runtime arguments, i.e. for the
@@ -545,15 +585,17 @@ description of these arguments.
      +verilator+quiet                      Minimize additional printing
      +verilator+rand+reset+<value>         Set random reset technique
      +verilator+seed+<value>               Set random seed
+     +verilator+solver+file+<filename>     Set random solver log filename
      +verilator+V                          Show verbose version and config
      +verilator+version                    Show version and exit
+     +verilator+wno+unsatconstr+<value>    Disable constraint warnings
 
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -16,18 +17,15 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}
 
 
-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
     return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 
 
@@ -53,37 +51,39 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
             match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
             if match:
                 assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
 
-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 #
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ if (! GetOptions (
     pod2usage(-exitstatus => 2, -verbose => 0);
 }
 
-# Normal, non gdb
+# Normal, non-gdb
 run(verilator_coverage_bin()
     . " " . join(' ', @Opt_Verilator_Sw));
 
@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
         if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -189,11 +192,12 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 =head1 SEE ALSO

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################
 
 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 
+exit_code = 0
 
-def diff(a, b):
 
+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
     if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
         diff_dir(a, b)
     elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
         diff_file(a, b)
     else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
 
     for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
         base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
     # Compare the two tree files
     short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
     short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):
 
     filterf(a, tmp_a)
     filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
     os.unlink(tmp_a)
     os.unlink(tmp_b)
 
-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2
 
 
-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
     # Remove hex numbers before diffing
     with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
         with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,13 +107,16 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-lineno',
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
         thread = 0
+        thread_last_ecpu = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
         global ExecGraphTime
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ def read_data(filename):
                                                              tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
                     ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
                     ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
-                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
                     start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
                     WaitingTime += tick - start
                     ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def report():
+def report() -> None:
     print("Verilator Gantt report")
 
     print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -215,12 +220,12 @@ def report():
     print()
 
 
-def report_numa():
+def report_numa() -> None:
     print("\nNUMA assignment:")
     print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])
 
 
-def report_mtasks():
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
     if not Mtasks:
         return
 
@@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))
 
 
-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
     print("\nCPU info:")
 
     Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -372,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                 Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True
 
 
-def report_sections():
+def report_sections() -> None:
     for thread, section in Sections.items():
         if section:
             print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
             report_section(section)
 
 
-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
@@ -431,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
     print("Writing %s" % filename)
     with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)
@@ -608,12 +613,13 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
-# of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
-# Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify the
+# Verilator internals under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 #
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ######################################################################
 

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     funcs = {}
 
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                 calls = float(match.group(3))
                 func = match.group(4)
                 if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                 funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                 funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                 funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
     print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
     for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('filename', help='input gprof output to process')

ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI dependency install script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -34,13 +30,20 @@ elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   MAKE=gmake
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+fi
+
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
 fi
 
 install-vcddiff() {
   TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
   git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
-  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout dca845020668887fd13498c772939814d9264fd5
+  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout 4db0d84a27e8f148b127e916fc71d650837955c5
   "$MAKE" -C "${TMP_DIR}"
   sudo cp "${TMP_DIR}/vcddiff" /usr/local/bin
 }
@@ -53,32 +56,36 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update ||
     sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev
     if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
       # Some conflict of libunwind verison on 22.04, can live without it for now
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev
     fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
     fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    brew update ||
     brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man ||
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
     sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -89,16 +96,18 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update ||
     sudo apt-get update
     # libfl-dev needed for internal coverage's test runs
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
     # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold
     fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     # fst2vcd fails with "Could not open '<input file>', exiting."
     sudo pkg install -y ccache gmake perl5 python3 jq z3
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
   fi
   # Common installs
   install-vcddiff
@@ -117,5 +126,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
   ##############################################################################
   # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI main job script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -27,11 +23,13 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
   export MAKE=make
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   export MAKE=gmake
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 NPROC=$(expr $NPROC '+' 1)
 
@@ -39,23 +37,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Build verilator
 
-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -86,39 +88,36 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
   fi
 
-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-22.04' ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-24.04' ]] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
-     mv nodist "$NODIST"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
+    # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+    "$MAKE" install
+    mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
+    mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
+    export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+    TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
+    mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+    NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
+    mv nodist "$NODIST"
+    # Feeling brave?
+    find . -delete
+    ls -la .
   fi
 
   # Run the specified test
   ccache -z
   case $TESTS in
     dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
       ;;
     vltmt-0)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
@@ -129,74 +128,71 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     vltmt-2)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
       ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
-      ;;
     coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     *)
-      fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"
+      fatal "Unknown TESTS: $TESTS"
       ;;
   esac
 
@@ -208,5 +204,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
   ##############################################################################
   # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi

ci/ci-win-compile.ps1

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Compile Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 

ci/ci-win-test.ps1

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Verilate a test
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 

ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for env to build and fully test Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
                         libclang-rt-18-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         libsystemc \
                         libsystemc-dev \
                         numactl \

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:
 
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:
 
--  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
 
--  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)
 
--  Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
 
 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-18 -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the start of the container:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:
 
 ::
 

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e
 # DESCRIPTION: Build Verilator (inside container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"
 
 SRCS=$PWD/verilator

ci/docker/run/Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for image to run Verilator inside
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         help2man \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         numactl \
                         perl \
                         perl-doc \

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version
 
-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.
 
-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
    ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v
 
 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:
 
 ::
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.
 
 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.

ci/docker/run/hooks/build

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to pass SOURCE_COMMIT
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker build --build-arg SOURCE_COMMIT=${SOURCE_COMMIT} -f $DOCKERFILE_PATH -t $IMAGE_NAME .

ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to tag the latest release (stable)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi

ci/docker/run/verilator-docker

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a verilator call to run a docker container
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker pull verilator/verilator:$1 >/dev/null

ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh

@@ -2,30 +2,30 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a Verilator call and copy vlt includes
 #              (inside docker container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi
 
 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi
 
 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi

codecov.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
-# General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.040 2025-08-30],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.047 devel],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -57,6 +58,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
                CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)
 
+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc and jemalloc.  Does not
+                               affect Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -69,22 +86,48 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                 *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
                esac],
               [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi
 
-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable linking Verilator with jemalloc if available
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use jemalloc)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([jemalloc],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jemalloc],
+                              [Use libjemalloc for faster dynamic memory
+                               management in Verilator binary. Preferred over
+                               tcmalloc when both are available
+                               @<:@default=check@:>@])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-jemalloc]) ;;
+               esac],
+              [CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=check;])
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC)
+fi
+
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                                For developers only.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
                esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -379,7 +422,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    ])
 
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -391,11 +434,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
   #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
   # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -433,11 +484,21 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -448,16 +509,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)
 
 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -487,10 +554,12 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
         [-Wno-tautological-compare],
         [-Wno-uninitialized],
+        [-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
         [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
     # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
     CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -521,8 +590,10 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libstdc++)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -Xlinker -gc-sections)
   LTCMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
+  LJEMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libjemalloc.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
 else
   LTCMALLOC=-ltcmalloc_minimal
+  LJEMALLOC=-ljemalloc
 fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
@@ -538,11 +609,38 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -latomic)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lbcrypt)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lpsapi)
 
+# Check if jemalloc is available based on --enable-jemalloc
+# jemalloc is preferred over tcmalloc when both are available
+CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=no
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
+  $LJEMALLOC,
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" != "no"; then
+    CFG_LIBS="$LJEMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=yes;
+    # If using jemalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
+    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_JEMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have jemalloc])
+   fi],
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-jemalloc was given but test for ${LJEMALLOC} failed])
+   fi])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_JEMALLOC)
+
 # Check if tcmalloc is available based on --enable-tcmalloc
+# Only use tcmalloc if jemalloc was not found/enabled
+if test "$CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([jemalloc found, skipping tcmalloc check])
+else
+CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=no
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
   $LTCMALLOC,
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
     CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=yes;
     # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
     # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
@@ -554,6 +652,7 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
     AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
    fi])
+fi
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 
@@ -562,18 +661,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
    [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
     # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
      [_my_result=no])
    ])
 

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Contributing to Verilator
 =========================
 
@@ -23,8 +26,8 @@ Did you find a Verilator bug?
     demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.
 
   - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
@@ -38,18 +41,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.
 
 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
-- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.
 
-- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:
 
   - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
     <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -75,9 +78,9 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
 Do you have questions on Verilator?
 -----------------------------------
 
-- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
 
 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
   <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
+Alex Zhou
 Aliaksei Chapyzhenka
 Ameya Vikram Singh
 Andrea Calabrese
@@ -25,21 +26,24 @@ Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
 Artur Bieniek
+AUDIY
 Aylon Chaim Porat
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
 Brian Li
 Cameron Kirk
+Cameron Waite
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
 Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
-Danny Oler
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
 Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
@@ -56,9 +60,10 @@ Driss Hafdi
 Edgar E. Iglesias
 Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
+Eunseo Song
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
@@ -94,6 +99,9 @@ Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Michalski
+Jakub Wasilewski
+jalcim
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -103,6 +111,8 @@ Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
@@ -121,15 +131,18 @@ John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
 Josh Redford
+Julian Carrier
 Julian Daube
 Julie Schwartz
 Julien Margetts
 Justin Thiel
 Kaleb Barrett
+Kamil Danecki
 Kamil Rakoczy
 Kanad Kanhere
 Kefa Chen
@@ -144,7 +157,9 @@ Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
 Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
+Leela Pakanati
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
 Ludwig Rogiers
@@ -152,6 +167,7 @@ Lukasz Dalek
 Maarten De Braekeleer
 Maciej Sobkowski
 Marcel Chang
+Marco Bartoli
 Marco Widmer
 Mariusz Glebocki
 Markus Krause
@@ -160,8 +176,10 @@ Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
 Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
 Max Wipfli
+Maxim Fonarev
 Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
@@ -179,6 +197,7 @@ Nathan Graybeal
 Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
 Nick Brereton
+Nikolay Puzanov
 Nolan Poe
 Oleh Maksymenko
 Patrick Stewart
@@ -186,6 +205,7 @@ Paul Bowen-Huggett
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
 Peter Birch
@@ -201,6 +221,7 @@ Piotr Binkowski
 Qingyao Sun
 Quentin Corradi
 Rafal Kapuscik
+Rahul Behl
 Rasfunk
 Raynard Qiao
 Ricardo Barbedo
@@ -209,6 +230,7 @@ Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
 Robin Heinemann
 Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
+Rowan Goemans
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
@@ -218,6 +240,7 @@ Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
 Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
+Shogo Yamazaki
 Shou-Li Hsu
 Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
@@ -226,6 +249,8 @@ Steven Hugg
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
 Tobias Jensen
@@ -236,6 +261,7 @@ Tom Manner
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
+Tracy Narine
 Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
@@ -247,7 +273,9 @@ Varun Koyyalagunta
 Vassilis Papaefstathiou
 Veripool API Bot
 Victor Besyakov
+Vikash Patel
 Vito Gamberini
+Wei-Lun Chiu
 William D. Jones
 Wilson Snyder
 Xi Zhang
@@ -266,7 +294,11 @@ Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
 Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
+apocelipes
+dependabot[bot]
 february cozzocrea
 sumpster
+em2machine
+emmettifelts
 Àlex Torregrosa
 Ícaro Lima

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################

docs/README.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Verilator Documentation
 =======================
 
@@ -10,8 +13,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxExtract:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             fhw = None
             for line in fhr:
@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to extract from')

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxFix:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
             self._edit(path)
 
-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
         is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             origfile = fhr.read()
@@ -53,12 +52,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to edit')

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3,5
+
+     assign d_o =  // Note = not == below
+         (
+         e_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? 1 : (
+         e_o = 0  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? b_i : 0;

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-      // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_msg.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 .. code-block::
    :emphasize-lines: 1,2
 
-   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:4 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
-       7 |    /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
-         |    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_faulty.rst

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
 
-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] b)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_faulty.rst

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 2,5
 
-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_faulty.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      sub sub();  // <--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   module sub
-     (output port);
+     sub sub ();  // <--- Warning
    endmodule
+   module sub (
+       output port
+   );

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_pinmissing_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Instance has missing pin: 'port'
+   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:7 Instance has missing pin: 'port'

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_faulty.rst

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 1,5
 
-      logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
+     logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (enable) begin
-            flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (enable) begin
+         flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_fixed.rst

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 5
 
-      logic flop2_out;
+     logic flop2_out;
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (!reset_l) begin
-            flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
-         end
-         else if (enable) begin
-            flop2_out <= ~in;
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (!reset_l) begin
+         flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
+       end
+       else if (enable) begin
+         flop2_out <= ~in;
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_msg.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:21 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
+   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:20 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
                                                          : ... note: In instance 't'
                                                          : ... Location of variable initialization
-      26 |    logic flop_out = 1;
-         |                     ^
-                         example.v:1:10 ... Location of variable process write
-                                                         : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
-      30 |          flop_out <= ~in;
-         |          ^~~~~~~~
+      26 |   logic flop_out = 1;
+         |                    ^
+                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of variable process write
+                                                        : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
+      30 |       flop_out <= ~in;
+         |       ^~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-         #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning
+       #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_stmtdly_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:7 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing
+   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:5 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing

docs/gen/ex_SUPERNFIRST_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_class_new_supernfirst_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     function new();
+       int x = $random();
+       super.new(build_coverage(x), x);  // <--- BAD, must be first statement