Version bump

The 'act' region used to have 2 trigger vectors ('act' and 'pre'), now
it uses a single "extended" trigger vector where the top bits are what
used to be the used bits in the 'pre' trigger vector. Please see the
description above `TriggerKit`. Also move the extra triggers from the
low end to the high end in the trigger vectors.

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''
 
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 # This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: build
+name: build-test
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
@@ -17,72 +19,158 @@ permissions:
 
 defaults:
   run:
-    shell: bash
     working-directory: repo
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
 
 jobs:
 
   build-2404-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2404-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
 
   build-2204-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2204-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
 
   test-2404-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -97,14 +185,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2404-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -119,14 +209,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -141,14 +233,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -163,34 +257,30 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
         with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
 permissions:
@@ -14,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -2,96 +2,212 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
-
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
 
-  Build:
+  build:
+    name: Build
     # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1
 
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
         num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -5,21 +5,23 @@
 name: format
 on:
   push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
 permissions:
   contents: write
+
 jobs:
   format:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Ubuntu 22.04 | format
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    name: Ubuntu 24.04 | format
     env:
       CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
       CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install packages for build
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
           CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
         run: |
           bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-14 yapf3 &&
+          sudo apt-get install clang-format-18 yapf3 &&
           sudo pip3 install gersemi mbake &&
           git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
           git config --global user.name "github action"
@@ -35,10 +37,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           autoconf &&
           ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-14 &&
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18 &&
           git status
       - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
             git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
             git push origin

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - "ci/**"
+      - ".github/workflows"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 name: reusable-build
@@ -8,16 +7,32 @@ name: reusable-build
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
-      cc:  # gcc or clang
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
         required: true
         type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
 
 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -32,22 +47,25 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
 
   build:
+    name: Build
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-build | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
-
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
         uses: actions/cache@v4
@@ -55,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
@@ -65,12 +83,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-      - name: Tar up repository
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
         with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
+    # update may add a warning and break our build
+      - name: Install packages for lint
+        run: sudo pip3 install mypy==1.18.2 pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 name: reusable-rtlmeter-build
@@ -32,6 +31,9 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: repo
           fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
 
       - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
         with:
           path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
@@ -8,6 +7,10 @@ name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: "Unique identifier for storing results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
       runs-on:
         description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
         type: string
@@ -52,11 +55,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
 
       - name: Download Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
 
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -86,15 +92,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Compile cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}' --nExecute=0
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
 
       - name: Execute cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at leat save the successful results
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
 
       - name: Collate results
         id: results
@@ -111,15 +115,14 @@ jobs:
           ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
 
       - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
         with:
           path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
-          name: rtlmeter-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 2
 
       - name: Report status
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: | # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: reusable-build
+name: reusable-test
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
@@ -20,10 +23,12 @@ on:
       suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
         required: true
         type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
 
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -39,27 +44,27 @@ jobs:
 
   test:
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-test | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }} | ${{inputs.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ inputs.suite }}
+    name: Test
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
       CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
         uses: actions/cache@v4
@@ -75,6 +80,26 @@ jobs:
         run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
       - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
         env:
           TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
         run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -18,14 +20,30 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash
 
 concurrency:
-  group: RTLMeter
-  cancel-in-progress: false
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
+  start:
+    name: Start
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an RTLMeter run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Startup
+        run: echo
+
   build-gcc:
     name: Build GCC
-    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
+    needs: start
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
     with:
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -33,8 +51,7 @@ jobs:
 
   build-clang:
     name: Build Clang
-    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
+    needs: start
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
     with:
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -45,6 +62,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
     with:
+      tag: gcc
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: gcc
       cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
@@ -53,9 +71,12 @@ jobs:
       executeArgs: ""
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
           - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
@@ -86,6 +107,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
     with:
+      tag: clang
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: clang
       cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
@@ -94,9 +116,12 @@ jobs:
       executeArgs: ""
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
           - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
@@ -122,36 +147,73 @@ jobs:
           - "XuanTie-C906:*"
           - "XuanTie-C910:*"
 
+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
   combine-results:
     name: Combine results
-    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang]
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
     # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
     # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
     if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
       - name: Download all results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
         with:
-          pattern: rtlmeter-results-*
-          path: all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
           merge-multiple: true
-      - name: Tar up all results into single archive
+      - name: Combine results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
-          # Ensure combined result directory exists in case of no results
-          mkdir -p all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
-          ls -la all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
-          # Tar up the results directory
-          tar --posix -c -z -f all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz all-results-${{ github.run_id }}
+          ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
       - name: Upload combined results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
         with:
-          path: all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz
-          name: all-results
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+          name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 30
 
-  publish-results:
+  publish-scheduled-results:
     name: Publish results to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results
     needs: combine-results
     # Only run on scheduled builds on the main repository. We also restrict
@@ -163,26 +225,28 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
         with:
-          name: all-results
+          pattern: all-results-*
           path: results
-      - name: Extract combined results
-        working-directory: results
-        run: |
-          tar xzfv all-results-${{ github.run_id }}.tar.gz
-          ls -la
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Upload published results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: results/*.json
+          name: published-results
       # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.1.4
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.RTLMETER_RESULTS_CI_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.RTLMETER_RESULTS_CI_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
           owner: verilator
           repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+          permission-contents: write
       - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -205,3 +269,148 @@ jobs:
           git add .
           git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
           git push origin
+
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: publish-scheduled-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "RTLMeter run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.gitignore

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.038
+    VERSION 5.042
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
     if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
     endif()
     if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
         message(

Changes

@@ -8,6 +8,236 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!
 
 
+Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add HIERPARAM error on hierarchical parameter values (#1626) (#6456) (#6484) (#6587) (#6609) (#6621) (#6623). [Todd Strader] [Luca Rufer] [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add error on zero/negative unpacked dimensions (#1642). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Add verilator_gantt profiling of DPI imports (#3084). [Geza Lore]
+* Add ASSIGNEQEXPR when use `=` inside expressions (#5567). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Add error on non-packed struct randc (#5999). [Seth Pellegrino]
+* Add configure `--enable-dev-asan` to compile verilator_bin with the address sanitizer (#6404). [Geza Lore]
+* Add $(LDFLAGS) and $(LIBS) to when building shared libraries (#6425) (#6426). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Add IMPLICITSTATIC also on procedure variables.
+* Add FUNCTIMCTL error on function invoking task or time-controlling statements (#6385).
+* Add error on `virtual new` (#6486). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on ranges with tristate values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add NORETURN warning on functions without return values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add `--aslr` and `--no-aslr` options.
+* Add `$cpure` (#6580). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--preproc-defines`.
+* Deprecate sensitivity list on public_flat_rw attributes (#6443). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate clocker attribute and --clk option (#6463). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate '--make cmake' option (#6540). [Geza Lore]
+* Change default `--expand-limit` to 256 (#3419).
+* Change developer coverage flow and add configure `--enable-dev-gcov` (#6526). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `verilator_difftree` to return exit code 1 on mismatch, 2 on error.
+* Change default thread pool sizes to respect processor affinity (#6604). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `--preproc-comments` to be new name of `--pp-comments` option.
+* Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
+* Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support impure expressions in `inside` (#6562). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `case` impure expressions (#6563). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dotted access to ports of a direct hier_block instance. (#6595). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `lint_off` to allow multiple messages and comments (#2755).
+* Improve automatic selection of logic for DFG synthesis (#6370). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `covergroup with function sample` handling  (#6387). [Jakub Wasilewski]
+* Improve DFG type system (#6390). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve DFG variable removal and temporary insertion (#6401). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve memory usage of statistics (#6513). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve conditional merging to preserve branch prediction. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize duplicate 'if' and '?:' conditions (#3807) (#6495)
+* Optimize dead functions in more cases (#6380) (#6430). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize constant folding in wide expression expansion (#6381). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--trace-max-width` and increase to 4096. (#2385).
+* Fix missing BLKSEQ when connecting module port to array (#2973).
+* Fix LATCH warning with CASEINCOMPLETE (#3301).
+* Fix unused parameterized class causing internal error (#4013). [Alberto Del Rio]
+* Fix false CONSTVAR error on initializers (#4992).
+* Fix hierarchical references with parameterized modules and interfaces (#5649) (#6566). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface exposure with `--public-depth` or `--trace-depth` (#5758).
+* Fix cell scoping performance (#6059). [Jerry Tianchen]
+* Fix hierarchical `--prof-pgo` (#6213). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix while loop hang on timing-delayed assignment (#6343) (#6354). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driver analysis of partially assigned variables (#6364) (#6378). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Hash MacOS ambiguity (#6350). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix cmake APPLE variable (#6351). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix randomize local after parameters applied (#6371). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix package imports not found after parameters applied (#6373). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix deep shift pattern performance (#6379) (#6420). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix COVERAGEIGN-ignored `get_inst_coverage` and other covergroup methods (#6383). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix error when modport variable is unresolved (#6386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix resolving parameters (#6388) (#6418) (#6421) (#6438) (#6429). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wire array with initial assignment (#6391). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix import of class with default params (#6396) (#6410) (#6413). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use after free in elaboration (#6403). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix address sanitizer issues (#6406). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing control under fork under function (#6407). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leaks and reduce requirements (#6411) (#6417) (#6419) (#6437) (#6439) (#6517). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameter implicit type from string (#6414). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix parsing for sequence expressions (#6427). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class super functions (#6431) (#6438). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix external function declarations with class typedef references (#6433).
+* Fix internal error on out-of-bounds real array access.
+* Fix pre/post increments in assertions (#6434).
+* Fix elaboration displays with `%m` and some `%p` (#6445) (#6451). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix cast in gdbinit.py (#6447). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false unique assertions on `else ;` (#6450). [Don Owen]
+* Fix loss of clock attribute in DFG variable removal (#6453). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix data types of method calls without parenthesis (#6457). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segfault on unsupported PLI calls (#6458). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false assertion failure on failed DFG driver tracing (#6459). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix side effects when using select (#6460). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix timeprecision backward assignment (#6469). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix splitting hierarchically referenced variables (#6475). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows compilation of Verilator with spaces in the path (#6477). [Fabian Keßler-Schulz]
+* Fix PROTOTYPEMIS error on implicit logic (#6482). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix configure misdetecting C++14 (#6488) (#6515). [Thomas O'Keeffe]
+* Fix false BLKSEQ on non-edged sensitivity list (#6492). [Oron Port]
+* Fix .vlt public_flat* and others to support long identifier names (#6516). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix always_ff on constants (#6519). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix fault on operations on uninitialized strings (#6520). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix find_index methods of associative arrays (#6525). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parsing of `eventually[]` and property expression memory leaks (#6530). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak for unsupported `$past` (#6535). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix inconsistent force assignment (#6541). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing with partial assignments. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix passing typedef value as parameter (#6543) (#6547). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix indent error on quoted strings (#6544).
+* Fix incorrect nested interface-class error (#6549). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix std::process::get_randstate to not affect random stability (#6550) (#6565). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix exit code signal number reporting (#6554). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$finish` inside fork blocks (#6555). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix single element unpacked array DPI parameters. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG synthesis non-determinism (#6557) (#6568). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix side effects for improved function/task/process purity (#6559). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix excessive logic replication in DFG circular driver tracing (#6561) (#6594). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical with parameterized instances under hier block (#6572). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault on type casts (#6574). [David Moberg]
+* Fix references to interfaces containing generate blocks (#6579). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix missing net type mappings in FST traces (#6582) (#6583). [Matt Stroud]
+* Fix function call expression coverage (#6589). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3Life eliminating assignments across timing controls (#6593) (#6596). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix incorrectly resuming process waiting on multiple events (#6597). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--hierarchical` with `--binary` (#6602). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix mis-ignoring virtual interface member triggers (#5116 reopened) (#6613). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ENUMVALUE warning when overriding parameter using `-G/-pvalue` options. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `-G` and `-pvalue` with `--hierarchical`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix waiving messages with empty contents (#6610). [Yoshitomo KANEDA]
+* Fix constant-arrayed instance parameters (#6614). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
+Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add ENUMITEMWIDTH error, and apply to X-extended and ranged values.
+* Add NOEFFECT warning, replacing previous `foreach` error.
+* Add SPECIFYIGN warning for specify constructs that were previously silently ignored.
+* Add PARAMNODEFAULT error, for parameters without defaults.
+* Add enum base data type, wire data type, and I/O versus data declaration checking per IEEE.
+* Add PROTOTYPEMIS error on missing and mismatching prototypes (#6206) (#6207). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error when trying to assign class object to variable of non-class types (#6237). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add ALWNEVER warning, for `always @*` that never execute (#6291).
+* Add separate coverage counters for toggles 0->1 and 1->0 (#6086). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error on class 'function static'.
+* Add error on force/release non-constant selects.
+* Add `-DVERILATOR=1` definition to compiler flags when using verilated.mk.
+* Support member-level triggers for virtual interfaces (#5166) (#6148). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support unassigned virtual interfaces (#5265) (#6245). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomization of scope variables with 'std::randomize()' (#5438) (#6185). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disabling a fork in additional contexts (#5432 partial) (#6174) (#6183). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support bit queue streaming (#5830) (#6103). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Support `$fread` with missing start (#6125). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support unpacked array `with` methods (#6134).
+* Support Verilog real ports as SystemC double ports (#6136) (#6158). [George Polack]
+* Support `$countones` in constraints (#6144 partial) (#6235). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disable dotted references (#6154). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomize() on class member selects (#6161) (#6195). [Igor Zaworski, Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multiple variables on RHS of a `force` assignment (#6163). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support covergroup extends, etc., as unsupported (#6160). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support parameter resolution of 1D unpacked array slices (#6257) (#6268). [Michael Bedford Taylor]
+* Support generic interfaces (#6272). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disabling a fork from within that fork (#6314). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support future sampled value functions.
+* Support simple disable within task (#6334). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support recursive constant functions.
+* Change control file `public_flat_*` and other signal attributes to support __ in names (#6140).
+* Change runtime to exit() instead of abort(), unless under +verilated+debug.
+* Change `$display("%p")` to remove space after `}`.
+* Improve `--skip-identical` to skip on identical input file contents (#6109).
+* Improve testing on FreeBSD (#6328). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Optimize to return memory when using -build (#6192) (#6226). [Michael B. Taylor]
+* Optimize 2 ** X to 1 << X if base is signed (#6203). [Max Wipfli]
+* Optimize more complex combinational logic in DFG (#6205) (#6209) (#6298). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles through arrays in DFG (#6210). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize variable removal in scoped DFG (#6260). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize acyclic DFG components into the original acyclic sub-graph. (#6261). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize multiplexers in DFG synthesis (#6331). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize interfaces in DFG (#6332). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize logic in non-virtual interfaces with DFG (#6347). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix loop initialization visibility outside loop (#4237).
+* Fix constructor parameters in inheritance hierarchies (#6036) (#6070). [Petr Nohavica]
+* Fix replicate of negative giving 'REPLICATE has no expected width' internal error (#6048) (#6229).
+* Fix cmake `-Wno` compiler flag testing (#6145). [Martin Stadler]
+* Fix class extends dotted error (#6162). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix genvar error with `-O0` (#6165). [Max Wipfli]
+* Fix uninitialized thread PGO counters (#6167). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix additional UNOPTFLAT combinational cycles automatically in DFG (#6168) (#6173) (#6176). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix omitting error when assigning to an input (#6169). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter-dependent type linking (#6170). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix param-dependent class typedef linking (#6171). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual interface member propagation (#6175) (#6184). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `--coverage-expr` null pointer dereference (#6181). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix conflicting function/class name linking error (#6182). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix negate of wide structure selections (#6186).
+* Fix VPI signal range order (#6189) (#6200). [Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz]
+* Fix structure select causing 'Wide Op' error (#6191). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix automatic task variables in unrolled loops with forks (#6194) (#6201). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix 'driver same component' assertion (#6211) (#6215). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--stats` overridden by skipping identical build (#6220). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix MODDUP with duplicate packages to take first package (#6222).
+* Fix replicate with unsigned count but MSB set (#6231) (#6233). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randomize on function-local variable (#6234).
+* Fix queue typedef with unbounded slice (#6236).
+* Fix error when force assignment is used with ref function args (#6244). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix write of 0 in '%c' (#6248) (#6249). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix coverage of variables of complex types (#6250). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix broken support of unassigned virtual interfaces (#6253) (#6338). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix partial DFG conversion of concat assignments (#6255). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix dynamic cast purity (#6267). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix same variable on the RHS forced to two different LHSs. (#6269). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix spurious VPI value change callbacks (#6274). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix stray ']' in Verilog code output for non-constant select (#6277). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical NBAs (#6286) (#6300). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix variables hiding package imports (#6289). [Johan Wouters]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix no matching function calls for randomized `VlWide` in unpacked and dynamic arrays (#6290). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix PowerPC support (#6292). [Sergey Fedorov]
+* Fix referencing module variables above classes (#6304). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix direct NBA to dynamically-sized variable (#6310). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix static vars under member select (#6313). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression type comparison (#6316). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix of inline constraints with member selects  (#6321). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix corner case bugs in module and variable inlining (#6322). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix queue extend to check bounds (#6324). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix gathering sensitivities from virtual interface members (#6325). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix FreeBSD missing headers (#6326). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix to select UDPs when they are the only candidate for a top module.
+* Fix splitting of assignments to SC variables (#6329) (#6336). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix to localize for super constructors with function calls as arguments (#6330). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide select expansion and substitution (#6341) (#6345). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix upcasting class type parameters (#6344). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix undefined weak link for Apple GCC etc (#6348). [Congcong Cai]
+
+
 Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 ==========================
 
@@ -19,6 +249,7 @@ Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 
 * Support redeclaring type as non-type; major parsing change (#2412) (#6020) (#6042) (#6044).
 * Support scoped `new` (#4199).
+* Support elaboration-time printing of unpacked array with `%p` (#4732).
 * Support constrained random for associative arrays (#5985) (#5986). [Yilou Wang]
 * Support assignments to concatenations with impure RHS (#6002). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Support SARIF JSON diagnostic output with `--diagnostics-sarif`. (#6017)
@@ -96,7 +327,9 @@ Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 * Fix wide non-blocking assignment mis-optimization (#6150) (#6152) (#6155). [Todd Strader]
 * Fix interface array connections with non-zero low declaration index.
 * Fix developer build error on MacOS/Flex2.6.4 (#6153). [Paul Swirhun]
-* Fix crash with --dumpi-V3LinkDot without --debug (#6159). [Igor Zaworski]
+* Fix crash with --dumpi-V3LinkDot without --debug (#6159). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dereferencing stale iterator in DfgVertex::scopep() (#6225) (#6227). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix component numbers of new Vertices in V3DfgBreakCycles (#6225) (#6228). [Geza Lore]
 
 
 Verilator 5.036 2025-04-27
@@ -107,7 +340,7 @@ Verilator 5.036 2025-04-27
 * Change `--output-groups` to default to value of `--build-jobs` (#5751).
   Those using build farms may need to now use `--output-groups 0` or otherwise.
 * Support user-defined primitives (UDPs) (#468) (#5807) (#5936). [Zhou Shen, Krzysztof Sychla, et al]
-* Add `--trace-saif` for SAIF power traces (#5812) (#5914). [Mateusz Gancarz]
+* Add `--trace-saif` for SAIF power traces (#5812) (#5914). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
 
 **Other:**
 
@@ -835,7 +1068,7 @@ Verilator 5.016 2023-09-16
 * Fix nested assignments on the LHS (#4435). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix false MULTITOP on bound interfaces (#4438). [Alex Solomatnikov]
 * Fix internal error on real conversion (#4447). [vdhotre-ventana]
-* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [jwoutersymatra]
+* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [Johan Wouters]
 * Fix unstable output of VHashSha256 (#4453). [Anthony Donlon]
 * Fix static cast from a stream type (#4469) (#4485). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix error on enum with VARHIDDEN of cell (#4482). [Michail Rontionov]

Makefile.in

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test-snap test-diff:
 
 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -392,53 +393,50 @@ install-msg:
 ######################################################################
 # Format/Lint
 
-# Use --xml flag to see the cppcheck code to use for suppression
-CPPCHECK1_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK2_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK3_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK4_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[A-D]*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK5_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[E-I]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK6_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[P-Z]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK7_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[L-R]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK8_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[S-Z]*.cpp)
-CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK1_CPP) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP) \
-  $(CPPCHECK5_CPP) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
+CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
 CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.h )
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
-CPPCHECK = src/cppcheck_filtered cppcheck
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all --inline-suppr \
-  --suppress=cstyleCast --suppress=ctunullpointer \
-  --suppress=derefInvalidIteratorRedundantCheck \
-  --suppress=nullPointer --suppress=nullPointerRedundantCheck \
-  --suppress=templateRecursion \
-  --suppress=unusedFunction --suppress=unusedScopedObject \
-  --suppress=useInitializationList --suppress=useStlAlgorithm \
+CPPCHECK = cppcheck
+CPPCHECK_JOBS = $(shell nproc)
+CPPCHECK_CACHE = $(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg/cppcheck-cache
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --inline-suppr
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --suppressions-list=$(srcdir)/src/cppcheck-suppressions.txt
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --cppcheck-build-dir=$(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 -DINFILTER_PIPE=1 -D__GNUC__=1
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -j$(CPPCHECK_JOBS)
+CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src
 
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --xml
-CPPCHECK_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cppcheck,$(CHECK_CPP))
-CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src
+$(CPPCHECK_CACHE): $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL)
+	/bin/rm -rf $@
+	/bin/mkdir -p $@
 
-cppcheck: cppcheck-1 cppcheck-2 cppcheck-3 cppcheck-4 cppcheck-5 cppcheck-6 cppcheck-7 cppcheck-8
-cppcheck-1:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK1_CPP)
-cppcheck-2:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP)
-cppcheck-3:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP)
-cppcheck-4:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP)
-cppcheck-5:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK5_CPP)
-cppcheck-6:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP)
-cppcheck-7:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP)
-cppcheck-8:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+cppcheck-verilator: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP)
+cppcheck-runtime: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP)
+cppcheck-vlc: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP)
+cppcheck-examples: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+
+cppcheck:
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-vlc
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-examples
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-runtime
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-verilator
 
 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
@@ -465,16 +463,17 @@ analyzer-include:
 format:
 	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py
 
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-14
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
 CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
 CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
 
 format-c clang-format:
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | egrep 14.0 > /dev/null \
-	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-14, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
 	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
 
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
 
 yamlfix:
 	$(YAMLFIX) .
@@ -511,14 +510,12 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
   src/astgen \
   src/bisonpre \
   src/config_rev \
-  src/cppcheck_filtered \
   src/flexfix \
   src/vlcovgen \
   src/.gdbinit.py \
   test_regress/*.py \
   test_regress/t/*.pf \
   nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-  nodist/code_coverage \
   nodist/dot_importer \
   nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
   nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
@@ -528,7 +525,6 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
 # Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
   $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-  nodist/code_coverage.dat \
   test_regress/t/*.py \
 
 # Python files, test_regress tests
@@ -538,6 +534,7 @@ YAPF = yapf3
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
+	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
 GERSEMI = gersemi
@@ -554,6 +551,9 @@ format-make:
 
 format-yaml: yamlfix
 
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
+
 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
 PYLINT_TEST_FLAGS = $(PYLINT_FLAGS) --disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,C0411,C0413,C0301,R0801,R0912,R0915,R0916,R1702,W0511,W0621
@@ -563,7 +563,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -599,6 +608,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean
 
@@ -609,8 +761,8 @@ maintainer-clean::
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -624,7 +776,7 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
 	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::

README.rst

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
    * - **Widely Used**
         * Wide industry and academic deployment
         * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
    * - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -137,6 +138,9 @@ Related Projects
 - `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
   simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.
 
+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+
 
 Open License
 ============

bin/verilator

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
           "debug"            => \&debug,
           # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
           # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
           "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
           "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
           "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
     # Generic GDB interactive
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +116,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
     # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "gdb"
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -135,19 +137,19 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
         );
 
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . $valgrind_bin
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
     # Debug
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
     # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +194,37 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
     }
+    return "";
 }
 
 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+        while (<$fh>) {
+            if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                last;
+            }
+        }
+        close($fh);
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
     if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -227,17 +245,18 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
@@ -245,8 +264,8 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +330,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
     --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
     --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
@@ -322,8 +342,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
     --cc                        Create C++ output
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
@@ -352,6 +370,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
     --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
     --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
@@ -382,7 +401,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
     --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
@@ -400,6 +421,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
     --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
     --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
     --main                      Generate C++ main() file
@@ -414,6 +436,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +notimingchecks            Ignored
      -o <executable>            Name of final executable
      -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
     --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
@@ -429,8 +453,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
     --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
     --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
     --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}
 
 
-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
     return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 
 
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
             match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
             if match:
                 assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
         if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################
 
 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 
+exit_code = 0
 
-def diff(a, b):
 
+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
     if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
         diff_dir(a, b)
     elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
         diff_file(a, b)
     else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
 
     for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
         base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
     # Compare the two tree files
     short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
     short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):
 
     filterf(a, tmp_a)
     filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
     os.unlink(tmp_a)
     os.unlink(tmp_b)
 
-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2
 
 
-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
     # Remove hex numbers before diffing
     with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
         with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
+
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
     epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
         thread = 0
+        thread_last_ecpu = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
         global ExecGraphTime
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ def read_data(filename):
                                                              tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
                     ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
                     ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
-                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
                     start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
                     WaitingTime += tick - start
                     ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def report():
+def report() -> None:
     print("Verilator Gantt report")
 
     print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -215,12 +220,12 @@ def report():
     print()
 
 
-def report_numa():
+def report_numa() -> None:
     print("\nNUMA assignment:")
     print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])
 
 
-def report_mtasks():
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
     if not Mtasks:
         return
 
@@ -238,6 +243,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     thread_mtask_time = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     long_mtask_time = 0
     long_mtask = None
+    long_mtask_hier_block = None
     predict_mtask_time = 0
     predict_elapsed = 0
     for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
@@ -279,6 +285,9 @@ def report_mtasks():
     max_p2e = -1000000
     max_mtask = None
 
+    min_hier_block = None
+    max_hier_block = None
+
     for (hier_block, mtask_id) in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
         mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
         if mtask['elapsed'] > 0:
@@ -333,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))
 
 
-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
     print("\nCPU info:")
 
     Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -368,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                 Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True
 
 
-def report_sections():
+def report_sections() -> None:
     for thread, section in Sections.items():
         if section:
             print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
             report_section(section)
 
 
-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
@@ -427,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
     print("Writing %s" % filename)
     with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
 # Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     funcs = {}
 
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                 calls = float(match.group(3))
                 func = match.group(4)
                 if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                 funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                 funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                 funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
     print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
     for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %

ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ else
   fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+fi
+
 install-vcddiff() {
   TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
   git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
     sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
   else
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
   export MAKE=make
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   export MAKE=gmake
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
@@ -39,23 +41,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Build verilator
 
-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -86,9 +92,6 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
   fi
 
-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-22.04' ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-24.04' ]] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
      # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
@@ -109,16 +112,16 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ccache -z
   case $TESTS in
     dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
       ;;
     vltmt-0)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
@@ -129,71 +132,68 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     vltmt-2)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
       ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
-      ;;
     coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     *)
       fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-18 -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
 The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security restrictions.
 To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the start of the container:

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"
 
 SRCS=$PWD/verilator

codecov.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 
 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
 # and commit using "devel release" or "Version bump" message
+# Then 'make distclean' 'autoconf' './configure' 'make' 'make test'
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.038 2025-07-08],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.042 2025-11-02],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -56,6 +57,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
                CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)
 
+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc.  Does not affect
+                               Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -68,21 +85,27 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                 *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
                esac],
               [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi
 
-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                                For developers only.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
                esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -177,7 +200,7 @@ AC_PROG_INSTALL
 
 AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
 CFG_CXX_VERSION=`$CXX --version | head -1`
-AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler version... $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXX_VERSION)
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([that C++ compiler can compile simple program])
@@ -377,7 +400,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    ])
 
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -389,11 +412,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
   #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
   # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -431,6 +462,14 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
@@ -446,16 +485,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)
 
 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -476,6 +521,7 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-bool-operation],
         [-Wno-c++11-narrowing],
         [-Wno-constant-logical-operand],
+        [-Wno-int-in-bool-context],
         [-Wno-non-pod-varargs],
         [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
         [-Wno-shadow],
@@ -546,10 +592,12 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TCMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have tcmalloc])
    fi],
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
     AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
    fi])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 
 # Need C++14 at least
@@ -557,18 +605,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
    [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
     # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
      [_my_result=no])
    ])
 

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Anthony Donlon
 Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
+Artur Bieniek
 Aylon Chaim Porat
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
 Brian Li
@@ -31,12 +32,15 @@ Cameron Kirk
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
+Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
 Dan Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
 Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ Fuad Ismail
 Furqan Nadir
 G-A. Kamendje
 Garrett Smith
+George Polack
 Geza Lore
 Gianfranco Costamagna
 Gijs Burghoorn
@@ -83,12 +88,14 @@ Huang Rui
 Huanghuang Zhou
 HungMingWu
 HyungKi Jeong
+Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz
 Igor Zaworski
 Ilya Barkov
 Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Wasilewski
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -139,6 +146,7 @@ Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
 Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
@@ -155,7 +163,10 @@ Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
 Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
+Max Wipfli
+Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
 Michal Czyz
@@ -201,12 +212,14 @@ Richard Myers
 Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
 Robin Heinemann
+Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
 Samuel Riedel
 Sean Cross
 Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
+Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
 Shou-Li Hsu
@@ -257,6 +270,7 @@ Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
 Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
+dependabot[bot]
 february cozzocrea
 sumpster
 Àlex Torregrosa

docs/Makefile

@@ -68,11 +68,16 @@ pdf:
 
 ######################################################################
 
-html latex linkcheck spelling::
+html latex linkcheck::
 	$(MAKE) vl-extract
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 	$(PYTHON3) bin/vl_sphinx_fix _build
 
+spelling::
+	$(MAKE) vl-extract
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+	sort -o guide/spelling.txt guide/spelling.txt
+
 help:
 	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxExtract:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             fhw = None
             for line in fhr:

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxFix:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
             self._edit(path)
 
-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
         is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             origfile = fhr.read()

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+
+     always @* a = 100;

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ALWNEVER: example.v:1:3 'always @*' will never execute as expression list is empty (no variables read)

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     assign d_o =  // Note = not == below
+         (
+         c_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? 1 : (

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-      // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_msg.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 .. code-block::
    :emphasize-lines: 1,2
 
-   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:4 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
-       7 |    /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
-         |    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_faulty.rst

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
 
-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] a)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e; // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_faulty.rst

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 2,5
 
-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+   module sub;
+     parameter NODEF;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-PARAMNODEFAULT: example.v:1:13 Parameter without default requires ANSI-style parameter list (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.1): 'NODEF'
+       8 |   parameter NODEF;
+         |             ^~~~~

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_faulty.rst

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 1,5
 
-      logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
+     logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (enable) begin
-            flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (enable) begin
+         flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_fixed.rst

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 5
 
-      logic flop2_out;
+     logic flop2_out;
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (!reset_l) begin
-            flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
-         end
-         else if (enable) begin
-            flop2_out <= ~in;
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (!reset_l) begin
+         flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
+       end
+       else if (enable) begin
+         flop2_out <= ~in;
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_msg.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:21 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
+   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:20 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
                                                          : ... note: In instance 't'
                                                          : ... Location of variable initialization
-      26 |    logic flop_out = 1;
-         |                     ^
-                         example.v:1:10 ... Location of variable process write
-                                                         : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
-      30 |          flop_out <= ~in;
-         |          ^~~~~~~~
+      26 |   logic flop_out = 1;
+         |                    ^
+                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of variable process write
+                                                        : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
+      30 |       flop_out <= ~in;
+         |       ^~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-         #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning
+       #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_stmtdly_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:7 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing
+   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:5 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $error("User elaboration-time error");
+       $error("User elaboration-time error");

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time error
+   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time error

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");
+       $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time fatal
+   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time fatal

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $info("User elaboration-time info");
+       $info("User elaboration-time info");

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -Info: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time info
+   -Info: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time info

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $warning("User elaboration-time warning");
+       $warning("User elaboration-time warning");

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time warning
+   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time warning

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_faulty.rst

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
+     integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
    endmodule

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_var_bad_hide_docs
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:12 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
+   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:11 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
                        example.v:1:8 ... Location of original declaration

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_faulty.rst

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 3
 
-      int array[5];
-      bit [1:0] rd_addr;
-      wire int rd_value = array[rd_addr];  //<--- Warning
+     logic [31:0] array[5];
+     bit [1:0] rd_addr;
+     wire [31:0] rd_value = array[rd_addr];  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_fixed.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-      wire int rd_value = array[{1'b0, rd_addr}];  //<--- Fixed
+     wire [31:0] rd_value = array[{1'b0, rd_addr}];  //<--- Fixed

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_widthexpand_docs_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-WIDTHEXPAND: example.v:3:29 Bit extraction of array[4:0] requires 3 bit index, not 2 bits.
+   %Warning-WIDTHEXPAND: example.v:3:31 Bit extraction of array[4:0] requires 3 bit index, not 2 bits.

docs/guide/conf.py

@@ -63,12 +63,19 @@ rst_prolog = """
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
+#
 # To install:
 #   sudo install enchant
-#   sudo pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme breathe sphinxcontrib-spelling
-# We keep this list empty for now to avoid needing dependencies
+#   python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ~/.verilator_pyenv
+#   source ~/.verilator_pyenv/bin/activate
+#   pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe
+#
+# We keep this extensions list empty for now to avoid needing dependencies
 extensions = []
 # extensions = ['breathe', 'sphinxcontrib.spelling']
+# For website builds, this will add sphinxcontrib.jquery
+if 'VERILATOR_SPHINX_EXTENSIONS' in os.environ:
+    extensions.extend(os.environ.get('VERILATOR_SPHINX_EXTENSIONS', '').split(':'))
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
@@ -110,6 +117,8 @@ html_domain_indices = False
 html_logo = "../_static/verilator_192_150_min.png"
 
 html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+# Despite a 'WARNING: Calling get_html_theme_path is deprecated'
+# the HTML output is different without this line
 html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 
 html_theme_options = {

docs/guide/connecting.rst

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Verilog, put in our.v:
     import "DPI-C" function int add (input int a, input int b);
 
     initial begin
-       $display("%x + %x = %x", 1, 2, add(1,2));
+      $display("%x + %x = %x", 1, 2, add(1,2));
     endtask
 
 Then after Verilating, Verilator will create a file Vour__Dpi.h with the
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ called from C++:
     export "DPI-C" task publicSetBool;
 
     task publicSetBool;
-       input bit in_bool;
-       var_bool = in_bool;
+      input bit in_bool;
+      var_bool = in_bool;
     endtask
 
 Then after Verilating, Verilator will create a file Vour__Dpi.h with the
@@ -294,11 +294,11 @@ wrapper:
      import "DPI-C" context function void dpi_that_accesses_din();
 
      always @(...)
-        dpi_din_args(din);
+       dpi_din_args(din);
 
      task dpi_din_args(input din);
-        /* verilator no_inline_task */
-        dpi_that_accesses_din();
+       // verilator no_inline_task
+       dpi_that_accesses_din();
      endtask
 
 
@@ -423,9 +423,9 @@ be deferred for later.  These delayed values can be flushed to the model with
 VPI Example
 -----------
 
-In the below example, we have readme marked read-only, and writeme which if
-written from outside the model will have the same semantics as if it
-changed on the specified clock edge.
+In the below example, we have readme marked read-only, and writeme marked
+read-write which if written from outside the model will have the same semantics
+as if it was a top level input.
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ changed on the specified clock edge.
           parameter WIDTH /*verilator public_flat_rd*/ = 32
        ) (input clk);
           reg [WIDTH-1:0] readme   /*verilator public_flat_rd*/;
-          reg [WIDTH-1:0] writeme  /*verilator public_flat_rw @(posedge clk) */;
+          reg [WIDTH-1:0] writeme  /*verilator public_flat_rw*/;
           initial $finish;
        endmodule
      EOF

docs/guide/contributing.rst

@@ -77,9 +77,10 @@ reduce a SystemVerilog design to the smallest possible reproducer.
 It can be used to automatically reduce a design with hundreds of thousands of
 lines to a minimal test case while preserving the bug-inducing behavior.
 
-With :vlopt:`--debug`, Verilator will write a *{prefix}*\ __inputs\ .vpp
-file which has all of the individual input files combined and
-pre-processed, this is often useful as the input design into `sv-bugpoint`.
+With :vlopt:`--debug` or :vlopt:`--dump-inputs`, Verilator will write a
+*{prefix}*\ __inputs\ .vpp file which has all of the individual input files
+combined and pre-processed, this is often useful as the input design into
+`sv-bugpoint`.
 
 Please refer to `sv-bugpoint README
 <https://github.com/antmicro/sv-bugpoint/blob/main/README.md>`_ for more

docs/guide/contributors.rst

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ When possible, please instead report bugs at `Verilator Issues
 
 The primary author is Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.
 
-Major concepts by Paul Wasson, Duane Galbi, John Coiner, Geza Lore, Yutetsu
-Takatsukasa, and Jie Xu.
+Major concepts by Krzysztof Bieganski, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Geza Lore,
+Ryszard Rozak, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Paul Wasson, and Jie Xu.
 
 
 Contributors

docs/guide/deprecations.rst

@@ -20,3 +20,9 @@ C++14 compiler support
 XML output
   Verilator currently supports XML parser output (enabled with `--xml-only`).
   Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no sooner than January 2026.
+
+--make cmake
+  The `--make cmake` options is deprecated and will be removed no sooner than
+  January 2026. Use `--make json` instead. Note that the CMake integration
+  shipping with Verilator (verilator-config.mk) already uses `--make json` so
+  no changes are necessary if using that.

docs/guide/exe_verilator.rst

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ Summary:
    makefile's VPATH the appropriate directory to find the file.
 
    See also :vlopt:`-CFLAGS` and :vlopt:`-LDFLAGS` options, which are
-   useful when the C++ files need special compiler flags.
+   useful when the C++ files need special compiler flags.  The compiler
+   flags add by default `-DVERILATOR=1`, so an `#ifdef VERILATOR` may be
+   used to conditionally preprocess .cpp code for different simulators.
 
 .. option:: <file.v>
 
@@ -86,12 +88,23 @@ Summary:
       grammar and other semantic extensions which might not be legal when
       set to an older standard.
 
+.. option:: --aslr
+
+.. option:: --no-aslr
+
+   Rarely needed - for developer use. With `--aslr`, do not change the
+   system default as to using Linux address space layout randomization
+   (ASLR).  With `--no-aslr` attempt to disable ASLR. If not specified,
+   ASLR will be disabled only when using :vlopt:`--debug` (or similar
+   debug-related options), so that pointers have more deterministic values,
+   aiding repeatability.
+
 .. option:: --no-assert
 
    Disable all assertions. Implies :vlopt:`--no-assert-case`.
 
-   In versions before 5.038, these were disabled by default, and `--assert`
-   was required to enable assertions.
+   In versions before 5.038, assertions were disabled by default, and
+   `--assert` was required to enable assertions.
 
 .. option:: --no-assert-case
 
@@ -155,10 +168,11 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: --build-jobs <value>
 
-   Specify the level of parallelism for :vlopt:`--build`. If zero, uses the
-   number of threads in the current hardware. Otherwise, the <value> must
-   be a positive integer specifying the maximum number of parallel build
-   jobs.
+   Specify the level of parallelism for :vlopt:`--build`.  If zero, uses the
+   number of threads available to the process, which is the number of threads
+   assigned by processor affinity (e.g. using `numactl`), or the number of
+   threads in the host hardware if unspecified.  Otherwise, the <value> must be
+   a positive integer specifying the maximum number of parallel build jobs.
 
    If not provided, and :vlopt:`-j` is provided, the :vlopt:`-j` value is
    used.
@@ -186,6 +200,10 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: --clk <signal-name>
 
+   Deprecated and has no effect (ignored).
+
+   In versions before 5.042:
+
    With :vlopt:`--clk`, the specified signal is marked as a clock signal.
 
    The provided signal name is specified using a RTL hierarchy path. For
@@ -206,6 +224,10 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: --no-clk <signal-name>
 
+   Deprecated and has no effect (ignored).
+
+   In versions before 5.042:
+
    Prevent the specified signal from being marked as a clock. See
    :vlopt:`--clk`.
 
@@ -448,6 +470,11 @@ Summary:
    level 3. Before Verilator 4.228, :vlopt:`--dump-tree` used
    to include this option.
 
+.. option:: --dump-inputs
+
+   Rarely needed.  Enable dumping a *{prefix}*\ __inputs\ .vpp file which
+   has all of the individual input files combined and pre-processed
+
 .. option:: --dump-tree
 
    Rarely needed.  Enable dumping Ast .tree debug files with dumping level 3,
@@ -512,8 +539,8 @@ Summary:
    out.  Beware of enabling debugging messages, as they will also go to
    standard out. See :vlopt:`--no-std`, which is implied by this.
 
-   See also :vlopt:`--dump-defines`, :vlopt:`-P`, :vlopt:`--pp-comments`
-   and :vlopt:`--preproc-resolve` options.
+   See also :vlopt:`--dump-defines`, :vlopt:`-P`,
+   :vlopt:`--preproc-comments` and :vlopt:`--preproc-resolve` options.
 
 .. option:: --emit-accessors
 
@@ -562,6 +589,10 @@ Summary:
    Any :code:`$VAR`, :code:`$(VAR)`, or :code:`${VAR}` will be replaced
    with the specified environment variable.
 
+.. option:: -fdfg-synthesize-all
+
+   Rarely needed. Attempt to synthesize all combinational logic in DFG.
+
 .. option:: -FI <file>
 
    Force include of the specified C++ header file.  All generated C++ files
@@ -598,6 +629,10 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: -fno-const-eager
 
+.. option:: -fno-dead-assigns
+
+.. option:: -fno-dead-cells
+
 .. option:: -fno-dedup
 
 .. option:: -fno-dfg
@@ -606,6 +641,10 @@ Summary:
    optimizer.  Alias for :vlopt:`-fno-dfg-pre-inline`,
    :vlopt:`-fno-dfg-post-inline` and :vlopt:`-fno-dfg-scoped`.
 
+.. option:: -fno-dfg-break-cycles
+
+   Rarely needed. Disable breaking combinational cycles during DFG.
+
 .. option:: -fno-dfg-peephole
 
    Rarely needed. Disable the DFG peephole optimizer.
@@ -762,7 +801,8 @@ Summary:
    be useful in makefiles. See also :vlopt:`-V`, and the various
    :file:`*.mk` files.
 
-   Feature may be one of the following: COROUTINES, SYSTEMC.
+   Feature may be one of the following: COROUTINES, DEV_ASAN, DEV_GCOV,
+   SYSTEMC.
 
 .. option:: --getenv <variable>
 
@@ -782,6 +822,14 @@ Summary:
    :option:`/*verilator&32;hier_block*/` metacomment is ignored.  See
    :ref:`Hierarchical Verilation`.
 
+.. option:: --hierarchical-block <block>
+
+   Internal use only, for :vlopt:`--hierarchical`.
+
+.. option:: --hierarchical-child <block>
+
+   Internal use only, for :vlopt:`--hierarchical`.
+
 .. option:: --hierarchical-params-file <filename>
 
    Rarely needed - internal use. Internal flag inserted used during
@@ -839,9 +887,10 @@ Summary:
    of Verilator if :vlopt:`--verilate-jobs` isn't provided. Also sets
    :vlopt:`--output-groups` if isn't provided.
 
-   If zero, uses the number of threads in the current hardware. Otherwise,
-   must be a positive integer specifying the maximum number of parallel
-   build jobs.
+   If zero, uses the number of threads available to the process, which is the
+   number of threads assigned by processor affinity (e.g. using `numactl`), or
+   the number of threads in the host hardware if unspecified.  Otherwise, must
+   be a positive integer specifying the maximum number of parallel build jobs.
 
 .. option:: --no-json-edit-nums
 
@@ -934,6 +983,10 @@ Summary:
    "+libext+" is relatively standard across Verilog tools.  Defaults to
    ".v+.sv".
 
+.. option:: +librescan
+
+   Ignored for compatibility with other simulators.
+
 .. option:: --lint-only
 
    Check the files for lint violations only, do not create any other
@@ -1042,6 +1095,15 @@ Summary:
 
    Disables optimization of the model.
 
+.. option:: -O1
+
+   Enables default optimization of the model.  This is the default
+   optimization level.
+
+.. option:: -O2
+
+   Enables stronger than default optimization of the model.
+
 .. option:: -O3
 
    Enables slow optimizations for the code Verilator itself generates (as
@@ -1205,7 +1267,8 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: --pp-comments
 
-   With :vlopt:`-E`, show comments in preprocessor output.
+   Deprecated. In versions before 5.042, the name for
+   :vlopt:`--preproc-comments`.
 
 .. option:: --prefix <topname>
 
@@ -1213,6 +1276,14 @@ Summary:
    prepended to the name of the :vlopt:`--top` option, or V prepended to
    the first Verilog filename passed on the command line.
 
+.. option:: --preproc-comments
+
+   With :vlopt:`-E`, show comments in preprocessor output.
+
+.. option:: --preproc-defines
+
+   With :vlopt:`-E`, show defines and undefs in preprocessor output.
+
 .. option:: --preproc-resolve
 
    With :vlopt:`-E`, resolve referenced instance modules, to include
@@ -1338,13 +1409,12 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: --public-flat-rw
 
    Declares all variables, ports, and wires public as if they had
-   :code:`/*verilator public_flat_rw @ (<variable's_source_process_edge>)*/`
-   metacomments.  This will make them VPI accessible by their flat name,
-   but not turn off module inlining.  This is particularly useful in
-   combination with :vlopt:`--vpi`. This may also in some rare cases result
-   in mis-simulation of generated clocks.  Instead of this global option,
-   marking only those signals that need public_flat_rw is typically
-   significantly better performing.
+   :code:`/*verilator public_flat_rw*/` metacomments.  This will make them VPI
+   accessible by their flat name, but not turn off module inlining.  This is
+   particularly useful in combination with :vlopt:`--vpi`. This may also in
+   some rare cases result in mis-simulation of generated clocks.  Instead of
+   this global option, marking only those signals that need public_flat_rw is
+   typically significantly better performing.
 
 .. option:: --public-ignore
 
@@ -1650,14 +1720,15 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: --trace-max-array <depth>
 
    Rarely needed.  Specify the maximum array depth of a signal that may be
-   traced.  Defaults to 32, as tracing large arrays may greatly slow traced
-   simulations.
+   traced.  Zero allows any width. Defaults to 32, as tracing large arrays
+   may greatly slow traced simulations.
 
 .. option:: --trace-max-width <width>
 
-   Rarely needed.  Specify the maximum bit width of a signal that may be
-   traced.  Defaults to 256, as tracing large vectors may greatly slow
-   traced simulations.
+   Rarely needed.  Specify the maximum total bit width of a signal, across
+   all elements if an array, that may be traced.  Zero allows any width.
+   Defaults to 4096, as tracing large vectors may greatly slow traced
+   simulations.
 
 .. option:: --no-trace-params
 
@@ -1776,7 +1847,9 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: --verilate-jobs <value>
 
    Specify the level of parallelism for the internal compilation steps of
-   Verilator. If zero, uses the number of threads in the current hardware.
+   Verilator.  If zero, uses the number of threads available to the process,
+   which is the number of threads assigned by processor affinity (e.g. using
+   `numactl`), or the number of threads in the host hardware if unspecified.
    Otherwise, must be a positive integer specifying the maximum number of
    parallel build jobs.
 
@@ -1868,7 +1941,7 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: -Wno-lint
 
    Disable all lint-related warning messages, and all style warnings.  This
-   is equivalent to ``-Wno-ALWCOMBORDER`` ``-Wno-ASCRANGE``
+   is equivalent to ``-Wno-ALWCOMBORDER`` ``-Wno-ASCRANGE`` ``-Wno-ASSIGNEQEXPR``
    ``-Wno-BSSPACE`` ``-Wno-CASEINCOMPLETE`` ``-Wno-CASEOVERLAP``
    ``-Wno-CASEX`` ``-Wno-CASTCONST`` ``-Wno-CASEWITHX`` ``-Wno-CMPCONST``
    ``-Wno-COLONPLUS`` ``-Wno-IMPLICIT`` ``-Wno-IMPLICITSTATIC``
@@ -1922,14 +1995,14 @@ Summary:
 
    Enable all lint-related warning messages (note that by default, they are
    already enabled), but do not affect style messages.  This is equivalent
-   to ``-Wwarn-ALWCOMBORDER`` ``-Wwarn-ASCRANGE`` ``-Wwarn-BSSPACE``
-   ``-Wwarn-CASEINCOMPLETE`` ``-Wwarn-CASEOVERLAP`` ``-Wwarn-CASEWITHX``
-   ``-Wwarn-CASEX`` ``-Wwarn-CASTCONST`` ``-Wwarn-CMPCONST``
-   ``-Wwarn-COLONPLUS`` ``-Wwarn-IMPLICIT`` ``-Wwarn-IMPLICITSTATIC``
-   ``-Wwarn-LATCH`` ``-Wwarn-MISINDENT`` ``-Wwarn-NEWERSTD``
-   ``-Wwarn-PREPROCZERO`` ``-Wwarn-PINMISSING`` ``-Wwarn-REALCVT``
-   ``-Wwarn-STATICVAR`` ``-Wwarn-UNSIGNED`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHTRUNC``
-   ``-Wwarn-WIDTHEXPAND`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHXZEXPAND``.
+   to ``-Wwarn-ALWCOMBORDER`` ``-Wwarn-ASCRANGE`` ``-Wno-ASSIGNEQEXPR``
+   ``-Wwarn-BSSPACE`` ``-Wwarn-CASEINCOMPLETE`` ``-Wwarn-CASEOVERLAP``
+   ``-Wwarn-CASEWITHX`` ``-Wwarn-CASEX`` ``-Wwarn-CASTCONST``
+   ``-Wwarn-CMPCONST`` ``-Wwarn-COLONPLUS`` ``-Wwarn-IMPLICIT``
+   ``-Wwarn-IMPLICITSTATIC`` ``-Wwarn-LATCH`` ``-Wwarn-MISINDENT``
+   ``-Wwarn-NEWERSTD`` ``-Wwarn-PREPROCZERO`` ``-Wwarn-PINMISSING``
+   ``-Wwarn-REALCVT`` ``-Wwarn-STATICVAR`` ``-Wwarn-UNSIGNED``
+   ``-Wwarn-WIDTHTRUNC`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHEXPAND`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHXZEXPAND``.
 
 .. option:: -Wwarn-style
 
@@ -1963,14 +2036,13 @@ Summary:
      different seeds on different executions. This method is the slowest,
      but safest for finding reset bugs.
 
-     If using `--x-assign unique`, you may want to seed your random number
-     generator such that each regression run gets a different randomization
-     sequence. The simplest is to use the
-     :vlopt:`+verilator+seed+\<value\>` runtime option.  Alternatively, use
-     the system's :code:`srand48()` or for Windows :code:`srand()` function
-     to do this.  You'll probably also want to print any seeds selected,
-     and code to enable rerunning with that same seed so you can reproduce
-     bugs.
+     If using `--x-assign unique`, use the
+     :vlopt:`+verilator+rand+reset+2 <+verilator+rand+reset+\<value\>>`
+     runtime option, and seed the runtime random number generator such that
+     each regression run gets a different randomization sequence with
+     :vlopt:`+verilator+seed+\<value\>`.  You'll probably also want to
+     print any seeds selected, and code to enable rerunning with that same
+     seed, so you can reproduce bugs.
 
    .. note::
 
@@ -1993,6 +2065,14 @@ Summary:
      use for each initialization. This gives the greatest flexibility and
      allows for finding reset bugs.  See :ref:`Unknown states`.
 
+     If using `--x-initial unique`, use the
+     :vlopt:`+verilator+rand+reset+2 <+verilator+rand+reset+\<value\>>`
+     runtime option, and seed the runtime random number generator such that
+     each regression run gets a different randomization sequence with
+     :vlopt:`+verilator+seed+\<value\>`.  You'll probably also want to
+     print any seeds selected, and code to enable rerunning with that same
+     seed, so you can reproduce bugs.
+
    With "--x-initial fast",
      is best for performance, and initializes all variables to a state
      Verilator determines is optimal.  This may allow further code
@@ -2014,12 +2094,12 @@ Summary:
 
    .. code-block:: sv
 
-        reg  res_n = 1'b0;
+        logic res_n = 1'b0;
 
         always @(negedge rst_n) begin
-           if (rst_n == 1'b0) begin
-              res_n <= 1'b1;
-           end
+          if (rst_n == 1'b0) begin
+            res_n <= 1'b1;
+          end
         end
 
    In Verilator, by default, uninitialized clocks are given a value of
@@ -2037,6 +2117,26 @@ Summary:
       iterations. This may be another indication of problems with the
       modeled design that should be addressed.
 
+   Instead of using this option, one technique is to explicitly create the
+   appropriate edge by creating a value at construction, and a value in an
+   initial block at time zero:
+
+   .. code-block:: sv
+
+        logic rst_n = 1;  // value at construction
+
+        initial begin
+          rst_n = 0;  // value at time zero
+          // ... rest
+        end
+
+        always @(negedge rst_n) begin
+          if (rst_n == 1'b0) begin
+            res_n <= 1'b1;
+          end
+        end
+
+
 .. option:: --xml-only
 
    Create XML output only, do not create any other output.
@@ -2134,6 +2234,10 @@ The grammar of control commands is as follows:
 
 .. option:: no_clocker -module "<modulename>" [-task "<taskname>"] -var "<signame>"
 
+   Deprecated and has no effect (ignored).
+
+   In versions before 5.042:
+
    Indicates whether the signal is used as clock or not. Verilator uses
    this information to mark the signal and any derived signals as clocker.
    See :vlopt:`--clk`.
@@ -2301,7 +2405,7 @@ The grammar of control commands is as follows:
 
 .. option:: public_flat_rd [-module "<modulename>"] [-task/-function "<taskname>"] [-var "<signame>"]
 
-.. option:: public_flat_rw [-module "<modulename>"] [-task/-function "<taskname>"] [-var "<signame>" "@(edge)"]
+.. option:: public_flat_rw [-module "<modulename>"] [-task/-function "<taskname>"] [-var "<signame>"] ["@(edge)"]
 
    Sets the variable to be public.  Same as
    :option:`/*verilator&32;public*/` or

docs/guide/extensions.rst

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
 
    .. t_dist_docs_style restart_sort
 
-.. option:: $c([string], ...);
+.. option:: $c([string], ...);, $cpure([string], ...);
 
    The string will be embedded directly in the output C++ code at the point
    where the surrounding Verilog code is compiled.  It may either be a
@@ -196,6 +196,11 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
    compatibility with other simulators, which require a differently named
    PLI function name for each different output width.
 
+   `$cpure` is similar to `$c` except that it indicates the
+   expression is pure, versus `$c` which is assumed impure.
+   `$cpure` is for internal use only, and it might change
+   without notice in any future version or Verilator.
+
 .. option:: $display, $write, $fdisplay, $fwrite, $sformat, $swrite
 
    Format arguments may use C fprintf sizes after the % escape.  Per the
@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
          reg enable_r /*verilator clock_enable*/;
          wire gated_clk = clk & enable_r;
          always_ff @(posedge clk)
-            enable_r <= enable_early;
+           enable_r <= enable_early;
 
    The clock_enable attribute will cause the clock gate to be ignored in
    the scheduling algorithm, sometimes required for correct clock behavior,
@@ -255,6 +260,10 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
 
 .. option:: /*verilator&32;no_clocker*/
 
+   Deprecated and has no effect (ignored).
+
+   In versions before 5.042:
+
    Specifies whether the signal is used as clock or not. See :vlopt:`--clk`.
 
    Same as :option:`clocker` and :option:`no_clocker` in configuration
@@ -331,8 +340,8 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
          // Note the placement of the semicolon above
          always_comb begin
            if (....) begin
-              splitme = ....;
-              other assignments
+             splitme = ....;
+             other assignments
            end
          end
 
@@ -346,27 +355,32 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
          // All assignments excluding those to splitme
          always_comb begin
            if (....) begin
-              other assignments
+             other assignments
            end
          end
          // All assignments to splitme
          always_comb begin
            if (....) begin
-              splitme = ....;
+             splitme = ....;
            end
          end
 
    Same as :option:`isolate_assignments` control file option.
 
-.. option:: /*verilator&32;lint_off <msg>*/
+.. option:: /*verilator&32;lint_off <msgs>*/
 
-   Disable the specified warning message for any warnings following the
-   comment.
+   Disable the specified warning message(s) for any warnings following the
+   comment.  Multiple messages may be specified, separated with commas.
 
-.. option:: /*verilator&32;lint_on <msg>*/
+   If a one-line slash-slash-format comment is used, then the metacomment
+   ends at the newline or at an earlier next slash-slash. This allow
+   commenting the reason for the disable, e.g. :code:`// verilator lint_off
+   MSG // Because...`.
 
-   Re-enable the specified warning message for any warnings following the
-   comment.
+.. option:: /*verilator&32;lint_on <msgs>*/
+
+   Re-enable the specified warning message(s) for any warnings following
+   the comment.  Multiple messages may be specified, separated with commas.
 
 .. option:: /*verilator&32;lint_restore*/
 
@@ -505,13 +519,16 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
 
    Same as :option:`public_flat_rd` control file option.
 
-.. option:: /*verilator&32;public_flat_rw @(<edge_list>)*/ (on variable)
+.. option:: /*verilator&32;public_flat_rw [@(<edge_list>)]*/ (on variable)
 
-   Used after an input, output, register, or wire declaration to indicate
-   the signal should be declared public_flat_rd (see above), and writable,
-   where writes should be considered to have the timing specified by the
-   given sensitivity edge list. Use of this is implied when using the
-   :vlopt:`--public-flat-rw` option.
+   Used after an input, output, register, or wire declaration to indicate the
+   signal should be declared public_flat_rd (see above), and writable. Use of
+   this is implied when using the :vlopt:`--public-flat-rw` option.
+
+   The edge list is optional and has no effect (is ignored). Prior to
+   Verilator 5.024 the edge list specified the timing when writes took
+   place. This is no longer necessary and is accepted only for
+   compatibility.
 
    Same as :option:`public_flat_rw` control file option.
 

docs/guide/files.rst

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ For --cc/--sc, it creates:
 
 .. list-table::
 
-   * - *{prefix}*\ .cmake
-     - CMake include script for compiling (from --make cmake)
+   * - *{prefix}*\ .json
+     - JSON build definition compiling (from --make json)
    * - *{prefix}*\ .mk
      - Make include file for compiling (from --make gmake)
    * - *{prefix}*\ _classes.mk
@@ -58,12 +58,8 @@ For --cc/--sc, it creates:
      - Top-level internal C++ file (from SystemVerilog $root)
    * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root\ *{__n}*\ .cpp
      - Additional top-level internal C++ files
-   * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root\ *{__DepSet_hash__n}*\ .cpp
-     - Additional top-level internal C++ files (hashed to reduce build times)
    * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root__Slow\ *{__n}*\ .cpp
      - Infrequent cold routines
-   * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root\ *{__DepSet_hash__n}*\ .cpp
-     - Infrequent cold routines (hashed to reduce build times)
    * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root__Trace\ *{__n}*\ .cpp
      - Wave file generation code (from --trace-\*)
    * - *{prefix}*\ ___024root__Trace__Slow\ *{__n}*\ .cpp
@@ -86,8 +82,6 @@ For --cc/--sc, it creates:
      - Lower level internal C++ files
    * - *{prefix}{each_verilog_module}{__n}*\ .cpp
      - Additional lower C++ files
-   * - *{prefix}{each_verilog_module}{__DepSet_hash__n}*\ .cpp
-     - Additional lower C++ files (hashed to reduce build times)
 
 For --hierarchical mode, it creates:
 
@@ -99,8 +93,8 @@ For --hierarchical mode, it creates:
      - Make dependencies of the top module (from --hierarchical)
    * - *{prefix}*\ _hier.mk
      - Make file for hierarchical blocks (from --make gmake)
-   * - *{prefix}*\ __hierCMakeArgs.f
-     - Arguments for hierarchical Verilation (from --make cmake)
+   * - *{prefix}*\ __hierMkJsonArgs.f
+     - Arguments for hierarchical Verilation (from --make json)
    * - *{prefix}*\ __hierMkArgs.f
      - Arguments for hierarchical Verilation (from --make gmake)
    * - *{prefix}*\ __hierParameters.v

docs/guide/install.rst

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ started. (Note distribution packages almost never have the most recent
 Verilator version, so we recommend following :ref:`Git Install` below,
 instead.) To install as a package:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    apt-get install verilator   # On Ubuntu
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ options and details, see :ref:`Detailed Build Instructions` below.
 
 In brief, to install from git:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    # Prerequisites:
    #sudo apt-get install git help2man perl python3 make autoconf g++ flex bison ccache
@@ -97,11 +97,10 @@ OS Requirements
 ---------------
 
 Verilator is developed and has primary testing on Ubuntu, with additional
-testing on FreeBSD and Apple OS-X. Versions have also been built on Red Hat
-Linux, other flavors of GNU/Linux-ish platforms, Windows Subsystem for
-Linux (WSL2), Windows under Cygwin, and Windows under MinGW (gcc
--mno-cygwin). Verilated output (not Verilator itself) compiles under all
-the options above, plus using MSVC++.
+testing on Apple OS-X, FreeBSD and Windows MSVC. Versions have also been
+built on Red Hat Linux, other flavors of GNU/Linux-ish platforms, Windows
+Subsystem for Linux (WSL2), Windows under Cygwin, and Windows under MinGW
+(gcc -mno-cygwin).
 
 
 Install Prerequisites
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ Install Prerequisites
 
 To build or run Verilator, you need these standard packages:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install git help2man perl python3 make
    sudo apt-get install g++  # Alternatively, clang
@@ -120,27 +119,27 @@ To build or run Verilator, you need these standard packages:
 
 For SystemC:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
 
 For constraints:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install z3  # Optional solver
 
 The following is optional but is recommended for nicely rendered command line
 help when running Verilator:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install perl-doc
 
 To build or run Verilator, the following are optional but should be installed
 for good performance:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install ccache  # If present at build, needed for run
    sudo apt-get install mold  # If present at build, needed for run
@@ -149,19 +148,25 @@ for good performance:
 To build Verilator you will need to install these packages; these do not
 need to be present to run Verilator:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    sudo apt-get install git autoconf flex bison
 
-Those developing Verilator itself may also want these (see internals.rst):
+Those developing Verilator itself also need these (see internals.rst):
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
-   sudo apt-get install clang clang-format-14 cmake gdb gprof graphviz lcov
-   sudo apt-get install python3-clang python3-distro yapf3 bear jq
-   sudo pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe gersemi mbake ruff sarif-tools
-   sudo pip3 install git+https://github.com/antmicro/astsee.git
+   sudo apt-get install clang clang-format-18 cmake gdb gprof graphviz lcov
+   sudo apt-get install python3-clang python3-distro pipx yapf3 bear jq
+   python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ~/.verilator_pyenv
+   source ~/.verilator_pyenv/bin/activate
+   pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe gersemi mbake mypy ruff
+   pip3 install git+https://github.com/antmicro/astsee.git
+   pipx install sarif-tools
    cpan install Pod::Perldoc
+   #
+   # Later, when building or testing Verilator, you will need
+   source ~/.verilator_pyenv/bin/activate
 
 
 Install SystemC
@@ -185,7 +190,7 @@ To make use of Verilator FST tracing you will want `GTKwave
 <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`__ installed, however this is not
 required at Verilator build time.
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
     sudo apt-get install gtkwave  # Optional Waveform viewer
 
@@ -209,14 +214,14 @@ Obtain Sources
 Get the sources from the git repository: (You need to do this only once,
 ever.)
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    git clone https://github.com/verilator/verilator   # Only first time
    ## Note the URL above is not a page you can see with a browser; it's for git only
 
 Enter the checkout and determine what version/branch to use:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    cd verilator
    git pull        # Make sure we're up-to-date
@@ -231,7 +236,7 @@ Auto Configure
 
 Create the configuration script:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    autoconf        # Create ./configure script
 
@@ -257,7 +262,7 @@ directory (don't run ``make install``). This allows the easiest
 experimentation and upgrading, and allows many versions of Verilator to
 co-exist on a system.
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    export VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd`   # if your shell is bash
    setenv VERILATOR_ROOT `pwd`   # if your shell is csh
@@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ that may support multiple versions of every tool. Tell configure the
 eventual destination directory name.  We recommend that the destination
 location include the Verilator version name:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    unset VERILATOR_ROOT      # if your shell is bash
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT   # if your shell is csh
@@ -291,7 +296,7 @@ the ``bin`` directory to your ``PATH``. Or, if you use `modulecmd
 <https://modules.sourceforge.net/>`__, you'll want a module file like the
 following:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    set install_root /CAD_DISK/verilator/{version-number-used-above}
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT
@@ -306,7 +311,7 @@ following:
 The final option is to eventually install Verilator globally, using
 configure's default system paths:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    unset VERILATOR_ROOT      # if your shell is bash
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT   # if your shell is csh
@@ -323,7 +328,7 @@ The command to configure the package was described in the previous step.
 Developers should configure to have more complete developer tests.
 Additional packages may be required for these tests.
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    export VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE=1    # Put in your .bashrc
    ./configure --enable-longtests  ...above options...
@@ -334,7 +339,7 @@ Compile
 
 Compile Verilator:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    make -j `nproc`  # Or if error on `nproc`, the number of CPUs in system
 
@@ -344,7 +349,7 @@ Test
 
 Check the compilation by running self-tests:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    make test
 
@@ -356,7 +361,7 @@ If you used any install option other than the `1. Run-in-Place from
 VERILATOR_ROOT <#_1_run_in_place_from_verilator_root>`__ scheme, install
 the files:
 
-.. code-block:: shell
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    make install
 

docs/guide/languages.rst

@@ -130,8 +130,9 @@ same time slot.
 Rising/falling/turn-off delays are currently unsupported and cause the
 :option:`RISEFALLDLY` warning.
 
-Minimum/typical/maximum delays are currently unsupported. The typical delay is
-always the one chosen. Such expressions cause the :option:`MINTYPMAX` warning.
+Minimum/typical/maximum delays are currently unsupported. The typical delay
+is always the one chosen. Such expressions cause the :option:`MINTYPMAXDLY`
+warning.
 
 Another consequence of using :vlopt:`--timing` is that the :vlopt:`--main`
 option generates a main file with a proper timing eval loop, eliminating the

docs/guide/simulating.rst

@@ -166,11 +166,6 @@ Unfortunately, using the optimizer with SystemC files can result in
 compilation taking several minutes. (The SystemC libraries have many little
 inlined functions that drive the compiler nuts.)
 
-If using your own makefiles, you may want to compile the Verilated
-code with ``--MAKEFLAGS -DVL_INLINE_OPT=inline``. This will inline
-functions; however, this requires that all cpp files be compiled in a single
-compiler run.
-
 You may uncover further tuning possibilities by profiling the Verilog code.
 See :ref:`profiling`.
 

docs/guide/verilating.rst

@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ Verilator may be used in five major ways:
 * With the :vlopt:`--lint-only` option, Verilator will lint the design to
   check for warnings but will not typically create any output files.
 
-* With the :vlopt:`--xml-only` option, Verilator will create XML output
-  that may be used to feed into other user-designed tools.  See
-  :file:`docs/xml.rst` in the distribution.
+* With the :vlopt:`--json-only` option, Verilator will create JSON output
+  that may be used to feed into other user-designed tools.
 
 * With the :vlopt:`-E` option, Verilator will preprocess the code according
   to IEEE preprocessing rules and write the output to standard out. This
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ When using these options:
    makefiles to generate an archive (.a) containing the objects.
 
 #. If :vlopt:`--binary` or :vlopt:`--build` is used, it calls :ref:`GNU
-   Make` or :ref:`CMake` to build the model.
+   Make` to build the model.
 
 Once a model is built, the next step is typically for the user to run it,
 see :ref:`Simulating`.
@@ -144,10 +143,11 @@ Limitations
 
 Hierarchy blocks have some limitations, including:
 
-* The hierarchy block cannot be accessed using dot (.) from the upper
-  module(s) or other hierarchy blocks.
-
-* Signals in the block cannot be traced.
+* Internals of the hierarchy block cannot be accessed using dot (.) from
+  the upper module(s) or other hierarchy blocks, except that ports of a
+  hierarchy block instance can be accessed from the directly enclosing
+  nested hierarchy block, or from the top level non-hierarchical portions
+  of the design if not a nested hierarchy block.
 
 * Modport cannot be used at the hierarchical block boundary.
 

docs/guide/warnings.rst

@@ -103,14 +103,35 @@ List Of Warnings
    .. code-block:: sv
 
          always_comb begin
-            a = b;
-            b = 1;
+           a = b;
+           b = 1;
          end
 
    Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check; it will
    simulate correctly.
 
 
+.. option:: ALWNEVER
+
+   Warning that an `always @*` statement has no variables being read,
+   therefore the event list is empty, and as there are no events to wake
+   the process up, the always will never execute.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_msg.rst
+
+   To repair, assuming the intent was to execute the statements at e.g.
+   time zero, instead use an `always_comb` statement.
+
+   Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check; it will
+   simulate correctly.
+
+
 .. option:: ASCRANGE
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -148,6 +169,29 @@ List Of Warnings
    This warning is issued only if Verilator is run with :vlopt:`--no-timing`.
 
 
+.. option:: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+
+   Warning that an assignment with `=` appears in a complex expression.
+   The intent may have been to use `==`, or, if `=` is correct this may be
+   a readability issue.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst
+
+   To repair, make the assignment into a separate statement.
+
+   Disabled by default as this is a code-style warning; it will simulate
+   correctly.
+
+   Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check; it will
+   simulate correctly.
+
+
 .. option:: ASSIGNIN
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -254,11 +298,11 @@ List Of Warnings
    .. code-block:: sv
 
          always @(posedge clk)
-            if (~reset_l)
-                for (i=0; i<`ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
-                    array[i] <= 0;  // Non-blocking assignment inside loop
-            else
-                array[address] <= data;
+           if (~reset_l)
+             for (i=0; i<`ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
+               array[i] <= 0;  // Non-blocking assignment inside loop
+           else
+             array[address] <= data;
 
    While this is supported in typical synthesizeable code (including the
    example above), some complicated cases are not supported. Namely:
@@ -458,12 +502,23 @@ List Of Warnings
 
    Warns that Verilator does not support certain forms of
    :code:`constraint`, :code:`constraint_mode`, or :code:`rand_mode`, and
-   the construct was are ignored.
+   the construct was ignored.
 
    Ignoring this warning may make Verilator randomize() simulations differ
    from other simulators.
 
 
+.. option:: CONSTWRITTEN
+
+   Error that a :code:`const` data typed variable is being assigned a
+   value.
+
+   IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.6 requires this error.
+
+   Suppressing this error will suppress the error message check; it will
+   simulate as if the :code:`const` as not present.
+
+
 .. option:: CONTASSREG
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -486,7 +541,7 @@ List Of Warnings
 
    Warns that Verilator does not support certain forms of
    :code:`covergroup`, :code:`coverpoint`, and coverage options, and the
-   construct was are ignored.
+   construct was ignored.
 
    Disabling the :option:`UNSUPPORTED` error also disables this warning.
 
@@ -556,7 +611,7 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 5
 
          module parameterized
-            #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 0);
+           #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 0);
          endmodule
          module upper;
            defparam p0.MY_PARAM = 1;  //<--- Warning
@@ -577,12 +632,12 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 6
 
          module parameterized
-            #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 0);
+           #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 0);
          endmodule
          module upper
            parameterized
-              #(.MY_PARAM(1))  //<--- Repaired
-              p0();
+             #(.MY_PARAM(1))  //<--- Repaired
+             p0();
          endmodule
 
    Other tools with similar warnings: Verible's forbid_defparam_rule.
@@ -662,7 +717,7 @@ List Of Warnings
    generated C++ code to add appropriate prints to see what is going on.
 
 
-.. option:: ENDCAPSULATED
+.. option:: ENCAPSULATED
 
    Warns that a class member is declared :code:`local` or
    :code:`protected`, but is being accessed from outside that class (if
@@ -709,6 +764,28 @@ List Of Warnings
    missing."
 
 
+.. option:: ENUMITEMWIDTH
+
+   An error that an enum item value is being assigned from a value which
+   would be truncated (similar to :option:`WIDTHTRUNC`), or from a sized
+   literal constant with a different bit width (similar to
+   :option:`WIDTHTRUNC` or :option:`WIDTHEXPAND`).  IEEE requires this
+   error, but it may be disabled.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. code-block:: sv
+      :linenos:
+      :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+         typedef enum [3:0] {
+           WRONG_WIDTH = 33'h3  //<--- Warning
+         } enum_t;
+
+   To repair, correct the size of the item's value directly, or use a cast,
+   so the resulting width matches the enum's width.
+
+
 .. option:: ENUMVALUE
 
    An error that an enum data type value is being assigned from another data
@@ -758,6 +835,25 @@ List Of Warnings
    with a newline."
 
 
+.. option:: FUNCTIMECTL
+
+   Error that a function contains a time-controlling statement or call of a
+   task.  IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 requires this error.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst
+
+   Suppressing this error will only suppress the IEEE-required check; in
+   most cases Verilator treats functions and tasks identically and relies
+   on analysis to determine what functions/tasks need to allow time to
+   pass.
+
+
 .. option:: GENCLK
 
    Historical, never issued since version 5.000.
@@ -788,8 +884,8 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 2
 
          generate
-            if (PARAM == 1) begin  //<--- Warning
-            end
+           if (PARAM == 1) begin  //<--- Warning
+           end
 
    Results in:
 
@@ -805,8 +901,8 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 2
 
          generate
-            if (PARAM == 1) begin : gen_param_1  //<--- Repaired
-            end
+           if (PARAM == 1) begin : gen_param_1  //<--- Repaired
+           end
 
    Other tools with similar warnings: Verible's generate-label, "All
    generate block statements must have a label."
@@ -819,6 +915,28 @@ List Of Warnings
    This setting on the top module will be ignored.
 
 
+.. option:: HIERPARAM
+
+   An error that a hierarchical value or function is being used to assign a parameter.
+   IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 requires this error.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst
+
+   Suppressing this error may allow some hierarchical references to work (especially hierarchical
+   references into interface references), however not all cases are possible, e.g. it cannot
+   reference the parameter of a lower module in a way that affects determining the parameters
+   that elaborate that lower module.
+
+   An exception is made for IEEE 1800-2023 25.10 for interfaces/modports which appear in a module's
+   port list, since these are references to interfaces/modports declared at a higher level and are
+   already specialized. These types of accesses do not require waiving HIERPARAM.
+
 .. option:: IFDEPTH
 
    Warns that if/if else statements have exceeded the depth specified with
@@ -842,7 +960,7 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 5
 
          function int function_being_called_as_task;
-            return 1;
+           return 1;
          endfunction
 
          initial function_being_called_as_task();  //<--- Warning
@@ -861,7 +979,7 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 5
 
          function int function_being_called_as_task;
-            return 1;
+           return 1;
          endfunction
 
          initial void'(function_being_called_as_task());  //<--- Repaired
@@ -1031,10 +1149,10 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 3
 
          task foo(int local_var);
-            fork
-               #10 local_var++;
-               #20 $display("local_var = %d", local_var);
-            join_none
+           fork
+             #10 local_var++;
+             #20 $display("local_var = %d", local_var);
+           join_none
          endtask
 
    In the example above 'local_var' exists only within scope of 'foo', once foo
@@ -1056,19 +1174,19 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 4
 
          task foo(int local_var);
-            fork
-               #10 begin
-                  int forked_var = local_var;
-                  forked_var++;
-               end
-               #20 begin
-                  // Note that we are going to print the original value here,
-                  // as `forked_var`is a local copy that was initialized while
-                  // `foo` was still alive.
-                  int forked_var = local_var;
-                  $display("forked_var = %d", forked_var)
-               end
-            join_none
+           fork
+             #10 begin
+               int forked_var = local_var;
+               forked_var++;
+             end
+             #20 begin
+               // Note that we are going to print the original value here,
+               // as `forked_var`is a local copy that was initialized while
+               // `foo` was still alive.
+               int forked_var = local_var;
+               $display("forked_var = %d", forked_var)
+             end
+           join_none
          endtask
 
    If you need to share its state, another strategy is to ensure it's allocated
@@ -1081,10 +1199,10 @@ List Of Warnings
          int static_var;
 
          task foo();
-            fork
-               #10 static_var++;
-               #20 $display("static_var = %d", static_var);
-            join_none
+           fork
+             #10 static_var++;
+             #20 $display("static_var = %d", static_var);
+           join_none
          endtask
 
    However, if you need to be able to instantiate at runtime, the solution would be to
@@ -1096,23 +1214,23 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 2
 
          class Wrapper;
-            int m_var;
+           int m_var;
 
-            // Here we implicitly hold a reference to `this`
-            task foo();
-               fork
-                  #10 m_var++;
-                  #20 $display("this.m_var = %d", m_var);
-               join_none
-            endtask
+           // Here we implicitly hold a reference to `this`
+           task foo();
+             fork
+               #10 m_var++;
+               #20 $display("this.m_var = %d", m_var);
+             join_none
+           endtask
          endclass
 
          // Here we explicitly hold a handle to an object
          task bar(Wrapper wrapper);
-            fork
-               #10 wrapper.m_var++;
-               #20 $display("wrapper.m_var = %d", wrapper.m_var);
-            join_none
+           fork
+             #10 wrapper.m_var++;
+             #20 $display("wrapper.m_var = %d", wrapper.m_var);
+           join_none
          endtask
 
 .. option:: LITENDIAN
@@ -1123,7 +1241,7 @@ List Of Warnings
    backwards compatibility, new projects should use :option:`ASCRANGE`.
 
 
-.. option:: MINTYPMAX
+.. option:: MINTYPMAXDLY
 
    .. code-block:: sv
 
@@ -1154,8 +1272,8 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 3
 
          if (something)
-            statement_in_if;
-            statement_not_in_if;  //<--- Warning
+           statement_in_if;
+           statement_not_in_if;  //<--- Warning
 
    Results in:
 
@@ -1171,7 +1289,7 @@ List Of Warnings
       :emphasize-lines: 3
 
          if (something)
-            statement_in_if;
+           statement_in_if;
          statement_not_in_if;  //<--- Repaired
 
    Other tools with similar warnings: GCC -Wmisleading-indentation,
@@ -1286,6 +1404,21 @@ List Of Warnings
    simulate correctly.
 
 
+.. option:: NOEFFECT
+
+   Warns that the statement will have no effect and is roughly equivalent
+   to not being present.  This is only issued when it is "non-obvious",
+   e.g. a :code:`if (0)` will not result in this warning.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. code-block:: sv
+
+         foreach (array[]) begin ... end  //<--- Warning
+
+   For a fix, remove the statement.
+
+
 .. option:: NOLATCH
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -1309,6 +1442,27 @@ List Of Warnings
    simulate correctly.
 
 
+.. option:: NORETURN
+
+   Warns that a non-void function has no return statement, nor sets the
+   output result of the function.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst
+
+   To fix the issue, add a :code:`return` statement, or set the output
+   variable of the function, or make the function of data type
+   :code:`void`.
+
+   Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check; it will
+   simulate correctly.
+
+
 .. option:: NOTIMING
 
    Error when a timing-related construct that requires :vlopt:`--timing` has
@@ -1341,6 +1495,27 @@ List Of Warnings
    simulate correctly.
 
 
+.. option:: PARAMNODEFAULT
+
+   An error that a parameter is being declared that has no default value,
+   and this is being done in a non-ANSI block while this is only legal in
+   ANSI-style `#(...)` declarations.  IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.1 requires this
+   error, but some simulators accept this syntax.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_faulty.rst
+
+   Results in:
+
+   .. include:: ../../docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_msg.rst
+
+   To fix the issue, move to an ANSI-style declaration.
+
+   Suppressing this error will only suppress the IEEE-required check; it
+   will simulate correctly.
+
+
 .. option:: PINCONNECTEMPTY
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -1410,11 +1585,11 @@ List Of Warnings
        module a;
          localparam A=1;
          generate
-            if (A==0) begin
-               b b_inst1 (.x(1'b0));  //<--- error nonexistent port
-               b #(.PX(1'b0)) b_inst2 ();  //<--- error nonexistent parameter
-            end
-          endgenerate
+           if (A==0) begin
+             b b_inst1 (.x(1'b0));  //<--- error nonexistent port
+             b #(.PX(1'b0)) b_inst2 ();  //<--- error nonexistent parameter
+           end
+         endgenerate
        endmodule
 
        module b;
@@ -1554,6 +1729,19 @@ List Of Warnings
    accepts the protected code.
 
 
+.. option:: PROTOTYPEMIS
+
+   Error that a function prototype does not match in some respects the
+   out-of-block declaration of that function. IEEE requires this error.
+
+   The typical solution is to fix the prototype to match the declaration
+   exactly, including in number of arguments, name of arguments, argument
+   data types, and return data type (for functions).
+
+   Disabling this error will cause Verilator to ignore the prototype and
+   may make the code illegal in other tools.
+
+
 .. option:: RANDC
 
    Historical, never issued since version 5.018, when :code:`randc` became
@@ -1674,9 +1862,9 @@ List Of Warnings
 
          wire vec[6:0];
          initial begin
-            index = 7;
-            ...
-            if (index < 7) out = vec[index];  // Never will use vec[7]
+          index = 7;
+          ...
+          if (index < 7) out = vec[index];  // Never will use vec[7]
 
    Other tools with similar warnings: Icarus Verilog's select-range,
    "warning: ... [...] is selecting before vector" or "is selecting before
@@ -1742,6 +1930,18 @@ List Of Warnings
    simulators.
 
 
+.. option:: SPECIFYIGN
+
+   Warns that Verilator does not support certain constructs in
+   :code:`specify` blocks, nor :code:`$sdf_annotate`, and the construct was
+   ignored.
+
+   Disabling the :option:`UNSUPPORTED` error also disables this warning.
+
+   Ignoring this warning may make Verilator ignore lint checking on the
+   construct, and get different results from other simulators.
+
+
 .. option:: SPLITVAR
 
    Warns that a variable with a :option:`/*verilator&32;split_var*/`
@@ -1848,7 +2048,7 @@ List Of Warnings
          task foo(inout sig); ... endtask
          // ...
          always @* begin
-              foo(bus_we_select_from[2]);  // Will get TASKNSVAR error
+           foo(bus_we_select_from[2]);  // Will get TASKNSVAR error
          end
 
    Change this to:
@@ -1859,8 +2059,8 @@ List Of Warnings
          // ...
          reg foo_temp_out;
          always @* begin
-            foo(foo_temp_out);
-            bus_we_select_from[2] = foo_temp_out;
+           foo(foo_temp_out);
+           bus_we_select_from[2] = foo_temp_out;
          end
 
    Verilator doesn't do this conversion for you, as some more complicated
@@ -2105,6 +2305,14 @@ List Of Warnings
    :option:`UNUSEDSIGNAL`.
 
 
+.. option:: UNUSEDLOOP
+
+   .. TODO better example
+
+   Warns that a loop condition is always false, and so the body of the loop
+   will never be executed.
+
+
 .. option:: UNUSEDPARAM
 
    .. TODO better example

docs/internals.rst

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ as defined in the standard:
 - All other logic is assigned to the 'nba' region.
 
 For completeness, note that a subset of the 'act' region logic, specifically,
-the logic related to the pre-assignments of NBA updates (i.e., AstAssignPre
+the logic related to the pre-assignments of NBA updates (i.e., AstAlwaysPre
 nodes), is handled separately, but is executed as part of the 'act' region.
 
 Also note that all logic representing the committing of an NBA (i.e., Ast*Post)
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ Indentation and Naming Style
 ----------------------------
 
 We will work with contributors to fix up indentation style issues, but it
-is appreciated if you could match our style:
+is appreciated if you could match our style for C/C++:
 
 - Use "mixedCapsSymbols" instead of "underlined_symbols".
 
@@ -1143,9 +1143,8 @@ is appreciated if you could match our style:
   calls. (This convention has not been applied retroactively.)
 
 C and Python indentation is automatically maintained with "make format"
-using clang-format version 10.0.0, and yapf for python, and is
-automatically corrected in the CI actions. For those manually formatting C
-code:
+using clang-format version 18, and yapf for Python, and is automatically
+corrected in the CI actions. For those manually formatting C code:
 
 - Use four spaces per level, and no tabs.
 
@@ -1157,6 +1156,58 @@ code:
 - No spaces before semicolons, nor between a function's name and open
   parenthesis (only applies to functions; if/else has a following space).
 
+Verilog indentation is not yet automatically maintained, but:
+
+- Use two spaces per level, and no tabs.
+
+- Place `begin` on the same line as the earlier starting statement
+  e.g. `if`, and place the `end` on a separate line indented the same as
+  the starting statement.
+
+
+Commit messages
+---------------
+
+Pull requests do not typically edit ``Changes`` in order to reduce
+potential merge conflicts.  Instead, contributors should use an appropriate
+first line of the git commit message.  Maintainers periodically run
+``nodist/log_changes`` which analyzes the commit messages to suggest edits
+to the ``Changes`` file.
+
+The format of a commit message should be typically of the forms below.  The
+github issue number, and github pull number if different should be
+included.
+
+"Add <some feature> (#1234)"
+   For adding a new feature.
+"Fix <some item> (#1234)"
+   For a bug fix.
+"Improve <some item> (#1234)"
+   For improving something that previously existed.
+"Optimize <some item> (#1234)"
+   For improving performance.
+"Support <some feature> (#1234)"
+   For features that are described by IEEE were previously not supported.
+"Commentary"
+   For a super-trivial change to e.g. documentation.
+   These will typically not get described in the Changes file.
+"CI: <Add/Improve/etc as above> (#1234)"
+   For changes that only concern github actions.
+   These will typically not get described in the Changes file.
+"Tests: <Add/Improve/etc as above> (#1234)"
+   For changes that only concern tests.
+   These will typically not get described in the Changes file.
+"Internals: <Add/Improve/etc as above> (#1234)"
+   For changes that only concern developers, e.g. code cleanups.
+   These will typically not get described in the Changes file.
+
+The line's grammar should match the phrasing used in the Changes file.
+
+If the change does not affect user-visible function, also add "No
+functional change." if it's 99% certain not to change behavior, or "No
+functional change expected." if no change was expected but there may be
+uncertainty.
+
 
 The ``astgen`` Script
 ---------------------
@@ -1164,7 +1215,7 @@ The ``astgen`` Script
 The ``astgen`` script is used to generate some of the repetitive C++ code
 related to the ``AstNode`` type hierarchy. An example is the abstract ``visit``
 methods in ``VNVisitor``. There are other uses; please see the ``*__gen*``
-files in the bulid directories and the ``astgen`` script for details.  A
+files in the build directories and the ``astgen`` script for details.  A
 description of the more advanced features of ``astgen`` are provided here.
 
 
@@ -1573,7 +1624,7 @@ Benchmarking
 ------------
 
 For benchmarking the effects of changes (simulation speed, memory consumption,
-verilation time, etc.), you can use `RTLMeter
+Verilation time, etc.), you can use `RTLMeter
 <https://github.com/verilator/rtlmeter>`__, a benchmark suite designed for this
 purpose. The scripts provided with RTLMeter have many capabilities. For full
 details, see the `documentation of RTLMeter
@@ -1605,6 +1656,54 @@ significant variance. Experience shows that a ~20% time difference can be
 reliably measured on GitHub hosted runners, and smaller differences are
 noticeable over a few days of reruns as trends emerge from the noise.
 
+Code coverage
+-------------
+
+Code coverage for developing Verilator itself can be collected using ``gcc``
+and ``gcov`` with the following flow. Note that configuring with
+``--enable-dev-gcov`` disables optimization for both the debug and optimized
+builds of Verilator, so running the resulting executables can be slow:
+
+.. code:: shell
+
+   ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-dev-gcov
+   make -j$(nproc)        # Build verilator
+   make test              # Run the tests - this will generate .gcda files
+   make coverage-view     # Create and open HTML coverate reprot
+
+
+The ``coverage-view`` make target opens the generated coverage report. This
+depends on ``coverage-report``, which generates the HTML coverage report. That
+turn depends on ``coverage-combine``, which combines all ``.gcda`` files into
+an lcov data file. Each of these make targets can be used separately if
+desired.
+
+You can also use the ``coverage-zero`` target to remove all ``.gcda`` files,
+which in effect clears all collected coverage data. This can be useful when
+checking individual test cases while modifying them.
+
+To collect coverage only for select tests, instead of ``make test``, run the
+individual ``test_regress/t/*.py`` cases, then use ``make coverage-view`` as
+before.
+
+Note that every time binary built with coverage collection is invoked, it will
+add the coverage data collected during that invocation to the existing
+``.gcda`` files. This means that ``verilator`` can also be run on any other
+external files or projects to collect code coverage on those invocations.
+
+Be aware if changing a test, if that test no longer covers some item, the
+report will still contain the old coverage. Use ``make coverage-zero`` and
+rerun all tests if this is a concern.
+
+It is also possible to generate a 'patch coverage' report, which will only
+contain information about lines modified compared to a Git ref specified by the
+``COVERAGE_BASE`` Make variable (including uncommitted changes). For example,
+to see coverage of changes compared to upstream, use:
+
+.. code:: shell
+
+   make coverage-view COVERAGE_BASE=origin/master
+
 Fuzzing
 -------
 
@@ -1995,10 +2094,8 @@ Generally, what would you do to add a new feature?
 
 2. Make a testcase in the test_regress/t/t_EXAMPLE format, see `Testing`.
 
-3. If grammar changes are needed, look at the git version of VerilogPerl's
-   src/VParseGrammar.y, as this grammar supports the full SystemVerilog
-   language and has a lot of back-and-forth with Verilator's grammar. Copy
-   the appropriate rules to src/verilog.y and modify the productions.
+3. If grammar changes are needed, look at the IEEE 1800-2023 Appendix A, as
+   src/verilog.y generally follows the same rule layout.
 
 4. If a new Ast type is needed, add it to the appropriate V3AstNode*.h.
    Follow the convention described above about the AstNode type hierarchy.
@@ -2065,6 +2162,14 @@ the regression tests with OBJCACHE enabled and in parallel on a machine
 with many cores.  See the -j option and OBJCACHE environment variable.
 
 
+driver.py Pass-Thru Arguments
+-----------------------------
+
+Arguments not understood by `driver.py` which begin with `+verilator+` are
+passed through as Verilated executable arguments. Other not-understood
+arguments are passed as Verilator arguments.
+
+
 driver.py Non-Scenario Arguments
 --------------------------------
 
@@ -2137,17 +2242,15 @@ driver.py Non-Scenario Arguments
 --rrsim
   Run Verilator generated executable and record with ``rr``.
 
---sanitize
-  Enable address sanitizer to compile Verilated C++ code.  This may detect
-  misuses of memory, such as out-of-bound accesses, use-after-free, and
-  memory leaks.
-
 --site
   Run site-specific tests also.
 
 --stop
   Stop on the first error.
 
+--top-filename <file>
+  Override the default Verilog file name.
+
 --trace
   Set the simulator-specific flags to request waveform tracing.
 

docs/spelling.txt

@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ Katzman
 Kelin
 Keren
 Keyi
+Keßler
 Kimmitt
 Kindgren
 Kirkham
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ Noack
 Nodine
 Ober
 Oleg
+Oler
 Olof
 Olofsson
 Oron
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ Rolfe
 Rontionov
 Roodselaar
 Roshit
+Rufer
 Runtime
 Ruud
 Rystsov
@@ -427,6 +430,7 @@ Terpstra
 Thiede
 Thierry
 Thyer
+Tianchen
 Tianrui
 Tichelaar
 Timi
@@ -470,6 +474,7 @@ Verilog
 Vighnesh
 Viktor
 Vilp
+VlWide
 Vlip
 Vm
 Vukobratovic
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ Wfuture
 Whatson
 Wildman
 Wim
+Wipfli
 Wmisleading
 Wno
 Wojciech
@@ -511,6 +517,7 @@ Zhang
 abirkmanis
 accessor
 accessors
+acyclic
 adrienlemasle
 agrobman
 ahouska
@@ -523,6 +530,8 @@ ar
 architected
 args
 arrarys
+asan
+aslr
 assertOn
 assertcontrol
 astgen
@@ -585,7 +594,9 @@ combinational
 combinatorial
 commandArgsPlusMatch
 compilable
+computable
 concat
+concatenatable
 concats
 conf
 config
@@ -600,9 +611,11 @@ coroutines
 countbits
 countones
 cout
+covergroup
 cpp
 cppstyle
 cpu
+cpure
 ctor
 ctrace
 cutable
@@ -624,9 +637,11 @@ defparam
 demangling
 dep
 deparametrized
+deque
 der
 dereference
 dereferenced
+dereferencing
 desassign
 deserialize
 destructor
@@ -635,7 +650,9 @@ detections
 dev
 devcontainer
 devel
+difftree
 dir
+disambiguates
 displayb
 distcc
 doxygen
@@ -664,6 +681,7 @@ elab
 eliasphanna
 elike
 elsif
+enablement
 endcase
 endcelldefine
 endclass
@@ -734,7 +752,9 @@ fwrite
 gantt
 gcc
 gcda
+gcov
 gdb
+gdbinit
 genblk
 genvar
 genvars
@@ -752,8 +772,8 @@ hdr
 hdzhangdoc
 hh
 hier
-hierCMakeArgs
 hierMkArgs
+hierMkJsonArgs
 hierParameters
 hierVer
 html
@@ -833,6 +853,7 @@ miree
 mis
 misconnected
 misconversion
+misdetecting
 misoptimized
 missized
 mk
@@ -969,6 +990,8 @@ realtime
 realtobits
 recoding
 recrem
+recurse
+recurses
 redeclaring
 regs
 reloop
@@ -1085,6 +1108,7 @@ unbased
 uncomment
 undef
 undefineall
+undefs
 undriven
 ungetc
 unhandled
@@ -1100,6 +1124,7 @@ unroller
 unsized
 unsup
 untyped
+upcasting
 urandom
 uselib
 utimes

include/verilated.cpp

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 # include <execinfo.h>
 # define _VL_HAVE_STACKTRACE
 #endif
-#if defined(__linux) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__))
+#if defined(__unix__) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__))
 # include <sys/time.h>
 # include <sys/resource.h>
 # define _VL_HAVE_GETRLIMIT
@@ -168,7 +168,12 @@ void vl_fatal(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, const char* m
 
     // Callbacks prior to termination
     Verilated::runExitCallbacks();
-    std::abort();
+
+    if (Verilated::debug()) {
+        std::abort();
+    } else {
+        std::exit(1);
+    }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -251,8 +256,8 @@ std::string _vl_string_vprintf(const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SAFE {
 }
 
 uint64_t _vl_dbg_sequence_number() VL_MT_SAFE {
-    static std::atomic<uint64_t> sequence;
-    return ++sequence;
+    static std::atomic<uint64_t> s_sequence;
+    return ++s_sequence;
 }
 
 uint32_t VL_THREAD_ID() VL_MT_SAFE {
@@ -289,6 +294,16 @@ void VL_PRINTF_MT(const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
     }});
 }
 
+//===========================================================================
+// Process -- parts of std::process implementation
+
+std::string VlProcess::randstate() const VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+    return VlRNG::vl_thread_rng().get_randstate();
+}
+void VlProcess::randstate(const std::string& state) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+    VlRNG::vl_thread_rng().set_randstate(state);
+}
+
 //===========================================================================
 // Random -- Mostly called at init time, so not inline.
 
@@ -622,11 +637,9 @@ WDataOutP VL_POW_WWW(int obits, int, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lw
     VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(owords <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
     owp[0] = 1;
     for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
-    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress variableScope
     VlWide<VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS> powstore;  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
     VlWide<VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS> lastpowstore;  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
     VlWide<VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS> lastoutstore;  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
-    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress variableScope
     VL_ASSIGN_W(obits, powstore, lwp);
     for (int bit = 0; bit < rbits; ++bit) {
         if (bit > 0) {  // power = power*power
@@ -1319,6 +1332,19 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
                 _vl_vsss_advance(fp, floc);
                 break;
             }
+            case '0':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '1':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '2':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '3':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '4':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '5':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '6':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '7':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '8':  // FALLTHRU
+            case '9': {
+                inPct = true;
+                break;
+            }
             case '*':
                 inPct = true;
                 inIgnore = true;
@@ -1326,7 +1352,7 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
             default: {
                 // Deal with all read-and-scan somethings
                 // Note LSBs are preserved if there's an overflow
-                const int obits = inIgnore ? 0 : va_arg(ap, int);
+                int obits = inIgnore ? 0 : va_arg(ap, int);
                 VlWide<VL_WQ_WORDS_E> qowp;
                 VL_SET_WQ(qowp, 0ULL);
                 WDataOutP owp = qowp;
@@ -1379,7 +1405,6 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
                     _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp, floc, fromp, fstr);
                     _vl_vsss_read_str(fp, floc, fromp, fstr, t_tmp, "+-.0123456789eE");
                     if (!t_tmp[0]) goto done;
-                    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress unusedStructMember, unreadVariable
                     union {
                         double r;
                         int64_t ld;
@@ -1388,7 +1413,26 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
                     VL_SET_WQ(owp, u.ld);
                     break;
                 }
-                case 't':  // FALLTHRU  // Time
+                case 't': {  // Time
+                    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp, floc, fromp, fstr);
+                    _vl_vsss_read_str(fp, floc, fromp, fstr, t_tmp, "+-.0123456789eE");
+                    if (!t_tmp[0]) goto done;
+                    union {
+                        double r;
+                        int64_t ld;
+                    } u;
+                    // Get pointer argument first, as proceeds the timeunit value
+                    if (obits != 64) goto done;
+                    QData* const realp = va_arg(ap, QData*);
+                    const int timeunit = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    const int userUnits
+                        = Verilated::threadContextp()->impp()->timeFormatUnits();  // 0..-15
+                    const int shift = -userUnits + timeunit;  // 0..-15
+                    u.r = std::strtod(t_tmp, nullptr) * vl_time_multiplier(-shift);
+                    *realp = VL_CLEAN_QQ(obits, obits, u.ld);
+                    obits = 0;  // Already loaded the value, don't read arg
+                    break;
+                }
                 case '#': {  // Unsigned decimal
                     _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp, floc, fromp, fstr);
                     _vl_vsss_read_str(fp, floc, fromp, fstr, t_tmp, "0123456789+-xXzZ?_");
@@ -1753,7 +1797,7 @@ uint64_t VL_MURMUR64_HASH(const char* key) VL_PURE {
 
     uint64_t h = seed ^ (len * m);
 
-    const uint64_t* data = (const uint64_t*)key;
+    const uint64_t* data = reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(key);
     const uint64_t* end = data + (len / 8);
 
     while (data != end) {
@@ -1767,7 +1811,7 @@ uint64_t VL_MURMUR64_HASH(const char* key) VL_PURE {
         h *= m;
     }
 
-    const unsigned char* data2 = (const unsigned char*)data;
+    const unsigned char* data2 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(data);
 
     switch (len & 7) {
     case 7: h ^= uint64_t(data2[6]) << 48; /* fallthrough */
@@ -2146,7 +2190,6 @@ VlReadMem::VlReadMem(bool hex, int bits, const std::string& filename, QData star
     if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_fp)) {
         // We don't report the Verilog source filename as it slow to have to pass it down
         VL_WARN_MT(filename.c_str(), 0, "", "$readmem file not found");
-        // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress resourceLeak  // m_fp is nullptr
         return;
     }
 }
@@ -2286,7 +2329,6 @@ VlWriteMem::VlWriteMem(bool hex, int bits, const std::string& filename, QData st
     m_fp = std::fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
     if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_fp)) {
         VL_FATAL_MT(filename.c_str(), 0, "", "$writemem file not found");
-        // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress resourceLeak  // m_fp is nullptr
         return;
     }
 }
@@ -2461,16 +2503,15 @@ void VL_WRITEMEM_N(bool hex,  // Hex format, else binary
 // Timescale conversion
 
 static const char* vl_time_str(int scale) VL_PURE {
-    static const char* const names[]
+    static const char* const s_names[]
         = {"100s",  "10s",  "1s",  "100ms", "10ms", "1ms", "100us", "10us", "1us",
            "100ns", "10ns", "1ns", "100ps", "10ps", "1ps", "100fs", "10fs", "1fs"};
     if (VL_UNLIKELY(scale > 2 || scale < -15)) scale = 0;
-    return names[2 - scale];
+    return s_names[2 - scale];
 }
 double vl_time_multiplier(int scale) VL_PURE {
     // Return timescale multiplier -18 to +18
     // For speed, this does not check for illegal values
-    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBoundsCond
     if (scale < 0) {
         static const double neg10[] = {1.0,
                                        0.1,
@@ -2491,7 +2532,6 @@ double vl_time_multiplier(int scale) VL_PURE {
                                        0.0000000000000001,
                                        0.00000000000000001,
                                        0.000000000000000001};
-        // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBoundsCond
         return neg10[-scale];
     } else {
         static const double pow10[] = {1.0,
@@ -2513,7 +2553,6 @@ double vl_time_multiplier(int scale) VL_PURE {
                                        10000000000000000.0,
                                        100000000000000000.0,
                                        1000000000000000000.0};
-        // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress arrayIndexOutOfBoundsCond
         return pow10[scale];
     }
 }
@@ -2768,11 +2807,11 @@ void VerilatedContext::threads(unsigned n) {
 
     if (m_threads == n) return;  // To avoid unnecessary warnings
     m_threads = n;
-    const unsigned hardwareThreadsAvailable = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
-    if (m_threads > hardwareThreadsAvailable) {
-        VL_PRINTF_MT("%%Warning: System has %u hardware threads but simulation thread count set "
-                     "to %u. This will likely cause significant slowdown.\n",
-                     hardwareThreadsAvailable, m_threads);
+    const unsigned threadsAvailableToProcess = VlOs::getProcessDefaultParallelism();
+    if (m_threads > threadsAvailableToProcess) {
+        VL_PRINTF_MT("%%Warning: Process has %u hardware threads available, but simulation thread "
+                     "count set to %u. This will likely cause significant slowdown.\n",
+                     threadsAvailableToProcess, m_threads);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2809,7 +2848,7 @@ void VerilatedContext::internalsDump() const VL_MT_SAFE {
     VerilatedImp::userDump();
 }
 
-void VerilatedContext::addModel(VerilatedModel* modelp) {
+void VerilatedContext::addModel(const VerilatedModel* modelp) {
     if (!quiet()) {
         // CPU time isn't read as starting point until model creation, so that quiet() is set
         // Thus if quiet(), avoids slow OS read affecting some usages that make many models
@@ -2820,11 +2859,13 @@ void VerilatedContext::addModel(VerilatedModel* modelp) {
 
     // We look for time passing, as opposed to post-eval(), as embedded
     // models might get added inside initial blocks.
-    if (VL_UNLIKELY(time()))
-        VL_FATAL_MT(
-            "", 0, "",
-            "Adding model when time is non-zero. ... Suggest check time(), or for restarting"
-            " model use a new VerilatedContext");
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(time())) {
+        const std::string msg
+            = "Adding model '"s + modelp->hierName()
+              + "' when time is non-zero. ... Suggest check time(), or for restarting"
+                " model use a new VerilatedContext";
+        VL_FATAL_MT("", 0, "", msg.c_str());
+    }
 
     threadPoolp();  // Ensure thread pool is created, so m_threads cannot change any more
     m_threadsInModels += modelp->threads();
@@ -2847,7 +2888,7 @@ VerilatedVirtualBase* VerilatedContext::threadPoolp() {
 void VerilatedContext::prepareClone() { delete m_threadPool.release(); }
 
 VerilatedVirtualBase* VerilatedContext::threadPoolpOnClone() {
-    if (VL_UNLIKELY(m_threadPool)) m_threadPool.release();
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(m_threadPool)) (void)m_threadPool.release();
     m_threadPool = std::unique_ptr<VlThreadPool>(new VlThreadPool{this, m_threads - 1});
     return m_threadPool.get();
 }
@@ -3061,7 +3102,9 @@ void VerilatedContext::statsPrintSummary() VL_MT_UNSAFE {
         = vl_timescaled_double((cputime != 0.0) ? (simtimeInUnits / cputime) : 0, "%0.3f %s");
     VL_PRINTF("- Verilator: %s at %s; walltime %0.3f s; speed %s/s\n", endwhy.c_str(),
               simtime.c_str(), walltime, simtimePerf.c_str());
-    const double modelMB = VlOs::memUsageBytes() / 1024.0 / 1024.0;
+    uint64_t memPeak, memCurrent;
+    VlOs::memUsageBytes(memPeak /*ref*/, memCurrent /*ref*/);
+    const double modelMB = memPeak / 1024.0 / 1024.0;
     VL_PRINTF("- Verilator: cpu %0.3f s on %u threads; alloced %0.0f MB\n", cputime,
               threadsInModels(), modelMB);
 }
@@ -3126,7 +3169,7 @@ void VerilatedContext::trace(VerilatedTraceBaseC* tfp, int levels, int options)
         VL_FATAL_MT("", 0, "",
                     "Testbench C call to 'VerilatedContext::trace()' requires model(s) Verilated"
                     " with --trace-fst or --trace-vcd option");
-    for (auto& cbr : m_ns.m_traceBaseModelCbs) cbr(tfp, levels, options);
+    for (const auto& cbr : m_ns.m_traceBaseModelCbs) cbr(tfp, levels, options);
 }
 void VerilatedContext::traceBaseModelCbAdd(traceBaseModelCb_t cb) VL_MT_SAFE {
     // Model creation registering a callback for when Verilated::trace() called
@@ -3141,7 +3184,6 @@ VerilatedSyms::VerilatedSyms(VerilatedContext* contextp)
     : _vm_contextp__(contextp ? contextp : Verilated::threadContextp()) {
     VerilatedContext::checkMagic(_vm_contextp__);
     Verilated::threadContextp(_vm_contextp__);
-    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress noCopyConstructor
     __Vm_evalMsgQp = new VerilatedEvalMsgQueue;
 }
 
@@ -3381,7 +3423,7 @@ VerilatedModule::VerilatedModule(const char* namep)
 
 VerilatedModule::~VerilatedModule() {
     // Memory cleanup - not called during normal operation
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-readability-casting)
+    // cppcheck-suppress cstyleCast  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-readability-casting)
     if (m_namep) VL_DO_CLEAR(free((void*)(m_namep)), m_namep = nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -3543,16 +3585,16 @@ void VerilatedScope::scopeDump() const {
                          VerilatedImp::exportName(i));
         }
     }
-    if (const VerilatedVarNameMap* const varsp = this->varsp()) {
-        for (const auto& i : *varsp) VL_PRINTF_MT("       VAR %p: %s\n", &(i.second), i.first);
+    if (const VerilatedVarNameMap* const ivarsp = this->varsp()) {
+        for (const auto& i : *ivarsp) VL_PRINTF_MT("       VAR %p: %s\n", &(i.second), i.first);
     }
 }
 
-void VerilatedHierarchy::add(VerilatedScope* fromp, VerilatedScope* top) {
+void VerilatedHierarchy::add(const VerilatedScope* fromp, const VerilatedScope* top) {
     VerilatedImp::hierarchyAdd(fromp, top);
 }
 
-void VerilatedHierarchy::remove(VerilatedScope* fromp, VerilatedScope* top) {
+void VerilatedHierarchy::remove(const VerilatedScope* fromp, const VerilatedScope* top) {
     VerilatedImp::hierarchyRemove(fromp, top);
 }