Support until_with property (#7290 partial) (#7436 )

Fix inline constraint on array-indexed randomize target (#7431 ) (#7434 )
Fixes #7431.
2026-10-02 16:13:34 +02:00 · 2026-04-17 06:33:36 -04:00 · 2026-04-16 11:02:22 -04:00 · 2026-04-16 09:43:12 -04:00 · 2026-04-15 17:46:08 -04:00 · 2026-04-15 17:45:48 -04:00
9196 changed files with 754769 additions and 1394953 deletions
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# mbake configuration file
+# DESCRIPTION: mbake configuration file
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0

 [formatter]
 # Indentation settings
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*'
+Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*,-boost-use-ranges'
 WarningsAsErrors: ''
 HeaderFilterRegex: ''
 FormatStyle:     none
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020-2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
---
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
---
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''

 How may we help - what is your question?

-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      everything:
+        patterns: ["*"]
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: build-test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
+
+jobs:
+
+  build-2404-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2404-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
+
+  build-2204-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2204-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
+
+  test-2404-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2404-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 clang
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 clang, also test relocation
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  lint-py:
+    name: Lint Python
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
---
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: build
-
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-
-  build-2404-gcc:
-    name: Build
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc}
-
-  build-2404-clang:
-    name: Build
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang}
-
-  build-2204-gcc:
-    name: Build
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc}
-
-  build-2204-clang:
-    name: Build
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang}
-
-  test-2404-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    needs: build-2404-gcc
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 gcc
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
-
-  test-2404-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    needs: build-2404-clang
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 clang
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
-
-  test-2204-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    needs: build-2204-gcc
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 gcc
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
-
-  test-2204-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    needs: build-2204-clang
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
-    with:
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 clang, also test relocation
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
-
-  lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
  pull_request:
  workflow_dispatch:
 permissions:
@@ -14,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
    name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py
@@ -2,96 +2,213 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage

 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]

 permissions:
  contents: read

-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
-
 defaults:
  run:
    shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}

 jobs:

-  Build:
+  build:
+    name: Build
    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1

-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
        num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
        include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}

-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v6
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov || \
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
          path: ${{ github.workspace }}

-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
        run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6

      - name: Extract context variables
        run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Docker meta
        id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        with:
          images: |
            ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ jobs:
            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}

      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
        with:
          buildkitd-flags: --debug

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        with:
          context: ${{ env.build_context }}
@@ -5,40 +5,43 @@
 name: format
 on:
  push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
 permissions:
  contents: write
+
 jobs:
  format:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Ubuntu 22.04 | format
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    name: Ubuntu 24.04 | format
    env:
      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Install packages for build
        env:
          CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
        run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-14 yapf3 &&
-          sudo pip3 install gersemi mbake &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18 || \
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
          git config --global user.name "github action"
      - name: Format code
        run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-14 &&
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+          make venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
          git status
      - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
          if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
            git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
            git push origin
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
---
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+# Block PRs against stable branch
+name: "Check PR not against 'stable'"
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [stable]
+
+jobs:
+  block-pr:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Fail and block PR
+        run: |-
+          echo "Error: Pull requests directly to 'stable' are not allowed. Please PR against 'master'."
+          exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows"]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 name: reusable-build
@@ -8,16 +7,32 @@ name: reusable-build
 on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
        required: true
        type: string
-      cc:  # gcc or clang
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
        required: true
        type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}

 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -32,30 +47,33 @@ defaults:
 jobs:

  build:
+    name: Build
    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-build | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
    env:
      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
    steps:
-
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history

      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
        env:
          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
        with:
          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
          restore-keys: |
            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-

@@ -65,12 +83,17 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash

-      - name: Tar up repository
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Install python dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install python3-clang || \
+          sudo apt install python3-clang
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 name: reusable-rtlmeter-build
@@ -32,18 +31,23 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev

      - name: Use saved ccache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
        with:
          path: ccache
          key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
          restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          path: repo
          fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
        run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install

      - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
@@ -8,6 +7,10 @@ name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
 on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: "Unique identifier for storing results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
      runs-on:
        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
        type: string
@@ -52,11 +55,16 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update || \
          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev || \
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libjemalloc-dev libsystemc-dev

      - name: Download Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}

@@ -67,14 +75,14 @@ jobs:

      - name: Use saved ccache
        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
        with:
          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
          key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
          restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}

      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
          path: rtlmeter
@@ -86,15 +94,13 @@ jobs:
      - name: Compile cases
        working-directory: rtlmeter
        run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}' --nExecute=0
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0

      - name: Execute cases
        working-directory: rtlmeter
-        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at leat save the successful results
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
        run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

      - name: Collate results
        id: results
@@ -111,15 +117,14 @@ jobs:
          ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json

      - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
-          name: rtlmeter-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
          overwrite: true
          retention-days: 2

      - name: Report status
        working-directory: rtlmeter
-        run: | # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

-name: reusable-build
+name: reusable-test

 on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
        required: true
        type: string
@@ -20,10 +23,12 @@ on:
      suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
        required: true
        type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number

 env:
  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -39,30 +44,30 @@ jobs:

  test:
    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-test | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }} | ${{inputs.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ inputs.suite }}
+    name: Test
    env:
      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
      CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
    steps:

-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
          path: ${{ github.workspace }}

-      - name: Unpack tar archive
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha

      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
        env:
          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
        with:
@@ -72,9 +77,35 @@ jobs:
            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-

      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-install.bash
+          make venv

      - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
        env:
          TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "Click on '> Tests' arrow above (or on other steps), to expand it, and see the failure reasons"
+          exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
+  push:
+    branches: ['ci-rtlmeter/**']

 permissions:
  contents: read
@@ -18,14 +22,31 @@ defaults:
    shell: bash

 concurrency:
-  group: RTLMeter
-  cancel-in-progress: false
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}

 jobs:
+  start:
+    name: Start
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an RTLMeter run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'push')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Startup
+        run: echo
+
  build-gcc:
    name: Build GCC
-    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
+    needs: start
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
    with:
      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -33,8 +54,7 @@ jobs:

  build-clang:
    name: Build Clang
-    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
+    needs: start
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
    with:
      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -45,6 +65,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: build-gcc
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
    with:
+      tag: gcc
      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
      cc: gcc
      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
@@ -53,12 +74,14 @@ jobs:
      executeArgs: ""
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
      matrix:
        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
          - "NVDLA:*"
          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
          - "OpenTitan:*"
          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
@@ -86,6 +109,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: build-clang
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
    with:
+      tag: clang
      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
      cc: clang
      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
@@ -94,12 +118,14 @@ jobs:
      executeArgs: ""
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
      matrix:
        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
          - "NVDLA:*"
          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
          - "OpenTitan:*"
          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
@@ -122,36 +148,71 @@ jobs:
          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
          - "XuanTie-C910:*"

+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
  combine-results:
    name: Combine results
-    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang]
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
    # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
    # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
    if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
      - name: Download all results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
-          pattern: rtlmeter-results-*
-          path: all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
          merge-multiple: true
-      - name: Tar up all results into single archive
+      - name: Combine results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
        run: |
-          # Ensure combined result directory exists in case of no results
-          mkdir -p all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
-          ls -la all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
-          # Tar up the results directory
-          tar --posix -c -z -f all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
+          ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
      - name: Upload combined results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
-          path: all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz
-          name: all-results
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+          name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
          overwrite: true
          retention-days: 30

-  publish-results:
+  publish-scheduled-results:
    name: Publish results to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results
    needs: combine-results
    # Only run on scheduled builds on the main repository. We also restrict
@@ -163,26 +224,28 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
-          name: all-results
+          pattern: all-results-*
          path: results
-      - name: Extract combined results
-        working-directory: results
-        run: |
-          tar xzfv all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz
-          ls -la
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Upload published results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: results/*.json
+          name: published-results
      # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
      - name: Generate access token
        id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3.1.1
        with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.RTLMETER_RESULTS_CI_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.RTLMETER_RESULTS_CI_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
          owner: verilator
          repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+          permission-contents: write
      - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
          token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -205,3 +268,148 @@ jobs:
          git add .
          git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
          git push origin
+
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: publish-scheduled-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "RTLMeter run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-Artistic License 2.0
-
-Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
-license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-Preamble
-********
-
-This license establishes the terms under which a given free software
-Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed.  The
-intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over
-the development of that Package while still keeping the Package
-available as open source and free software.
-
-You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this
-license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the
-terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to
-make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a
-different licensing arrangement.
-
-Definitions
-***********
-
-"Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in
-the copyright notice for the entire Package.
-
-"Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other
-material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's
-procedures.
-
-"You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or
-modify the Package.
-
-"Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
-Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files.  A
-given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified
-Version.
-
-"Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it
-accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization,
-to others outside of your company or organization.
-
-"Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this
-Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does
-not mean licensing fees.
-
-"Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or
-has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright
-Holder.
-
-"Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such
-changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
-
-"Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
-Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be
-modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
-
-"Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and
-configuration files for the Package.
-
-"Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any
-other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of
-the Source form.
-
-Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
-********************************************************
-
-(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use
-Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you
-do not Distribute the Modified Version.
-
-Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
-******************************************************
-
-(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the
-Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction,
-either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all
-of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your
-discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form
-of the Package.
-
-(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other
-modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting
-Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will
-be subject to the Original License.
-
-Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
-**********************************************************
-
-(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or
-for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the
-Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from
-the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any
-non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do
-at least ONE of the following:
-
-(a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the
-Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright
-Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
-
-(b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent
-the user installing or running the Standard Version.  In addition, the
-Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the
-Standard Version.
-
-(c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the
-Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
-
-(i) the Original License or
-
-(ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and
-redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that
-apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the
-Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it,
-be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but
-Distributor Fees are allowed.
-
-Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified
-******************************************************************
-Versions without the Source
-***************************
-
-(5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without
-the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to
-get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid
-at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time
-while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must
-provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution.  If
-you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days
-after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do
-not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
-
-(6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the
-Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the
-Source of the Modified Version.
-
-Aggregating or Linking the Package
-**********************************
-
-(7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or
-Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting
-aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the
-Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other
-components in the aggregation are permitted.  The terms of this license
-apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions
-as included in the aggregation.
-
-(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other
-works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build
-stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the
-Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the
-result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
-
-Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
-********************************************************
-
-(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that
-merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause
-the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not
-considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms
-of this license.
-
-General Provisions
-******************
-
-(10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
-Versions is governed by this Artistic License.  By using, modifying or
-distributing the Package, you accept this license.  Do not use, modify,
-or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
-
-(11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version
-made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure
-that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this
-license.
-
-(12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark,
-service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
-
-(13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
-patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
-otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
-licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
-Package.  If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
-counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
-direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License
-to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
-
-(14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES.  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT
-PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW.  UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
    family-names: Wasson
  - given-names: Duane
    family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
  - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
  The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
  description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
  traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2025 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
    Verilator
-    VERSION 5.038
+    VERSION 5.047
    HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
    LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
    if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
        set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
    endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
        list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
    endif()
    if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
        message(
@@ -8,6 +8,634 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!


+Verilator 5.047 devel
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support jemalloc as the default allocator on Linux (#7250). [Yangyu Chen]
+  For better performance, `apt install libjemalloc-dev` or equivalent before running ./configure.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Support inout inside SV interface (#3466) (#7134). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support `##0` cycle delays (#4263) (#7298). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array reduction methods with 'with' clause in constraints (#6455) (#6999). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constraint imperfect distributions (#6811) (#7168). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disable task by name (#6853) (#7136). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support procedural concurrent assertion simple cases (#6944).
+* Support force assignments to array elements of real type (#7048). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI array indexing in signal names (#7097) (#7187) (#7214) (#7289). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support soft constraint solving (#7124) (#7166). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraints on fixed-size array of class object members (#7170) (#7183). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support Z non-blocking assignment (#7192) (#496) (#7197). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support constraint `with` item.index array reduction (#7198). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constant expressions without parentheses in `PATHPULSE$` (#7199). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support $sformat with runtime format string (#7212).
+* Support dist and solve...before inside foreach constraints (#7245) (#7253). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array and struct info metadata in FST traces (#7255). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Support dynamic array .size in inline randomize() with constraints (#7258) (#7266). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support defparam with more than one dot (#7262). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support modport export/import task prototypes and out-of-block definitions (#7277). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support very wide $display arguments (#7280). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Support named sequence declarations and instances in assertions  (#7283). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `##` delay on implication RHS in SVA properties (#7284). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support boolean and/or in sequence expressions (#7285). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support property-local variables and sequence match items (#7286). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 'until' property (partial #7290) (#7399). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support array map() method (#7307) (#7316) (#7344). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support SVA goto repetition `[->N]` in concurrent assertions (#7310). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support consecutive repetition `[\*N]` in SVA properties (#7311). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `##[*]`, `##[+]`, `##[M:N]`, `##[M:$]` cycle delays in assertions (#7312) (#7377). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support rise/fall delays (#7368). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support sequence intersect operator (#7374). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence 'throughout' operator (#7378). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence consecutive repetition `[*N:M]`, `[+]`, and `[*]` (#7379). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence `first_match` operator (#7392). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support nonconsecutive repetition [=N] in sequence expressions (#7397). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support per-process RNG for process::srandom() and object seeding (#7408) (#7415) (#7408). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 2**n expressions in constraint randomization (#7422). [Yilou Wang]
+* Add VPI callback support to --main (#7145).
+* Add V3LiftExpr pass to lower impure expressions and calls (#7141) (#7164). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Add --func-recursion-depth CLI option (#7175) (#7179).
+* Add `+verilator+solver+file` (#7242).
+* Add MacOS support for address sanitizer memory limit (#7308). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Deprecate `--structs-packed` (#7222).
+* Improve assignment-compatibility type check (#2843) (#5666) (#7052). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve error message when variable used as data type (#7318). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve E_UNSUPPORTED warning messages (#7329). [Eunseo Song]
+* Change array tracing to dump left index to right index (#7205). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change `--converge-limit` default to 10000 (#7209).
+* Remove DFG extract optimization pass (#7394). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize trace code for faster compiles on repeated types (#6707) (#6832). [Todd Strader]
+* Optimize size of trace declaration object code (#7150). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize function call return value temporaries (#7152). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize conditional merging across some impure statements (#7159). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize reuse of existing associative terms in DfgPeephole. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize duplicate vertices and multiplexers in DfgPeephole (#7305). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize commutative vertex operands in DFG for better combining. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG peephole until a fixed point (#7309). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize comparisons with identical operands and $countones in DFG. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more patterns in DfgPeephole (#7332). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize read references in DFG (#7354). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG only once, after scoping (#7362). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more DFG peephole patterns (#7423). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix recursive default assignment for sub-arrays (#4589) (#7202). [Julian Carrier]
+* Fix virtual interface member trigger convergence (#5116) (#7323). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix shift width mismatch in constraint solver SMT emission (#5420) (#7265). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix returning wrong type from static function in parameterized class (#5479) (#7387) (#7411) (#7418). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize size+element queue constraints (#5582) (#7225). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix null assignment to virtual interfaces (#5974) (#5990). [Maxim Fonarev]
+* Fix typedef scope resolution for parameterized class aliases (#5977) (#7319). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lambda coroutines (#6106) (#7135). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix super constructor calls with local variables (#6214) (#6933). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter default comparison when value contains type cast (#6281) (#7369) (#6281). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `local::` false error in randomize() with on parameterized class (#6680) (#7293). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false recursive definition error (#6769) (#7118). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix port assignment to large arrays (#6904).
+* Fix interface localparam dependencies and arbitrary nesting (#6936) (#7128) (#7188) (#7190). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#7000) (#7006). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix errant integer promotion (#7012). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix randc solver hang with wide variables (#7068) (#7248). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix coroutine trace setters (#7078 repair) (#7296). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix vpi_put_value not updating forced read value (#7092) (#7395) (#7092). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix scheduling non-determinism (#7120) (#7162) (#7165). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix parameters inside std::randomize `with` clause  (#7140). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix forcing unpacked variables (#7149). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide conditional short circuiting (#7155).
+* Fix eliminating assignments to DPI-read variables (#7158). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix std::randomize() in static function with static class members (#7167) (#7169). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix resolving default/non-default type parameters (#7171) (#7346) (#7380) (#7385) (#7398) (#7406) (#7398). [em2machine]
+* Fix recursive constant function in $unit scope (#7173) (#7174).
+* Fix class extend references between queues (#7195).
+* Fix library/hier_block tracing when top name is empty (#7200). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface select from sub-interface instance (#7203) (#7370) (#7203). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI force of bit-selected signals (#7211) (#7301). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix `$finish` to immediately stop executing code from non-final blocks (#7213 partial) (#7390).
+* Fix wrong $bits() for parameterized interface struct typedefs (#7218) (#7219). [em2machine]
+* Fix `dist` operator inside constraint if blocks (#7221) (#7224). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix array reduction in constraints crashing with class inheritance (#7226) (#7263). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix soft cross-object constraint priority inversion (#7228) (#7233). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix internal error when derived class calls this.randomize() with inherited rand members (#7229) (#7234). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum range constraints missing for rand variables in sub-objects (#7230) (#7235). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix vpi_put_value release on non-continuous signal (#7231) (#7241). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix functions in generate block resulting in 'Broken link in node' (#7236) (#7367). [em2machine]
+* Fix tracing of typedefed 1D packed arrays with --trace-structs (#7237). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand variable used as array index in constraint evaluated as constant (#7238) (#7247). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix --hierarchical dropping arguments in -f/-F files (#7240). [Clara Sparks]
+* Fix `final` asserts and $stop (#7249). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix MacOS clang PCH compile error with -o flag (#7251) (#7327). [Eunseo Song]
+* Fix vpi_put_value with vpiIntVal on VlWide data (#7256). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix streaming with descending unpacked arrays and unpacked-to-queue (#7287). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix MacOs lexer compile error (#7314) (#7315). [Tracy Narine]
+* Fix linking shared library with its dependencies (#7320). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix modport selection of virtual interface handle (#7321). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input ports driven from outside (#7322). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix static initialization order for packages with class hierarchies (#7324). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix sensitivity of signals to unrelated interface members (#7336). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` imply-delay statement linking (#7337). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lost `$stop` on implied assertion `$error` failures.
+* Fix wait() hang when interface uses process calls and VIF function (#7342). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix error on illegal nand/nor binary operators (#7353).
+* Fix simple array assignment unrolling in slice optimization (#7359). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix missing temporary for DfgSplicePacked (#7361). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface function calls binding to wrong instance (#7363). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input port connections (#7365). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix string `inside` queue (#7373).
+* Fix subclass with rand_mode(0) getting randomized (#7376) (#7383). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI access to Verilog `force`-ed signals (#7381). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix sampling of hierarchical references (#7386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual class inheritance false error (#7403) (#7405). [Nikolay Puzanov]
+* Fix CMake compiler coroutine flags (#7404). [Shogo Yamazaki]
+* Fix delete inside foreach skipping elements (#7407) (#7410)
+* Fix std::randomize in parameterized-derived class (#7409) (#7416). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix virtual interface implied comparison with null (#7421). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
+Verilator 5.046 2026-02-28
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support #0 delays with IEEE-1800 compliant semantics (#7079). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+  This may require `-no-sched-zero-delay` to maintain performance vs. previous versions.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add IEEE 4-state type lint checks (#3645 partial) (#6895). [Jose Drowne]
+* Add VERILATOR_NUMA_STRATEGY environment variable (#6826) (#6880). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add decoded Verilog name in JSON output (#6919) (#6995). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Add parsing of solve-before inside foreach (#6934). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error when accessing a non-static class field from a static function (#6948). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add VerilatedContext::useNumaAssign and set on threads() call (#6954). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add coverage type information to verilator_coverage annotation output (#7131) (#7133) (#7148).
+* Add --max-replication option (#7139). [Todd Strader]
+* Support modport expression syntax + nested (#2601) (#5581) (#7005). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support nested interface as port connection (#5066) (#6986). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support solve..before constraints (#5647) (#7123). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support structure initial values (#6130).
+* Support proper automatic/static initialization, and remove STATICVAR warning (#6405) (#7086).
+* Support vpi_put/vpi_get forcing of signals (#5933) (#6704). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support detailed failure info for constraint violations (#6617) (#6883). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `unique` constraints (on 1D static arrays) (#6810) (#6878). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support complex expressions as std::randomize arguments (#6860). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dynamic array elements in std::randomize (#6896). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support unbounded '$' in inside range expressions (#6935) (#6938). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support `extern module` as a forward-declaration that is ignored.
+* Support `foreach` with nested dots (#6991). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support signed multiplication in constraints (#7008). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constraint_mode() on static constraints (#7027) (#7038). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support some system functions in constraint blocks (#7028) (#7036). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support std::randomize() for queue, dynamic array, and associative array variables (#7044). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support inherited and nested pre/post_randomize callbacks (#7049) (#7053). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `$get_initial_random_seed` (#7056) (#7069). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support unique constraint on explicit array element subsets (#7057) (#7064). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked structs (#7060). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support function calls with random arguments in constraints (#7061) (#7083). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support power expressions with constant exponent in constraints (#7073). [Kamil Danecki]
+* Support `disable iff` with sequences (#7090). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `this` keyword inside inline randomize() with {} constraint blocks (#7102) (#7113). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraint dynamic array reduction methods without 'with' clause (#7104) (#7108). [Yilou Wang]
+* Remove deprecated `--xml-only`.
+* Remove deprecated `--make cmake`.
+* Change JSON dumps to not include booleans that are false (#6977).
+* Change metacomment extra underscore error to BADVLTPRAGMA warning (#6968). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change INITIALSTATIC to also report on processes, per IEEE (#7020).
+* Change automatic variables to not be traced.
+* Change type definition error to show type chain with source context (#7151).
+* Optimize string temporaries to not be localized (#6969). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize wide word shifts by multiple of word size (#6970). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize concatenations that produce unused bits in DFG (#6971). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more wide operation temporaries with substitution (#6972). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize right shifts as clean (#6981). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion for concatenations in DFG (#7013). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize removing redundant variables during DFG Peephole pass (#7076). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize additional DFG peephole Shift and Concat patterns (#7077). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize logic and variable removal early in DFG (#7081). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize straight line code in DFG always (#7084). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize always blocks using local temporary variables in DFG (#7085). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize functions inlined from packages in DFG (#7091). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize continuous assignments with function on RHS in DFG (#7096). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVEN with task and default driver (#4045) (#6858). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized virtual interface references that have no model references (#4286).
+* Fix hierarchical interface/modport issues (#5941) (#6997). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix extending class by a typedef (#6679) (#6855). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix variable reference lookup for module-level variables (#6741) (#6882). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false CASEOVERLAP case item expression lint (#6825) (#6886). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix virtual interface triggers (#6844). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use-after-free error (#6846). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix dynamic scheduler temporary variable locations (#6859) (#6926). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#6877). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix large debug_str for emitted Syms headers (#6889). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6890). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix #0 delays to control fork scheduling (#6891). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix member-selected randomization assignments (#6892). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix WIDTHEXTEND suppression on add/sub with single-bit signal. [Dan Katz]
+* Fix segfault in V3Slice (#6899). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked array concatenation function arguments (#6900). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix signedness of packed array (#6901) (#6902). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix assignment of queue from unpacked array (#6906).
+* Fix `foreach` with mid-index empty commas (#6910).
+* Fix internal error when fork under always expression (#6911).
+* Fix error when calling non-static method (#6916). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak in vpi_put_value and vpi_get_value (#6917). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix interface internal type reference (#6920) (#6966). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix segfault after assignment pattern XOR error (#6928) (#6931). [emmettifelts]
+* Fix delayed initial assignment (#6929). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix event triggering (#6932) (#7072) (#7101). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--top-module` with underscores (#6940). [Christopher Batten]
+* Fix variable randomization to better differ by seed (#6945) (#6956). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix null pointer dereference in class member trigger expressions (#6946). [Cameron Waite]
+* Fix type assignments for arrays of parameter types (#6955). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix accessing non-rand struct member in constraints (#6960). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix associative array of events causes C++ compile error (#6962).
+* Fix UNUSED / UNDRIVEN for unused functions (#6967). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix non-inlined function return value clearing (#6982).
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#6983) (#6984). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix virtual interface not found internal error (#7010). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix multidimensional dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#7023). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randomize() null pointer dereference (#7026). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randc cyclic behavior broken with constraints (#7029) (#7035). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inline foreach constraints on dynamic arrays of class objects (#7030) (#7037). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix rand_mode() on nested object variables causing Z3 solver error (#7031) (#7034). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix non-member identifiers used inside constraints (#7033). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix tracing without module inlining to match with inlining (#7041). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix scope tree in traces in hierarchical mode (#7042). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand_mode()/constraint_mode() when used as function arguments (#7051) (#7055). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constraint_mode()/rand_mode() in constructor being overwritten (#7054). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum variables in constraint solver producing invalid enum values (#7058) (#7065). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix randomize() on null object handle crashing instead of returning 0 (#7059) (#7066). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inside operator crash with impure expression and unsized range literals (#7063) (#7067). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constant propagating DPI-written variables (#7074). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix conditional expressions in constraints (#7087). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on $sampled in sensitivity list (#7093). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix time to not advance after `$finish` (#7095).
+* Fix associative array size() constraint generating invalid resize() call (#7103) (#7112). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `new` shallow copy to preserve polymorphic runtime type (#7105) (#7109). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix circular class reference %p-printing causing infinite recursion (#7106).
+* Fix too-short bit pack returning wrong value (#7111).
+* Fix randomize of real (#7115). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Fix inlining of C functions with reloop locals (#7132). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix segfault in EmitCSyms (#7142) (#7143). [Gilberto Abram]
+
+
+Verilator 5.044 2026-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is the last release supporting the deprecated `--xml-only` and
+  `--make cmake` options.
+* Change `--lint-only` and `--json-only` to imply `--timing` (#6790).
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `--unroll-limit` option (#6654) (#6668). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-fno-inline-funcs-eager` option to disable excessive inlining (#6682). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-param`/`-port` options to `public_flat*` control directives (#6685). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `--top` specifying `config` name (#6710). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Add `sc_biguint` pragma (#6712). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `make venv` target (#6775). [Geza Lore]
+* Add SUPERNFIRST error on super.new on non-first statement (#6784). [Artur Bieniek]
+* Add fargs for reusability of `--dump-inputs` output (#6812). [Geza Lore]
+* Add `--quiet-build` to suppress make/compiler informationals.
+* Support `std::randomize(){...}` (#4706) (#6573). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked array elements (partial #4735) (#6787). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `config' (#5891) (#6714) (#6717) (#6745) (#6764). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Support unpacked struct in localparam (#6053 partial) (#6708). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Support `randsequence` (#6131).
+* Support array reference arguments into 'std::randomize()' (#6384) (#6719). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic global constraints (#6551) (#6552). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support SystemC time resolution with step 10/100 (#6633) (#6715). [Aliaksei Chapyzhenka]
+* Support `this.randomize()` with constraints (#6634). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multi-expression sequences (#6639). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `#1step` delay as statement  (#6671). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support clocking output delay `1step` (#6681). [Ondrej Ille]
+* Support parsing of dotted `bins_expression` (#6683). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constant expression cycle delays in sequences (#6691). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support general global constraints (#6709) (#6711). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support complex std::randomize patterns (#6736) (#6737). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand_mode` in global constraint gathering (#6740) (#6752). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support reduction or in constraints (#6840). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support vpiSigned (#6868) (#6870). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Optimize away calls to empty functions (#6626). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize redundant headers in Syms implementation files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize constructor/destructor VerilatedModules (#6660). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize repeated function call during symbol table initialization (#6665). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize functions reading external parameters as pure (#6684). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize `$past` delayed variable reuse (#6689). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize combinational loops through sign extension (#6724). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trace initialization code size (#6749). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles in DFG (#6744) (#6746) (#6744). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize inlining small C functions and add `-inline-cfuncs` (#6815). [Jose Drowne]
+* Fix generate function(s) inside of generate blocks (#1011) (#6789). [em2machine]
+* Fix typedef derived from type defined inside interface (#3441) (#6776). [em2machine]
+* Fix warning lint directive ordering and consistency (#4185) (#5368) (#5610) (#6876).
+* Fix extern function that returns parameterized class (#4924).
+* Fix type deduction for variable parameterized classes (#6281) (#6813). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize called within func/task (#6144) (#6753). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix pre/post_randomize on extended classes (#6467). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix expression short circuiting (#6483). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix resized lvalues with warning suppressed (#6497) (#6816). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix unsupported `if` virtual interface warning (#6558) (#6861). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression coverage of system calls (#6592). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `--timing` with `--x-initial-edge` (#6603) (#6631). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix merging of impure assignments in gate optimization (#6629) (#6630). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix determining Verilator revision when within git submodules without tags.
+* Fix initial random values for verilator-created variables (#6611). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parsing of `with` clause inside covergroups (#6618). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix slice memory overflow on large output arrays (#6636) (#6638). [Jens Yuechao Liu]
+* Fix localparam type assignment from interface type parameters (#6637) (#6732). [em2machine]
+* Fix memory usage statistics on MacOS (#6644). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix command line statistics with --stats (#6645) (#6646). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix slow compilation of generated sampled value code (#6652). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix non-deterministic output when splitting Syms file. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on DFG driver lookup (#6649). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ccache-report with PCH files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class function (#6659) (#6802). [em2machine]
+* Fix local interface parameter hierarchical access (#6661) (#6666). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix splitting of Syms constructor/destructor bodies (#6662). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix long C++ compilation due to VerilatedScope constructors (#6664). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix large array initialization (#6669). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--expand-limit` not respected for expressions (#6670). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix `free` name collision (#6675). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix bounds checking in non-inlined function (#6677). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix stream operator widening (#6693) (#6697). [Jean-Nicolas Strauss]
+* Fix multitop cross references (#6699).
+* Fix DFG independent bits analysis performance (#6713) (#6743). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix deleting linked node error in V3Randomize (#6718). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix runtime worker thread stack sizes on MacOS (#6721). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix X handling in UDPs (#6722) (#6723). [Michael Bikovitsky]
+* Fix `--prof-exec` using `--lib-create`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix fork scheduling semantics (#6730). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix JSON output case statements (#6733).
+* Fix internal fault when cross-class calling with DPI (#6735) (#6742). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix write variable placement for global constraints (#6740) (#6750) (#6797). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix JSON dump missing output ports (#6751) (#6831). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Fix resolution of specialized typedefs (#6754) (#6808) (#6834). [em2machine]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on force / release with complex selects (#6755). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix select assignment expansion (#6757). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with multi-bit clocks (#6759). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG reusing volatile variables. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG assertion on out-of-bounds selects. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process reference giving no return statement error (#6767) (#6823). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class param static not found again error (#6768).
+* Fix crash when super.new() called without a base class (#6772). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix class-in-class extends with parameters (#6773).
+* Fix enum item references in class extends with parameters.
+* Fix reordering of function body inlined on RHS of <= NBA (#6780). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix clang `-Wno-vla-cxx-extension` warning for UVM DPI tests (#6782)
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6783). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix input sampling of clocking block signals (#6788). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix O(n*2) analysis in const-bit-op-tree (#6791). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix member select of variable without randmode (#6800) (#6833). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix duplicate name error with interface initial blocks (#6804) (#6805). [Thomas Dybdahl Ahle]
+* Fix nested struct within parameter port list (#6818) (#6824). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix setting thread count in VerilatedContext (#6826 partial) (#6841). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Fix firing array selects of events (#6829). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix false IMPLICITSTATIC on localparam (#6835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randcase under fork (#6843). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix JSON missing `signed` indication (#6845).
+* Fix class reference throwing cannot detect changes error (#6851).
+* Fix `randc` on extended class (#6852).
+* Fix typedef `::` class reference error (#6862).
+* Fix missing include on FreeBSD (#6864).
+* Fix `--Wwarn-lint` to be inverse of `--Wno-lint`.
+
+
+Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add HIERPARAM error on hierarchical parameter values (#1626) (#6456) (#6484) (#6587) (#6609) (#6621) (#6623). [Todd Strader] [Luca Rufer] [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add error on zero/negative unpacked dimensions (#1642). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Add verilator_gantt profiling of DPI imports (#3084). [Geza Lore]
+* Add ASSIGNEQEXPR when use `=` inside expressions (#5567). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Add error on non-packed struct randc (#5999). [Seth Pellegrino]
+* Add configure `--enable-dev-asan` to compile verilator_bin with the address sanitizer (#6404). [Geza Lore]
+* Add $(LDFLAGS) and $(LIBS) to when building shared libraries (#6425) (#6426). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Add IMPLICITSTATIC also on procedure variables.
+* Add FUNCTIMCTL error on function invoking task or time-controlling statements (#6385).
+* Add error on `virtual new` (#6486). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on ranges with tristate values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add NORETURN warning on functions without return values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add `--aslr` and `--no-aslr` options.
+* Add `$cpure` (#6580). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--preproc-defines`.
+* Deprecate sensitivity list on public_flat_rw attributes (#6443). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate clocker attribute and --clk option (#6463). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate '--make cmake' option (#6540). [Geza Lore]
+* Change default `--expand-limit` to 256 (#3419).
+* Change developer coverage flow and add configure `--enable-dev-gcov` (#6526). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `verilator_difftree` to return exit code 1 on mismatch, 2 on error.
+* Change default thread pool sizes to respect processor affinity (#6604). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `--preproc-comments` to be new name of `--pp-comments` option.
+* Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
+* Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support assert under assert (#6146). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support impure expressions in `inside` (#6562). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `case` impure expressions (#6563). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dotted access to ports of a direct hier_block instance. (#6595). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `lint_off` to allow multiple messages and comments (#2755).
+* Improve automatic selection of logic for DFG synthesis (#6370). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `covergroup with function sample` handling  (#6387). [Jakub Wasilewski]
+* Improve DFG type system (#6390). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve DFG variable removal and temporary insertion (#6401). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve memory usage of statistics (#6513). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve conditional merging to preserve branch prediction. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize duplicate 'if' and '?:' conditions (#3807) (#6495)
+* Optimize dead functions in more cases (#6380) (#6430). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize constant folding in wide expression expansion (#6381). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--trace-max-width` and increase to 4096. (#2385).
+* Fix missing BLKSEQ when connecting module port to array (#2973).
+* Fix LATCH warning with CASEINCOMPLETE (#3301).
+* Fix unused parameterized class causing internal error (#4013). [Alberto Del Rio]
+* Fix false CONSTVAR error on initializers (#4992).
+* Fix hierarchical references with parameterized modules and interfaces (#5649) (#6566). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface exposure with `--public-depth` or `--trace-depth` (#5758).
+* Fix cell scoping performance (#6059). [Jerry Tianchen]
+* Fix hierarchical `--prof-pgo` (#6213). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix while loop hang on timing-delayed assignment (#6343) (#6354). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driver analysis of partially assigned variables (#6364) (#6378). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Hash MacOS ambiguity (#6350). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix cmake APPLE variable (#6351). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix randomize local after parameters applied (#6371). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix package imports not found after parameters applied (#6373). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix deep shift pattern performance (#6379) (#6420). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix COVERAGEIGN-ignored `get_inst_coverage` and other covergroup methods (#6383). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix error when modport variable is unresolved (#6386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix resolving parameters (#6388) (#6418) (#6421) (#6438) (#6429). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wire array with initial assignment (#6391). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix import of class with default params (#6396) (#6410) (#6413). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use after free in elaboration (#6403). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix address sanitizer issues (#6406). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing control under fork under function (#6407). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leaks and reduce requirements (#6411) (#6417) (#6419) (#6437) (#6439) (#6517). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameter implicit type from string (#6414). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix parsing for sequence expressions (#6427). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class super functions (#6431) (#6438). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix external function declarations with class typedef references (#6433).
+* Fix internal error on out-of-bounds real array access.
+* Fix pre/post increments in assertions (#6434).
+* Fix elaboration displays with `%m` and some `%p` (#6445) (#6451). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix cast in gdbinit.py (#6447). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false unique assertions on `else ;` (#6450). [Don Owen]
+* Fix loss of clock attribute in DFG variable removal (#6453). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix data types of method calls without parenthesis (#6457). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segfault on unsupported PLI calls (#6458). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false assertion failure on failed DFG driver tracing (#6459). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix side effects when using select (#6460). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix timeprecision backward assignment (#6469). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix splitting hierarchically referenced variables (#6475). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows compilation of Verilator with spaces in the path (#6477). [Fabian Keßler-Schulz]
+* Fix PROTOTYPEMIS error on implicit logic (#6482). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix configure misdetecting C++14 (#6488) (#6515). [Thomas O'Keeffe]
+* Fix false BLKSEQ on non-edged sensitivity list (#6492). [Oron Port]
+* Fix .vlt public_flat* and others to support long identifier names (#6516). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix always_ff on constants (#6519). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix fault on operations on uninitialized strings (#6520). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix find_index methods of associative arrays (#6525). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parsing of `eventually[]` and property expression memory leaks (#6530). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak for unsupported `$past` (#6535). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix inconsistent force assignment (#6541). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing with partial assignments. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix passing typedef value as parameter (#6543) (#6547). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix indent error on quoted strings (#6544).
+* Fix incorrect nested interface-class error (#6549). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix std::process::get_randstate to not affect random stability (#6550) (#6565). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix exit code signal number reporting (#6554). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$finish` inside fork blocks (#6555). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix single element unpacked array DPI parameters. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG synthesis non-determinism (#6557) (#6568). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix side effects for improved function/task/process purity (#6559). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix excessive logic replication in DFG circular driver tracing (#6561) (#6594). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical with parameterized instances under hier block (#6572). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault on type casts (#6574). [David Moberg]
+* Fix references to interfaces containing generate blocks (#6579). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix missing net type mappings in FST traces (#6582) (#6583). [Matt Stroud]
+* Fix function call expression coverage (#6589). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3Life eliminating assignments across timing controls (#6593) (#6596). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix incorrectly resuming process waiting on multiple events (#6597). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--hierarchical` with `--binary` (#6602). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix mis-ignoring virtual interface member triggers (#5116 reopened) (#6613). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ENUMVALUE warning when overriding parameter using `-G/-pvalue` options. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `-G` and `-pvalue` with `--hierarchical`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix waiving messages with empty contents (#6610). [Yoshitomo KANEDA]
+* Fix constant-arrayed instance parameters (#6614). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
+Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add ENUMITEMWIDTH error, and apply to X-extended and ranged values.
+* Add NOEFFECT warning, replacing previous `foreach` error.
+* Add SPECIFYIGN warning for specify constructs that were previously silently ignored.
+* Add PARAMNODEFAULT error, for parameters without defaults.
+* Add enum base data type, wire data type, and I/O versus data declaration checking per IEEE.
+* Add PROTOTYPEMIS error on missing and mismatching prototypes (#6206) (#6207). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error when trying to assign class object to variable of non-class types (#6237). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add ALWNEVER warning, for `always @*` that never execute (#6291).
+* Add separate coverage counters for toggles 0->1 and 1->0 (#6086). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error on class 'function static'.
+* Add error on force/release non-constant selects.
+* Add `-DVERILATOR=1` definition to compiler flags when using verilated.mk.
+* Support member-level triggers for virtual interfaces (#5166) (#6148). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support unassigned virtual interfaces (#5265) (#6245). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomization of scope variables with 'std::randomize()' (#5438) (#6185). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disabling a fork in additional contexts (#5432 partial) (#6174) (#6183). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support bit queue streaming (#5830) (#6103). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Support `$fread` with missing start (#6125). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support unpacked array `with` methods (#6134).
+* Support Verilog real ports as SystemC double ports (#6136) (#6158). [George Polack]
+* Support `$countones` in constraints (#6144 partial) (#6235). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disable dotted references (#6154). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomize() on class member selects (#6161) (#6195). [Igor Zaworski, Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multiple variables on RHS of a `force` assignment (#6163). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support covergroup extends, etc., as unsupported (#6160). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support parameter resolution of 1D unpacked array slices (#6257) (#6268). [Michael Bedford Taylor]
+* Support generic interfaces (#6272). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disabling a fork from within that fork (#6314). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support future sampled value functions.
+* Support simple disable within task (#6334). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support recursive constant functions.
+* Change control file `public_flat_*` and other signal attributes to support __ in names (#6140).
+* Change runtime to exit() instead of abort(), unless under +verilated+debug.
+* Change `$display("%p")` to remove space after `}`.
+* Improve `--skip-identical` to skip on identical input file contents (#6109).
+* Improve testing on FreeBSD (#6328). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Optimize to return memory when using -build (#6192) (#6226). [Michael B. Taylor]
+* Optimize 2 ** X to 1 << X if base is signed (#6203). [Max Wipfli]
+* Optimize more complex combinational logic in DFG (#6205) (#6209) (#6298). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles through arrays in DFG (#6210). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize variable removal in scoped DFG (#6260). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize acyclic DFG components into the original acyclic sub-graph. (#6261). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize multiplexers in DFG synthesis (#6331). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize interfaces in DFG (#6332). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize logic in non-virtual interfaces with DFG (#6347). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix loop initialization visibility outside loop (#4237).
+* Fix constructor parameters in inheritance hierarchies (#6036) (#6070). [Petr Nohavica]
+* Fix replicate of negative giving 'REPLICATE has no expected width' internal error (#6048) (#6229).
+* Fix cmake `-Wno` compiler flag testing (#6145). [Martin Stadler]
+* Fix class extends dotted error (#6162). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix genvar error with `-O0` (#6165). [Max Wipfli]
+* Fix uninitialized thread PGO counters (#6167). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix additional UNOPTFLAT combinational cycles automatically in DFG (#6168) (#6173) (#6176). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix omitting error when assigning to an input (#6169). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter-dependent type linking (#6170). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix param-dependent class typedef linking (#6171). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual interface member propagation (#6175) (#6184). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `--coverage-expr` null pointer dereference (#6181). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix conflicting function/class name linking error (#6182). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix negate of wide structure selections (#6186).
+* Fix VPI signal range order (#6189) (#6200). [Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz]
+* Fix structure select causing 'Wide Op' error (#6191). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix automatic task variables in unrolled loops with forks (#6194) (#6201). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix 'driver same component' assertion (#6211) (#6215). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--stats` overridden by skipping identical build (#6220). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix MODDUP with duplicate packages to take first package (#6222).
+* Fix replicate with unsigned count but MSB set (#6231) (#6233). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randomize on function-local variable (#6234).
+* Fix queue typedef with unbounded slice (#6236).
+* Fix error when force assignment is used with ref function args (#6244). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix write of 0 in '%c' (#6248) (#6249). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix coverage of variables of complex types (#6250). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix broken support of unassigned virtual interfaces (#6253) (#6338). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix partial DFG conversion of concat assignments (#6255). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix dynamic cast purity (#6267). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix same variable on the RHS forced to two different LHSs. (#6269). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix spurious VPI value change callbacks (#6274). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix stray ']' in Verilog code output for non-constant select (#6277). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical NBAs (#6286) (#6300). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix variables hiding package imports (#6289). [Johan Wouters]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix no matching function calls for randomized `VlWide` in unpacked and dynamic arrays (#6290). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix PowerPC support (#6292). [Sergey Fedorov]
+* Fix referencing module variables above classes (#6304). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix direct NBA to dynamically-sized variable (#6310). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix static vars under member select (#6313). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression type comparison (#6316). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix of inline constraints with member selects  (#6321). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix corner case bugs in module and variable inlining (#6322). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix queue extend to check bounds (#6324). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix gathering sensitivities from virtual interface members (#6325). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix FreeBSD missing headers (#6326). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix to select UDPs when they are the only candidate for a top module.
+* Fix splitting of assignments to SC variables (#6329) (#6336). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix to localize for super constructors with function calls as arguments (#6330). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide select expansion and substitution (#6341) (#6345). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix upcasting class type parameters (#6344). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix undefined weak link for Apple GCC etc (#6348). [Congcong Cai]
+* Fix emitting unbounded parameters (#6912).
+* Fix syntax error on unsupported defparam array (#6915).
+
+
 Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 ==========================

@@ -19,6 +647,7 @@ Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08

 * Support redeclaring type as non-type; major parsing change (#2412) (#6020) (#6042) (#6044).
 * Support scoped `new` (#4199).
+* Support elaboration-time printing of unpacked array with `%p` (#4732).
 * Support constrained random for associative arrays (#5985) (#5986). [Yilou Wang]
 * Support assignments to concatenations with impure RHS (#6002). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Support SARIF JSON diagnostic output with `--diagnostics-sarif`. (#6017)
@@ -96,7 +725,9 @@ Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 * Fix wide non-blocking assignment mis-optimization (#6150) (#6152) (#6155). [Todd Strader]
 * Fix interface array connections with non-zero low declaration index.
 * Fix developer build error on MacOS/Flex2.6.4 (#6153). [Paul Swirhun]
-* Fix crash with --dumpi-V3LinkDot without --debug (#6159). [Igor Zaworski]
+* Fix crash with --dumpi-V3LinkDot without --debug (#6159). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dereferencing stale iterator in DfgVertex::scopep() (#6225) (#6227). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix component numbers of new Vertices in V3DfgBreakCycles (#6225) (#6228). [Geza Lore]


 Verilator 5.036 2025-04-27
@@ -107,7 +738,7 @@ Verilator 5.036 2025-04-27
 * Change `--output-groups` to default to value of `--build-jobs` (#5751).
  Those using build farms may need to now use `--output-groups 0` or otherwise.
 * Support user-defined primitives (UDPs) (#468) (#5807) (#5936). [Zhou Shen, Krzysztof Sychla, et al]
-* Add `--trace-saif` for SAIF power traces (#5812) (#5914). [Mateusz Gancarz]
+* Add `--trace-saif` for SAIF power traces (#5812) (#5914). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]

 **Other:**

@@ -212,6 +843,7 @@ Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
 * Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
 * Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
 * Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize some DFG multiplexers (#6822). [Yangyu Chen]
 * Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
 * Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
@@ -835,7 +1467,7 @@ Verilator 5.016 2023-09-16
 * Fix nested assignments on the LHS (#4435). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix false MULTITOP on bound interfaces (#4438). [Alex Solomatnikov]
 * Fix internal error on real conversion (#4447). [vdhotre-ventana]
-* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [jwoutersymatra]
+* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [Johan Wouters]
 * Fix unstable output of VHashSha256 (#4453). [Anthony Donlon]
 * Fix static cast from a stream type (#4469) (#4485). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix error on enum with VARHIDDEN of cell (#4482). [Michail Rontionov]
@@ -5161,9 +5793,9 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========

-Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001-2025 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
@@ -1,165 +1,304 @@
-                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007

- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

-  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
-the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
-License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.

-  0. Additional Definitions.
+0. Additional Definitions.

-  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
-General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
-General Public License.
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

-  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
-other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.

-  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
-by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
-Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
-of using an interface provided by the Library.
+An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.

-  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
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+6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

-  5. Combined Libraries.
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

-  You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
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-   a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
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+GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007

-   b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
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+Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

-  6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
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-  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
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+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
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+“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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+All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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+You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
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+6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
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+     a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
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+
+7. Additional Terms.
+“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
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+
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+All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
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+You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
+
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
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+Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
+
+Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
+
+9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+11. Patents.
+A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
+
+A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
+
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+In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
+
+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
+
+A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Apache License
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+
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+
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+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
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+
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+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
+
+Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+The Artistic License 2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Preamble
+
+This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over the development of that Package while still keeping the Package available as open source and free software.
+
+You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a different licensing arrangement.
+
+Definitions
+
+     "Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in the copyright notice for the entire Package.
+
+     "Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's procedures.
+
+     "You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or modify the Package.
+
+     "Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified Version.
+
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+
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+
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+
+     "Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
+
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+
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+
+Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
+
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+
+Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+     (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
+     (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent the user installing or running the Standard Version. In addition, the Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the Standard Version.
+     (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
+
+          (i) the Original License or
+          (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.
+
+Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified Versions without the Source
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+
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+
+Aggregating or Linking the Package
+
+(7)  You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other components in the aggregation are permitted. The terms of this license apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions as included in the aggregation.
+
+(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
+
+Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
+
+(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms of this license.
+
+General Provisions
+
+(10)  Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
+
+(11)  If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.
+
+(12)  This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
+
+(13)  This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
+
+(14)  Disclaimer of Warranty:
+THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ISC License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2004-2010 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Internet Software Consortium
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+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
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+
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
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+
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+The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+     a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
+
+     b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+4. Combined Works.
+You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of the following:
+
+     a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
+
+     b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+     c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+     d) Do one of the following:
+
+           0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.
+
+          1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library.  A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked Version.
+
+     e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under section 6 of the GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.)
+
+5. Combined Libraries.
+You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+     a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+     b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
+apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the Library.
+
+GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Preamble
+
+The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
+
+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
+
+When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
+
+Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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+For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.
+
+Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+
+Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+0. Definitions.
+
+“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
+
+To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
+
+A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.
+
+To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
+
+An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+1. Source Code.
+The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.
+
+A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.
+
+The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+
+The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.
+
+The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
+
+The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
+
+2. Basic Permissions.
+All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+
+Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
+
+3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.
+
+When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
+
+4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
+You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+
+5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+     a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
+
+     b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
+
+     c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
+
+     d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
+
+A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
+
+6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
+
+     a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
+
+     b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
+
+     c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
+
+     d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
+
+     e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
+
+A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.
+
+A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
+
+“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.
+
+If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
+
+The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
+
+Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
+
+7. Additional Terms.
+“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+
+     a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+
+     b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
+
+     c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+
+     d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
+
+     e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+
+     f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.
+
+All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
+
+Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
+
+8. Termination.
+You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
+
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
+
+Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
+
+9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+11. Patents.
+A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
+
+A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
+
+Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
+
+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
+
+A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+This Verilog file was developed by Altera Corporation.  It may be
+freely copied and/or distributed at no cost.  Any persons using this
+file for any purpose do so at their own risk, and are responsible for
+the results of such use.  Altera Corporation does not guarantee that
+this file is complete, correct, or fit for any particular purpose.
+NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.  This notice must
+accompany any copy of this file.
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+This license is used on IEEE files where there is a permitted use of
+standards, including copying strictly necessary to implement normative
+interfaces defined by the standard. Refer to IEEE SA Operations Manual
+Clause 6.1 and IEEE Standards Permission policies.
+
+--
+
+Copyright 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+IEEE, 802, and POSIX are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent &
+Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Incorporated.
+
+IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and
+international copyright laws.  They are made available by IEEE and are
+adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include
+both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private
+self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering
+practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and
+adoption by public authorities and private users, neither IEEE nor its
+licensors waive any rights in copyright to the documents.
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test-snap test-diff:

 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done

 ######################################################################
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done

 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp

@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done

 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -392,58 +393,60 @@ install-msg:
 ######################################################################
 # Format/Lint

-# Use --xml flag to see the cppcheck code to use for suppression
-CPPCHECK1_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK2_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK3_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK4_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[A-D]*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK5_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[E-I]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK6_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[P-Z]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK7_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[L-R]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK8_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[S-Z]*.cpp)
-CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK1_CPP) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP) \
-  $(CPPCHECK5_CPP) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
-CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
+CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
+CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+CHECK_H = $(filter-out \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_package.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_rev.h, \
+  $(wildcard \
  $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
-  $(srcdir)/src/*.h )
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.h ))
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
  $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
  $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
-CPPCHECK = src/cppcheck_filtered cppcheck
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all --inline-suppr \
-  --suppress=cstyleCast --suppress=ctunullpointer \
-  --suppress=derefInvalidIteratorRedundantCheck \
-  --suppress=nullPointer --suppress=nullPointerRedundantCheck \
-  --suppress=templateRecursion \
-  --suppress=unusedFunction --suppress=unusedScopedObject \
-  --suppress=useInitializationList --suppress=useStlAlgorithm \
+CPPCHECK = cppcheck
+CPPCHECK_JOBS = $(shell nproc)
+CPPCHECK_CACHE = $(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg/cppcheck-cache
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --inline-suppr
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --suppressions-list=$(srcdir)/src/cppcheck-suppressions.txt
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --cppcheck-build-dir=$(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 -DINFILTER_PIPE=1 -D__GNUC__=1
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -j$(CPPCHECK_JOBS)
+CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src

-CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --xml
-CPPCHECK_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cppcheck,$(CHECK_CPP))
-CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src
+$(CPPCHECK_CACHE): $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL)
+	/bin/rm -rf $@
+	/bin/mkdir -p $@

-cppcheck: cppcheck-1 cppcheck-2 cppcheck-3 cppcheck-4 cppcheck-5 cppcheck-6 cppcheck-7 cppcheck-8
-cppcheck-1:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK1_CPP)
-cppcheck-2:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP)
-cppcheck-3:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP)
-cppcheck-4:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP)
-cppcheck-5:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK5_CPP)
-cppcheck-6:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP)
-cppcheck-7:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP)
-cppcheck-8:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+cppcheck-verilator: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP)
+cppcheck-runtime: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP)
+cppcheck-vlc: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP)
+cppcheck-examples: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+
+cppcheck:
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-vlc
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-examples
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-runtime
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-verilator

 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
  -header-filter='.*' \
-  -checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+  -checks='*,-abseil-*,-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+
+# Good checks: -checks='-*,bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition,google-build-using-namespace,google-readability-casting,modernize-use-default-member-init,modernize-use-emplace,modernize-use-equals-default,modernize-use-equals-delete,modernize-use-nullptr,performance-faster-string-find,readability-isolate-declaration,readability-redundant-control-flow,readability-redundant-member-init,readability-redundant-string-cstr,readability-uppercase-literal-suffix

 CLANGTIDY_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cpp.tidy,$(CHECK_CPP))
 CLANGTIDY_DEFS = -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1
@@ -462,22 +465,19 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples

-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py
-
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-14
-CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
-CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
-
-format-c clang-format:
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | egrep 14.0 > /dev/null \
-	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-14, indents may differ from master's ***"
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
-
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
-
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \

 # CMake files
 CMAKE_FILES = \
@@ -496,6 +496,12 @@ MAKE_FILES = \
  src/Makefile*.in \
  test_regress/Makefile* \

+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
 # Python programs, subject to format and lint
 PY_PROGRAMS = \
  bin/verilator_ccache_report \
@@ -503,56 +509,106 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
  bin/verilator_gantt \
  bin/verilator_includer \
  bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-  docs/guide/conf.py \
  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
-  src/astgen \
-  src/bisonpre \
-  src/config_rev \
-  src/cppcheck_filtered \
-  src/flexfix \
-  src/vlcovgen \
-  src/.gdbinit.py \
-  test_regress/*.py \
-  test_regress/t/*.pf \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-  nodist/code_coverage \
  nodist/dot_importer \
  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
  nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
  nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_bisect \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
+  src/astgen \
+  src/bisonpre \
+  src/config_rev \
+  src/flexfix \
+  src/vlcovgen \
+  test_regress/*.py \
+  test_regress/t/*.pf \

 # Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
  $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-  nodist/code_coverage.dat \
  test_regress/t/*.py \

 # Python files, test_regress tests
 PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py

-YAPF = yapf3
-YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \

-format-py yapf:
-	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
+CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
+CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
+
+format-c clang-format:
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)

 GERSEMI = gersemi
 GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands

 format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
 	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)

 MBAKE = mbake
 MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml

-format-make:
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/t_*.py
+	-chmod a-x test_regress/t/*.v
+
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
 	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)

-format-yaml: yamlfix
+YAPF = yapf
+YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
+
+format-py yapf:
+	$(YAPF) --version
+	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
+
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
+
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
+
+######################################################################
+# Lint
+
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary

 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
@@ -563,7 +619,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701

 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`

 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -574,9 +639,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)

-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure

@@ -599,6 +661,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif

+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean

@@ -609,8 +814,8 @@ maintainer-clean::

 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done

 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -624,12 +829,12 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
 	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt

 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -654,3 +859,21 @@ preexist:

 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies, with explicit retry
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt || \
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
 .. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
 .. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 |badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|

 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 .. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
 .. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
 .. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
 .. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
 .. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
-    :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results


 Welcome to Verilator
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
        * Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
        * Performs lint code-quality checks
        * Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
-        * Creates XML to front-end your own tools
+        * Creates JSON to front-end your own tools
     - |Logo|
   * - |verilator multithreaded performance|
     - **Fast**
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
   * - **Widely Used**
        * Wide industry and academic deployment
        * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
     - |verilator usage|
   * - |verilator community|
     - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -53,36 +56,38 @@ Welcome to Verilator
 What Verilator Does
 ===================

-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
 files, the "Verilated" code.

-These Verilated C++/SystemC files are then compiled by a C++ compiler
-(gcc/clang/MSVC++), optionally along with a user's own C++/SystemC wrapper
-file, to instantiate the Verilated model. Executing the resulting
-executable performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking
-Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
+Verilator can automatically generate a simulator executable (using
+``--binary``), or users can write their own C++/SystemC wrapper to
+instantiate the model. The resulting Verilated executable performs the
+design simulation. Verilator also supports linking Verilator-generated
+libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.

-Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
-replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
-mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
-designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
+Verilator supports all design constructs, most verification constructs,
+intra-assignment delays (e.g, `#10`), and events. Tristate-bus (`z`) and
+unknowns (`x`) are handled in limited contexts, in a special manor for
+performance. It currently may not be the best choice if you are expecting a
+full-featured replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, performing
+SDF annotation, or mixed-signal simulation. However, if you are looking for
+a path to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed
+simulation, Verilator is the tool for you.


 Performance
 ===========

-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).

 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -100,8 +105,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
  <https://verilator.org/install>`_

- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_

 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -131,26 +136,33 @@ organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
 Related Projects
 ================

+- `Cocotb <https://www.cocotb.org/>`_ - A coroutine-based cosimulation
+  library for writing testbenches in Python which officially supports
+  Verilator.
+
 - `GTKwave <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
  Verilator traces.

 - `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
  simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.

+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+

 Open License
 ============

-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)

 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.

-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator default licensing for "reuse lint"
+
+version = 1
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "**/.gitattributes",
+    "**/.gitignore",
+    ".clang-format",
+    ".clang-tidy",
+    ".codacy.yml",
+    ".devcontainer/devcontainer.json",
+    ".github/**",
+    ".pre-commit-hooks.yaml",
+    ".style.yapf",
+    "CITATION.cff",
+    "CPPLINT.cfg",
+    "docs/CONTRIBUTORS",
+    "docs/spelling.txt",
+    "docs/verilated.dox",
+    "examples/**/*.vc",
+    "install-sh",
+    "test_regress/.gdbinit",
+    "test_regress/input.vc",
+    "test_regress/input.xsim.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/*.dat",
+    "test_regress/t/*.gprof",
+    "test_regress/t/*.mem",
+    "test_regress/t/*.out",
+    "test_regress/t/*.tree",
+    "test_regress/t/*.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/t_lint_bsspace_bad.v",
+    "verilator.pc.in",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "docs/_static/**",
+    "docs/gen/*.rst",
+    "docs/guide/figures/**",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "test_regress/t/uvm/**"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = [
+    "2010-2017 Mentor Graphics Corporation",
+    "2010-2013 Synopsys, Inc.",
+    "2010-2018 Cadence Design Systems, Inc.",
+    "2013 NVIDIA Corporation",
+]
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "Apache-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "include/gtkwave/lz4.*"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2011-2023 Yann Collet"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;

 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }

 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");

 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
          "debug"            => \&debug,
          # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
          # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
          "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
          "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
          "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
    # Generic GDB interactive
    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
         . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
         . " " . verilator_bin()
         # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +117,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
    # Record with rr
    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
         . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
    # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
         . "gdb"
         . " " . verilator_bin()
         . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -135,19 +138,19 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
        );

    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
         . $valgrind_bin
         . " " . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
    # Debug
    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
        . verilator_bin()
        . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
-    # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    # Normal, non-gdb
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }

 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +195,45 @@ sub gdb_works {
    return $status == 0;
 }

-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
    }
+    return "";
 }

 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
    return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        if ($^O eq "darwin") {
+            my $membytes = `sysctl -n hw.memsize`;
+            chomp $membytes;
+            my $ncpu = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`;
+            chomp $ncpu;
+            $limit = int(int($membytes / 1024) / $ncpu / 8);
+        } else {
+            open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+            while (<$fh>) {
+                if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                    $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                    last;
+                }
+            }
+            close($fh);
+        }
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
    my $status = $?;
    if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
    } else {
        return "";
    }
@@ -227,17 +254,18 @@ sub run {
            warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
            warn "%Error: $command\n";
        }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                    . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                    . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
            } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                    . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
            }
        }
@@ -245,8 +273,8 @@ sub run {
            warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
        }
        exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
    }
 }

@@ -311,6 +339,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
     +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
     +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
    --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
    --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
    --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
@@ -322,10 +351,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
    --cc                        Create C++ output
     -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
    --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
    --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
+    --constraint-array-limit <size>   Maximum array size for constraint array reduction
    --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
    --coverage                  Enable all coverage
    --coverage-expr             Enable expression coverage
@@ -352,6 +380,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
    --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
    --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
    --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
    --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
    --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
@@ -370,6 +399,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     -f <file>                  Parse arguments from a file
     -FI <file>                 Force include of a file
    --flatten                   Force inlining of all modules, tasks and functions
+    --func-recursion-depth <value>  Maximum recursive constant function depth
    --future0 <option>          Ignore an option for compatibility
    --future1 <option>          Ignore an option with argument for compatibility
     -fno-<optimization>        Disable internal optimization stage
@@ -382,11 +412,15 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
    --help                      Show this help
    --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
    --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
     -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
    --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
     +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
    --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
    --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
     -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
@@ -398,8 +432,10 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
    --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
     -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
    --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
     +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
    --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
    --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
    --main                      Generate C++ main() file
@@ -414,6 +450,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     +notimingchecks            Ignored
     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
     -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
     -O3                        High-performance optimizations
     -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
    --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
@@ -429,8 +467,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
    --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
    --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
    --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
    --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
    --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
    --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -448,15 +487,18 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
     -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
    --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
    --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
    --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
    --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
    --reloop-limit <value>      Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --replication-limit <value> Replication concatenation limit (default: 8k)
    --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
    --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
    --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
    --savable                   Enable model save-restore
    --sc                        Create SystemC output
+    --sched-zero-delay          Specify #0 delay support
    --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
    --stats                     Create statistics file
    --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
@@ -464,7 +506,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --no-std-package            Prevent parsing standard package
    --no-std-waiver             Prevent parsing standard lint waivers
    --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
-    --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
     -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
     +systemverilogext+<ext>    Synonym for +1800-2023ext+<ext>
    --threads <threads>         Enable multithreading
@@ -492,6 +533,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
    --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
    --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
    --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
    --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
     -V                         Verbose version and config
@@ -521,8 +563,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
    --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
    --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
-    --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
-    --xml-output                XML output filename
     -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules

 This is a short summary of the simulation runtime arguments, i.e. for the
@@ -545,15 +585,17 @@ description of these arguments.
     +verilator+quiet                      Minimize additional printing
     +verilator+rand+reset+<value>         Set random reset technique
     +verilator+seed+<value>               Set random seed
+     +verilator+solver+file+<filename>     Set random solver log filename
     +verilator+V                          Show verbose version and config
     +verilator+version                    Show version and exit
+     +verilator+wno+unsatconstr+<value>    Disable constraint warnings


 =head1 DISTRIBUTION

 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.

-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################

@@ -16,18 +17,15 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

    For documentation see
    https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')

 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}


-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
    return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")


@@ -53,37 +51,39 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
            match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
            if match:
                assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                results[obj] = match.group(2)

-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")

-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))

-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))

-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break

-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 #
 ######################################################################

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ if (! GetOptions (
    pod2usage(-exitstatus => 2, -verbose => 0);
 }

-# Normal, non gdb
+# Normal, non-gdb
 run(verilator_coverage_bin()
    . " " . join(' ', @Opt_Verilator_Sw));

@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
            warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
            warn "%Error: $command\n";
        }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
            } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
            }
        }
        if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
            warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
        }
        exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
    }
 }

@@ -189,11 +192,12 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.

 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.

-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 =head1 SEE ALSO
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################

 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys

+exit_code = 0

-def diff(a, b):

+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
    if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
    if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)

    if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
        diff_dir(a, b)
    elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
        diff_file(a, b)
    else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)


-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
    # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})

    for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
        base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
        sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")


-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
    # Compare the two tree files
    short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
    short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):

    filterf(a, tmp_a)
    filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
    os.unlink(tmp_a)
    os.unlink(tmp_b)

-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2


-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
    # Remove hex numbers before diffing
    with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
        with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,13 +107,16 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-lineno',
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')

 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)

 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 ######################################################################


-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
        re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
        re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
        re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
        cpu = None
        thread = 0
+        thread_last_ecpu = None

        global LongestVcdStrValueLength
        global ExecGraphTime
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ def read_data(filename):
                                                             tick)
                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
                    ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
-                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
                    start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
                    WaitingTime += tick - start
                    ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################


-def report():
+def report() -> None:
    print("Verilator Gantt report")

    print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -215,12 +220,12 @@ def report():
    print()


-def report_numa():
+def report_numa() -> None:
    print("\nNUMA assignment:")
    print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])


-def report_mtasks():
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
    if not Mtasks:
        return

@@ -238,6 +243,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
    thread_mtask_time = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
    long_mtask_time = 0
    long_mtask = None
+    long_mtask_hier_block = None
    predict_mtask_time = 0
    predict_elapsed = 0
    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
@@ -279,6 +285,9 @@ def report_mtasks():
    max_p2e = -1000000
    max_mtask = None

+    min_hier_block = None
+    max_hier_block = None
+
    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
        mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
        if mtask['elapsed'] > 0:
@@ -333,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
    print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))


-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
    print("\nCPU info:")

    Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -368,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True


-def report_sections():
+def report_sections() -> None:
    for thread, section in Sections.items():
        if section:
            print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
            report_section(section)


-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
    totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
    selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)

@@ -427,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################


-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
    print("Writing %s" % filename)
    with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
        # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)
@@ -604,12 +613,13 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator

 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
-# of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
-# Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify the
+# Verilator internals under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 #
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ######################################################################

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################


-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
    funcs = {}

    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                calls = float(match.group(3))
                func = match.group(4)
                if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
    print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
           "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")

-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
    for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
        cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
        print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@ in each Verilog block.

 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('filename', help='input gprof output to process')
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI dependency install script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ################################################################################
@@ -34,13 +30,20 @@ elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
  MAKE=gmake
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+fi
+
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
 fi

 install-vcddiff() {
  TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
  git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
-  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout dca845020668887fd13498c772939814d9264fd5
+  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout 4db0d84a27e8f148b127e916fc71d650837955c5
  "$MAKE" -C "${TMP_DIR}"
  sudo cp "${TMP_DIR}/vcddiff" /usr/local/bin
 }
@@ -53,32 +56,36 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
    sudo apt-get update ||
    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes ccache help2man libfl-dev
    if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
      # Some conflict of libunwind verison on 22.04, can live without it for now
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes libjemalloc-dev
    fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
    fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes bear mold
    fi
  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    brew update ||
    brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man ||
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
    sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
  else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
  fi

  if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
  fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
  ##############################################################################
@@ -89,16 +96,18 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
    sudo apt-get update ||
    sudo apt-get update
    # libfl-dev needed for internal coverage's test runs
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
+    sudo apt-get install --yes gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
    # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold ||
+      sudo apt-get install --yes python3-clang mold
    fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-26.04" ]]; then
+      if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "-riscv" ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
+        sudo apt-get install --yes libsystemc libsystemc-dev
+      fi
    fi
  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
    brew update
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
    # fst2vcd fails with "Could not open '<input file>', exiting."
    sudo pkg install -y ccache gmake perl5 python3 jq z3
  else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
  fi
  # Common installs
  install-vcddiff
@@ -117,5 +126,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
  ##############################################################################
  # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI main job script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ################################################################################
@@ -27,11 +23,13 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
  export MAKE=make
  NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
  export MAKE=gmake
  NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
 else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_OS_NAME: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 NPROC=$(expr $NPROC '+' 1)

@@ -39,23 +37,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
  ##############################################################################
  # Build verilator

-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
  fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
  ##############################################################################
@@ -86,39 +88,36 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
  fi

-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-22.04' ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-24.04' ]] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
  TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
  if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
-     mv nodist "$NODIST"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
+    # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+    "$MAKE" install
+    mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
+    mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
+    export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+    TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
+    mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+    NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
+    mv nodist "$NODIST"
+    # Feeling brave?
+    find . -delete
+    ls -la .
  fi

  # Run the specified test
  ccache -z
  case $TESTS in
    dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
      ;;
    dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
      ;;
    dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
      ;;
    dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
      ;;
    vltmt-0)
      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
@@ -129,74 +128,71 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
    vltmt-2)
      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
      ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
-      ;;
    coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
      ;;
    coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
      ;;
    coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
      ;;
    *)
-      fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"
+      fatal "Unknown TESTS: $TESTS"
      ;;
  esac

@@ -208,5 +204,5 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
 else
  ##############################################################################
  # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
 fi
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Compile Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Verilate a test
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for env to build and fully test Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                        libfl2 \
                        libfl-dev \
                        libclang-rt-18-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                        libsystemc \
                        libsystemc-dev \
                        numactl \
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:

 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:

-  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)

-  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)

-  Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)

 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:

 ::

-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-18 -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test

-The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the start of the container:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:

 ::

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e
 # DESCRIPTION: Build Verilator (inside container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"

 SRCS=$PWD/verilator
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for image to run Verilator inside
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                        help2man \
                        libfl2 \
                        libfl-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                        numactl \
                        perl \
                        perl-doc \
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:

   docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version

-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.

-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:

 ::

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
   ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v

 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:

 ::
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.

 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to pass SOURCE_COMMIT
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 docker build --build-arg SOURCE_COMMIT=${SOURCE_COMMIT} -f $DOCKERFILE_PATH -t $IMAGE_NAME .
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to tag the latest release (stable)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a verilator call to run a docker container
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 docker pull verilator/verilator:$1 >/dev/null
@@ -2,30 +2,30 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a Verilator call and copy vlt includes
 #              (inside docker container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi

 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi

 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
-# General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
 # and commit using "devel release" or "Version bump" message
+# Then 'make distclean' 'autoconf' './configure' 'make' 'make test'
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.038 2025-07-08],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.047 devel],
        [https://verilator.org],
        [verilator],[https://verilator.org])

@@ -56,6 +58,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
               CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)

+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc and jemalloc.  Does not
+                               affect Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -68,21 +86,48 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
               esac],
              [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi

-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable linking Verilator with jemalloc if available
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use jemalloc)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([jemalloc],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jemalloc],
+                              [Use libjemalloc for faster dynamic memory
+                               management in Verilator binary. Preferred over
+                               tcmalloc when both are available
+                               @<:@default=check@:>@])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-jemalloc]) ;;
+               esac],
+              [CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=check;])
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC)
+fi
+
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                               For developers only.])],
              [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
               esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)

 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -177,7 +222,7 @@ AC_PROG_INSTALL

 AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
 CFG_CXX_VERSION=`$CXX --version | head -1`
-AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler version... $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXX_VERSION)

 AC_MSG_CHECKING([that C++ compiler can compile simple program])
@@ -377,7 +422,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
   ])

 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
  # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
  #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -389,11 +434,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
  #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
  # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)

 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -431,11 +484,21 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)

 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)

 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -446,16 +509,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)

 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)

 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)

 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -476,6 +545,7 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
        [-Wno-bool-operation],
        [-Wno-c++11-narrowing],
        [-Wno-constant-logical-operand],
+        [-Wno-int-in-bool-context],
        [-Wno-non-pod-varargs],
        [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
        [-Wno-shadow],
@@ -484,10 +554,12 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
        [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
        [-Wno-tautological-compare],
        [-Wno-uninitialized],
+        [-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier],
        [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
        [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
        [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
    # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
    CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -518,8 +590,10 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
  _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libstdc++)
  _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -Xlinker -gc-sections)
  LTCMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
+  LJEMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libjemalloc.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
 else
  LTCMALLOC=-ltcmalloc_minimal
+  LJEMALLOC=-ljemalloc
 fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
@@ -535,21 +609,51 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -latomic)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lbcrypt)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lpsapi)

+# Check if jemalloc is available based on --enable-jemalloc
+# jemalloc is preferred over tcmalloc when both are available
+CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=no
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
+  $LJEMALLOC,
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" != "no"; then
+    CFG_LIBS="$LJEMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=yes;
+    # If using jemalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
+    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_JEMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have jemalloc])
+   fi],
+  [if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-jemalloc was given but test for ${LJEMALLOC} failed])
+   fi])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_JEMALLOC)
+
 # Check if tcmalloc is available based on --enable-tcmalloc
+# Only use tcmalloc if jemalloc was not found/enabled
+if test "$CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([jemalloc found, skipping tcmalloc check])
+else
+CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=no
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
  $LTCMALLOC,
  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
    CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
+    CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=yes;
    # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TCMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have tcmalloc])
   fi],
  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
   fi])
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)

 # Need C++14 at least
@@ -557,18 +661,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
   [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
    # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
     [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
     [_my_result=no])
   ])

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Contributing to Verilator
 =========================

@@ -23,8 +26,8 @@ Did you find a Verilator bug?
    demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.

  - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
    <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.


@@ -38,18 +41,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.

 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.

- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.

- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:

  - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
    <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -75,9 +78,9 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
 Do you have questions on Verilator?
 -----------------------------------

- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.

 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
  <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
+Alex Zhou
 Aliaksei Chapyzhenka
 Ameya Vikram Singh
 Andrea Calabrese
@@ -24,19 +25,25 @@ Anthony Donlon
 Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
+Artur Bieniek
+AUDIY
 Aylon Chaim Porat
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
 Brian Li
 Cameron Kirk
+Cameron Waite
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
+Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
 Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
@@ -53,9 +60,10 @@ Driss Hafdi
 Edgar E. Iglesias
 Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
+Eunseo Song
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
@@ -64,6 +72,7 @@ Fuad Ismail
 Furqan Nadir
 G-A. Kamendje
 Garrett Smith
+George Polack
 Geza Lore
 Gianfranco Costamagna
 Gijs Burghoorn
@@ -83,12 +92,16 @@ Huang Rui
 Huanghuang Zhou
 HungMingWu
 HyungKi Jeong
+Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz
 Igor Zaworski
 Ilya Barkov
 Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Michalski
+Jakub Wasilewski
+jalcim
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -98,6 +111,8 @@ Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
@@ -116,15 +131,18 @@ John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
 Josh Redford
+Julian Carrier
 Julian Daube
 Julie Schwartz
 Julien Margetts
 Justin Thiel
 Kaleb Barrett
+Kamil Danecki
 Kamil Rakoczy
 Kanad Kanhere
 Kefa Chen
@@ -139,7 +157,9 @@ Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
 Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
+Leela Pakanati
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
 Ludwig Rogiers
@@ -147,6 +167,7 @@ Lukasz Dalek
 Maarten De Braekeleer
 Maciej Sobkowski
 Marcel Chang
+Marco Bartoli
 Marco Widmer
 Mariusz Glebocki
 Markus Krause
@@ -155,7 +176,11 @@ Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
 Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
+Max Wipfli
+Maxim Fonarev
+Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
 Michal Czyz
@@ -172,6 +197,7 @@ Nathan Graybeal
 Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
 Nick Brereton
+Nikolay Puzanov
 Nolan Poe
 Oleh Maksymenko
 Patrick Stewart
@@ -179,6 +205,7 @@ Paul Bowen-Huggett
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
 Peter Birch
@@ -194,6 +221,7 @@ Piotr Binkowski
 Qingyao Sun
 Quentin Corradi
 Rafal Kapuscik
+Rahul Behl
 Rasfunk
 Raynard Qiao
 Ricardo Barbedo
@@ -201,14 +229,18 @@ Richard Myers
 Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
 Robin Heinemann
+Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
+Rowan Goemans
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
 Samuel Riedel
 Sean Cross
 Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
+Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
+Shogo Yamazaki
 Shou-Li Hsu
 Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
@@ -217,6 +249,8 @@ Steven Hugg
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
 Tobias Jensen
@@ -227,6 +261,7 @@ Tom Manner
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
+Tracy Narine
 Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
@@ -238,7 +273,9 @@ Varun Koyyalagunta
 Vassilis Papaefstathiou
 Veripool API Bot
 Victor Besyakov
+Vikash Patel
 Vito Gamberini
+Wei-Lun Chiu
 William D. Jones
 Wilson Snyder
 Xi Zhang
@@ -257,7 +294,11 @@ Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
 Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
+apocelipes
+dependabot[bot]
 february cozzocrea
 sumpster
+em2machine
+emmettifelts
 Àlex Torregrosa
 Ícaro Lima
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -68,11 +68,16 @@ pdf:

 ######################################################################

-html latex linkcheck spelling::
+html latex linkcheck::
 	$(MAKE) vl-extract
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 	$(PYTHON3) bin/vl_sphinx_fix _build

+spelling::
+	$(MAKE) vl-extract
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+	sort -o guide/spelling.txt guide/spelling.txt
+
 help:
 	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Verilator Documentation
 =======================

@@ -10,8 +13,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
  <https://verilator.org/install>`_

- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_

 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re

 class VlSphinxExtract:
    debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}

-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
        with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
            fhw = None
            for line in fhr:
@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    allow_abbrev=False,
    formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
    description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to extract from')
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re

 class VlSphinxFix:
    debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}

-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
        if os.path.isdir(path):
            for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                    self.process(file)
        elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
            self._edit(path)

-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
        is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
        with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
            origfile = fhr.read()
@@ -53,12 +52,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    allow_abbrev=False,
    formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
    description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")

 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to edit')
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+
+     always @* a = 100;
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ALWNEVER: example.v:1:3 'always @*' will never execute as expression list is empty (no variables read)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3,5
+
+     assign d_o =  // Note = not == below
+         (
+         e_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? 1 : (
+         e_o = 0  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? b_i : 0;
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
   :emphasize-lines: 1

-      // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 .. code-block::
   :emphasize-lines: 1,2

-   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:4 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
-       7 |    /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
-         |    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
   :linenos:

-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::

-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] a)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::

-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
   :linenos:
   :emphasize-lines: 2,5

-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::

-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+   module sub;
+     parameter NODEF;  //<--- Warning
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-PARAMNODEFAULT: example.v:1:13 Parameter without default requires ANSI-style parameter list (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.1): 'NODEF'
+       8 |   parameter NODEF;
+         |             ^~~~~
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
   :emphasize-lines: 2

   module t;
-      sub sub();  // <--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   module sub
-     (output port);
+     sub sub ();  // <--- Warning
   endmodule
+   module sub (
+       output port
+   );
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_pinmissing_bad
 .. code-block::

-   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Instance has missing pin: 'port'
+   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:7 Instance has missing pin: 'port'
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
   :linenos:
   :emphasize-lines: 1,5

-      logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
+     logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning

-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (enable) begin
-            flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (enable) begin
+         flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
+       end
+     end
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More