Merge from master for release.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Andrieiev <[email protected]>

.bake.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# mbake configuration file
+# DESCRIPTION: mbake configuration file
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
 
 [formatter]
 # Indentation settings

.clang-tidy

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*'
+Checks:          '*,-hicpp*,-android-cloexec-fopen,-cert-dcl50-cpp,-cert-env33-c,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp,-clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,-clang-analyzer-security*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage,-cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc,-cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,-cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,-fuchsia-*,-google-default-arguments,-google-readability-todo,-google-runtime-references,-llvm-header-guard,-llvm-include-order,-misc-string-integer-assignment,-misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,-readability-braces-around-statements,-readability-container-size-empty,-readability-delete-null-pointer,-readability-else-after-return,-readability-implicit-bool-conversion,-readability-named-parameter,-readability-static-accessed-through-instance,-llvmlibc-*,-altera-*,-boost-use-ranges'
 WarningsAsErrors: ''
 HeaderFilterRegex: ''
 FormatStyle:     none

.codecov.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
 #
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ####################
 # Validate:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+---
+blank_issues_enabled: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -7,18 +7,34 @@ assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+<!--
 Thanks for taking the time to report this.
 
-Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space
+
+Please remove this block when composing, and all other blocks starting with < !--.
+-->
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?
+
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer. Examples must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs -->
 
 What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
 
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer -->
+
 What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
 
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer -->
+
 What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
 
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer -->
+
 What OS and distribution are you using?
 
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer -->
+
 May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
 
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer - then hit "Preview" to see the formatted result before submitting.  -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+<!--
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.
+
+Please remove this block when composing, and all other blocks starting with < !--.
+-->
+
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)
+<!-- Please replace this with your answer - then hit "Preview" to see the formatted result before submitting. -->

.github/actions/artifact-cache/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions composite action
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Artifact cache
+description: >-
+  Cache a directory across workflow runs using a GitHub Actions artifact instead
+  of actions/cache (useful where artifacts are preferable, e.g. no 10 GB limit
+  on public repos). The base 'key' is scoped automatically: per pull request
+  (<key>-pr-<N>) or per branch (<key>-branch-<name>), and on a PR restore falls
+  back to the target branch's cache. Call once with mode=restore before the work
+  and once with mode=save after, passing the same 'key' and 'path'.
+
+  Branch-scoped restores are provenance-checked (the artifact must come from a
+  same-repo push to that branch) - artifact names are a global, unauthenticated
+  namespace, so otherwise a fork PR could forge one.
+
+  mode=restore calls the GitHub API via 'gh', so the caller's job must grant
+  'actions: read'.
+
+inputs:
+  mode:
+    description: "'restore' or 'save'"
+    required: true
+  path:
+    description: "Directory to cache (archived on save, extracted into on restore)"
+    required: true
+  key:
+    description: "Base artifact name; scoped per PR/branch automatically"
+    required: true
+  retention-days:
+    description: "Artifact retention in days (mode=save)"
+    required: false
+    default: '3'
+  token:
+    description: "Token for the GitHub API (mode=restore); defaults to the job's GITHUB_TOKEN"
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+
+outputs:
+  key:
+    description: "Echoes the input 'key', so a later save can reuse it without repeating the expression"
+    value: ${{ inputs.key }}
+  cache-hit:
+    description: "'true' if an artifact was restored (mode=restore)"
+    value: ${{ steps.restore.outputs.cache-hit }}
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Check mode
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        MODE: ${{ inputs.mode }}
+      run: |
+        case "$MODE" in
+          restore|save) ;;
+          *) echo "::error::artifact-cache: 'mode' must be 'restore' or 'save' (got '$MODE')"; exit 1 ;;
+        esac
+
+    # Scope the base key: <key>-pr-<N> for pull requests (with the target branch
+    # as fallback), else <key>-branch-<name>. Refs come via env, not ${{ }}
+    # interpolation, so a branch name with shell metacharacters can't inject.
+    - name: Compute artifact name
+      id: name
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        BASE_KEY: ${{ inputs.key }}
+        EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+        PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+        BASE_REF: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
+        REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        sanitize() { printf '%s' "$1" | tr '/' '-'; }  # artifact names cannot contain '/'
+        if [ "$EVENT_NAME" = pull_request ]; then
+          {
+            echo "primary=${BASE_KEY}-pr-${PR_NUMBER}"
+            echo "primary-branch="
+            echo "fallback=${BASE_KEY}-branch-$(sanitize "$BASE_REF")"
+            echo "fallback-branch=$BASE_REF"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        else
+          {
+            echo "primary=${BASE_KEY}-branch-$(sanitize "$REF_NAME")"
+            echo "primary-branch=$REF_NAME"
+            echo "fallback="
+            echo "fallback-branch="
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        fi
+
+    - name: Restore artifact cache
+      id: restore
+      if: ${{ inputs.mode == 'restore' }}
+      continue-on-error: true  # a cold start is fine; a restore failure must not fail the caller
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        GH_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.token || github.token }}
+        CACHE_PATH: ${{ inputs.path }}
+        PRIMARY: ${{ steps.name.outputs.primary }}
+        PRIMARY_BRANCH: ${{ steps.name.outputs.primary-branch }}
+        FALLBACK: ${{ steps.name.outputs.fallback }}
+        FALLBACK_BRANCH: ${{ steps.name.outputs.fallback-branch }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        mkdir -p "$CACHE_PATH"
+        # Newest non-expired artifact named $1 (empty if none). With a non-empty
+        # $2 (branch), require provenance: a same-repo run (head_repository_id ==
+        # repository_id) whose head branch is $2, so a fork cannot forge it.
+        newest_run_id() {
+          want="$1" br="$2" gh api \
+            "/repos/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/artifacts?name=$1&per_page=100" \
+            --jq '.artifacts[]
+                  | select(.expired == false and .name == env.want)
+                  | select(env.br == ""
+                           or (.workflow_run.head_branch == env.br
+                               and .workflow_run.head_repository_id == .workflow_run.repository_id))
+                  | [.created_at, (.workflow_run.id | tostring)] | @tsv' \
+            | sort | tail -n1 | cut -f2
+        }
+        restore() {  # $1=name $2=branch(empty ok); returns 0 on a successful restore
+          local name="$1" br="$2" rid tarball
+          [ -n "$name" ] || return 1
+          rid="$(newest_run_id "$name" "$br")" || return 1
+          [ -n "$rid" ] || return 1
+          echo "Restoring '$CACHE_PATH' from artifact '$name' (run $rid)"
+          gh run download "$rid" -R "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --name "$name" --dir "$RUNNER_TEMP/artifact-cache-dl" || return 1
+          # Each artifact holds a single tarball; match by extension so the inner
+          # filename is not part of the contract.
+          tarball="$(find "$RUNNER_TEMP/artifact-cache-dl" -name '*.tar.zst' -print -quit)"
+          [ -n "$tarball" ] || return 1
+          tar -I zstd -x -f "$tarball" -C "$CACHE_PATH"
+        }
+        if restore "$PRIMARY" "$PRIMARY_BRANCH"; then
+          echo "Restored from primary key"
+          echo "cache-hit=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        elif restore "$FALLBACK" "$FALLBACK_BRANCH"; then
+          echo "Restored from fallback key"
+          echo "cache-hit=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        else
+          echo "No matching artifact found; starting cold"
+          echo "cache-hit=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        fi
+
+    - name: Pack artifact cache
+      id: pack
+      if: ${{ inputs.mode == 'save' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        CACHE_PATH: ${{ inputs.path }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        packdir="$(mktemp -d)"  # unique dir so concurrent saves cannot collide
+        tar -I 'zstd -T0' -cf "$packdir/cache.tar.zst" -C "$CACHE_PATH" .
+        echo "tarball=$packdir/cache.tar.zst" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+    - name: Upload artifact cache
+      if: ${{ inputs.mode == 'save' }}
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
+      with:
+        name: ${{ steps.name.outputs.primary }}
+        path: ${{ steps.pack.outputs.tarball }}
+        retention-days: ${{ inputs.retention-days }}
+        overwrite: true
+        compression-level: 0  # tarball is already zstd-compressed

.github/actions/install-deps/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions composite action
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Install dependencies
+description: >-
+  Install the dependencies of a CI stage with 'ci/ci-install.bash', caching the
+  '.deb' files apt downloads for that stage, so a package is fetched from the
+  network at most once per runner image. On hosts that do not use apt this is
+  just the install, there is nothing to cache.
+
+inputs:
+  repo:
+    description: "Verilator checkout holding the ci/ scripts"
+    required: false
+    default: repo
+  stage:
+    description: "CI stage to install the dependencies of, e.g. 'build'"
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Compute apt cache key
+      id: cachekey
+      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+      shell: bash
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.repo }}
+      env:
+        STAGE: ${{ inputs.stage }}
+      run: |
+        source ci/ci-common.bash
+        host="${DISTRO_ID:-$HOST_OS}${DISTRO_VERSION:+-$DISTRO_VERSION}"
+        echo "key=apt-${host}-${STAGE}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+    - name: Restore apt downloads
+      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ runner.temp }}/apt-cache
+        key: ${{ steps.cachekey.outputs.key }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ steps.cachekey.outputs.key }}-
+
+    - name: Seed apt archive from cache
+      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        APT_CACHE_DIR: ${{ runner.temp }}/apt-cache
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        # Ask apt where it keeps its downloads, rather than assume
+        eval "$(apt-config shell ARCHIVES Dir::Cache::archives/d)"
+        ARCHIVES=${ARCHIVES%/}  # '/d' yields a trailing slash
+        # Wipe the archive first, so that whatever the runner image left behind is not stored
+        sudo apt-get -o DPkg::Lock::Timeout=60 clean
+        # The directory is absent when nothing was restored, e.g. on a cold start
+        if [ -d "$APT_CACHE_DIR" ] &&
+          [ -n "$(find "$APT_CACHE_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.deb' -print -quit)" ]; then
+          sudo cp "$APT_CACHE_DIR"/*.deb "$ARCHIVES"
+        fi
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      shell: bash
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.repo }}
+      env:
+        STAGE: ${{ inputs.stage }}
+      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash "$STAGE"
+
+    - name: Collect apt downloads
+      id: collect
+      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        APT_CACHE_DIR: ${{ runner.temp }}/apt-cache
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        # Ask apt where it keeps its downloads, rather than assume
+        eval "$(apt-config shell ARCHIVES Dir::Cache::archives/d)"
+        ARCHIVES=${ARCHIVES%/}  # '/d' yields a trailing slash
+        # Sorted names of the '.deb' files in a directory, empty if it has none
+        list-debs() {
+          [ -d "$1" ] || return 0
+          find "$1" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.deb' -printf '%f\n' | sort
+        }
+        # Superseded downloads can no longer be fetched, so drop them
+        sudo apt-get -o DPkg::Lock::Timeout=60 autoclean
+        downloaded=$(list-debs "$ARCHIVES")
+        if [ -z "$downloaded" ]; then
+          echo "Apt kept no '.deb' files, nothing to cache"
+          exit 0
+        fi
+        if [ "$downloaded" = "$(list-debs "$APT_CACHE_DIR")" ]; then
+          echo "Downloads unchanged, keeping the restored cache entry"
+          exit 0
+        fi
+        # Mirror the archive, rather than add to it, so that the cache cannot
+        # grow without bound as package versions churn
+        mkdir -p "$APT_CACHE_DIR"
+        rm -f "$APT_CACHE_DIR"/*.deb
+        sudo cp "$ARCHIVES"/*.deb "$APT_CACHE_DIR"
+        echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+    - name: Save apt downloads
+      if: ${{ steps.collect.outputs.changed == 'true' }}
+      uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ runner.temp }}/apt-cache
+        key: ${{ steps.cachekey.outputs.key }}-${{ github.run_id }}

.github/actions/setup-venv/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions composite action
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Set up Python venv
+description: >-
+  Restore, create, and optionally save the make-managed Python venv in a GitHub
+  Actions cache. The cache key combines the venv path (venvs are not
+  relocatable), the host OS and version, the Python major.minor version, and
+  the python-dev-requirements.txt hash, so any of those changing invalidates
+  it. Requires the already-configured Verilator tree to be present in 'repo'.
+
+inputs:
+  repo:
+    description: "Verilator checkout holding the Makefile and .venv"
+    required: false
+    default: repo
+  save:
+    description: "Save the cache on a miss (set true only on trusted branches)"
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Compute Python venv cache key
+      id: cachekey
+      shell: bash
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.repo }}
+      run: |
+        source ci/ci-common.bash
+        host="${DISTRO_ID:-$HOST_OS}${DISTRO_VERSION:+-$DISTRO_VERSION}"
+        pyver="$(python3 -c 'import sys; print("%d.%d" % sys.version_info[:2])')"
+        reqs="$(sha256sum python-dev-requirements.txt | cut -d' ' -f1)"
+        venv="${PWD#/}/.venv"  # absolute venv path (leading '/' trimmed)
+        echo "key=venv-${host}-py${pyver}-${reqs}-${venv//\//-}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+    - name: Restore Python venv
+      id: venv
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.repo }}/.venv
+        key: ${{ steps.cachekey.outputs.key }}
+
+    - name: Create Python venv
+      if: ${{ steps.venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+      shell: bash
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.repo }}
+      run: make venv
+
+    - name: Save Python venv
+      if: ${{ inputs.save == 'true' && steps.venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+      uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.repo }}/.venv
+        key: ${{ steps.venv.outputs.cache-primary-key }}

.github/actions/upload-pr-notification/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions composite action
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Upload PR notification
+description: >-
+  Upload the 'pr-notification' artifact, holding a comment for 'pages.yml' to
+  post on a pull request. The given directory must hold the content of the
+  comment in 'body.txt', and its single line summary in 'hist.txt'.
+
+inputs:
+  path:
+    description: "Directory holding the notification contents"
+    required: true
+  key:
+    description: "Unique key for combining comments"
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Validate
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        NOTIFICATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.path }}
+        EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+      run: |
+        # The notification is posted on the pull request of the triggering event
+        if [ "${EVENT_NAME}" != "pull_request" ]; then
+          echo "This action can only be used on a 'pull_request' run, but event is '${EVENT_NAME}'" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        # The content of the comment, and its single line summary
+        for f in body.txt hist.txt; do
+          if [ ! -f "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/${f}" ]; then
+            echo "No '${f}' in '${NOTIFICATION_DIR}'" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        done
+        # Nothing else, so the artifact holds only what this action puts in it
+        EXTRA=$(find "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}" -mindepth 1 -not -name body.txt -not -name hist.txt)
+        if [ -n "${EXTRA}" ]; then
+          echo "Unexpected content in '${NOTIFICATION_DIR}':" >&2
+          echo "${EXTRA}" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        # 'ci-pages-notify.bash' stashes 'hist.txt' in an HTML comment, and later
+        # shows it in the history of the notifications superseding this one, so
+        # it must be a single line, and must neither open nor close an HTML comment
+        if [ $(wc -l < "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/hist.txt") -ne 1 ]; then
+          echo "'hist.txt' must hold exactly one line" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        if grep -q -e '<!--' -e '-->' "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/hist.txt"; then
+          echo "'hist.txt' must not contain '<!--' or '-->'" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+    - name: Add metadata
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        NOTIFICATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.path }}
+        NOTIFICATION_KEY: ${{ inputs.key }}
+        PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+      run: |
+        echo "${NOTIFICATION_KEY}" > "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/key.txt"
+        echo "${PR_NUMBER}" > "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/pr-number.txt"
+        ls -lsha "${NOTIFICATION_DIR}"
+
+    - name: Upload notification
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
+        name: pr-notification

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      everything:
+        patterns: ["*"]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 ---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: build-test
+name: Regressions
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ on:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
+  actions: read
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -28,259 +28,143 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
 
-  build-2404-gcc:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+  build-2604-gcc:
+    name: Build | 26.04 | gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+
+  build-2604-clang:
+    name: Build | 26.04 | clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      cc: clang
+      dev-asan: true  # Build (and run) with address sanitizer
+      runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+
+  build-2404-gcc:
+    name: Build | 24.04 | gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: linux
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2404-clang:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    name: Build | 24.04 | clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      cc: clang
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: linux
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
 
   build-2204-gcc:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    name: Build | 22.04 | gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
       sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: linux
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
-  build-2204-clang:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+  build-macos-15-clang:
+    name: Build | macos-15 | clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      cc: clang
+      runs-on: macos-15
       sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: linux
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
-
-  build-osx-gcc:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: osx
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
-
-  build-osx-clang:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
-    with:
-      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      os-name: osx
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
 
   build-windows:
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: win
-      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    name: Build | windows-2025-vs2026 | msvc
+    runs-on: windows-2025-vs2026
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+      - name: Cache win_flex_bison
+        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
         with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/win_flex_bison
+          key: win_flex_bison
       - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
         run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
       - name: test build
         run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip
+
+  test-2604-gcc:
+    name: Test | 26.04 | gcc | ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2604-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2604-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1, vltmt-2]
+
+  test-2604-clang:
+    name: Test | 26.04 | clang | ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2604-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2604-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      cc: clang
+      runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1, vltmt-2]
 
   test-2404-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    name: Test | 24.04 | gcc | ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
       archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 gcc
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1, vltmt-2]
 
   test-2404-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    name: Test | 24.04 | clang | ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
       archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      cc: clang
+      reloc: true  # Test with relocated installation
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 clang
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1, vltmt-2]
 
   test-2204-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    name: Test | 22.04 | gcc | ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
       archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      cc: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 gcc
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
-
-  test-2204-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    needs: build-2204-clang
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
-    with:
-      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
-      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
-      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-      dev-gcov: 0
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 clang, also test relocation
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
+        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1, vltmt-2]
 
   lint-py:
     name: Lint Python
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
-
-  passed:
-    name: Test suite passed
-    if: always()
-    needs:
-      - build-2404-gcc
-      - build-2404-clang
-      - build-2204-gcc
-      - build-2204-clang
-      - build-osx-gcc
-      - build-osx-clang
-      - build-windows
-      - test-2404-gcc
-      - test-2404-clang
-      - test-2204-gcc
-      - test-2204-clang
-      - lint-py
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
-        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
-        with:
-          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
+  actions: read
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -38,15 +39,13 @@ jobs:
       (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-gcov: true
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
       # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
       # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
       sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
-      os: ubuntu-24.04
-      os-name: linux
-      cc: gcc
-      dev-asan: 0
-      dev-gcov: 1
 
   test:
     name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
@@ -54,11 +53,10 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
       archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
-      os: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: gcc
-      reloc: 0
+      dev-gcov: true
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -74,10 +72,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
 
       - name: Download code coverage data
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
         with:
           pattern: code-coverage-*
           path: obj_coverage
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
           find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Upload to codecov.io
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f  # v7
         with:
           disable_file_fixes: true
           disable_search: true
@@ -106,25 +104,24 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
-          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
-          sudo apt install lcov
-
       - name: Download repository archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
         with:
           name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
       - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          tar --zstd -x -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           ls -lsha
 
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
+        with:
+          stage: coverage
+
       - name: Download code coverage data
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
         with:
           pattern: code-coverage-*
           path: repo/obj_coverage
@@ -135,51 +132,30 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |
-          ls -lsha obj_coverage
-          # Combine reports from test jobs
-          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
-          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          ci/ci-coverage-report.bash \
+            ${{ github.run_id }} \
+            "${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.number || '' }}" \
+            "${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}" \
+            "${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
+          # Create the report artifact. Note there is no report if the patch is empty.
+          mkdir ../report-artifact
+          [ ! -d obj_coverage/report ] || mv obj_coverage/report ../report-artifact/
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
-            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
-            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
-          else
-            make coverage-report
-          fi
-          # Remove data files
-          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
-          # Some extra work for PRs only
-          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
-            # Save PR number in report
-            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
-            # Generate notification comment content
-            mkdir -p notification
-            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
-            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
-            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
-            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
-            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
-              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
-              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
-              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
-              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
-            else
-              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
-            fi
-            cat notification/body.txt
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > ../report-artifact/pr-number.txt
           fi
 
       - name: Upload report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
-          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          path: report-artifact
           name: coverage-report
 
-      - name: Upload notification
+      - name: Upload PR notification
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/upload-pr-notification
         with:
           path: repo/notification
-          name: coverage-pr-notification
+          key: coverage
 
   # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
   # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
@@ -192,9 +168,9 @@ jobs:
       # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.1.4
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1  # v3.2.0
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
           owner: verilator
           repositories: verilator

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@dc802804100637a589fabce1cb79ff13a1411302  # v6
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8  # v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e  # v4
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f  # v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@53b7df96c91f9c12dcc8a07bcb9ccacbed38856a  # v7
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -11,37 +11,50 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: write
 
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: repo
+
 jobs:
   format:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     name: Ubuntu 24.04 | format
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
+          path: repo
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
       - name: Install packages for build
-        env:
-          CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
+        with:
+          stage: format
+
+      - name: Configure git identity
         run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-18 yapf3 &&
-          sudo pip3 install gersemi mbake &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
           git config --global user.name "github action"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+
+      - name: Set up Python venv
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/setup-venv
+        with:
+          save: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
       - name: Format code
         run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18 &&
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 4 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
           git status
+
       - name: Push
         run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
-            git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
+            git commit . -m "Apply 'make format' [ci skip]" &&
             git push origin
           fi

.github/workflows/no-pulls.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+# Block PRs against stable branch
+name: "Check PR not against 'stable'"
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [stable]
+
+jobs:
+  block-pr:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Fail and block PR
+        run: |-
+          echo "Error: Pull requests directly to 'stable' are not allowed. Please PR against 'master'."
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -6,14 +6,11 @@ name: Pages
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - "ci/**"
-      - ".github/workflows"
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows/**"]
   workflow_dispatch:
   workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    workflows: ["Code coverage", "RTLMeter"]
     types: [completed]
 
 # Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
@@ -25,8 +22,11 @@ permissions:
 # Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
 # in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
 # want to allow these deployments to complete.
+# A skipped-upstream run does no work (see the build job's if:), so put it in its
+# own throwaway group: otherwise, as the newest queued run, it would cancel a
+# pending real run and then deploy nothing.
 concurrency:
-  group: "pages"
+  group: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'skipped') && format('pages-skip-{0}', github.run_id) || 'pages' }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
 defaults:
@@ -37,21 +37,23 @@ jobs:
   build:
     name: Build content
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # A skipped upstream run (e.g. Code coverage / RTLMeter on a branch push)
+    # still fires workflow_run; don't rebuild and redeploy for it. deploy and
+    # notify need this job, so they cascade-skip too.
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_run' || github.event.workflow_run.conclusion != 'skipped' }}
     outputs:
-      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+      pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.pr-run-ids }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
       - name: Build pages
         id: build
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |
-          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
-          ls -lsha
-          tree -L 3 pages
+          ./ci/ci-pages.bash
       - name: Upload pages artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@fc324d3547104276b827a68afc52ff2a11cc49c9  # v5
         with:
           path: pages
 
@@ -61,10 +63,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     environment:
       name: github-pages
-      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+      url: ${{ steps.deploy-2.outputs.page_url || steps.deploy-1.outputs.page_url }}
     steps:
+      # GitHub's Pages backend intermittently fails a deployment mid-sync, retry
       - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+        id: deploy-1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@cd2ce8fcbc39b97be8ca5fce6e763baed58fa128  # v5
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages (retry)
+        id: deploy-2
+        if: steps.deploy-1.outcome == 'failure'
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@cd2ce8fcbc39b97be8ca5fce6e763baed58fa128  # v5
 
   notify:
     name: Notify
@@ -73,18 +82,20 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
       # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.1.4
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1  # v3.2.0
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
           permission-actions: write
           permission-pull-requests: write
       - name: Comment on PR
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
-        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash
+          # Slug of the app the above token belongs to, see 'ci-pages-notify.bash'
+          GH_AUTHOR: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.app-slug }}
+          PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.pr-run-ids }}
+        run: ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/pr-conflicting.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+# Build and push verilator docker image when tags are pushed to the repository.
+# The following variable(s) must be configured in the github repository:
+# DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE: docker hub namespace.
+# The following secrets must be configured in the github repository:
+# DOCKER_HUB_USER: user name for logging into docker hub
+# DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN: docker hub access token.
+name: Maintainance - PR conflict check
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [synchronize]
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  main:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: check if prs are dirty
+        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@0273be72a0bbd58fcd71d0d6c02c209b50d1e5e1  # 3.1.0
+        with:
+          dirtyLabel: "pr-blocked: needs-rebase"
+          repoToken: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -7,37 +7,47 @@ name: reusable-build
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      ccwarn:
+        description: "Build Verilator with warnings treated as errors (--enable-ccwarn)"
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
+      dev-asan:
+        description: "Build Verilator with the address sanitizer (--enable-dev-asan)"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      dev-gcov:
+        description: "Build Verilator with gcov instrumentation (--enable-dev-gcov)"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      install:
+        description: "Archive the Verilator installation, not the repo tree"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to build on, e.g. ubuntu-24.04"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       sha:
         description: "Commit SHA to build"
         required: true
         type: string
-      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      dev-asan:
-        required: true
-        type: number
-      dev-gcov:
-        required: true
-        type: number
     outputs:
       archive:
-        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        description: "Name of the built archive artifact"
         value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
 
 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}${{ inputs.ccwarn && '-ccwarn' || '' }}${{ inputs.dev-asan && '-asan' || '' }}${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '-gcov' || '' }}
+  CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK: content
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
-  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -48,52 +58,75 @@ jobs:
 
   build:
     name: Build
-    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
     outputs:
       archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
-      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           path: repo
           ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
-          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
+          # Coverage needs full history; install needs it for the 'git describe'
+          # behind 'verilator --version'
+          fetch-depth: ${{ (inputs.install || inputs.dev-gcov) && '0' || '1' }}
+
+      - name: Configure ccache
+        run: |
+          # ccache is unreliable on macOS, and does nothing with 'gcc --coverage'
+          if [ "${{ startsWith(inputs.runs-on, 'macos') }}" = true ] || [ "${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}" = true ]; then
+            echo "CCACHE_DISABLE=1" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE != '1' }}
+        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9  # v5
         env:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
           key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}
 
       - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
+        with:
+          stage: build
 
       - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-build.bash \
+            --prefix ${{ github.workspace }}/install \
+            --compiler ${{ inputs.cc }} \
+            --light-debug \
+            ${{ inputs.ccwarn && '--ccwarn' || '' }} \
+            ${{ inputs.dev-asan && '--asan' || '' }} \
+            ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '--gcov' || '' }}
 
-      - name: Create repository archive
+      - name: Install
+        if: ${{ inputs.install }}
+        run: make install
+
+      - name: Create archive
         id: create-archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
         run: |
-          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
-          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
-          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          # Archive name, unique per build; flavour tags mark non-default builds
+          ARCHIVE="verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}"
+          ARCHIVE="$ARCHIVE${{ inputs.ccwarn && '-ccwarn' || '' }}"
+          ARCHIVE="$ARCHIVE${{ inputs.dev-asan && '-asan' || '' }}"
+          ARCHIVE="$ARCHIVE${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '-gcov' || '' }}"
+          ARCHIVE="$ARCHIVE.tar.zst"
+          # zstd compresses faster than gzip and decompresses far faster in the many downstream jobs
+          ZSTD_NBTHREADS=0 tar --posix --zstd -c -f "$ARCHIVE" ${{ inputs.install && 'install' || 'repo' }}
           echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-      - name: Upload repository archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+      - name: Upload archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
           name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          overwrite: true
+          # Archive is already zstd-compressed; skip upload-artifact's zip pass
+          compression-level: 0

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@ name: reusable-lint-py
 on:
   workflow_call:
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
@@ -27,20 +19,26 @@ jobs:
     name: Sub-lint | Python
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           path: repo
 
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install mypy==1.18.2 pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
+        with:
+          stage: lint-py
 
       - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Set up Python venv
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/setup-venv
+        with:
+          save: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
 
       - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: reusable-rtlmeter-build
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      runs-on:
-        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
-        type: string
-        required: true
-      cc:
-        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
-        type: string
-        required: true
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-env:
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
-  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
-    name: Build
-    steps:
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
-
-      - name: Use saved ccache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ccache
-          key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
-          restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
-
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
-        with:
-          path: repo
-          fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
-
-      - name: Configure
-        working-directory: repo
-        run: |
-          autoconf
-          ./configure --prefix=${{ github.workspace }}/install CXX=${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
-
-      - name: Make
-        working-directory: repo
-        run: make -j $(nproc)
-
-      - name: Install
-        working-directory: repo
-        run: make install
-
-      - name: Tar up installation
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
-
-      - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
-        with:
-          path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
-          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
-          overwrite: true

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ on:
         description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
         type: string
         required: true
+      verilator-archive-new:
+        description: "Name of the installation archive artifact from reusable-build, new version"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      verilator-archive-old:
+        description: "Name of the installation archive artifact from reusable-build, old version"
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        default: ""
       # Note: The combination of 'cases' and 'run-name' must be unique for all
       # invocations of this workflow within a run of the parent workflow.
       # These two are used together to generate a unique results file name.
@@ -44,8 +53,8 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash
 
 env:
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
-  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
+  # RTLMeter measures compile/execute times, so caching must stay off to keep
+  # timings representative; ccache is still on PATH but acts as a pass-through
   CCACHE_DISABLE: 1
 
 jobs:
@@ -53,34 +62,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
     name: Run
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout Verilator CI scripts
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
+        with:
+          path: repo
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github/actions
+            ci
+
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
-
-      - name: Download Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
         with:
-          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
-
-      - name: Unpack Verilator installation archive
-        run: |
-          tar -x -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
-          echo "${{ github.workspace }}/install/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - name: Use saved ccache
-        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
-          restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
+          stage: rtlmeter-run
 
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -89,40 +85,117 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: make venv
 
-      - name: Compile cases
+      ########################################################################
+      # Run with new Verilator
+      ########################################################################
+
+      - name: Download Verilator installation archive - new
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-new }}
+
+      - name: Unpack Verilator installation archive - new
+        run: |
+          tar --zstd -x -f ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-new }}
+          mv install verilator-new
+
+      - name: Compile cases - new
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new/bin:$PATH"
           ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
+          ccache -svv
 
-      - name: Execute cases
+      - name: Execute cases - new
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
         run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new/bin:$PATH"
           ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
 
-      - name: Collate results
+      - name: Collate results - new
         id: results
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new/bin:$PATH"
           # Use 'inputs.cases' and 'inputs.run-name' to generate a unique file name
           hash=$(md5sum <<< '${{ inputs.cases }} ${{ inputs.run-name }}' | awk '{print $1}')
           echo "hash=${hash}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           ./rtlmeter collate --runName "${{ inputs.run-name }}"  > ../results-${hash}.json
 
-      - name: Report results
+      - name: Report results - new
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new/bin:$PATH"
           ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
 
-      - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+      - name: Upload results - new
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
           path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
           name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 2
 
-      - name: Report status
+      - name: Report status - new
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        run: | # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new/bin:$PATH"
           ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
+          # Clean up for run with old version
+          rm -rf work
+          rm -rf ${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-new
+
+      ########################################################################
+      # Run with old Verilator **on same machine for consistency**
+      ########################################################################
+
+      - name: Download Verilator installation archive - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old }}
+
+      - name: Unpack Verilator installation archive - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        run: |
+          tar --zstd -x -f ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old }}
+          mv install verilator-old
+
+      - name: Compile cases - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-old/bin:$PATH"
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
+          ccache -svv
+
+      - name: Execute cases - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-old/bin:$PATH"
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
+
+      - name: Collate results - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-old/bin:$PATH"
+          ./rtlmeter collate --runName "${{ inputs.run-name }}"  > ../reference-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+
+      - name: Report results - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          export PATH="${{ github.workspace }}/verilator-old/bin:$PATH"
+          ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../reference-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+
+      - name: Upload results - old
+        if: ${{ inputs.verilator-archive-old != '' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
+        with:
+          path: reference-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-reference-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 2

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -11,29 +11,37 @@ on:
         description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
         required: true
         type: string
-      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      cc:  # gcc or clang
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      reloc:  # 0 or 1
-        required: true
-        type: number
-      suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
         required: true
         type: string
       dev-gcov:
+        description: "Collect gcov coverage data from the test run"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      reloc:
+        description: "Relocate the installation before testing"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to test on, e.g. ubuntu-24.04"
         required: true
-        type: number
+        type: string
+      suite:
+        description: "Test suite to run, e.g. dist-vlt-0"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
 
 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK: content
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
-  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
+  CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -43,19 +51,12 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
 
   test:
-    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
     name: Test
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
-      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
     steps:
 
       - name: Download repository archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
         with:
           name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -63,28 +64,44 @@ jobs:
       - name: Unpack repository archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
         run: |
-          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          tar --zstd -x -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
           ls -lsha
 
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
+      - name: Configure ccache
+        run: |
+          # ccache is unreliable on macOS, and does nothing with 'gcc --coverage'
+          if [ "${{ startsWith(inputs.runs-on, 'macos') }}" = true ] || [ "${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}" = true ]; then
+            echo "CCACHE_DISABLE=1" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
+
+      # Test-job ccache is stored as an artifact, not actions/cache
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        id: ccache
+        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE != '1' }}
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/artifact-cache
         with:
+          mode: restore
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+          key: ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
 
       - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/install-deps
+        with:
+          stage: test
+
+      - name: Set up Python venv
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/setup-venv
+        with:
+          save: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
 
       - name: Test
         id: run-test
         continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-test.bash \
+            --suite ${{ inputs.suite }} \
+            ${{ inputs.reloc && format('--reloc {0}/reloc', github.workspace) || '' }}
 
       - name: Combine code coverage data
         if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
@@ -95,11 +112,23 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload code coverage data
         if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
           name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
 
+      - name: Save ccache
+        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE != '1' && !cancelled() }}
+        uses: ./repo/.github/actions/artifact-cache
+        with:
+          mode: save
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ steps.ccache.outputs.key }}
+          # Keep master's cache around longer; PR/branch caches churn faster
+          retention-days: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && 7 || 3 }}
+
       - name: Fail job if a test failed
         if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
-        run: exit 1
+        run: |-
+          echo "Click on '> Tests' arrow above (or on other steps), to expand it, and see the failure reasons"
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: RTLMeter PR results
-
-on:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: [RTLMeter]
-    types: [completed]
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    name: Publish
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      pull-requests: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Download report
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
-          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Download PR number
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          name: pr-number
-          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
-      - name: Generate access token
-        id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/[email protected]
-        with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
-          permission-pull-requests: write
-      - name: Comment on PR
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-        run: |-
-          ls -la
-          cat report.txt
-          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ on:
     - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
+  push:
+    branches: ['ci-rtlmeter/**']
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -35,181 +37,240 @@ jobs:
         && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
       (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'push')
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      old-sha: ${{ steps.start.outputs.old-sha }}
+      cases: ${{ steps.cases.outputs.cases }}
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
+
       - name: Startup
-        run: echo
+        id: start
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == 'pull_request' ]] || exit 0
+          # For a pull request, 'github.sha' is the test merge commit. Its
+          # first parent is the target branch commit it was merged with for this run.
+          OLD_SHA="$(gh api "repos/${{ github.repository }}/commits/${{ github.sha }}" --jq '.parents[0].sha')"
+          echo "old-sha=$OLD_SHA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-  build-gcc:
-    name: Build GCC
+      - name: Load RTLMeter cases
+        id: cases
+        run: echo "cases=$(ci/ci-rtlmeter-cases.py --event-name ${{ github.event_name }})" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  build-gcc-new:
+    name: Build New Verilator - GCC
     needs: start
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: gcc
-
-  build-clang:
-    name: Build Clang
-    needs: start
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
-    with:
+      ccwarn: false
+      install: true
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+
+  build-clang-new:
+    name: Build New Verilator - Clang
+    needs: start
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
       cc: clang
+      ccwarn: false
+      install: true
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+
+  build-gcc-old:
+    name: Build Old Verilator - GCC
+    needs: start
+    if: ${{ needs.start.outputs.old-sha != '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      cc: gcc
+      ccwarn: false
+      install: true
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      sha: ${{ needs.start.outputs.old-sha }}
+
+  build-clang-old:
+    name: Build Old Verilator - Clang
+    needs: start
+    if: ${{ needs.start.outputs.old-sha != '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      cc: clang
+      ccwarn: false
+      install: true
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      sha: ${{ needs.start.outputs.old-sha }}
 
   run-gcc:
     name: Run GCC | ${{ matrix.cases }}
-    needs: build-gcc
+    needs:
+      - start
+      - build-gcc-new
+      - build-gcc-old
+    # Run even if 'build-*-old' was skipped (no old SHA), but not if any
+    # dependency failed, the workflow was cancelled, or 'start' was skipped
+    # (e.g. the workflow was not enabled, so there is nothing to run against).
+    if: ${{ !failure() && !cancelled() && needs.start.result == 'success' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
     with:
       tag: gcc
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: gcc
+      verilator-archive-new: ${{ needs.build-gcc-new.outputs.archive }}
+      verilator-archive-old: ${{ needs.build-gcc-old.outputs.archive }}
       cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
       run-name: "gcc"
       compileArgs: ""
       executeArgs: ""
     strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      fail-fast: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      max-parallel: 7
       matrix:
-        cases:
-          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
-          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
-          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
-          - "NVDLA:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
-          - "OpenTitan:*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
-          - "Vortex:mini:*"
-          - "Vortex:sane:*"
-          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
-          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
-          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
-          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
-          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+        cases: ${{ fromJSON(needs.start.outputs.cases)['gcc'] }}
 
   run-clang:
     name: Run Clang | ${{ matrix.cases }}
-    needs: build-clang
+    needs:
+      - start
+      - build-clang-new
+      - build-clang-old
+    # Run even if 'build-*-old' was skipped (no old SHA), but not if any
+    # dependency failed, the workflow was cancelled, or 'start' was skipped
+    # (e.g. the workflow was not enabled, so there is nothing to run against).
+    if: ${{ !failure() && !cancelled() && needs.start.result == 'success' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
     with:
       tag: clang
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: clang
+      verilator-archive-new: ${{ needs.build-clang-new.outputs.archive }}
+      verilator-archive-old: ${{ needs.build-clang-old.outputs.archive }}
       cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
       run-name: "clang --threads 4"
       compileArgs: "--threads 4"
       executeArgs: ""
     strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      fail-fast: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      max-parallel: 7
       matrix:
-        cases:
-          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
-          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
-          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
-          - "NVDLA:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
-          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
-          - "OpenTitan:*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
-          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
-          - "Vortex:mini:*"
-          - "Vortex:sane:*"
-          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
-          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
-          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
-          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
-          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
-          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+        cases: ${{ fromJSON(needs.start.outputs.cases)['clang'] }}
 
   run-gcc-hier:
     name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
-    needs: build-gcc
+    needs:
+      - start
+      - build-gcc-new
+      - build-gcc-old
+    # Run even if 'build-*-old' was skipped (no old SHA), but not if any
+    # dependency failed, the workflow was cancelled, or 'start' was skipped
+    # (e.g. the workflow was not enabled, so there is nothing to run against).
+    if: ${{ !failure() && !cancelled() && needs.start.result == 'success' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
     with:
       tag: gcc-hier
       runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
       cc: gcc
+      verilator-archive-new: ${{ needs.build-gcc-new.outputs.archive }}
+      verilator-archive-old: ${{ needs.build-gcc-old.outputs.archive }}
       cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
       run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
       compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
       executeArgs: ""
     strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      fail-fast: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      max-parallel: 6
       matrix:
-        cases:
-          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
-          - "BlackParrot:2x2:* !-hier"
-          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
-          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
-          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
-          - "OpenPiton:2x2:* !-hier"
-          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
-          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
-          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
-          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+        cases: ${{ fromJSON(needs.start.outputs.cases)['gcc-hier'] }}
 
   combine-results:
     name: Combine results
     needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
-    # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
-    # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
-    if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
+    # Skip if cancelled.
+    # On PRs, run if something succeeded and nothing failed.
+    # On non-PRs, run if anything succeeded or failed (so partial results are still published).
+    if: >-
+      ${{ !cancelled() && (
+               (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')))
+            || (github.event_name != 'pull_request' && (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') ||  contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')))
+          )}}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
+    outputs:
+      # The run tags, derived from the 'run-*' dependency job names
+      run-tags: ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      # 'gh' resolves the repo from git otherwise, but this job has no checkout
+      # of this repo at the workspace root
+      GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
     steps:
+      # Derive the run tags from the dependency job names ('run-<tag>')
+      - name: Determine run tags
+        id: tags
+        run: echo "tags=$(jq -r 'keys | map(sub("^run-"; "")) | join(" ")' <<< '${{ toJSON(needs) }}')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
+
       - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: make venv
+
       - name: Download all results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
-          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
-          merge-multiple: true
+        run: |
+          for tag in ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}; do
+            mkdir artifacts all-results-$tag
+            gh run download ${{ github.run_id }} --pattern "rtlmeter-$tag-results-*" --dir artifacts
+            mv $(find artifacts -name "*.json") all-results-$tag/
+            rm -rf artifacts
+          done
       - name: Combine results
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+          for tag in ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}; do
+            ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-$tag/*.json > ../all-results-$tag.json
+          done
       - name: Upload combined results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
-          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
-          name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          path: all-results-*.json
+          name: all-results
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 30
+
+      # The reference (old) results only exist for pull requests, where the
+      # 'build-*-old' jobs run and the run jobs produce '*-reference-*' artifacts.
+      - name: Download reference results
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        run: |
+          for tag in ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}; do
+            mkdir artifacts all-reference-$tag
+            gh run download ${{ github.run_id }} --pattern "rtlmeter-$tag-reference-*" --dir artifacts
+            mv $(find artifacts -name "*.json") all-reference-$tag/
+            rm -rf artifacts
+          done
+      - name: Combine reference results
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}; do
+            ./rtlmeter collate ../all-reference-$tag/*.json > ../all-reference-$tag.json
+          done
+      - name: Upload reference results
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
+        with:
+          path: all-reference-*.json
+          name: all-reference
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 30
 
@@ -225,28 +286,27 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c  # v8
         with:
-          pattern: all-results-*
+          name: all-results
           path: results
-          merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload published results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
           path: results/*.json
           name: published-results
       # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.1.4
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1  # v3.2.0
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
           owner: verilator
           repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
           permission-contents: write
       - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -273,116 +333,57 @@ jobs:
   prepare-pr-results:
     name: Prepare Pull Request results
     needs: combine-results
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && needs.combine-results.result == 'success' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     permissions:
       actions: read
     steps:
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
+
       - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: make venv
-      - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+
+      - name: Checkout Verilator
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1  # v7
         with:
-          pattern: all-results-*
-          path: all-results
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - name: Get scheduled run info
-        id: scheduled-info
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
-          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
-          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
-          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
-          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Download scheduled run results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          name: published-results
-          path: nightly-results
-          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Compare results
-        working-directory: rtlmeter
-        run: |
-          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
-            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
-            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
-            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
-            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
-            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
-            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
-              continue
-            fi
-            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
-            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
-            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
-            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
-            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
-            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
-          done
+          path: verilator
+
       - name: Create report
+        id: report
+        working-directory: verilator
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          set -x
-          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
-          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
-          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
-          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
-          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
-          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
-            echo "" >> report.txt
-            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
-              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
-            else
-              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
-            fi
-            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
-            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
-            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
-            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
-            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
-            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
-            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
-              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
-                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
-              else
-                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
-              fi
-              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
-              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
-              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
-              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
-              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
-              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
-              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
-            done
-            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
-          done
-          cat report.txt
+          ln -s ../rtlmeter rtlmeter
+          gh repo set-default ${{ github.repository }}
+          # Create run report - save status to fail job if the script did
+          STATUS=0
+          ci/ci-rtlmeter-report.bash ${{ github.run_id }} ${{ github.sha }} ${{ needs.combine-results.outputs.run-tags }} || STATUS=$?
+          echo "status=$STATUS" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          # Create the report artifact
+          mkdir ../report-artifact
+          mv rtlmeter-report/report ../report-artifact/
+          echo ${{ github.event.number }} > ../report-artifact/pr-number.txt
+
       - name: Upload report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7
         with:
-          path: report.txt
-          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
-      - name: Save PR number
-        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
-      - name: Upload PR number
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+          path: report-artifact
+          name: rtlmeter-report
+
+      - name: Upload PR notification
+        uses: ./verilator/.github/actions/upload-pr-notification
         with:
-          path: pr-number.txt
-          name: pr-number
+          path: verilator/rtlmeter-report/notification
+          key: rtlmeter
+
+      - name: Report status
+        run: exit ${{ steps.report.outputs.status }}
 
   # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
   # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
@@ -395,9 +396,9 @@ jobs:
       # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.1.4
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1  # v3.2.0
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
           owner: verilator
           repositories: verilator

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<!-- DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Repository-wide guidelines for AI coding agents
+     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026-2026 Wilson Snyder
+     SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0 -->
+
+# Verilator Guidelines for AI Coding Agents
+
+These files are the general layer an agent loads first -- nearest file wins, so
+you read this repository-root file plus the one for the directory you are
+editing. They stay deliberately high-level: where to start, how the tree is laid
+out, and the conventions reviewers otherwise enforce by hand. They are an index,
+not the architecture reference -- for depth (how a pass works internally, the
+algorithms, node lifetime) they point you to `docs/internals.rst`. When the
+guidance here is not enough, that is where to look next.
+
+This file has two parts. **Orientation** gets you productive in the codebase from
+a cold start. **Before you open a PR** is the checklist of conventions reviewers
+otherwise have to enforce by hand -- read it before submitting any change.
+
+Then read the directory guide for the area you are editing:
+
+- [src/AGENTS.md](src/AGENTS.md) -- compiler C++ sources: AST, visitors, passes, parser, style
+- [include/AGENTS.md](include/AGENTS.md) -- runtime library (`verilated*`): C++14, MT-safety, fixed-width types
+- [test_regress/AGENTS.md](test_regress/AGENTS.md) -- regression tests: harness, drivers, golden files
+- [docs/AGENTS.md](docs/AGENTS.md) -- documentation (`*.rst`)
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+# Orientation
+
+## What Verilator is
+
+Verilator is a *compiler*, not an interpreter. It translates synthesizable (and
+much behavioral) SystemVerilog into a cycle-accurate C++ model that you then
+compile and run. Almost every decision is made at compile ("verilation") time;
+the generated C++ just advances state each evaluation. Optimize for verilation-
+time work over runtime work.
+
+## The pipeline is the spine
+
+A run is an ordered sequence of passes over one shared AST (abstract syntax
+tree). In source order:
+
+| Stage | What it does | Key files |
+|---|---|---|
+| Preprocess + parse | Lex and parse text into a raw AST -- builds nodes only, no semantic checks | `verilog.l`, `verilog.y` |
+| Link / elaborate | Resolve names, scopes, parameters; instantiate the hierarchy | `V3LinkParse`, `V3LinkDot`, `V3Param` |
+| Width / type | Assign and check data types and bit widths | `V3Width` |
+| Transform / optimize / schedule | Constant fold, lower language features, schedule events | `V3Const`, `V3Randomize`, `V3Assert*`, `V3Sched`, `V3Timing`, `V3Dfg` |
+| Emit | Lower the final AST to generated C++ | `V3EmitC*` |
+| Runtime | Library the generated model links against | `include/verilated*` |
+
+This table is the map; `docs/internals.rst` has the detail behind each stage.
+
+## Where to make a change
+
+Map the symptom to the pass that owns it, then start by reading that pass's
+top-of-file comment.
+
+| Symptom or feature area | Start in |
+|---|---|
+| Type/width error, "what type is this", implicit conversion | `V3Width` |
+| Name/scope/parameter resolution ("Can't find...", hierarchy) | `V3LinkDot`, `V3Param` |
+| `randomize` / `constraint` / `rand` / `randc` | `V3Randomize` |
+| `assert` / `property` / `sequence` / `cover` | `V3Assert`, `V3AssertPre`, `V3AssertNfa` |
+| `fork` / timing / `#delay` / NBA / event scheduling | `V3Sched`, `V3Timing`, `V3Fork` |
+| Syntax wrongly accepted or rejected | `verilog.y`, `verilog.l` |
+| Wrong generated C++ | `V3EmitC*` |
+| Runtime model behavior | `include/verilated*` |
+
+## Build and run a test
+
+- Build in the source tree: `autoconf && ./configure && make -j8`. Configure with
+  `--enable-ccwarn` so a new compiler warning stops the build.
+- Run one test from the repository root: `test_regress/t/t_<name>.py`.
+- Run the full regression with `make test`. The complete suite requires
+  configuring with `--enable-longtests` (works on every OS, including macOS).
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+# Before you open a PR
+
+## Scope and process
+
+- [ ] Searched open PRs and issues -- duplicating in-flight work wastes review time.
+- [ ] Fixed the general root cause, not just the reported case -- if it also
+  affects other modules/classes/interfaces, cover them or expect rejection.
+- [ ] PR is single-purpose. Refactors, drive-by fixes found along the way, and new
+  features each go in separate PRs; land standalone cleanups first.
+- [ ] Every bug fix has a test that fails *without* the fix; include the issue's
+  own reproducer when possible.
+- [ ] New code aims for 100% line coverage; branch coverage far below line coverage
+  signals guards callers never violate -- justify or remove them.
+- [ ] Ran `make format` (clang-format), `make cppcheck`, and `make lint-py`;
+  self-reviewed the diff for leftover debug code, stale comments, and
+  copy-paste errors.
+- [ ] Ran the full regression on at least one OS before submitting. Partial runs
+  are fine during development, but the submitted PR is expected to pass every
+  test.
+- [ ] Validated the code changes against recommendations in the AGENTS.md files.
+- [ ] Did not edit `docs/CONTRIBUTORS` (humans only) or `Changes` (maintainer
+  updates it near release).
+
+## Drafting a PR
+
+- [ ] When creating a pull request message, omit itemized lists of changed
+  files and changes, since reviewers already have access to the diff.
+
+## Pick the right diagnostic (and its required test)
+
+The API you choose determines which test must accompany the change.
+
+| API | Output | Meaning | Required test |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `v3error("...")` | `%Error:` | User wrote invalid SystemVerilog | `t_*_bad*.v` + `.out` golden |
+| `v3error("Unsupported: ...")` | `%Error-UNSUPPORTED:` | Legal SV that Verilator does not yet support | `t_*_unsup*.v` + `.out` golden |
+| `v3warn(CODE, "...")` | `%Warning-CODE:` | Legal but suspicious code | warning test + `.out` golden |
+| `v3fatalSrc("...")` | `%Error: Internal Error` | Should-never-happen internal assertion | none -- not user-triggerable |
+
+- Every `v3error`/`v3warn` needs a test in `test_regress/t/` -- enforced by the
+  warn-coverage distribution test. `v3fatalSrc` is exempt.
+- Reserve "Unsupported:" for not-yet-implemented features, never for user mistakes.
+- When an error enforces a spec-defined restriction, cite the clause
+  (`IEEE 1800-2023 11.4.7`) so it is verifiable. Update `docs/guide/warnings.rst`
+  when adding or changing a warning.
+- On error paths, clean up or replace invalid AST (e.g. `AstConst::BitFalse`) so
+  later passes do not crash after the error.
+
+## Cross-cutting code rules
+
+- [ ] No non-ASCII characters in C++ sources or headers: write `--` (two ASCII
+  hyphens) rather than a Unicode em-dash, and a plain `'` rather than a smart
+  quote. At write time, not when CI complains.
+- [ ] Lists stay sorted: lexer/parser tokens, option declarations, enum values,
+  configure feature lists, documented option lists.
+- [ ] `bin/` scripts are Python (distributed cross-platform); `nodist/` may use
+  bash and platform-specific code (developer-only, not packaged).
+- [ ] Runtime code in `include/` targets C++14 (`--no-timing` builds must work);
+  C++20 only in timing code paths.
+- [ ] In `include/` public headers, prefix public classes with `Verilated`/`Vl`
+  and document the API with `///` comments.
+- [ ] A new code pattern is applied globally or not at all -- no one-off
+  convention in a single file.
+
+## Commits
+
+- Subject line is short and imperative and conventionally ends with the PR number:
+  `Support property case (#7721)`. A body is optional and common for non-trivial
+  changes.

Artistic

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-Artistic License 2.0
-
-Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
-license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-Preamble
-********
-
-This license establishes the terms under which a given free software
-Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed.  The
-intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over
-the development of that Package while still keeping the Package
-available as open source and free software.
-
-You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this
-license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the
-terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to
-make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a
-different licensing arrangement.
-
-Definitions
-***********
-
-"Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in
-the copyright notice for the entire Package.
-
-"Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other
-material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's
-procedures.
-
-"You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or
-modify the Package.
-
-"Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
-Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files.  A
-given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified
-Version.
-
-"Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it
-accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization,
-to others outside of your company or organization.
-
-"Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this
-Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does
-not mean licensing fees.
-
-"Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or
-has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright
-Holder.
-
-"Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such
-changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
-
-"Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
-Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be
-modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
-
-"Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and
-configuration files for the Package.
-
-"Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any
-other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of
-the Source form.
-
-Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
-********************************************************
-
-(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use
-Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you
-do not Distribute the Modified Version.
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-Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
-******************************************************
-
-(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the
-Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction,
-either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all
-of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your
-discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form
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-
-(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other
-modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting
-Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will
-be subject to the Original License.
-
-Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
-**********************************************************
-
-(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or
-for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the
-Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from
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-at least ONE of the following:
-
-(a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the
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-
-(c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the
-Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
-
-(i) the Original License or
-
-(ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and
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-
-Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified
-******************************************************************
-Versions without the Source
-***************************
-
-(5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without
-the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to
-get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid
-at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time
-while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must
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-you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days
-after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do
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-(6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the
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-Source of the Modified Version.
-
-Aggregating or Linking the Package
-**********************************
-
-(7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or
-Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting
-aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the
-Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other
-components in the aggregation are permitted.  The terms of this license
-apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions
-as included in the aggregation.
-
-(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other
-works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build
-stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the
-Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the
-result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
-
-Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
-********************************************************
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-(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that
-merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause
-the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not
-considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms
-of this license.
-
-General Provisions
-******************
-
-(10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
-Versions is governed by this Artistic License.  By using, modifying or
-distributing the Package, you accept this license.  Do not use, modify,
-or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
-
-(11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version
-made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure
-that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this
-license.
-
-(12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark,
-service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
-
-(13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
-patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
-otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
-licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
-Package.  If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
-counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
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-to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
-
-(14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES.  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT
-PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW.  UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT
-HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
     family-names: Wasson
   - given-names: Duane
     family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
   - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
   The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
   description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
   traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2025 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.042
+    VERSION 5.052
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -155,11 +155,12 @@ install(
 foreach(
     program
     verilator
-    verilator_gantt
     verilator_ccache_report
+    verilator_coverage
     verilator_difftree
-    verilator_profcfunc
+    verilator_gantt
     verilator_includer
+    verilator_profcfunc
 )
     install(PROGRAMS bin/${program} TYPE BIN)
 endforeach()
@@ -182,6 +183,6 @@ install(
     PATTERN "include/*.cpp"
     PATTERN "include/*.vlt"
     PATTERN "include/*.sv"
-    PATTERN "include/gtkwave/*.[chv]*"
+    PATTERN "include/fstcpp/*.[chv]*"
     PATTERN "include/vltstd/*.[chv]*"
 )

Changes

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 .. for github, vim: syntax=reStructuredText
 
+.. Maintainers and agents, do not edit this file, it will be updated for you post- PR-merge.
+
 ===============================
 Revision History and Change Log
 ===============================
@@ -8,6 +10,806 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!
 
 
+Verilator 5.052 2026-09-05
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Verilator now supports UVM 2020-3.2; see (#1538) for limitations.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add comments as a branch description in coverage .info files (#7843). [Eryk Szpotanski]
+* Add --enable-light-debug configure option (#7886). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Add user-provided DPI-C function declarations (#7626) (#7893). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Add error on static virtual functions (#7932). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error when scalar is passed to array task argument (#7948). [Pawel Klopotek]
+* Add MULTIDRIVENPROC warning for signals driven by multiple plain always blocks (#7968). [Aisha]
+* Add FSM arc and state coverage to verilator_coverage .info output (#7972) (#7973). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add SIMILARNAME warning when variables have names that differ in case (#7992) (#8020) (#8186) (#8226) (#8233). [Paul Campbell]
+* Add Unigen2 constrained randomization algorithm (#8042). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `+verilator+assert+lock` to ignore RTL assert control statements (#8086). [Sumanth Kadiyala]
+* Add NEVERMATCH warning when an SVA sequence can never match (#8176) (#8183). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Remove and deprecate `--assert-unroll-limit`. (#8096). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support embedded covergroup member references (#7749) (#8015). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support a sequence used as an event control (#7797) (#7846). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `[\*N:$]` consecutive repetition (#7940). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dynamic containers in unique constraints (#7947). [Adam Kostrzewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support delayed tristate gates (#7960) (#7961). [Patrick Creighton]
+* Support `default clocking` (#7984). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support embedded covergroup clocking events (#8028). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support `weak`/`strong` keywords in property expressions (#8054). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class handle covergroup arguments (#8071). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support `soft foreach` constraints (#8174). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support overlong `within` sequences as never-matching (#8177). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support covergroup/function/task (ref/virtual/array) interface arguments (#8180). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support covergroup events with reference members or ref arguments (#8201). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support s_until/s_until_with in property expression (#8220). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support solve before with associative array (#8232). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize random initialization. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more always blocks in DFG (#7775). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize assertion NFAs using bit-vector ring buffers (#7885). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize circular logic in DFG (#7902). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize VPI symbol registration and scope construction (#7936). [Nick Brereton]
+* Optimize bounded always properties using ring buffers (#8061) (#8092). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize VL_WORDS_I/VL_BYTES_I (#8095). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize consecutive and goto repetitions using ring buffers (#8096). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion for single bit replicates in DFG (#8110). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize mtask coarsening in multi-threaded scheduling (#8120). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize NFA delay-ring edge traversal, drop complexity to linear (#8145). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize associative constant patterns to fixed point (#8147) (#8209). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix procedural tristate assignment overrides (#6785) (#8130). [Eddie Rydell]
+* Fix $finish continuing event loop (#7267) (#7950). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix continuing on wait(0) (#7372) (#8231). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix $display accepting streaming concat arguments (#7663) (#7890). [Jaeuk Lee]
+* Fix typedef clocking input sampling (#7688 partial) (#8204). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix DFG misoptimizing bound checks (#7755). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Fix unique0 case side effects (#7787). [Pawel Klopotek]
+* Fix mid-window disable iff (#7792) (#7869). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix cleaning purity cache after assertions. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix uncaught type error leading to invalid C++ output (#7814). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix internal error for coverpoints that reference a covergroup formal parameter (#7853 partial) (#7889). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix immediate disable of fork join branches (#7856) (#7931). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix self-disable of named blocks with forks (Part of #7857) (#7996) (#8006). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix clang++ ambiguous overload of '==' operator (#7863). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix heap-use-after-free in `VlRNG::VlRNG()` (#7865). [Dragon-Git]
+* Fix mixed-width inside and dist range bounds failing randomization (#7875). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix solve-before over array variables failing randomization (#7876). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix scoped randomize with array members under rand_mode (#7877). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix dist constraint on a frozen variable failing randomization (#7878). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix range delays with parameter bounds (#7882). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix --coverage on labeled inline assert/cover property (#7898) (#7904). [Patrick Creighton]
+* Fix memory leak in VerilatedFst::close() (#7899). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Fix spurious FSM COVERIGN on comparisons (#7900) (#7908). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Fix release of forced port nets (#7901) (#7907). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix independent force of multiply instantiated signals (#7905). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix scheduling of variables written in non-inlined functions in suspendable processes (#7909). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randomization of unreferenced rand members of unpacked structs (#7910) (#7911). [Philip Axer]
+* Fix VL_TO_STRING function for array of structs (#7912). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix queues falling into wrong template spec (#7914). [Adam Kostrzewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix type resolution when a local name shadows a type name (#7915). [Pawel Klopotek]
+* Fix crash streaming an unpacked array of unpacked structs (#7917). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix streaming concat as output-port lvalue into unpacked struct (#7918). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix dropping variable writes across opaque calls (#7921) (#7933). [Philip Axer]
+* Fix dynamic array handling in solve...before (#7922). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unlinked error with function call in derived class parameter (#7923). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix scheduling of variables written in non-inlined functions in suspendable processes (#7924). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class parameter resolution (#7935).
+* Fix FSM detection of coverage-only branches (#7941) (#7942). [Patrick Creighton]
+* Fix use-after-free in V3LinkDotIfaceCapture (#7943). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix sampled-value clocks in repeated assertions (#7944). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix queued $finish/$stop request thread ordering (#7946 prep) (#7952). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix NFA assertion scheduling to fix outcome counts (#7946). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix DFG nested shifts with overflowing shift amount (#7955) (#7977).
+* Fix timing controls in interface tasks called via virtual interface (#7959). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix lambda parameter types in queue min and max (#7962). [Bartosz Skorowski]
+* Fix solve-before dropping all soft constraints in randomize() (#7963). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix generic interface param resolution in module/cell parameterization (#7970) (#7971). [David Garau]
+* Fix lost writes when select width exceeds variable width (#7975). [Bartosz Skorowski]
+* Fix $fgets being mis-optimized away (#7976). [G-A. Kamendje]
+* Fix SYNCASYNCNET false positive with changed non-edge logic (#7980). [Oron Port]
+* Fix variable scope in unique on dynamic array (#7981). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix table optimization causing not contextually convertible to bool error (#7983). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Fix wait fork trigger temporary split across generated functions (#7985) (#7986). [Marco Brambilla]
+* Fix randc cycling in a class that also uses solve...before (#7991 partial) (#8055). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix solver session stability to avoid breaking randomize (#7991 partial). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix simulation hang when the solver stops answering (#7991 partial) (#8129) (#8136). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix randomize() with a user variable named 'item' (#7993) (#7994).
+* Fix UNSATCONSTR reporting constraint indices above 9 (#7995). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVEN/MULTIDRIVENPROC warning suppression via lint_off (#8000). [Gilberto Abram]
+* Fix force not substituted into an unpacked array index (#8002).
+* Fix dist weights ignored when an item is not a literal (#8003).
+* Fix error when forcing an array element read at a run-time index (#8004).
+* Fix FSM coverage on empty reset branches (#8005) (#8064). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Fix missing verilator_coverage in cmake install (#8008) (#8011).
+* Fix dist inside a foreach nested in a constraint if (#8016).
+* Fix gcov dump on warnings discarding later coverage counts (#8017). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix unique constraint crash, guards, and size (#8018).
+* Fix Linux peak memory stat to use VmHWM (#8022) (#8070). [Tyrone Marhguy]
+* Fix assignment pattern key constant expressions (#8029) (#8030). [Josep Sans]
+* Fix skipping optimization for unpacked data types (#8031). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix gate deduplication with function arguments (#8038). [JOTEGO]
+* Fix conditional expression with parameterized classes (#8039). [Pawel Klopotek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix array size references in constraints (#8040). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix mid-range consecutive repetition rejects (#8041). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix write access to dynamic arrays (#8043). [Bartosz Skorowski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix nondeterminism in trace stage (#8046). [Sumanth Kadiyala]
+* Fix force helpers in multiply instantiated modules (#8047). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix pin to non-existent port with PINNOTFOUND suppressed (#8051) (#8052). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix wildcard equality against a 4-state constant in an assertion (#8056) (#8057). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix untyped datatype error on sampling functions with property arguments (#8060). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix VPI cbValueChange for 1-bit select (#8063). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix NFA assertion crash and mis-counted property if/case (#8074). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix skipping non-constrained enum constraining when inside object of other class (#8075). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use-after-free of captured interface typedef reference during parameter cloning (#8076). [em2machine]
+* Fix unintended side-effect insertion on associative array read (#8077). [Adam Kostrzewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix undefined symbol solver error (#8080). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked array element force with procedural assign (#8084) (#8085). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix reading another parameter resolves to 0 in cloned modules (#8086)  (#8069). [em2machine]
+* Fix hierarchical class scope resolution (#8094). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segmentation fault on parameters (#8102) (#8149). [Sumanth Kadiyala]
+* Fix the clang compilation using precompiled headers (#8105). [Demin Han]
+* Fix invalid typedef (#8106). [Adam Kostrzewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix R/W references to random builtin function seeds (#8112). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix invalid C++ on cast (#8113). [Pawel Klopotek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix COVERIGN on SVA goto repetition (#8118). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unordered data hazards in multi-threaded scheduling (#8133). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix public table offsets larger than 32 bits (#8135). [Sunimali Rathnayake]
+* Fix 'get-value' for empty constrained arrays (#8138). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix streaming concatenation uninitialized read-modify-write access (#8143). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix unpacked array passing to logic task argument error (#8148). [Pawel Klopotek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix $past in final blocks on a sampling-tick finish (#8153). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix array reference in reduction constraints (#8158). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix VPI force data corruption (#8160). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Fix sampled-value functions output on the first cycle (#8162). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix null pointer dereference in process destruction (#8171). [Andrii, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix invalid conversion of queue (#8172). [Andrii, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on forward-referencing parameters (#8175). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix crash on empty `#()` parameter list on class instance (#8182). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix crash on multiple missing type parameters (#8184). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix SVA bound limit guard, leave headroom for alignment, respect --max-num-width (#8192). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix internal error on an enum literal inside a `with` lambda body (#8190) (#8193). [Aditya Shevade]
+* Fix internal error on backslash-quoted strings (#8198). [Henry Hsieh]
+* Fix backslash behavior in string literals (#8211). [Pawel Klopotek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix task inout pin resizing error (#8212). [Pawel Klopotek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix code generation for postponed region (#8218). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix method calls to be a reorder barrier (#8222). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix errors on stream connected to instance port (#8234). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix folding of short circuiting operators guarding member access (#8238). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVENPROC on static loop induction variables (#8242). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix multiply undefined behavior on signed int overflow (#8247) (#8248). [Paul Rigge]
+* Fix initial statements with gate optimization (#8250). [Prithayan Barua]
+* Fix segmentation fault on context destruction (#8265).
+* Fix mis-randomizing an unpacked struct member when not rand/randc (#8277) (#8278). [Aditya Shevade]
+* Fix std::randomize() with-clause array index arguments (#8279) (#8280). [Aditya Shevade]
+* Fix incorrect reference to sync/async in SYNCASYNCNET warning (#8281). [Andrii, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use-after-free of captured interface typedef in deleted generate branch (#8287). [Nick Brereton]
+
+
+Verilator 5.050 2026-07-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support covergroups, coverpoints, and bins (#784) (#7117) (#7728). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Support new FST writer API (#6871) (#6992). [Yu-Sheng Lin]
+  Use of FST may requiring installing liblz4 and/or liblz4-dev packages, see docs/install.rst.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `+verilator+log+file` (#4505) (#7645). [Tracy Narine]
+* Add peak memory usage to `--stats`. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Add error on mixed-initialization (#7352) (#7357).
+* Add `--coverage-per-instance` (#7636). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Add NOTREDOP error on reduction and negation operators (#7417) (#7623) (#7624).
+* Add hierarchy-aware reporting to `verilator_coverage` (#7657). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Add FINALDLY error (#7754). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Deprecate isolate_assignments attribute (#7774) (#7144). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Improve `--coverage-fsm` (#7490) (#7529) (#7561) (#7573) (#7619). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Change `+verilator+seed` to default to 1, and 0 to randomly select (#7325) (#7516). [Miguel]
+* Change JSON to include parameter constant mnemonics for FSM Coverage (#7531). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Support assert property `default disable iff` (#4848) (#7723). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support printing enum names for %p and %s (#5523) (#7338 repair) (#7521) (#7527). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support weak `until` / `until_with` property operators (#7290) (#7548) (#7685). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `s_eventually` (#7291) (#7508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support writing to inout in fork after timing (#7345). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `always` / `always[m:n]` / `s_always[m:n]` property operators (#7482). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support rand_mode() on static rand class members (#7484) (#7510). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `randomize() with (identifier_list) {constraint_block}` (#7486) (#7507). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `obj.randomize(null)` (#7487) (#7509). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support functions on RHS of force (#7491). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support procedural continuous assign/deassign (#7493). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randsequence production function ports (#7522). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support followed-by operators `#-#` and `#=#` in properties (#7523). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support expression coverage on assign statements (#7542) (#7543). [Thomas Brown]
+* Support TERMUX (#7559). [Laurent CHARRIER]
+* Support NBAs in initial blocks with delay/event controls (#7566) (#7600). [Muzaffer Kal]
+* Support SVA goto repetition with range `[->M:N]` (#7569). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support property abort operators (accept_on, reject_on) (#7578). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support procedural concurrent assertions with inferred clock (#7581). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support calling interface functions without parens (#7584). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support streaming on queues (#7597). [Benjamin Collier, Secturion Systems, Inc.]
+* Support clocking event on a sequence declaration body (#7598) (#7793). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support generic interface arrays (#7604). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support FSM detection in primitive wrappers (#7607). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Support busses with mix of pullup/pulldown (#7632). [Lucas Amaral]
+* Support forceable on unpacked array variables (#7677) (#7678). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Support pre/post increment/decrement inside && and || (#7683). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support streaming into 2-D unpacked arrays (#7686) (#7687). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Support if/if-else in properties (#7692). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support process::self().srand() (#7695). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support MacOS lldb (#7697). [Tracy Narine]
+* Support assoc array methods with wide value types (#7680). [pawelktk]
+* Support property case (#7682) (#7721). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `s_until` and `s_until_with`(#7722). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support covergroup runtime model Phase A1 (#7728). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Support hierarchical reference cross members (#7749) (#7820). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Support reduction XOR/AND operations in constraints (#7753). [Kornel Uriasz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support NBAs in initial blocks (#7754). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support assertion control system tasks in classes and interfaces (#7761). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support cover sequence statement (#7764). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support unpacked struct stream (#7767). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support $assertcontrol control_type from lock to kill (#7788). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support unbounded always [m:$] and strong s_always liveness (#7798). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support method calls on a sub-interface via a virtual interface (#7800). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support global $assertcontrol (#7807). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI access to unpacked struct members (#7823). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support variable-length intersect in SVA sequences (#7835). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support dynamic loading of VPI extensions (#7727). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Optimize DFG cycle breaking to do less work (#7210). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize emitting to_string() for compiler speedup (#7468). [Jakub Michalski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize additional DFG peephole cases (#7553). [Varun Koyyalagunta, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize forced signal handling (#7554 partial) (#7572) (#7594) (#7596). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize primitive runtime functions. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize if branches with same trailing statements (#7674). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize wide conditional expansion in V3Premit (#7691). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize VL_ONEHOT. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize formatting functions (#7701) (#7702) (#7703). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DPI import argument passing (#7704). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize runtime assertOn() checks (#7707). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize $countones and $onehot in DFG. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize procedural loop unrolling. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize V3Gate inlining heuristic (#7716). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize reset in DFG (#7737). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG with relaxed live variable analysis (#7739). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize conditional patterns sharing common MBSs/LSBs in DfgPeephole (#7760). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize bit select removal earlier in DFG (#7762). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize away proven redundant case statement assertions (#7771). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize table lookups in DFG (#7772). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize input combinational logic by change detection (#7784). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize decoder case statements into lookup tables (#7795). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize wide decoder case statements into decoder expressions (#7804). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize statically known oversize shifts (#7806). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize generated function inlining (#7811). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize bit-scan loops into most-set-bit or $countones (#7822). [Thomas Santerre]
+* Optimize additional expression patterns (#7824). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize module inlining heuristic (#7837). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix `$bits` on unpacked structs (#4521) (#7796). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix TSP variable ordering for mtasks (#5342) (#7610). [Muzaffer Kal]
+* Fix inlining static initializer in V3Gate (#5381) (#7503). [Andrew Nolte] [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix timed nested fork block with disable (#6720) (#7743). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix segmentation fault when using --trace with --lib-create (#7299) (#7518). [anonkey]
+* Fix cross-hierarchy tristate drivers of interface nets (#7339) (#7801). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix destructive event state before dynamic waits (#7340). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix ALWCOMBORDER on variable ordering (#7350) (#7608). [Cookie]
+* Fix false MULTIDRIVEN warning on always_ff variables (#7351) (#7621) (#7672).
+* Fix array pattern concatenation (#7401) (#7402). [Greg Davill]
+* Fix fairness in `std::semaphore` (#7435) (#7605). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix generic interface port forwarded to a nested instance (#7454) (#7457). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix internal error on multi-cycle SVA under default clocking (#7472) (#7506). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix internal error instead of missing prototype error (#7485). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix mailbox#(packed_struct) type mismatch with parameterized class (#7494) (#7495). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix std::randomize internal error on static member of different class (#7498) (#7499). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix assert under assert error (#7500) (#7513). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix std::unique_ptr with incomplete type for clang (#7501) (#7526).
+* Fix virtual interface method call inlining and IMPURE suppression (#7505). [Nikolay Puzanov]
+* Fix expression coverage in loops (#7511). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix $bits on local struct with chained-interface (#7515) (#7517).
+* Fix array indexing side effects in compound assignments (#7519) (#7540) (#7544). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class::localparam during elaboration (#7524) (#7534).
+* Fix dearray variable scope error (#7530) (#7602).
+* Fix nested parameterized class typedef chain (#7538). [Michael Rogenmoser]
+* Fix events in observed region (#7546). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix regression rejecting boolean `!x` inside sequence expressions (#7549) (#7551). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix exponential expansion in V3Gate (#7550). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix internal error on consecutive repetition with N > 256 (#7552) (#7603). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inherited rand array with .size + foreach constraint (#7558) (#7650). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix biased bit distribution under value < (1 << N) constraints (#7563) (#7684). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix HIERPARAM lint checking (#7570) (#7690). [em2machine]
+* Fix display of %m in non-first argument (#7574).
+* Fix floating point compile warning on min/max delays.
+* Fix force of unpacked arrays (#7579) (#7580). [Zubin Jain]
+* Fix property argument retaining type of the previous variable (#7582). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Fix NBA to whole arrays (#7583) (#7575). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix wrong false assert for property local variables with cycle-delayed consequents (#7587) (#7651). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix interface instance name collision (#7591) (#7593). [Stuart Morris]
+* Fix process comparison compile error with `--public-flat-rw` (#7592).
+* Fix CPU pinning when no 'core id' present (#7599). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix access to parameters via class::localparam (#7609) (#7671). [em2machine]
+* Fix clocking-block sample of unpacked array (#7612) (#7613). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix type parameters order (#7615) (#7653) (#7693). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unique_index method on assoc arrays with values differing from the keys (#7616). [Pawel Klopotek]
+* Fix wide equality comparison in unpacked structs (#7618). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix force determinism (#7620) (#7637). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix reference counting for modport task references (#7628). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix internal error when handling typedefs containing parameterized class type members (#7635) (#7661). [em2machine]
+* Fix forceable signal with a procedural continuous assign (#7638) (#7639). [Zubin Jain]
+* Fix scheduling of virtual interface method writes (#7641). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix implicit conversions of VlWide (#7642). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix CASEINCOMPLETE to not warn on `unique0 case` (#7647).
+* Fix hierarchical coverage counts for duplicate no-inline module instances (#7649). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Fix dropped iff guard on clocking inside task (#7658) (#7659). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix runtime speed summary report. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix reserved keywords reaching emitter (#7666). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix width of unsized literal in property expression (#7668). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix loss of events due to bit shift (#7670). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter read through locally-declared interface instance (#7679). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix skipping nulls in $sscanf (#7689).
+* Fix bounds checks in expressions with read/write references (#7694). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix (const) ref default task argument handling (#7698). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix `ref` argument type check for packed arrays with differing range directions (#7700). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix ignoring not-found modules with encoded names (#7706). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVEN in generates (#7709). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parameter pollution when using class parameters (#7711) (#7763). [em2machine]
+* Fix Makefile action to not write to ${srcdir} (#7715). [Larry Doolittle]
+* Fix splitting functions containing fork logic (#7717). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix optimizations of assignments with timing controls (#7718). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix s_eventually on interface (#7731) (#7733). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix parameter values in coverage bins widths (#7732) (#7734). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Fix configure fall back on dynamic malloc libraries (#7736). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix crash on overlapping priority case. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix s_eventually in parameterized interfaces (#7741). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix dpi export pointers (#7742) (#7751). [Yilin Li]
+* Fix force on unpacked bit select (#7744) (#7745). [Nikolai Kumar]
+* Fix `$` as unsupported coverpoint-bin range bounds (#7750) (#7825). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix FSM detect unchecked casts and variable redeclaration (#7758). [Adam Kostrzewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix no-scope internal error on virtual interface method calls (#7759). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `case (_) inside` with x wildcards (#7766). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix not failing assertion when RHS of a range window rejects once (#7773). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix $fflush and autoflush with --threads (#7782).
+* Fix out-of-bounds read value for 2-state types (#7785). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Fix `cover property` of an implication counting vacuous matches (#7789). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix randomization of dynamic arrays of objects (#7790). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randomize() with skipping derived pre/post_randomize (#7799). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix skewed dist operator for arrays (#7802). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix assertion when loop unrolling failed (#7810). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix CASEINCOMPLETE for all uncovered enum items (#7815) (#7817). [Saksham]
+* Fix split optimization nested-class crash (#7826). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class/var named identically to an enclosing-scope type (#7827) (#7828). [Tom Jackson]
+* Fix performance on large package-scoped structs (#7830). [Wolfgang Mayerwieser]
+* Fix unclocked concurrent assertion misreported as unsupported  (#7831). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix insertion of expression coverage statement (#7832). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix lifetime of expression coverage variable (#7834). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix disable iff ignored when its condition is held continuously true (#7841). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constant pool cache after dead scope removal (#7845). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix covergroups without --coverage (#7848) (#7849). [Joshua Leahy]
+* Fix class scope '::' reference through an inherited type parameter (#7844). [Sergey Chusov]
+
+
+Verilator 5.048 2026-04-26
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Displaying Verilator generated FST files will require an updated version
+  of Surfer (built from 'main', or the future numbered release 0.7.0).
+  No GTKWave update is necessary (#7255).
+* Support jemalloc as the default allocator on Linux (#7250). [Yangyu Chen]
+  For better performance, `apt install libjemalloc-dev` or equivalent before running ./configure.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add VPI callback support to `--main` (#7145).
+* Add `--func-recursion-depth` option (#7175) (#7179).
+* Add `+verilator+solver+file` for debugging constraint solver (#7242).
+* Add `--coverage-fsm` for experimental FSM state and arc coverage (#7412). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Add printed summary to verilator_coverage (#7438) (#7462). [Yogish Sekhar]
+* Deprecate `--structs-packed` (#7222).
+* Remove DFG extract optimization pass (#7394). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Remove multi-threaded FST tracing (#7443). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Improve assignment-compatibility type check (#2843) (#5666) (#7052). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve error message when variable used as data type (#7318). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve E_UNSUPPORTED warning messages (#7329). [Eunseo Song]
+* Improve NFA-based multi-cycle SVA evaluation engine (#7430). [Yilou Wang]
+* Change array tracing to dump left index to right index (#7205). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change `--converge-limit` default to 10000 (#7209).
+* Support inout inside SV interface (#3466) (#7134) (#7708) (#7710). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support `##0` cycle delays (#4263) (#7298). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support multidimensional arrays of interfaces (#6230) (#7451). [em2machine]
+* Support array reduction methods with 'with' clause in constraints (#6455) (#6999). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constraint imperfect distributions (#6811) (#7168). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disable task by name (#6853) (#7136). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support procedural concurrent assertion simple cases (#6944).
+* Support force assignments to array elements of real type (#7048). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI array indexing in signal names (#7097) (#7187) (#7214) (#7289). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support soft constraint solving (#7124) (#7166). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraints on fixed-size array of class object members (#7170) (#7183). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support Z non-blocking assignment (#7192) (#496) (#7197). [Nick Brereton]
+* Support constraint `with` item.index array reduction (#7198). [Rahul Behl]
+* Support constant expressions without parentheses in `PATHPULSE$` (#7199). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support $sformat with runtime format string (#7212).
+* Support dist and solve...before inside foreach constraints (#7245) (#7253). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array and struct info metadata in FST traces (#7255). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Support dynamic array .size in inline randomize() with constraints (#7258) (#7266). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support defparam with more than one dot (#7262). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support modport export/import task prototypes and out-of-block definitions (#7277). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support very wide $display arguments (#7280). [Jakub Michalski]
+* Support named sequence declarations and instances in assertions  (#7283). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `##`, `##[*]`, `##[+]`, `##[M:N]` cycle delays in assertions (#7284) (#7312) (#7377). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support boolean and/or in sequence expressions (#7285). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support property-local variables and sequence match items (#7286). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 'until' and `until_with` property (#7290 partial) (#7399) (#7436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support implication operator with constraint_set (#7300) (#7448). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support array map() method (#7307) (#7316) (#7344). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support MacOS address sanitizer memory limit (#7308). [Marco Bartoli]
+* Support SVA goto repetition `[->N]` in concurrent assertions (#7310). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support consecutive repetition `[\*N]` in SVA properties (#7311). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support rise/fall delays (#7368). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support sequence intersect operator (#7374). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence 'throughout' operator (#7378). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence consecutive repetition `[*N:M]`, `[+]`, and `[*]` (#7379). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support sequence `first_match` operator (#7392). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support nonconsecutive repetition [=N] in sequence expressions (#7397). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support per-process RNG for process::srandom() and object seeding (#7408) (#7415) (#7408). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support 2**n expressions in constraint randomization (#7422). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support IEEE-compliant force/release handling (#7391). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support sequence 'within' operator (#7461). [Yilou Wang]
+* Optimize trace code for faster compiles on repeated types (#6707) (#6832). [Todd Strader]
+* Optimize impure expressions and calls with new V3LiftExpr pass (#7141) (#7164). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize size of trace declaration object code (#7150). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize function call return value temporaries (#7152). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize conditional merging across some impure statements (#7159). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize reuse of existing associative terms in DfgPeephole. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize duplicate vertices and multiplexers in DfgPeephole (#7305). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize commutative vertex operands in DFG for better combining. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG peephole until a fixed point (#7309). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize comparisons with identical operands and $countones in DFG. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more patterns in DfgPeephole (#7332). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize read references in DFG (#7354). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DFG only once, after scoping (#7362). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more DFG peephole patterns (#7423) (#7452). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize DfgBreakCycles IndependentBits analysis ordering (#7446). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize select patterns in DfgPeephole. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion in DfgPeephole. [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize arithmetic right shift (>>>) in DfgBreakCycles (#7447). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion in DFG (#7459). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize mix of Concat/Extend assignments (#7479). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix recursive default assignment for sub-arrays (#4589) (#7202). [Julian Carrier]
+* Fix tracing virtual interface member written from classes (#5044) (#7465). [Nikolay Puzanov]
+* Fix virtual interface member trigger convergence (#5116) (#7323). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix shift width mismatch in constraint solver SMT emission (#5420) (#7265). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix returning wrong type from static function in parameterized class (#5479) (#7387) (#7411) (#7418) (#7445) (#7450). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize size+element queue constraints (#5582) (#7225). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix null assignment to virtual interfaces (#5974) (#5990). [Maxim Fonarev]
+* Fix typedef scope resolution for parameterized class aliases (#5977) (#7319). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lambda coroutines (#6106) (#7135). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix super constructor calls with local variables (#6214) (#6933). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter default comparison when value contains type cast (#6281) (#7369) (#6281). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `local::` false error in randomize() with on parameterized class (#6680) (#7293). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false recursive definition error (#6769) (#7118). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix port assignment to large arrays (#6904).
+* Fix interface localparam dependencies and arbitrary nesting (#6936) (#7128) (#7188) (#7190). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#7000) (#7006). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix errant integer promotion (#7012). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix randc solver hang with wide variables (#7068) (#7248). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix coroutine trace setters (#7078 repair) (#7296). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix vpi_put_value not updating forced read value (#7092) (#7395) (#7092). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix scheduling non-determinism (#7120) (#7162) (#7165). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix parameters inside std::randomize `with` clause  (#7140). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix forcing unpacked variables (#7149). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide conditional short circuiting (#7155).
+* Fix eliminating assignments to DPI-read variables (#7158). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix std::randomize() in static function with static class members (#7167) (#7169). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix resolving default/non-default type parameters (#7171) (#7346) (#7380) (#7385) (#7398) (#7406) (#7398). [em2machine]
+* Fix recursive constant function in $unit scope (#7173) (#7174).
+* Fix class extend references between queues (#7195).
+* Fix library/hier_block tracing when top name is empty (#7200). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface select from sub-interface instance (#7203) (#7370) (#7203). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI force of bit-selected signals (#7211) (#7301). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix `$finish` to immediately stop executing code from non-final blocks (#7213 partial) (#7390).
+* Fix wrong $bits() for parameterized interface struct typedefs (#7218) (#7219). [em2machine]
+* Fix `dist` operator inside constraint if blocks (#7221) (#7224). [Rahul Behl, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix array reduction in constraints crashing with class inheritance (#7226) (#7263). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix soft cross-object constraint priority inversion (#7228) (#7233). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix internal error when derived class calls this.randomize() with inherited rand members (#7229) (#7234). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum range constraints missing for rand variables in sub-objects (#7230) (#7235). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix vpi_put_value release on non-continuous signal (#7231) (#7241). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix functions in generate block resulting in 'Broken link in node' (#7236) (#7367). [em2machine]
+* Fix tracing of typedefed 1D packed arrays with --trace-structs (#7237). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand variable used as array index in constraint evaluated as constant (#7238) (#7247). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix --hierarchical dropping arguments in -f/-F files (#7240). [Clara Sparks]
+* Fix `final` asserts and $stop (#7249). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix MacOS clang PCH compile error with -o flag (#7251) (#7327). [Eunseo Song]
+* Fix vpi_put_value with vpiIntVal on VlWide data (#7256). [Christian Hecken]
+* Fix streaming with descending unpacked arrays and unpacked-to-queue (#7287). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix MacOs lexer compile error (#7314) (#7315). [Tracy Narine]
+* Fix linking shared library with its dependencies (#7320). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix modport selection of virtual interface handle (#7321). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input ports driven from outside (#7322). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix static initialization order for packages with class hierarchies (#7324). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix sensitivity of signals to unrelated interface members (#7336). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` imply-delay statement linking (#7337). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix lost `$stop` on implied assertion `$error` failures.
+* Fix wait() hang when interface uses process calls and VIF function (#7342). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix error on illegal nand/nor binary operators (#7353).
+* Fix simple array assignment unrolling in slice optimization (#7359). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix missing temporary for DfgSplicePacked (#7361). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix virtual interface function calls binding to wrong instance (#7363). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false ASSIGNIN on interface input port connections (#7365). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix string `inside` queue (#7373).
+* Fix subclass with rand_mode(0) getting randomized (#7376) (#7383). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix VPI access to Verilog `force`-ed signals (#7381). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix sampling of hierarchical references (#7386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual class inheritance false error (#7403) (#7405). [Nikolay Puzanov]
+* Fix CMake compiler coroutine flags (#7404). [Shogo Yamazaki]
+* Fix delete inside foreach skipping elements (#7407) (#7410)
+* Fix std::randomize in parameterized-derived class (#7409) (#7416). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix virtual interface implied comparison with null (#7421). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix uvm_hdl_release_and_read to release value and check success (#7425). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix inline constraint on array-indexed randomize target (#7431) (#7434). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix modification of members of object with const handle (#7433). [Kamil Danecki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `dist` under implication in constraints (#7440) (#7442). [Alex Solomatnikov] [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix std::randomize `inside` corrupting class-member queue operand (#7449) (#7456). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix module parameters not re-evaluated upon instantiation (#7463) (#7477). [em2machine]
+* Fix function-in-constraint internal error on bare port return (#7473) (#7480). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix access to static variable inside function (#7474) (#7475). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix multiple inclusion of verilated_std.sv (#7478). [Larry Doolittle]
+* Fix std::randomize inside {typedef array} internal error (#7481). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix module parameters not re-evaluated upon instantiation (#7463) (#7477). [em2machine]
+* Fix infinite recursion with VERILATOR_BIN (#7496) (#7497).
+* Add error on mixed declaration initialization with continuous assignment (#7352). [Zhi QU]
+
+Verilator 5.046 2026-02-28
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Support #0 delays with IEEE-1800 compliant semantics (#7079). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+  This may require `-no-sched-zero-delay` to maintain performance vs. previous versions.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add IEEE 4-state type lint checks (#3645 partial) (#6895). [Jose Drowne]
+* Add VERILATOR_NUMA_STRATEGY environment variable (#6826) (#6880). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add decoded Verilog name in JSON output (#6919) (#6995). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Add parsing of solve-before inside foreach (#6934). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error when accessing a non-static class field from a static function (#6948). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add VerilatedContext::useNumaAssign and set on threads() call (#6954). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Add coverage type information to verilator_coverage annotation output (#7131) (#7133) (#7148).
+* Add --max-replication option (#7139). [Todd Strader]
+* Support modport expression syntax + nested (#2601) (#5581) (#7005). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support nested interface as port connection (#5066) (#6986). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Support solve..before constraints (#5647) (#7123). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support structure initial values (#6130).
+* Support proper automatic/static initialization, and remove STATICVAR warning (#6405) (#7086).
+* Support vpi_put/vpi_get forcing of signals (#5933) (#6704). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Support detailed failure info for constraint violations (#6617) (#6883). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `unique` constraints (on 1D static arrays) (#6810) (#6878). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support complex expressions as std::randomize arguments (#6860). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dynamic array elements in std::randomize (#6896). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support unbounded '$' in inside range expressions (#6935) (#6938). [Wei-Lun Chiu]
+* Support `extern module` as a forward-declaration that is ignored.
+* Support `foreach` with nested dots (#6991). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support signed multiplication in constraints (#7008). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constraint_mode() on static constraints (#7027) (#7038). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support some system functions in constraint blocks (#7028) (#7036). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support std::randomize() for queue, dynamic array, and associative array variables (#7044). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support inherited and nested pre/post_randomize callbacks (#7049) (#7053). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `$get_initial_random_seed` (#7056) (#7069). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support unique constraint on explicit array element subsets (#7057) (#7064). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked structs (#7060). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support function calls with random arguments in constraints (#7061) (#7083). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support power expressions with constant exponent in constraints (#7073). [Kamil Danecki]
+* Support `disable iff` with sequences (#7090). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `this` keyword inside inline randomize() with {} constraint blocks (#7102) (#7113). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support constraint dynamic array reduction methods without 'with' clause (#7104) (#7108). [Yilou Wang]
+* Remove deprecated `--xml-only`.
+* Remove deprecated `--make cmake`.
+* Change JSON dumps to not include booleans that are false (#6977).
+* Change metacomment extra underscore error to BADVLTPRAGMA warning (#6968). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Change INITIALSTATIC to also report on processes, per IEEE (#7020).
+* Change automatic variables to not be traced.
+* Change type definition error to show type chain with source context (#7151).
+* Optimize string temporaries to not be localized (#6969). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize wide word shifts by multiple of word size (#6970). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize concatenations that produce unused bits in DFG (#6971). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize more wide operation temporaries with substitution (#6972). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize right shifts as clean (#6981). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize temporary insertion for concatenations in DFG (#7013). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize removing redundant variables during DFG Peephole pass (#7076). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize additional DFG peephole Shift and Concat patterns (#7077). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize logic and variable removal early in DFG (#7081). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize straight line code in DFG always (#7084). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize always blocks using local temporary variables in DFG (#7085). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize functions inlined from packages in DFG (#7091). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Optimize continuous assignments with function on RHS in DFG (#7096). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix MULTIDRIVEN with task and default driver (#4045) (#6858). [em2machine]
+* Fix parameterized virtual interface references that have no model references (#4286).
+* Fix hierarchical interface/modport issues (#5941) (#6997). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix extending class by a typedef (#6679) (#6855). [Alex Zhou]
+* Fix variable reference lookup for module-level variables (#6741) (#6882). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix false CASEOVERLAP case item expression lint (#6825) (#6886). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix virtual interface triggers (#6844). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use-after-free error (#6846). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix dynamic scheduler temporary variable locations (#6859) (#6926). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#6877). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix large debug_str for emitted Syms headers (#6889). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6890). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix #0 delays to control fork scheduling (#6891). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix member-selected randomization assignments (#6892). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix WIDTHEXTEND suppression on add/sub with single-bit signal. [Dan Katz]
+* Fix segfault in V3Slice (#6899). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked array concatenation function arguments (#6900). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix signedness of packed array (#6901) (#6902). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix assignment of queue from unpacked array (#6906).
+* Fix `foreach` with mid-index empty commas (#6910).
+* Fix internal error when fork under always expression (#6911).
+* Fix error when calling non-static method (#6916). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak in vpi_put_value and vpi_get_value (#6917). [Christian Hecken, Heidelberg University]
+* Fix interface internal type reference (#6920) (#6966). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix segfault after assignment pattern XOR error (#6928) (#6931). [emmettifelts]
+* Fix delayed initial assignment (#6929). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix event triggering (#6932) (#7072) (#7101). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--top-module` with underscores (#6940). [Christopher Batten]
+* Fix variable randomization to better differ by seed (#6945) (#6956). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix null pointer dereference in class member trigger expressions (#6946). [Cameron Waite]
+* Fix type assignments for arrays of parameter types (#6955). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix accessing non-rand struct member in constraints (#6960). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix associative array of events causes C++ compile error (#6962).
+* Fix UNUSED / UNDRIVEN for unused functions (#6967). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix non-inlined function return value clearing (#6982).
+* Fix parameterized class typedef as interface type parameter (#6983) (#6984). [Leela Pakanati]
+* Fix virtual interface not found internal error (#7010). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix multidimensional dynamic array elements passed to ref argument (#7023). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randomize() null pointer dereference (#7026). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix randc cyclic behavior broken with constraints (#7029) (#7035). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inline foreach constraints on dynamic arrays of class objects (#7030) (#7037). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix rand_mode() on nested object variables causing Z3 solver error (#7031) (#7034). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix non-member identifiers used inside constraints (#7033). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix tracing without module inlining to match with inlining (#7041). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix scope tree in traces in hierarchical mode (#7042). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix rand_mode()/constraint_mode() when used as function arguments (#7051) (#7055). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constraint_mode()/rand_mode() in constructor being overwritten (#7054). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix enum variables in constraint solver producing invalid enum values (#7058) (#7065). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix randomize() on null object handle crashing instead of returning 0 (#7059) (#7066). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix inside operator crash with impure expression and unsized range literals (#7063) (#7067). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix constant propagating DPI-written variables (#7074). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix conditional expressions in constraints (#7087). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on $sampled in sensitivity list (#7093). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix time to not advance after `$finish` (#7095).
+* Fix associative array size() constraint generating invalid resize() call (#7103) (#7112). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `new` shallow copy to preserve polymorphic runtime type (#7105) (#7109). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix circular class reference %p-printing causing infinite recursion (#7106).
+* Fix too-short bit pack returning wrong value (#7111).
+* Fix randomize of real (#7115). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Fix inlining of C functions with reloop locals (#7132). [Geza Lore, Testorrent USA, Inc.]
+* Fix segfault in EmitCSyms (#7142) (#7143). [Gilberto Abram]
+
+
+Verilator 5.044 2026-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is the last release supporting the deprecated `--xml-only` and
+  `--make cmake` options.
+* Change `--lint-only` and `--json-only` to imply `--timing` (#6790).
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `--unroll-limit` option (#6654) (#6668). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-fno-inline-funcs-eager` option to disable excessive inlining (#6682). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-param`/`-port` options to `public_flat*` control directives (#6685). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `--top` specifying `config` name (#6710). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Add `sc_biguint` pragma (#6712). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `make venv` target (#6775). [Geza Lore]
+* Add SUPERNFIRST error on super.new on non-first statement (#6784). [Artur Bieniek]
+* Add fargs for reusability of `--dump-inputs` output (#6812). [Geza Lore]
+* Add `--quiet-build` to suppress make/compiler informationals.
+* Support `std::randomize(){...}` (#4706) (#6573). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked array elements (partial #4735) (#6787). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `config' (#5891) (#6714) (#6717) (#6745) (#6764). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Support unpacked struct in localparam (#6053 partial) (#6708). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Support `randsequence` (#6131).
+* Support array reference arguments into 'std::randomize()' (#6384) (#6719). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic global constraints (#6551) (#6552). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support SystemC time resolution with step 10/100 (#6633) (#6715). [Aliaksei Chapyzhenka]
+* Support `this.randomize()` with constraints (#6634). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multi-expression sequences (#6639). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `#1step` delay as statement  (#6671). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support clocking output delay `1step` (#6681). [Ondrej Ille]
+* Support parsing of dotted `bins_expression` (#6683). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constant expression cycle delays in sequences (#6691). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support general global constraints (#6709) (#6711) (#7833) (#7838). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support complex std::randomize patterns (#6736) (#6737). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand_mode` in global constraint gathering (#6740) (#6752). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support reduction or in constraints (#6840). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support vpiSigned (#6868) (#6870). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Optimize away calls to empty functions (#6626). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize redundant headers in Syms implementation files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize constructor/destructor VerilatedModules (#6660). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize repeated function call during symbol table initialization (#6665). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize functions reading external parameters as pure (#6684). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize `$past` delayed variable reuse (#6689). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize combinational loops through sign extension (#6724). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trace initialization code size (#6749). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles in DFG (#6744) (#6746) (#6744). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize inlining small C functions and add `-inline-cfuncs` (#6815). [Jose Drowne]
+* Fix generate function(s) inside of generate blocks (#1011) (#6789). [em2machine]
+* Fix typedef derived from type defined inside interface (#3441) (#6776). [em2machine]
+* Fix warning lint directive ordering and consistency (#4185) (#5368) (#5610) (#6876).
+* Fix extern function that returns parameterized class (#4924).
+* Fix type deduction for variable parameterized classes (#6281) (#6813). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize called within func/task (#6144) (#6753). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix pre/post_randomize on extended classes (#6467). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix expression short circuiting (#6483). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix resized lvalues with warning suppressed (#6497) (#6816). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix unsupported `if` virtual interface warning (#6558) (#6861). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression coverage of system calls (#6592). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `--timing` with `--x-initial-edge` (#6603) (#6631). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix merging of impure assignments in gate optimization (#6629) (#6630). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix determining Verilator revision when within git submodules without tags.
+* Fix initial random values for verilator-created variables (#6611). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parsing of `with` clause inside covergroups (#6618). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix slice memory overflow on large output arrays (#6636) (#6638). [Jens Yuechao Liu]
+* Fix localparam type assignment from interface type parameters (#6637) (#6732). [em2machine]
+* Fix memory usage statistics on MacOS (#6644). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix command line statistics with --stats (#6645) (#6646). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix slow compilation of generated sampled value code (#6652). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix non-deterministic output when splitting Syms file. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on DFG driver lookup (#6649). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ccache-report with PCH files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class function (#6659) (#6802). [em2machine]
+* Fix local interface parameter hierarchical access (#6661) (#6666). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix splitting of Syms constructor/destructor bodies (#6662). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix long C++ compilation due to VerilatedScope constructors (#6664). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix large array initialization (#6669). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--expand-limit` not respected for expressions (#6670). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix `free` name collision (#6675). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix bounds checking in non-inlined function (#6677). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix stream operator widening (#6693) (#6697). [Jean-Nicolas Strauss]
+* Fix multitop cross references (#6699).
+* Fix DFG independent bits analysis performance (#6713) (#6743). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix deleting linked node error in V3Randomize (#6718). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix runtime worker thread stack sizes on MacOS (#6721). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix X handling in UDPs (#6722) (#6723). [Michael Bikovitsky]
+* Fix `--prof-exec` using `--lib-create`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix fork scheduling semantics (#6730). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix JSON output case statements (#6733).
+* Fix internal fault when cross-class calling with DPI (#6735) (#6742). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix write variable placement for global constraints (#6740) (#6750) (#6797). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix JSON dump missing output ports (#6751) (#6831). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Fix resolution of specialized typedefs (#6754) (#6808) (#6834). [em2machine]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on force / release with complex selects (#6755). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix select assignment expansion (#6757). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with multi-bit clocks (#6759). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG reusing volatile variables. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG assertion on out-of-bounds selects. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process reference giving no return statement error (#6767) (#6823). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class param static not found again error (#6768).
+* Fix crash when super.new() called without a base class (#6772). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix class-in-class extends with parameters (#6773).
+* Fix enum item references in class extends with parameters.
+* Fix reordering of function body inlined on RHS of <= NBA (#6780). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix clang `-Wno-vla-cxx-extension` warning for UVM DPI tests (#6782)
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6783). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix input sampling of clocking block signals (#6788). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix O(n*2) analysis in const-bit-op-tree (#6791). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix member select of variable without randmode (#6800) (#6833). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix duplicate name error with interface initial blocks (#6804) (#6805). [Thomas Dybdahl Ahle]
+* Fix nested struct within parameter port list (#6818) (#6824). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix setting thread count in VerilatedContext (#6826 partial) (#6841). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Fix firing array selects of events (#6829). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix false IMPLICITSTATIC on localparam (#6835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randcase under fork (#6843). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix JSON missing `signed` indication (#6845).
+* Fix class reference throwing cannot detect changes error (#6851).
+* Fix `randc` on extended class (#6852).
+* Fix typedef `::` class reference error (#6862).
+* Fix missing include on FreeBSD (#6864).
+* Fix `--Wwarn-lint` to be inverse of `--Wno-lint`.
+
+
 Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
 ==========================
 
@@ -39,6 +841,7 @@ Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
 * Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
 * Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support assert under assert (#6146). [Alex Solomatnikov]
 * Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
@@ -236,6 +1039,8 @@ Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
 * Fix wide select expansion and substitution (#6341) (#6345). [Geza Lore]
 * Fix upcasting class type parameters (#6344). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix undefined weak link for Apple GCC etc (#6348). [Congcong Cai]
+* Fix emitting unbounded parameters (#6912).
+* Fix syntax error on unsupported defparam array (#6915).
 
 
 Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
@@ -259,7 +1064,7 @@ Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
 * Support non-overlapping blocking/non-blocking assignments (#6137). [Geza Lore]
 * Support parameter forward types.
 * Support constant functions with left-hand-side concatenates.
-* Add PROCINITASSIGN on initial assignments to process variables (#2481). [Niraj Menon]
+* Add PROCINITASSIGN on initial assignments to process variables (#2481) (#7640). [Niraj Menon]
 * Add BADVLTPRAGMA on unknown Verilator pragmas (#5945). [Shou-Li Hsu]
 * Add ternary operator into branch coverage (#5880). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Add aggregate type error checks (#5570) (#5950). [Shou-Li Hsu]
@@ -445,6 +1250,7 @@ Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
 * Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
 * Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
 * Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize some DFG multiplexers (#6822). [Yangyu Chen]
 * Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
 * Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
@@ -1914,7 +2720,6 @@ Verilator 4.108 2021-01-10
 * Fix to ignore coverage on real ports (#2741) (#2745). [Paul Wright]
 
 
-
 Verilator 4.106 2020-12-02
 ==========================
 
@@ -2321,7 +3126,6 @@ Verilator 4.018 2019-08-29
 * Fix internal error on gate optimization of assign. (#1475) [Oyvind Harboe]
 
 
-
 Verilator 4.016 2019-06-16
 ==========================
 
@@ -4772,7 +5576,6 @@ Verilator 3.270 2004-10-15
 * Fix numeric fault when dividing by zero.
 
 
-
 Verilator 3.260 2004-10-07
 ==========================
 
@@ -5111,7 +5914,7 @@ Verilator 3.104 2003-04-30
 **Major:**
 
 * Indicate direction of ports with VL_IN and VL_OUT.
-* Allow $c32, etc, to specify width of the $c statement for VCS.
+* Allow $c32, etc, to specify width of the $c statement.
 * Numerous performance improvements, worth about 25%
 
 **Minor:**
@@ -5394,9 +6197,9 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========
 
-Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2001-2025 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

LICENSE

@@ -1,165 +1,304 @@
-                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
 
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
 
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
-the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
-License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
 
-  0. Additional Definitions.
+0. Additional Definitions.
 
-  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
-General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
-General Public License.
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
 
-  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
-other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
 
-  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
-by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
-Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
-of using an interface provided by the Library.
+An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
 
-  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
-Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
-with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
-Version".
+A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
 
-  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
-Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
-for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
-based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
 
-  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
-object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
-and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
-Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
 
-  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
 
-  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
-without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
 
-  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+     a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
 
-  If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
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-   a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
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+3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
 
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+You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
 
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+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/Apache-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Apache License
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
+
+"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
+
+"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
+
+     (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+     (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
+
+     (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
+
+     (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
+
+     You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
+
+Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

LICENSES/Artistic-2.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+The Artistic License 2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Preamble
+
+This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over the development of that Package while still keeping the Package available as open source and free software.
+
+You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package.  If the terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a different licensing arrangement.
+
+Definitions
+
+     "Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in the copyright notice for the entire Package.
+
+     "Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's procedures.
+
+     "You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or modify the Package.
+
+     "Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified Version.
+
+     "Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization, to others outside of your company or organization.
+
+     "Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this Package or providing support for this Package to another party.  It does not mean licensing fees.
+
+     "Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
+
+     "Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
+
+     "Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and configuration files for the Package.
+
+     "Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of the Source form.
+
+Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
+
+(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you do not Distribute the Modified Version.
+
+Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
+
+(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the Standard Version of this Package in any medium without restriction, either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.  At your discretion, such verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form of the Package.
+
+(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other modifications made available from the Copyright Holder.  The resulting Package will still be considered the Standard Version, and as such will be subject to the Original License.
+
+Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
+
+(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from the Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+     (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
+     (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent the user installing or running the Standard Version. In addition, the Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of the Standard Version.
+     (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
+
+          (i) the Original License or
+          (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.
+
+Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified Versions without the Source
+
+(5)  You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to get the Source of the Standard Version.  Such instructions must be valid at the time of your distribution.  If these instructions, at any time while you are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must provide new instructions on demand or cease further distribution. If you provide valid instructions or cease distribution within thirty days after you become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do not forfeit any of your rights under this license.
+
+(6)  You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the Source of the Modified Version.
+
+Aggregating or Linking the Package
+
+(7)  You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the Package.  Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other components in the aggregation are permitted. The terms of this license apply to the use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions as included in the aggregation.
+
+(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the Package, and Distribute the result without restriction, provided the result does not expose a direct interface to the Package.
+
+Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
+
+(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause the Package to be a Modified Version.  In addition, such works are not considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms of this license.
+
+General Provisions
+
+(10)  Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
+
+(11)  If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.
+
+(12)  This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
+
+(13)  This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
+
+(14)  Disclaimer of Warranty:
+THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/BSD-3-Clause.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Copyright (c) <year> <owner>.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

LICENSES/CC0-1.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
+
+CC0 1.0 Universal
+
+    CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE
+    LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN
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+    REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS
+    PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
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+
+Statement of Purpose
+
+The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer
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+These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free
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+
+For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any
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+1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be
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+
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+
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+
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+"License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was
+applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any
+reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such
+partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder
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+will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related
+Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of
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+
+4. Limitations and Disclaimers.
+
+ a. No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned,
+    surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.
+ b. Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or
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+ c. Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons
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+    party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to
+    this CC0 or use of the Work.

LICENSES/ISC.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ISC License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2004-2010 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+Copyright (c) 1995-2003 by Internet Software Consortium
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

LICENSES/LGPL-3.0-only.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+0. Additional Definitions.
+
+As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
+
+A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
+
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+The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+
+1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
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+
+     b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.
+
+3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+     a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
+
+     b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+4. Combined Works.
+You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of the following:
+
+     a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
+
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+
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+     d) Do one of the following:
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+           0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.
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+
+5. Combined Libraries.
+You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+     a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+     b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
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+
+GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
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+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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+Preamble
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+The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
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+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
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+“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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+“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
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+All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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+You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
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+You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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+
+6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
+
+     a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
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+
+7. Additional Terms.
+“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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+8. Termination.
+You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
+
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
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+9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
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+
+11. Patents.
+A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
+
+A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
+
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+In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
+
+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
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+
+A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
+
+14. Revised Versions of this License.
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+
+15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+16. Limitation of Liability.
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-Altera-No-Warranty.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+This Verilog file was developed by Altera Corporation.  It may be
+freely copied and/or distributed at no cost.  Any persons using this
+file for any purpose do so at their own risk, and are responsible for
+the results of such use.  Altera Corporation does not guarantee that
+this file is complete, correct, or fit for any particular purpose.
+NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.  This notice must
+accompany any copy of this file.

LICENSES/LicenseRef-IEEE-1800.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+This license is used on IEEE files where there is a permitted use of
+standards, including copying strictly necessary to implement normative
+interfaces defined by the standard. Refer to IEEE SA Operations Manual
+Clause 6.1 and IEEE Standards Permission policies.
+
+--
+
+Copyright 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+IEEE, 802, and POSIX are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent &
+Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Incorporated.
+
+IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and
+international copyright laws.  They are made available by IEEE and are
+adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include
+both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private
+self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering
+practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and
+adoption by public authorities and private users, neither IEEE nor its
+licensors waive any rights in copyright to the documents.

LICENSES/MIT.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

LICENSES/Unlicense.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

Makefile.in

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 #****************************************************************************/
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
 CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
+GCOV = @GCOV@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
 
 #### End of system configuration section. ####
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES = \
   include/*.[chv]* \
   include/*.vlt \
   include/*.sv \
-  include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
+  include/fstcpp/*.[chv]* \
   include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
 
 VL_INST_DATA_SRCDIR_FILES = \
@@ -292,15 +293,14 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
-	cp ${srcdir}/bin/redirect ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
-	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
-	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin)");' \
-	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
-	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
+	REDIR_SCRATCH=$$(mktemp redir_XXXXXX); \
+	perl -p -e 'use File::Spec;' \
+	        -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin)");' \
+	        -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect" > $$REDIR_SCRATCH; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
-	done
-	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$REDIR_SCRATCH $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+	done; \
+	rm $$REDIR_SCRATCH
 
 # Man files can either be part of the original kit, or built in current directory
 # So important we use $^ so VPATH is searched
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	done
 
 installdata:
-	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
+	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/fstcpp
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ uninstall:
 	-rm $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/verilator-config.cmake
 	-rm $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/verilator-config-version.cmake
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin
-	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
+	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/fstcpp
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/make_hello_binary
@@ -398,9 +398,12 @@ CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
 CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
 CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
 CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
-CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
+CHECK_H = $(filter-out \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_package.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/config_rev.h, \
+  $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
-  $(srcdir)/src/*.h )
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.h ))
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
   $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
@@ -414,7 +417,7 @@ CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --cppcheck-build-dir=$(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
 CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 -DINFILTER_PIPE=1 -D__GNUC__=1
 CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -j$(CPPCHECK_JOBS)
 CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include
-CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/fstcpp
 CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd
 CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg
 CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src
@@ -441,7 +444,9 @@ cppcheck:
 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
   -header-filter='.*' \
-  -checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+  -checks='*,-abseil-*,-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+
+# Good checks: -checks='-*,bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition,google-build-using-namespace,google-readability-casting,modernize-use-default-member-init,modernize-use-emplace,modernize-use-equals-default,modernize-use-equals-delete,modernize-use-nullptr,performance-faster-string-find,readability-isolate-declaration,readability-redundant-control-flow,readability-redundant-member-init,readability-redundant-string-cstr,readability-uppercase-literal-suffix
 
 CLANGTIDY_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cpp.tidy,$(CHECK_CPP))
 CLANGTIDY_DEFS = -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1
@@ -460,23 +465,21 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py
-
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
-CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
-CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
-
-format-c clang-format:
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
-	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
-
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
-
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-coverage-report.bash \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-rtlmeter-report.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \
 
 # CMake files
 CMAKE_FILES = \
@@ -495,6 +498,17 @@ MAKE_FILES = \
   src/Makefile*.in \
   test_regress/Makefile* \
 
+# Markdown
+MD_FILES = \
+  *.md \
+  */*.md \
+
+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
 # Python programs, subject to format and lint
 PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_ccache_report \
@@ -502,54 +516,126 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_gantt \
   bin/verilator_includer \
   bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-  docs/guide/conf.py \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
-  src/astgen \
-  src/bisonpre \
-  src/config_rev \
-  src/flexfix \
-  src/vlcovgen \
-  src/.gdbinit.py \
-  test_regress/*.py \
-  test_regress/t/*.pf \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
   nodist/clang_check_attributes \
   nodist/dot_importer \
   nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
   nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
   nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
   nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_bisect \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
+  src/astgen \
+  src/bisonpre \
+  src/config_rev \
+  src/flexfix \
+  src/vlcovgen \
+  test_regress/*.py \
+  test_regress/t/*.pf \
+  test_regress/t/randomize_solver_tamper.py \
 
 # Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
   $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
+  ci/*.py \
   test_regress/t/*.py \
 
 # Python files, test_regress tests
 PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py
 
-YAPF = yapf3
+# reStructuredText Sphinx files
+RST_FILES = \
+  *.rst \
+  */*.rst \
+  ci/docker/*/*.rst \
+  docs/guide/*.rst \
+
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \
+
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-md format-py format-rst format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
+CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
+CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
+
+format-c clang-format:
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
+
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+
+MBAKE = mbake
+MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/t_*.py
+	-chmod a-x test_regress/t/*.v
+
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
+	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
+
+MDFORMAT = mdformat
+MDFORMAT_FLAGS =
+
+format-md:
+	$(MDFORMAT) --version
+	$(MDFORMAT) $(MDFORMAT_FLAGS) $(MD_FILES)
+
+YAPF = yapf
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
 	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
-GERSEMI = gersemi
-GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+DOCSTRFMT = docstrfmt
+DOCSTRFMT_FLAGS = --line-length 75 --indent-width 3 --keep-blanks --ordered-marker "\#" --preserve-adornments --no-center-section-titles
 
-format-cmake:
-	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+format-rst:
+	$(DOCSTRFMT) --version
+	$(DOCSTRFMT) $(DOCSTRFMT_FLAGS) $(RST_FILES)
 
-MBAKE = mbake
-MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
 
-format-make:
-	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
 
-format-yaml: yamlfix
+######################################################################
+# Lint
 
 MYPY = mypy
 MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
@@ -583,9 +669,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure
 
@@ -616,22 +699,30 @@ COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
 ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
 
 # Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
-COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE) 2>/dev/null))
+ifneq ($(COVERAGE_BASE),)
+ ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+  $(error COVERAGE_BASE='$(COVERAGE_BASE)' is not a valid git revision)
+ endif
+endif
 COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
 
 # 'fastcov' setup
 FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
 FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --gcov $(GCOV)
 FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
 FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
 FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
 FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
 # Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
 FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
-FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/include/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/lib*/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/share/*'
 FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
-FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/fstcpp/*'
 FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
 FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
 FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
@@ -670,6 +761,7 @@ GENHTML_OPT += --missed
 GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
 GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
 GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors inconsistent
 ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
 GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
 else
@@ -701,7 +793,7 @@ $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
 	@echo "####################################################################"
 	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
 	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
-	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
 	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
 
 # Build coverage report
@@ -710,7 +802,7 @@ $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_
 	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
 	@echo "####################################################################"
 	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
-	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
 	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
 	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
 	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
@@ -781,7 +873,7 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -806,3 +898,21 @@ preexist:
 
 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies, with explicit retry
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt || \
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"

README.rst

@@ -1,89 +1,99 @@
-.. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
-.. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
+..
+   Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
+   Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|
+|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5|
+
+|badge7| |badge8|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
-.. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
-.. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
-.. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
-.. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
-.. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
-.. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
-    :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 
+.. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+
+.. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+
+.. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+
+.. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
+
+.. |badge7| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/build-test.yml?branch=master&label=regressions
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions/workflows/build-test.yml
+
+.. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
 
 Welcome to Verilator
 ====================
 
 .. list-table::
 
-   * - **Welcome to Verilator, the fastest Verilog/SystemVerilog simulator.**
-        * Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
-        * Performs lint code-quality checks
-        * Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
-        * Creates XML to front-end your own tools
+   - - **Welcome to Verilator, the fastest Verilog/SystemVerilog simulator.**
+          - Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
+          - Performs lint code-quality checks
+          - Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
+          - Creates JSON to front-end your own tools
      - |Logo|
-   * - |verilator multithreaded performance|
+   - - |verilator multithreaded performance|
      - **Fast**
-        * Outperforms many closed-source commercial simulators
-        * Single- and multithreaded output models
-   * - **Widely Used**
-        * Wide industry and academic deployment
-        * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
-        * Over 700 contributors
+          - Outperforms many closed-source commercial simulators
+          - Single- and multithreaded output models
+   - - **Widely Used**
+          - Wide industry and academic deployment
+          - Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+          - Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
-   * - |verilator community|
+   - - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
-        * Guided by the `CHIPS Alliance`_ and `Linux Foundation`_
-        * Open, and free as in both speech and beer
-        * More simulation for your verification budget
-   * - **Commercial Support Available**
-        * Commercial support contracts
-        * Design support contracts
-        * Enhancement contracts
+          - Guided by the `CHIPS Alliance`_ and `Linux Foundation`_
+          - Open, and free as in both speech and beer
+          - More simulation for your verification budget
+   - - **Commercial Support Available**
+          - Commercial support contracts
+          - Design support contracts
+          - Enhancement contracts
      - |verilator support|
 
-
 What Verilator Does
 ===================
 
-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
 files, the "Verilated" code.
 
-These Verilated C++/SystemC files are then compiled by a C++ compiler
-(gcc/clang/MSVC++), optionally along with a user's own C++/SystemC wrapper
-file, to instantiate the Verilated model. Executing the resulting
-executable performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking
-Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
-
-Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
-replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
-mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
-designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
+Verilator can automatically generate a simulator executable (using
+``--binary``), or users can write their own C++/SystemC wrapper to
+instantiate the model. The resulting Verilated executable performs the
+design simulation. Verilator also supports linking Verilator-generated
+libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
 
+Verilator supports all design constructs, most verification constructs,
+intra-assignment delays (e.g, `#10`), and events. Tristate-bus (`z`) and
+unknowns (`x`) are handled in limited contexts, in a special manor for
+performance. It currently may not be the best choice if you are expecting a
+full-featured replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, performing
+SDF annotation, or mixed-signal simulation. However, if you are looking for
+a path to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed
+simulation, Verilator is the tool for you.
 
 Performance
 ===========
 
-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).
 
 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -92,7 +102,6 @@ Mentor ModelSim/Questa, Synopsys VCS, VTOC, and Pragmatic CVer/CVC). But,
 Verilator is open-sourced, so you can spend on computes rather than
 licenses. Thus, Verilator gives you the best simulation cycles/dollar.
 
-
 Installation & Documentation
 ============================
 
@@ -101,8 +110,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -111,7 +120,6 @@ For more information:
 
 - `Verilator issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_
 
-
 Support
 =======
 
@@ -128,10 +136,13 @@ Verilator also supports and encourages commercial support models and
 organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
 <https://verilator.org/verilator_commercial_support>`_.
 
-
 Related Projects
 ================
 
+- `Cocotb <https://www.cocotb.org/>`_ - A coroutine-based cosimulation
+  library for writing testbenches in Python which officially supports
+  Verilator.
+
 - `GTKwave <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
   Verilator traces.
 
@@ -141,22 +152,28 @@ Related Projects
 - `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
   for Verilator traces.
 
-
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.
 
-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
+
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
+
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png
+
 .. |verilator community| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_community_400x125-min.png
+
 .. |verilator support| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_support_400x125-min.png

REUSE.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator default licensing for "reuse lint"
+
+version = 1
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "**/.clang-format",
+    "**/.gitattributes",
+    "**/.gitignore",
+    ".clang-tidy",
+    ".codacy.yml",
+    ".devcontainer/devcontainer.json",
+    ".github/**",
+    ".pre-commit-hooks.yaml",
+    ".style.yapf",
+    "CITATION.cff",
+    "CPPLINT.cfg",
+    "ci/docker/buildenv/wavetools.conf",
+    "docs/CONTRIBUTORS",
+    "docs/spelling.txt",
+    "docs/verilated.dox",
+    "examples/**/*.vc",
+    "install-sh",
+    "test_regress/.gdbinit",
+    "test_regress/input.vc",
+    "test_regress/input.xsim.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/*.dat",
+    "test_regress/t/*.gprof",
+    "test_regress/t/*.mem",
+    "test_regress/t/*.out",
+    "test_regress/t/*.tree",
+    "test_regress/t/*.vc",
+    "test_regress/t/t_lint_bsspace_bad.v",
+    "verilator.pc.in",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = [
+    "docs/_static/**",
+    "docs/gen/*.rst",
+    "docs/guide/figures/**",
+]
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2003-2026 Wilson Snyder"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "test_regress/t/uvm/**"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = [
+    "2010-2017 Mentor Graphics Corporation",
+    "2010-2013 Synopsys, Inc.",
+    "2010-2018 Cadence Design Systems, Inc.",
+    "2013 NVIDIA Corporation",
+]
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "Apache-2.0"
+
+[[annotations]]
+path = "include/gtkwave/lz4.*"
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "2011-2023 Yann Collet"
+SPDX-License-Identifier = "BSD-2-Clause"

bin/redirect

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################

bin/verilator

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################
@@ -27,6 +27,21 @@ use vars qw($Debug @Opt_Verilator_Sw);
 autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
+# Guard against unbounded recursive re-entry. Hierarchical / --build flows
+# legitimately re-enter the wrapper a few levels deep (wrapper -> verilator_bin
+# -> make -> wrapper -> ...); a misconfigured VERILATOR_BIN, VERILATOR_GDB or
+# VERILATOR_VALGRIND that points back at this wrapper, however, recurses
+# without bound and exhausts the OS PID table. Use VERILATOR_RUNNING as a
+# depth counter and cap it well above any real nesting.
+my $verilator_running_max = 16;
+my $verilator_running_depth = ($ENV{VERILATOR_RUNNING} || 0) + 1;
+if ($verilator_running_depth > $verilator_running_max) {
+    die "%Error: verilator: re-entered $verilator_running_depth levels deep"
+        . " via \$VERILATOR_RUNNING; check that VERILATOR_BIN, VERILATOR_GDB"
+        . " and VERILATOR_VALGRIND do not resolve back to this wrapper script.\n";
+}
+$ENV{VERILATOR_RUNNING} = $verilator_running_depth;
+
 $Debug = 0;
 my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
@@ -42,6 +57,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }
 
 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");
 
 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -85,9 +101,15 @@ if (defined $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT}) {
     $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} = $verilator_root;
 }
 
-if ($opt_gdbbt && !gdb_works()) {
-    warn "-Info: --gdbbt ignored: gdb doesn't seem to be working\n" if $Debug;
-    $opt_gdbbt = 0;
+my $lldb_selected = 0;
+if (($opt_gdb || $opt_gdbbt) && !gdb_works()) {
+    if (lldb_works()) {
+        $lldb_selected = 1;
+    } else {
+        warn "-Info: --gdb or --gdbbt ignored: gdb doesn't seem to be working\n" if $Debug;
+        $opt_gdbbt = 0;
+        $opt_gdb = 0;
+    }
 }
 
 # Determine runtime flags and run
@@ -97,22 +119,35 @@ if ($opt_gdbbt && !gdb_works()) {
 # then see exactly the contents of @Opt_Verilator_Sw.
 my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
-    # Generic GDB interactive
-    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr(0)
-         . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
-         . " " . verilator_bin()
-         # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
-         #  ." -ex 'break main'"
-
-         # Note, we must use double-quotes ("run <switches>")
-         # and not single ('run <switches>') below. Bash swallows
-         # escapes as you would expect in a double-quoted string.
-         # That's not true for a single-quoted string, where \'
-         # actually terminates the string -- not what we want!
-         . " -ex \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw) . "\""
-         . " -ex 'set width 0'"
-         . " -ex 'bt'");
+    # Note, we must use double-quotes ("run <switches>")
+    # and not single ('run <switches>') below. Bash swallows
+    # escapes as you would expect in a double-quoted string.
+    # That's not true for a single-quoted string, where \'
+    # actually terminates the string -- not what we want!
+    if ($lldb_selected) {
+        # Generic lldb interactive
+        run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
+             . aslr(0)
+             . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "lldb")
+             . " " . verilator_bin()
+             # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
+             #  . " -o 'b main'"
+             . " -o 'b exit'"  # Need break to keep process active for bt
+             . " -o \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw) . "\""
+             . " -o 'settings set term-width 1024'"
+             . " -o 'bt'");
+    } else {
+        # Generic GDB interactive
+        run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
+             . aslr(0)
+             . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
+             . " " . verilator_bin()
+             # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
+             #  . " -ex 'break main'"
+             . " -ex \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw) . "\""
+             . " -ex 'set width 0'"
+             . " -ex 'bt'");
+    }
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
@@ -120,15 +155,27 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
-    # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
-    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr(0)
-         . "gdb"
-         . " " . verilator_bin()
-         . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
-         . " -ex \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw)."\""
-         . " -ex 'set width 0'"
-         . " -ex 'bt' -ex 'quit'");
+    # Run under debugger to get gdbbt
+    if ($lldb_selected) {
+        run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
+             . aslr(0)
+             . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "lldb")
+             . " " . verilator_bin()
+             . " -o 'b exit'"  # Need break to keep process active for bt
+             . " --batch --source-quietly"
+             . " -o \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw)."\""
+             . " -o 'settings set term-width 1024'"
+             . " -o 'bt' -o 'quit'");
+    } else {
+        run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
+             . aslr(0)
+             . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
+             . " " . verilator_bin()
+             . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
+             . " -ex \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw)."\""
+             . " -ex 'set width 0'"
+             . " -ex 'bt' -ex 'quit'");
+    }
 } elsif ($opt_valgrind) {
     # Run under valgrind
     my $valgrind_bin = ($ENV{VERILATOR_VALGRIND} || "valgrind --error-exitcode=1 --max-stackframe=2815880"
@@ -148,7 +195,7 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
-    # Normal, non gdb
+    # Normal, non-gdb
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
@@ -184,9 +231,9 @@ sub verilator_bin {
 
 sub gdb_works {
     $! = undef;  # Cleanup -x
-    system("gdb /bin/echo"
+    system("gdb /bin/sh"
            . " --batch-silent --quiet --return-child-result"
-           . " -ex 'run -n'"  # `echo -n`
+           . " -ex 'run -c exit'"  # `/bin/sh -c exit
            . " -ex 'set width 0'"
            . " -ex 'bt'"
            . " -ex 'quit'");
@@ -194,6 +241,18 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
+sub lldb_works {
+    $! = undef;  # Cleanup -x
+    # macOS system integrity stops attach to system binaries like /bin/sh
+    system("lldb --version"
+           . " --batch --source-quietly"
+           . " -o 'settings set term-width 1024'"
+           . " -o 'bt'"
+           . " -o 'quit'");
+    my $status = $?;
+    return $status == 0;
+}
+
 sub aslr {
     my $want_on = shift;
     $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
@@ -212,14 +271,22 @@ sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
     if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
         # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
-        open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
-        while (<$fh>) {
-            if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
-                $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
-                last;
+        if ($^O eq "darwin") {
+            my $membytes = `sysctl -n hw.memsize`;
+            chomp $membytes;
+            my $ncpu = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`;
+            chomp $ncpu;
+            $limit = int(int($membytes / 1024) / $ncpu / 8);
+        } else {
+            open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+            while (<$fh>) {
+                if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                    $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                    last;
+                }
             }
+            close($fh);
         }
-        close($fh);
     }
     system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
@@ -333,6 +400,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
     --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
     --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
+    --assert-unroll-limit <iter> Max SVA assertion repetition before erroring
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
     --bbox-sys                  Blackbox unknown $system calls
     --bbox-unsup                Blackbox unsupported language features
@@ -344,12 +412,15 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
+    --constraint-array-limit <size>   Maximum array size for constraint array reduction
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
     --coverage                  Enable all coverage
     --coverage-expr             Enable expression coverage
     --coverage-expr-max <value>     Maximum permutations allowed for an expression
+    --coverage-fsm              Enable FSM state/arc coverage
     --coverage-line             Enable line coverage
     --coverage-max-width <width>   Maximum array depth for coverage
+    --coverage-per-instance     Enable per-instance coverage counters
     --coverage-toggle           Enable toggle coverage
     --coverage-underscore       Enable coverage of _signals
     --coverage-user             Enable SVL user coverage
@@ -367,8 +438,10 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --diagnostics-sarif-output <filename>  Set SARIF diagnostics output file
     --dpi-hdr-only              Only produce the DPI header file
     --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
+    --dump-ast-patterns         Enable dumping Ast pattern statistics
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
+    --dump-dfg-patterns         Enable dumping Dfg pattern statistics
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
     --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
@@ -389,6 +462,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -f <file>                  Parse arguments from a file
      -FI <file>                 Force include of a file
     --flatten                   Force inlining of all modules, tasks and functions
+    --fourstate                 Enable fourstate logic
+    --no-fourstate              Disable fourstate logic
+    --func-recursion-depth <value>  Maximum recursive constant function depth
     --future0 <option>          Ignore an option for compatibility
     --future1 <option>          Ignore an option with argument for compatibility
      -fno-<optimization>        Disable internal optimization stage
@@ -408,6 +484,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
      +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
@@ -419,6 +497,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
      +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
@@ -473,15 +552,18 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
     --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
     --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
     --reloop-limit <value>      Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --replication-limit <value> Replication concatenation limit (default: 8k)
     --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
     --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
     --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
     --savable                   Enable model save-restore
     --sc                        Create SystemC output
+    --sched-zero-delay          Specify #0 delay support
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     --stats                     Create statistics file
     --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
@@ -489,7 +571,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-std-package            Prevent parsing standard package
     --no-std-waiver             Prevent parsing standard lint waivers
     --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
-    --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
      -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
      +systemverilogext+<ext>    Synonym for +1800-2023ext+<ext>
     --threads <threads>         Enable multithreading
@@ -510,13 +591,13 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --trace-params              Enable tracing of parameters
     --trace-saif                Enable SAIF file creation
     --trace-structs             Enable tracing structure names
-    --trace-threads <threads>   Enable FST waveform creation on separate threads
     --no-trace-top              Do not emit traces for signals in the top module generated by verilator
     --trace-underscore          Enable tracing of _signals
     --trace-vcd                 Enable VCD waveform creation
      -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
     --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
     --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
     --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
     --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
      -V                         Verbose version and config
@@ -546,8 +627,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
-    --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
-    --xml-output                XML output filename
      -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules
 
 This is a short summary of the simulation runtime arguments, i.e. for the
@@ -557,11 +636,13 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 =for VL_SPHINX_EXTRACT "_build/gen/args_verilated.rst"
 
+     +verilator+assert+lock                Lock assertion status changes at startup
      +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
      +verilator+debug                      Enable debugging
      +verilator+debugi+<value>             Enable debugging at a level
      +verilator+error+limit+<value>        Set error limit
      +verilator+help                       Show help
+     +verilator+log+file+<filename>        Log stdout and stderr output to filename
      +verilator+noassert                   Disable assert checking
      +verilator+prof+exec+file+<filename>  Set execution profile filename
      +verilator+prof+exec+start+<value>    Set execution profile starting point
@@ -570,15 +651,18 @@ description of these arguments.
      +verilator+quiet                      Minimize additional printing
      +verilator+rand+reset+<value>         Set random reset technique
      +verilator+seed+<value>               Set random seed
+     +verilator+solver+file+<filename>     Set random solver log filename
      +verilator+V                          Show verbose version and config
      +verilator+version                    Show version and exit
+     +verilator+vpi+<library>[:<bootstrap>]  Load VPI shared library
+     +verilator+wno+unsatconstr+<value>    Disable constraint warnings
 
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -17,18 +17,15 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -58,34 +55,35 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
 
-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 #
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ if (! GetOptions (
     pod2usage(-exitstatus => 2, -verbose => 0);
 }
 
-# Normal, non gdb
+# Normal, non-gdb
 run(verilator_coverage_bin()
     . " " . join(' ', @Opt_Verilator_Sw));
 
@@ -157,6 +157,10 @@ verilator_coverage - Verilator coverage analyzer
 
     verilator_coverage --annotate <obj>
 
+    verilator_coverage --report summary,hier <datafiles>...
+
+    verilator_coverage --report hier <datafiles>...
+
     verilator_coverage  -write merged.dat <datafiles>...
 
     verilator_coverage  -write-info merged.info <datafiles>...
@@ -175,7 +179,10 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
     --annotate-points             Annotates info from each coverage point.
     --filter-type <regex>         Keep only records of given coverage type.
     --help                        Displays this message and version and exits.
+    --include-reset-arcs          Include reset arcs in FSM arc summaries.
+    --levels <depth>              Limit displayed hierarchy report depth.
     --rank                        Compute relative importance of tests.
+    --report <kind>[,<kind>...]   Generate reports: summary, hier, or hierarchy.
     --unlink                      With --write, unlink all inputs
     --version                     Displays program version and exits.
     --write <filename>            Write aggregate coverage results.
@@ -192,11 +199,12 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 =head1 SEE ALSO

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -110,12 +110,13 @@ It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
 directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
 
 Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-lineno',

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -613,12 +613,13 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 # mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
-# of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
-# Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify the
+# Verilator internals under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 #
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ######################################################################
 

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -51,12 +51,17 @@ def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     # Find modules
     verilated_mods = {}
     for func in funcs:
-        match = re.search(r'(.*)::eval(_step)?\(', func)
+        # Match only the model entry points: 'eval', 'eval_step', 'eval_end_step',
+        # and the 'evalXxx' region entry points, but not e.g. a user's '::evaluate'
+        match = re.match(r'([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)::eval(_step|_end_step|[A-Z][A-Za-z_0-9]*)?\(',
+                         func)
         if match:
             prefix = match.group(1)
+            if prefix.startswith('Verilated'):  # Run-time library, not a model
+                continue
             if Args.debug:
                 print("-got _eval %s   prefix=%s" % (func, prefix))
-            verilated_mods[prefix] = re.compile(r'^' + prefix)
+            verilated_mods[prefix] = re.compile(r'^' + re.escape(prefix))
     # pprint(verilated_mods)
 
     # Sort by Verilog name
@@ -173,12 +178,13 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('filename', help='input gprof output to process')

ci/ci-build.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI build job script
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+################################################################################
+# Executed in the 'build' stage.
+################################################################################
+
+# Destructive to the checkout (reconfigures and rebuilds); never run locally
+if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0") must only be run in GitHub Actions CI" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set -e
+set -x
+
+source "$(dirname "$0")/ci-common.bash"
+
+################################################################################
+# Parse arguments
+
+OPT_ASAN=0
+OPT_CCWARN=0
+OPT_GCOV=0
+OPT_LIGHT_DEBUG=0
+OPT_COMPILER=
+OPT_PREFIX=
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --asan) OPT_ASAN=1 ;;
+    --ccwarn) OPT_CCWARN=1 ;;
+    --compiler)
+      [ $# -ge 2 ] || fatal "--compiler requires an argument"
+      OPT_COMPILER="$2"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    --gcov) OPT_GCOV=1 ;;
+    --light-debug) OPT_LIGHT_DEBUG=1 ;;
+    --prefix)
+      [ $# -ge 2 ] || fatal "--prefix requires an argument"
+      OPT_PREFIX="$2"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    *) fatal "Unknown option: '$1'" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+[ -n "$OPT_COMPILER" ] || fatal "--compiler is required"
+[ -n "$OPT_PREFIX" ] || fatal "--prefix is required"
+
+# Map the compiler name to the executable name configure CXX expects
+case "$OPT_COMPILER" in
+  clang) CXX=clang++ ;;
+  gcc) CXX=g++ ;;
+  *) fatal "Unknown compiler: '$OPT_COMPILER'" ;;
+esac
+
+################################################################################
+# Configure
+
+CONFIGURE_ARGS="--prefix=$OPT_PREFIX --enable-longtests"
+if [ "$OPT_CCWARN" = 1 ]; then
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-ccwarn"
+fi
+if [ "$OPT_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+  CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  # Replaces VNUser's union with a std::variant to validate type usage.
+  # Only takes effect when the build is C++17 or newer.
+  CXX="$CXX -DVL_USER_TYPE_CHECKS"
+fi
+if [ "$OPT_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+fi
+if [ "$OPT_LIGHT_DEBUG" = 1 ]; then
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-light-debug"
+fi
+autoconf
+./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS CXX="$CXX"
+
+################################################################################
+# Build
+
+ccache -z
+BUILD_START=$SECONDS
+"$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+ccache -svv
+ccache --evict-older-than "$((SECONDS - BUILD_START + 60))s"
+ccache -svv

ci/ci-common.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI common definitions, sourced by the stage scripts
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+################################################################################
+# Common definitions sourced by the CI stage scripts; not executed directly.
+################################################################################
+
+fatal() {
+  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0"): $1" >&2; exit 1;
+}
+
+case "$(uname -s)" in
+  Linux)
+    HOST_OS=linux
+    MAKE=make
+    NPROC=$(nproc)
+    # Distro id/version; subshell keeps os-release out of our namespace
+    if [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
+      DISTRO_ID=$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID")
+      DISTRO_VERSION=$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$VERSION_ID")
+    fi
+    ;;
+  Darwin)
+    HOST_OS=macOS
+    MAKE=make
+    NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+    ;;
+  *)
+    fatal "Unknown host OS: '$(uname -s)'"
+    ;;
+esac
+
+export MAKE

ci/ci-coverage-report.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'coverage.yml' results
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This script combines the code coverage data gathered by the test jobs into
+# the HTML report published on GitHub Pages, and for a pull request, builds the
+# content of the response comment posted on it.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+set -eo pipefail
+
+# Trace when running in the CI
+[ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ] || set -x
+
+# Arguments:
+#  1. run ID
+#  2. number of the pull request, or empty for a non-pull-request run
+#  3. base SHA of the pull request (pull requests only)
+#  4. head SHA of the pull request (pull requests only)
+RUN_ID=$1
+PR_NUMBER=$2
+PR_BASE_SHA=$3
+PR_HEAD_SHA=$4
+
+# Coverage data and report directory, uploaded as the 'coverage-report' artifact
+COVERAGE_DIR=obj_coverage
+ls -lsha ${COVERAGE_DIR}
+
+# Combine the reports from the test jobs
+nodist/fastcov.py -C ${COVERAGE_DIR}/verilator-*.info --lcov -o ${COVERAGE_DIR}/verilator.info
+
+# Create the report. For a pull request, report patch coverage against the
+# merge-base between the head of the pull request and the target branch. The
+# summary quoted in the notification below is only in the log of 'make'.
+MAKE_LOG=make-coverage-report.log
+if [ -n "${PR_NUMBER}" ]; then
+  COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${PR_BASE_SHA} ${PR_HEAD_SHA}))
+  make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${MAKE_LOG}
+else
+  make coverage-report
+fi
+
+# Remove the data files, only the HTML report is published
+rm -f ${COVERAGE_DIR}/verilator*.info
+
+# The rest is for pull requests only
+if [ -z "${PR_NUMBER}" ]; then
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# Get some metadata about the run
+RUN_NUM=$(gh run view ${RUN_ID} --json number --jq ".number")
+RUN_URL=$(gh run view ${RUN_ID} --json url    --jq ".url")
+
+# Repository owner and name of the default repository, used to build the
+# GitHub Pages URL of the report. The owner is lowercased, as required for the
+# '<owner>.github.io' Pages domain.
+PAGES_OWNER=$(gh repo view --json owner --jq '.owner.login' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+PAGES_NAME=$(gh repo view --json name --jq '.name')
+
+REPORT_URL=https://${PAGES_OWNER}.github.io/${PAGES_NAME}/coverage-reports/${RUN_ID}/index.html
+
+###############################################################################
+# Create the PR notification
+###############################################################################
+
+NOTIFICATION_DIR=notification
+mkdir -p ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}
+
+cat > ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/body.txt <<NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE
+Patch coverage from PR workflow [#${RUN_NUM}](${RUN_URL}) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):
+NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE
+
+if [ -f ${COVERAGE_DIR}/empty-patch ]; then
+  # Patch is empty
+  cat >> ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/body.txt <<SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+Patch contains no code changes
+SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+
+  echo "Workflow [#${RUN_NUM}](${RUN_URL}): patch contains no code changes" > ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/hist.txt
+
+else
+  # Patch contains code changes
+
+  cat >> ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/body.txt <<SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+<pre>
+$(grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${MAKE_LOG} | sed "s/\.*:/:/" || true)
+</pre>
+Report: [${RUN_ID}](${REPORT_URL})
+
+Please get to 100% line coverage, and understand all branches; see the [developer docs](https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst#code-coverage-results)
+SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+
+  echo "Workflow [#${RUN_NUM}](${RUN_URL}) report: [${RUN_ID}](${REPORT_URL})" > ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/hist.txt
+fi

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI dependency install script
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -14,115 +10,211 @@
 # required by the particular build stage.
 ################################################################################
 
+# Installs system packages with sudo; never run locally
+if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0") must only be run in GitHub Actions CI" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 set -e
 set -x
 
 cd $(dirname "$0")/..
 
-# Avoid occasional cpan failures "Issued certificate has expired."
-export PERL_LWP_SSL_VERIFY_HOSTNAME=0
-echo "check_certificate = off" >> ~/.wgetrc
+source "$(dirname "$0")/ci-common.bash"
 
-fatal() {
-  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0"): $1" >&2; exit 1;
-}
+################################################################################
+# Parse arguments
 
-if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
-  MAKE=make
-elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-  MAKE=make
-elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
-  MAKE=gmake
-else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+# Which stage to install dependencies for
+STAGE="$1"
+
+################################################################################
+# Install dependencies
+
+if [ "$HOST_OS" = "macOS" ]; then
+  # The macos runner image ships an untrusted third-party tap we don't use;
+  # untap it so brew stops emitting a tap-trust warning. Force + '|| true' since
+  # untap fails if a formula was installed from it, which is harmless here.
+  brew untap --force aws/tap || true
 fi
 
-if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
-  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
-  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
-fi
-
-install-vcddiff() {
-  TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
-  git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
-  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout dca845020668887fd13498c772939814d9264fd5
-  "$MAKE" -C "${TMP_DIR}"
-  sudo cp "${TMP_DIR}/vcddiff" /usr/local/bin
+# Run 'sudo apt-get', with timeout, retrying if failed
+apt-get-retry() {
+  local _attempt
+  for _attempt in 1 2 3; do
+    [ "$_attempt" -eq 1 ] || sleep $((15 * _attempt))
+    sudo timeout --kill-after=30s 5m env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+      apt-get -o DPkg::Lock::Timeout=60 "$@" && return 0
+  done
+  fatal "'apt-get $*' failed on all attempts"
 }
 
-if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
+# Run 'brew', retrying if failed
+brew-retry() {
+  local _attempt
+  for _attempt in 1 2 3; do
+    [ "$_attempt" -eq 1 ] || sleep $((15 * _attempt))
+    brew "$@" && return 0
+  done
+  fatal "'brew $*' failed on all attempts"
+}
+
+install-wavediff() {
+  source ci/docker/buildenv/wavetools.conf
+  local _base_url="https://github.com/hudson-trading/wavetools/releases/download/${WAVETOOLS_VERSION}"
+  local _platform
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ]; then
+    _platform="linux-x86_64"
+  elif [ "$HOST_OS" = "macOS" ]; then
+    _platform="macos-arm64"
+  else
+    echo "WARNING: No wavetools binary available for HOST_OS=$HOST_OS, skipping"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  local _tmpdir
+  _tmpdir=$(mktemp -d)
+  local _archive="wavetools-${WAVETOOLS_VERSION}-${_platform}"
+  wget -q -O "${_tmpdir}/${_archive}.tar.gz" "${_base_url}/${_archive}.tar.gz"
+  tar -xzf "${_tmpdir}/${_archive}.tar.gz" -C "${_tmpdir}"
+  sudo cp "${_tmpdir}/${_archive}/wavediff" /usr/local/bin/wavediff
+  rm -rf "${_tmpdir}"
+}
+
+if [ "$STAGE" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Dependencies of jobs in the 'build' stage, i.e.: packages required to
   # build Verilator
 
-  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
-    sudo apt-get update ||
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
-    sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev
-    if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
-      # Some conflict of libunwind verison on 22.04, can live without it for now
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ]; then
+    if [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+      PACKAGES=(
+        bear
+        ccache
+        help2man
+        libfl-dev
+        libsystemc-dev
+        mold
+      )
+      # libunwind conflict on 22.04, can live without libjemalloc there
+      if [ "$DISTRO_VERSION" != "22.04" ]; then
+        PACKAGES+=(libjemalloc-dev)
+      fi
+      apt-get-retry update
+      apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
     fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
-    fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install bear mold
-    fi
-  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-    brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
-  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
-    sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
+  elif [ "$HOST_OS" = "macOS" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      autoconf
+      bison
+      ccache
+      flex
+      gperftools
+      help2man
+      perl
+    )
+    brew-retry update
+    brew-retry install "${PACKAGES[@]}"
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown HOST_OS: '$HOST_OS'"
   fi
-
-  if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
-  fi
-elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
+elif [ "$STAGE" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Dependencies of jobs in the 'test' stage, i.e.: packages required to
   # run the tests
 
-  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
-    sudo apt-get update ||
-    sudo apt-get update
-    # libfl-dev needed for internal coverage's test runs
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
-    sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
-    # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
-      sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ]; then
+    if [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+      PACKAGES=(
+        ccache
+        gdb
+        jq
+        lcov
+        libfl-dev
+        libsystemc-dev
+        mold
+        python3-clang
+        z3
+      )
+      apt-get-retry update
+      apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
     fi
-    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
-      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
-    fi
-  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-    brew update
-    # brew cask install gtkwave # fst2vcd hangs at launch, so don't bother
-    brew install ccache perl jq z3
-  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
-    # fst2vcd fails with "Could not open '<input file>', exiting."
-    sudo pkg install -y ccache gmake perl5 python3 jq z3
+  elif [ "$HOST_OS" = "macOS" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      ccache
+      jq
+      perl
+      z3
+    )
+    brew-retry update
+    brew-retry install "${PACKAGES[@]}"
   else
-    fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
+    fatal "Unknown HOST_OS: '$HOST_OS'"
   fi
   # Common installs
-  install-vcddiff
+  install-wavediff
   # Workaround -fsanitize=address crash
   sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
+elif [ "$STAGE" = "lint-py" ]; then
+  ##############################################################################
+  # Dependencies for nodist/clang_check_attributes
+
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ] && [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      python3-clang  # Not run, but importers are linted
+    )
+    apt-get-retry update
+    apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
+  fi
+elif [ "$STAGE" = "format" ]; then
+  ##############################################################################
+  # Dependencies of 'make format'
+
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ] && [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      clang-format-18  # Version pinned, so all of CI formats alike
+    )
+    apt-get-retry update
+    apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
+  fi
+elif [ "$STAGE" = "coverage" ]; then
+  ##############################################################################
+  # Dependencies of the coverage report job, which only collates what the
+  # 'test' stage jobs measured
+
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ] && [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      lcov
+    )
+    apt-get-retry update
+    apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
+  fi
+elif [ "$STAGE" = "rtlmeter-run" ]; then
+  ##############################################################################
+  # Dependencies of the RTLMeter jobs, which compile and run designs with an
+  # already built Verilator, so they need its runtime prerequisites only
+
+  if [ "$HOST_OS" = "linux" ] && [ "$DISTRO_ID" = "ubuntu" ]; then
+    PACKAGES=(
+      ccache
+      libfl-dev
+      libjemalloc-dev
+      libsystemc-dev
+      mold
+    )
+    apt-get-retry update
+    apt-get-retry install --yes "${PACKAGES[@]}"
+  fi
 else
   ##############################################################################
   # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
+  fatal "Unknown stage '$STAGE'"
 fi
+
+# Report where the tools we may have installed live (ok if some are missing)
+set +x
+echo "Tools:"
+for bin in autoconf bear bison ccache flex gdb help2man jq lcov mold perl wavediff z3; do
+  echo -n "  $bin: "
+  which "$bin" || echo "Not found"
+done

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -1,46 +1,167 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
 #
-# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+# Notify PRs via comment that their workflow reports are available
 
-# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
-readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+# Note this deliberately does not 'set -e'. A run that cannot be notified, say
+# because its pull request was locked, must not hold up the notification of all
+# the others, so each failure below moves on to the next run instead. Its
+# artifact is then left in place, so it is retried on the next run of 'pages.yml'.
+
+# The account we post as, which is how we tell our own earlier notifications
+# from anybody else's comments. 'pages.yml' sets this to the slug of the app the
+# token belongs to. Set it to your own login when running this by hand. The 'jq'
+# filter below picks it up from the environment.
+if [ -z "${GH_AUTHOR:-}" ]; then
+  echo "GH_AUTHOR must hold the account we post as" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+echo "Posting as '${GH_AUTHOR}'"
+
+# Marker line separating the report from the history of the older reports
+readonly HISTORY_MARKER='<!-- Verilator CI notification history -->'
+# Opening line of the HTML comment stashing the history entry of the report
+# itself. It is not shown in its own history, only inherited by the ones
+# superseding it, hence it is kept out of sight until then.
+readonly NEXTHIST_MARKER='<!-- Verilator CI notification entry'
 
 # Create artifacts root directory
 ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
 mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
 
-for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
-  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
-
+for RUN_ID in ${PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
   # Create workflow artifacts directory
   ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
   mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
 
   # Download artifact of this run, if exists
-  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
-  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} &> /dev/null || true
 
   # Move on if no notification is required
   if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
-    echo "No notification found"
     continue
   fi
-  echo "Posting notification found"
 
-  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
-  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  PR_NUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+  echo "@@@ Run ${RUN_ID}: notifying PR #${PR_NUMBER}"
 
-  # Get the artifact ID
-  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+  # Everything below is created and validated by the 'upload-pr-notification'
+  # action. Move on if this artifact was not made by it, e.g. it is left over
+  # from an earlier version of the CI, so it does not hold up the other runs.
+  for f in body.txt key.txt hist.txt; do
+    if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${f} ]; then
+      echo "Notification has no '${f}'" >&2
+      continue 2  # Note: continues the enclosing 'RUN_ID' loop
+    fi
+  done
 
-  # Delete it, so we only notify once
-  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+  # 'key.txt' holds the key naming the source of the notification. It goes on the
+  # first line of the comment as an HTML comment, so it is invisible when
+  # rendered, and is used below to find the stale notifications with the same
+  # key, which are then superseded by the new one and deleted.
+  COMMENT_MARKER="<!-- Verilator CI notification: $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/key.txt) -->"
+
+  # Find the stale notifications from the same source on this PR. That is, our
+  # own comments with the same marker on their first line. Oldest first, as
+  # returned by the API. An app posts as '<slug>[bot]', so drop that suffix to
+  # compare against the slug. Move on if they cannot be listed, as without them
+  # we would post a duplicate instead of superseding them.
+  if ! COMMENT_MARKER="${COMMENT_MARKER}" \
+      gh api --paginate "repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/comments" \
+        --jq '.[]
+              | select((.user.login | rtrimstr("[bot]")) == env.GH_AUTHOR)
+              | select((.body | split("\n") | .[0] | rtrimstr("\r")) == env.COMMENT_MARKER)
+              | {id, body}' > ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale.json; then
+    echo "Failed to list the comments of PR #${PR_NUMBER}" >&2
+    continue
+  fi
+
+  # Inherit the history of the newest stale notification. There should only ever
+  # be one, and it holds the whole history anyway, as each notification inherits
+  # the history of the one it superseded. Any older ones are only deleted below.
+  STALE_COUNT=$(wc -l < ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale.json)
+  if [ ${STALE_COUNT} -gt 1 ]; then
+    echo "Found ${STALE_COUNT} stale notifications, only the newest is inherited from"
+  fi
+
+  HISTORY=${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/history.txt
+  touch ${HISTORY}
+  if [ ${STALE_COUNT} -gt 0 ]; then
+    tail -n 1 ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale.json | jq -r '.body' | tr -d '\r' > ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale-body.txt
+    # Its own entry, stashed in an HTML comment
+    awk -v marker="${NEXTHIST_MARKER}" '
+      $0 == marker { inside = 1; next }
+      !inside { next }
+      $0 == "-->" { exit }
+      NF { print }
+    ' ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale-body.txt >> ${HISTORY}
+    # Followed by its history, without the enclosing '<details>' markup
+    awk -v marker="${HISTORY_MARKER}" '
+      $0 == marker { inside = 1; next }
+      !inside { next }
+      $0 == "<details>" || /^<summary>/ { next }
+      $0 == "</details>" { exit }
+      NF { print }
+    ' ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale-body.txt >> ${HISTORY}
+  fi
+
+  # Assemble the comment. Starts with the marker and the report.
+  COMMENT=${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/comment.txt
+  cat > ${COMMENT} <<COMMENT_TEMPLATE
+${COMMENT_MARKER}
+$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt)
+COMMENT_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Then the history inherited from the notifications this one supersedes, so
+  # the older reports remain reachable from the only remaining comment.
+  if [ -s ${HISTORY} ]; then
+    echo "History holds $(wc -l < ${HISTORY}) entries"
+    cat >> ${COMMENT} <<HISTORY_TEMPLATE
+${HISTORY_MARKER}
+<details>
+<summary>PR history</summary>
+
+$(cat ${HISTORY})
+</details>
+HISTORY_TEMPLATE
+  fi
+
+  # Finally this report's own history entry, stashed out of sight until a later
+  # notification inherits it.
+  cat >> ${COMMENT} <<NEXTHIST_TEMPLATE
+${NEXTHIST_MARKER}
+$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/hist.txt)
+-->
+NEXTHIST_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Post it. Move on if this failed, without deleting anything below, otherwise
+  # the history held by the stale notifications would be lost.
+  if ! jq -Rs '{body: .}' ${COMMENT} \
+      | gh api --method POST "repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/comments" \
+          --input - > ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/posted.json; then
+    echo "Failed to post this notification on PR #${PR_NUMBER}:" >&2
+    cat ${COMMENT} >&2
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posted $(jq -r '.html_url' ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/posted.json)"
+
+  # Delete the stale notifications, so only the new one remains
+  for COMMENT_ID in $(jq -r '.id' ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/stale.json); do
+    echo "Deleting stale comment ${COMMENT_ID}"
+    gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/comments/${COMMENT_ID}"
+  done
+
+  # Get the artifact IDs. Note there can be more than one artifact named
+  # 'pr-notification' for a single run, as the artifacts endpoint lists
+  # artifacts across all run attempts, and a re-run uploads a new one while
+  # keeping the previous attempt's artifact.
+  ARTIFACT_IDS=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete them all, so we only notify once
+  for ARTIFACT_ID in ${ARTIFACT_IDS}; do
+    gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+  done
 done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
 #
-# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Geza Lore
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 # This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
-# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
-# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+# Currently this hosts code coverage reports, and PR RTLMeter detailed reports.
 
 # Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
 # if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
@@ -29,6 +24,9 @@ if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
   GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
 fi
 
+# Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
 # Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
 compile_coverage_reports() {
   # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
@@ -37,16 +35,13 @@ compile_coverage_reports() {
 
   # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
   gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
-  echo @@@ Recent runs:
-  jq "." recentRuns.json
 
   # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
   jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
-  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
-  jq "." completedRuns.json
+  echo "@@@ $(jq length completedRuns.json) of $(jq length recentRuns.json) runs since ${OLDEST} completed with success or failure"
 
   # Create artifacts root directory
-  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts-coverage
   mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
 
   # Create coverage reports root directory
@@ -57,9 +52,6 @@ compile_coverage_reports() {
   local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
   echo > ${CONTENTS}
 
-  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
-  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
-
   # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
   for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
     echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
@@ -69,35 +61,24 @@ compile_coverage_reports() {
 
     # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
     for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
-      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
-
       # Extract the info of this run
       jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
-      jq "." workflow.json
 
       # Record run ID of PR job
-      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
-        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
-          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
-        else
-          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
-        fi
-      fi
+      [[ $EVENT != "pull_request" ]] || PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS $RUN_ID"
 
       # Create workflow artifacts directory
       local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
       mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
 
       # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
-      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
-      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} &> /dev/null || true
 
       # Move on if no coverage report is available
       if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
-        echo "No coverage report found"
         continue
       fi
-      echo "Coverage report found"
+      echo "@@@ Run ${RUN_ID}: coverage report found"
 
       # Emit section header
       if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
@@ -152,7 +133,7 @@ CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
 
   <body>
   $(cat ${CONTENTS})
-  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h4>
   <body>
 
   </html>
@@ -160,12 +141,128 @@ INDEX_TEMPLATE
 
   # Report size
   du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+}
 
-  # Set output
-  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/rtlmeter-reports
+compile_rtlmeter_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all RTLMeter workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w rtlmeter.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo "@@@ $(jq length completedRuns.json) of $(jq length recentRuns.json) runs since ${OLDEST} completed with success or failure"
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts-rtlmeter
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create rtlmeter reports root directory
+  local RTLMETER_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/rtlmeter-reports
+  mkdir -p ${RTLMETER_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      [[ $EVENT != "pull_request" ]] || PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS $RUN_ID"
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name rtlmeter-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} &> /dev/null || true
+
+      # Move on if no RTLMeter report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "@@@ Run ${RUN_ID}: RTLMeter report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        echo "<h4>RTLMeter reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${RTLMETER_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write rtlmeter report index.html
+  cat > ${RTLMETER_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI RTLMeter reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h4>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${RTLMETER_ROOT}/*
 }
 
 # Compilie coverage reports
 compile_coverage_reports;
 
+# Compile RTLMeter reports
+compile_rtlmeter_reports;
+
 # You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Set output to all affected unique PR run IDs (comma separated, no trailing comma)
+IDS=$(echo ${PR_RUN_IDS} | xargs -n1 | sort -u | paste -sd,)
+echo "pr-run-ids=${IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

ci/ci-rtlmeter-cases.py

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: RTLMeter cases to run in the rtlmeter.yml CI workflow
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+###############################################################################
+# Defines the RTLMeter cases to run in CI. This is consumed by the 'start' job
+# in rtlmeter.yml, which captures the printed JSON and feeds it to the run job
+# matrices.
+###############################################################################
+
+import argparse
+import json
+
+# Cases to run for scheduled runs, keyyed by the 'run tag' used in rtlmeter.yml
+# The associated priority is roughly the number of minutes it takes to run the
+# job, the emitted job matrix will try to start longest jobs first.
+
+# Cases to run for non-PR jobs (e.g.: nightly schedule)
+# fmt: off
+CASES = {
+    "gcc": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",                    5),
+        ("BlackParrot:2x2:*",                    14),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",                    25),
+        ("Caliptra:default:*",                   19),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:default:*",         3),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:nodelay:*",         3),
+        ("NVDLA:*",                              29),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",                      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:2x2:*",                      7),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",                      10),
+        ("OpenTitan:*",                          16),
+        ("Servant:qerv:*",                       2),
+        ("Servant:serv:*",                       2),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:default:*",                   6),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:asic:*",                      13),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:default:*",                   6),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:hiperf:*",                    12),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:default:*",                   4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:hiperf:*",                    4),
+        ("Vortex:mini:*",                        3),
+        ("Vortex:sane:*",                        6),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux", 31),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux", 28),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux",    13),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux",    15),
+        ("XuanTie-C906:*",                       5),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",                       9),
+        ("XuanTie-E902:*",                       5),
+        ("XuanTie-E906:*",                       6),
+    ],
+    "clang": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",                    5),
+        ("BlackParrot:2x2:*",                    9),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",                    12),
+        ("Caliptra:default:*",                   16),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:default:*",         10),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:nodelay:*",         10),
+        ("NVDLA:*",                              28),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",                      5),
+        ("OpenPiton:2x2:*",                      6),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",                      8),
+        ("OpenTitan:*",                          10),
+        ("Servant:qerv:phil",                    17),
+        ("Servant:serv:phil",                    15),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:asic:*",                      6),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:default:*",                   8),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:asic:*",                      9),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:default:*",                   8),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:hiperf:*",                    7),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:default:*",                   5),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("Vortex:mini:*",                        3),
+        ("Vortex:sane:*",                        5),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux", 21),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux", 19),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux",    8),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux",    8),
+        ("XuanTie-C906:*",                       3),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",                       7),
+        ("XuanTie-E902:*",                       7),
+        ("XuanTie-E906:*",                       7),
+    ],
+    "gcc-hier": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",    4),
+        ("BlackParrot:2x2:*",    16),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",    25),
+        ("NVDLA:*",              25),
+        ("OpenPiton:16x16:dhry", 16),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:2x2:*",      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:8x8:*",      6),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",       7),
+    ],
+}
+# fmt: on
+
+# Cases to run for PR jobs
+# fmt: off
+CASES_PR = {
+    "gcc": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",                    5),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",                    25),
+        ("Caliptra:default:*",                   19),
+        ("NVDLA:*",                              29),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:default:*",         3),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:nodelay:*",         3),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",                      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",                      10),
+        ("OpenTitan:*",                          16),
+        ("Servant:qerv:*",                       2),
+        ("Servant:serv:*",                       2),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:default:*",                   6),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:asic:*",                      13),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:default:*",                   6),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:hiperf:*",                    12),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:default:*",                   4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:hiperf:*",                    4),
+        ("Vortex:mini:*",                        3),
+        ("Vortex:sane:*",                        6),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux", 31),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux", 28),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux",    13),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux",    15),
+        ("XuanTie-C906:*",                       5),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",                       9),
+        ("XuanTie-E902:*",                       5),
+        ("XuanTie-E906:*",                       6),
+    ],
+    "clang": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",                    5),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",                    12),
+        ("Caliptra:default:*",                   16),
+        ("NVDLA:*",                              28),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:default:*",         10),
+        ("HummingbirdV2-E203:nodelay:*",         10),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",                      5),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",                      8),
+        ("OpenTitan:*",                          10),
+        ("Servant:qerv:phil",                    17),
+        ("Servant:serv:phil",                    15),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:asic:*",                      6),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:default:*",                   8),
+        ("VeeR-EH1:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:asic:*",                      9),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:default:*",                   8),
+        ("VeeR-EH2:hiperf:*",                    7),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:asic:*",                      4),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:default:*",                   5),
+        ("VeeR-EL2:hiperf:*",                    5),
+        ("Vortex:mini:*",                        3),
+        ("Vortex:sane:*",                        5),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux", 21),
+        ("XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux", 19),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux",    8),
+        ("XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux",    8),
+        ("XuanTie-C906:*",                       3),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",                       7),
+        ("XuanTie-E902:*",                       7),
+        ("XuanTie-E906:*",                       7),
+    ],
+    "gcc-hier": [
+        ("BlackParrot:1x1:*",    4),
+        ("BlackParrot:4x4:*",    25),
+        ("NVDLA:*",              25),
+        ("OpenPiton:16x16:dhry", 16),
+        ("OpenPiton:1x1:*",      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:4x4:*",      4),
+        ("OpenPiton:8x8:*",      6),
+        ("XuanTie-C910:*",       7),
+    ],
+}
+# fmt: on
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    description="Print the RTLMeter CI cases as JSON, keyed by run tag")
+parser.add_argument("--event-name",
+                    required=True,
+                    help="GitHub event name that triggered the workflow")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--ci-testing",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Print only the shortest (lowest priority) case per tag, to reduce CI testing time")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+# Pull requests use the reduced 'CASES_PR' set, other events (e.g.: the nightly
+# schedule) use the full 'CASES' set.
+is_pr = args.event_name == "pull_request"
+selected = CASES_PR if is_pr else CASES
+
+cases = {}
+for tag, entries in selected.items():
+    # Highest priority (longest) first
+    ordered = sorted(entries, key=lambda cp: cp[1], reverse=True)
+    # While tweaking the CI, keep only the shortest (lowest priority) case to minimise churn time
+    if args.ci_testing:
+        ordered = ordered[-1:]
+    # Case filters appended to every case for this tag/event
+    suffix = ""
+    # Filters out the non-hierarchical case variants for the hierarchical job
+    if tag == "gcc-hier":
+        suffix += " !-hier"
+    # Filter out hello tests on pull requests, these just add measurement noise
+    if is_pr:
+        suffix += " !*:hello"
+    cases[tag] = [case + suffix for case, _ in ordered]
+print(json.dumps(cases, separators=(",", ":")))

ci/ci-rtlmeter-report.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'rtlmeter.yml' PR results
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This script builds the content of the response comment posted on PRs
+# at the end of RTLMeter runs.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Trace when running in the CI
+[ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ] || set -x
+
+# Arguments:
+#  1. run ID
+#  2. SHA of the event that triggered the run (for a PR, the test merge commit)
+#  rest: run tags
+RUN_ID=$1; shift
+RUN_SHA=$1; shift
+RUNS="$@"
+
+# $VERILATOR_CHECKOUT/ci directory
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(readlink -f $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}))
+
+# Move into a temporary directory
+rm -rf rtlmeter-report
+mkdir rtlmeter-report
+pushd rtlmeter-report &> /dev/null
+TMP_DIR=$(readlink -f .)
+
+# Download the combined results. 'combine-results' uploads a single artifact
+# for each version, holding the per-tag JSON files (e.g. all-results-gcc.json):
+#  - 'all-results'   for the new version
+#  - 'all-reference' for the old reference version
+mkdir new ref
+NEW_DIR=$(readlink -f new)
+REF_DIR=$(readlink -f ref)
+gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name all-results   --dir $NEW_DIR
+gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name all-reference --dir $REF_DIR
+
+# Get Some metadata about the runs
+RUN_URL=$(gh run view $RUN_ID --json url --jq ".url")
+RUN_NUM=$(gh run view $RUN_ID --json number --jq ".number")
+
+# Repository owner and name of the default repository, used to build the
+# GitHub Pages URL of the detailed report. The owner is lowercased, as required
+# for the '<owner>.github.io' Pages domain. Resolved here, while still in the
+# default repository's git context (before the 'cd rtlmeter' below).
+PAGES_OWNER=$(gh repo view --json owner --jq '.owner.login' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+PAGES_NAME=$(gh repo view --json name --jq '.name')
+
+# The 'old' reference was built from the target branch base commit, which is
+# the first parent of the triggering merge commit (same as the 'start' job in
+# rtlmeter.yml). Resolved here, while still in the default repository's git
+# context (before the 'cd rtlmeter' below).
+REF_SHA=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/commits/$RUN_SHA" --jq '.parents[0].sha')
+
+# Go back to root directory
+popd &> /dev/null
+# Go to RTLMeter directory
+cd rtlmeter
+
+# Compare results
+SUMMARY_ARGS=()
+for r in $RUNS; do
+  CMP_JSON=$TMP_DIR/cmp-$r.json
+  # Gather args for summary script
+  SUMMARY_ARGS+=($NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json $CMP_JSON)
+  # Create JSON
+  ./rtlmeter compare --format json --steps "*" --metrics "*" \
+    $REF_DIR/all-reference-$r.json $NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json > $CMP_JSON
+  # Also create detailed tables
+  ./rtlmeter compare --format ascii --steps 'verilate' --metrics '*' $REF_DIR/all-reference-$r.json $NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json > $TMP_DIR/verilate-$r.txt
+  ./rtlmeter compare --format ascii --steps 'cppbuild' --metrics '*' $REF_DIR/all-reference-$r.json $NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json > $TMP_DIR/cppbuild-$r.txt
+  ./rtlmeter compare --format ascii --steps 'execute'  --metrics '*' $REF_DIR/all-reference-$r.json $NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json > $TMP_DIR/execute-$r.txt
+  # Chop them at new lines, into one table per file
+  awk -v RS= -v prefix=$TMP_DIR/$r-frag '{print > sprintf("%s-verilate-%02d.txt",prefix,NR)}' $TMP_DIR/verilate-$r.txt
+  awk -v RS= -v prefix=$TMP_DIR/$r-frag '{print > sprintf("%s-cppbuild-%02d.txt",prefix,NR)}' $TMP_DIR/cppbuild-$r.txt
+  awk -v RS= -v prefix=$TMP_DIR/$r-frag '{print > sprintf("%s-execute-%02d.txt" ,prefix,NR)}' $TMP_DIR/execute-$r.txt
+done
+
+# Create summary, suppress failure, but save the status reported to pass back.
+STATUS=0
+venv/bin/python3 $SCRIPT_DIR/ci-rtlmeter-report.py ${SUMMARY_ARGS[@]} > $TMP_DIR/summary.txt || STATUS=$?
+# Print it
+cat $TMP_DIR/summary.txt
+
+REPORT_URL=https://${PAGES_OWNER}.github.io/${PAGES_NAME}/rtlmeter-reports/${RUN_ID}/index.html
+
+###############################################################################
+# Create the PR notification
+###############################################################################
+
+NOTIFICATION_DIR=$TMP_DIR/notification
+mkdir -p $NOTIFICATION_DIR
+
+cat > ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/body.txt <<NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE
+Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$RUN_NUM]($RUN_URL), comparing:
+- target branch commit [${REF_SHA:0:9}](https://github.com/${PAGES_OWNER}/${PAGES_NAME}/commit/${REF_SHA}) (A)
+- with PR merge commit [${RUN_SHA:0:9}](https://github.com/${PAGES_OWNER}/${PAGES_NAME}/commit/${RUN_SHA}) (B)
+
+<details open>
+  <summary>Summary of all runs</summary>
+  <pre>
+$(cat $TMP_DIR/summary.txt)
+  </pre>
+</details>
+
+The reported numbers are the geometric means of the ratios of the metrics over all cases,
+less than 1 is a regression, greater than 1 is an improvement.
+The jobs run on variable and noisy runners, so some variance is expected between runs.
+
+Detailed report: [${RUN_ID}](${REPORT_URL})
+NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE
+
+echo "Workflow [#$RUN_NUM]($RUN_URL) report: [${RUN_ID}](${REPORT_URL})" > ${NOTIFICATION_DIR}/hist.txt
+
+###############################################################################
+# Create detailed report
+###############################################################################
+
+REPORT=$TMP_DIR/body.html
+cat > $REPORT <<SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+<h3>Summary of all runs</h3>
+<pre>
+$(cat $TMP_DIR/summary.txt)
+</pre>
+SUMMARY_TEMPLATE
+echo "<h3>Detailed results</h3>" >> $REPORT
+for r in $RUNS; do
+  RUN_NAME=$(jq -rj ".[0].runName" $NEW_DIR/all-results-$r.json)
+  echo "<h4>$RUN_NAME</h4>" >> $REPORT
+  for f in $(ls -1 $TMP_DIR/$r-frag-verilate-*.txt | sort) \
+           $(ls -1 $TMP_DIR/$r-frag-cppbuild-*.txt | sort) \
+           $(ls -1 $TMP_DIR/$r-frag-execute-*.txt | sort); do
+    cat >> $REPORT <<DETAIL_TAMPLATE
+    <details>
+      <summary>$(head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n')</summary>
+      <pre>
+$(tail -n +2 $f)
+      </pre>
+    </details>
+DETAIL_TAMPLATE
+  done
+done
+
+# Turn the report into a proper HTML page
+mkdir -p ${TMP_DIR}/report
+cat > ${TMP_DIR}/report/index.html <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+<html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator RTLMeter report #${RUN_NUM}</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+$(cat ${TMP_DIR}/body.html)
+  </body>
+
+</html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+exit $STATUS

ci/ci-rtlmeter-report.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'rtlmeter.yml' PR results
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+###############################################################################
+# This script runs with the venv of **RTLMeter**
+###############################################################################
+
+import sys
+import json
+import tabulate
+from typing import Final, List
+
+tabulate.PRESERVE_WHITESPACE = True
+tabulate.MIN_PADDING = 0
+
+_ASCII_TABLE_FORMAT: Final = tabulate.TableFormat(
+    lineabove=tabulate.Line("╒═", "═", "═╤═", "═╕"),
+    linebelowheader=tabulate.Line("╞═", "═", "═╪═", "═╡"),
+    linebelow=tabulate.Line("╘═", "═", "═╧═", "═╛"),
+    headerrow=tabulate.DataRow("│ ", " │ ", " │"),
+    datarow=tabulate.DataRow("│ ", " │ ", " │"),
+    linebetweenrows=None,
+    padding=0,
+    with_header_hide=None,
+)
+
+
+def printTable(table: List[List[str]], **kwargs) -> None:
+    print(tabulate.tabulate(table, tablefmt=_ASCII_TABLE_FORMAT, **kwargs))
+
+
+# fmt: off
+stepMetric = (
+    # Step,      Metric,    Status Brackets
+    ("execute",  "speed",   ("❌", 0.96, "⚠️", 0.98, "✅", 1.02, "💡", 1.04, "⭐")),
+    ("execute",  "memory",  ("❌", 0.90, "⚠️", 0.95, "✅", 1.05, "💡", 1.10, "⭐")),
+    ("verilate", "cpu",     ("❌", 0.96, "⚠️", 0.98, "✅", 1.02, "💡", 1.04, "⭐")),
+    ("verilate", "memory",  ("❌", 0.90, "⚠️", 0.95, "✅", 1.05, "💡", 1.10, "⭐")),
+    ("cppbuild", "cpu",     ("❌", 0.96, "⚠️", 0.98, "✅", 1.02, "💡", 1.04, "⭐")),
+    ("cppbuild", "memory",  ("❌", 0.90, "⚠️", 0.95, "✅", 1.05, "💡", 1.10, "⭐")),
+    ("cppbuild", "codeSize",("❌", 0.96, "⚠️", 0.98, "✅", 1.02, "💡", 1.04, "⭐")),
+    ("cppbuild", "elapsed", ("❌", 0.70, "⚠️", 0.85, "✅", 1.15, "💡", 1.30, "⭐")),
+)
+
+badgeLegend = [
+    ("❌", "Likely regression"),
+    ("⚠️", "Possible regression"),
+    ("✅", "Within acceptable range"),
+    ("💡", "Possible improvement"),
+    ("⭐", "Likely improvement"),
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+changedCycles = []
+table = []
+badgesToExplain = set()
+
+for ref, cmp in zip(sys.argv[1::2], sys.argv[2::2]):
+    with open(ref, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        ref_json = json.load(f)[0]
+    with open(cmp, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        cmp_json = json.load(f)
+    if table:
+        table.append(tabulate.SEPARATING_LINE)
+    runName = ref_json["runName"]
+
+    # Check simulated cycles match - it's ok to crash if this entry does not exist
+    for entry in cmp_json["execute"]["clocks"]["table"]:
+        case, _, _, (refCycles, _), (newCycles, _), _, _ = entry
+        refCycles = int(refCycles)
+        newCycles = int(newCycles)
+        if refCycles != newCycles:
+            changedCycles.append([runName, case, refCycles, newCycles])
+
+    # Check metrics
+    for step, metric, brackets in stepMetric:
+        if step not in cmp_json:
+            continue
+        data = cmp_json[step]
+        if metric not in data:
+            continue
+        data = data[metric]
+        minGain = float("inf")
+        maxGain = float("-inf")
+        meanGain = 1
+        count = 0
+        for _, _, _, (a, _), (b, _), g, _ in data["table"]:
+            # for wall clock and CPU time, ignore small values that just add noise
+            if metric == "elapsed" or metric == "cpu":
+                if a < 30 or b < 30:
+                    continue
+            minGain = min(minGain, g)
+            maxGain = max(maxGain, g)
+            meanGain *= g
+            count += 1
+        if count == 0:
+            continue
+        meanGain = meanGain**(1 / count)
+
+        status = brackets[0]
+        for limit, badge in zip(brackets[1::2], brackets[2::2]):
+            if meanGain >= limit:
+                status = badge
+        badgesToExplain.add(status)
+
+        table.append([
+            runName, step, ref_json["metrics"][metric]["header"], f"{meanGain:.2f}x  {status} ",
+            f"{minGain:.2f}x", f"{maxGain:.2f}x", f"{count}"
+        ])
+
+# Print changed cycles if any
+if changedCycles:
+    print("❌ simulated cycles changed (must be fixed):")
+    printTable(changedCycles,
+               headers=("Run", "Case", "Old Cycles", "New Cycles"),
+               colalign=("left", "left", "right", "right"),
+               disable_numparse=True)
+    print()
+
+# Print results
+printTable(
+    table,
+    headers=("Run", "Step", "Metric", "Improvement", "Min", "Max", "Samples"),
+    colalign=("left", "left", "left", "right", "right", "right", "right"),
+    disable_numparse=True,
+)
+
+# Explain badges
+print()
+for badge, legend in badgeLegend:
+    if badge in badgesToExplain:
+        print(f"  {badge} : {legend}")
+
+# Fail job if status changed
+sys.exit(0 if not changedCycles else 1)

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI main job script
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This is the main script executed in the 'script' phase by all jobs. We use a
-# single script to keep the CI setting simple. We pass job parameters via
-# environment variables using 'env' keys.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-fatal() {
-  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0"): $1" >&2; exit 1;
-}
-
-if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
-  export MAKE=make
-  NPROC=$(nproc)
-elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-  export MAKE=make
-  NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
-  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
-  export OBJCACHE=
-elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
-  export MAKE=gmake
-  NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
-else
-  fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
-fi
-NPROC=$(expr $NPROC '+' 1)
-
-if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
-  ##############################################################################
-  # Build verilator
-
-  autoconf
-  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
-  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
-    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
-    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
-  fi
-  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
-    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
-  fi
-  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-  ccache -z
-  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-  ccache -s
-  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-    file bin/verilator_bin
-    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    md5 bin/verilator_bin
-    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    stat bin/verilator_bin
-    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-  fi
-elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
-  ##############################################################################
-  # Run tests
-
-  export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_CONTRIBUTORS=1  # Separate workflow check
-  export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_LINT_PY=1  # Separate workflow check
-
-  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GDB=1  # Pain to get GDB to work on OS X
-    # TODO below may no longer be required as configure checks for -pg
-    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1  # Apple Clang has no -pg
-    # export PATH="/Applications/gtkwave.app/Contents/Resources/bin:$PATH" # fst2vcd
-    file bin/verilator_bin
-    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    md5 bin/verilator_bin
-    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    stat bin/verilator_bin
-    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    # For some reason, the dbg exe is corrupted by this point ('file' reports
-    # it as data rather than a Mach-O). Unclear if this is an OS X issue or
-    # CI's. Remove the file and re-link...
-    rm bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
-    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GDB=1 # Disable for now, ideally should run
-    # TODO below may no longer be required as configure checks for -pg
-    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
-  fi
-
-  TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
-  if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
-     mv nodist "$NODIST"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
-  fi
-
-  # Run the specified test
-  ccache -z
-  case $TESTS in
-    dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
-      ;;
-    dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
-      ;;
-    dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
-      ;;
-    dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
-      ;;
-    vltmt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
-      ;;
-    vltmt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/3
-      ;;
-    vltmt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
-      ;;
-    coverage-dist)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-4)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-5)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-6)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-7)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-8)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vlt-9)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-4)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-5)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-6)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-7)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-8)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
-      ;;
-    coverage-vltmt-9)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
-      ;;
-    *)
-      fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"
-      ;;
-  esac
-
-  # To see load average (1 minute, 5 minute, 15 minute)
-  uptime
-  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-  ccache -s
-
-else
-  ##############################################################################
-  # Unknown build stage
-  fatal "Unknown build stage: '$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME'"
-fi

ci/ci-test.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI test job script
+#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Wilson Snyder
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+################################################################################
+# Executed in the 'test' stage.
+################################################################################
+
+# Destructive to the checkout (wipes most of it); never run locally
+if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0") must only be run in GitHub Actions CI" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set -e
+set -x
+
+source "$(dirname "$0")/ci-common.bash"
+
+################################################################################
+# Parse arguments
+
+OPT_RELOC=
+OPT_SUITE=
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --reloc)
+      [ $# -ge 2 ] || fatal "--reloc requires an argument"
+      OPT_RELOC="$2"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    --suite)
+      [ $# -ge 2 ] || fatal "--suite requires an argument"
+      OPT_SUITE="$2"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    *) fatal "Unknown option: '$1'" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+[ -n "$OPT_SUITE" ] || fatal "--suite is required"
+
+################################################################################
+# Run tests
+
+export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_CONTRIBUTORS=1  # Separate workflow check
+export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_LINT_PY=1  # Separate workflow check
+
+if [ "$HOST_OS" = "macOS" ]; then
+  export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GDB=1  # No working GDB on macOS
+fi
+
+TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
+if [ -n "$OPT_RELOC" ]; then
+  # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+  "$MAKE" install
+  # Install prefix, as configured into the Makefile at build time
+  INSTALL_DIR=$(sed -n 's/^prefix = //p' Makefile)
+  mkdir -p "$OPT_RELOC"
+  mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$OPT_RELOC/relocated-install"
+  export VERILATOR_ROOT="$OPT_RELOC/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+  TEST_REGRESS="$OPT_RELOC/test_regress"
+  mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+  NODIST="$OPT_RELOC/nodist"
+  mv nodist "$NODIST"
+  # Delete everything else, but keep the CI infrastructure
+  find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .github ! -name ci -exec rm -rf {} +
+  ls -la .
+fi
+
+# Run the specified suite
+ccache -z
+TEST_START=$SECONDS
+case $OPT_SUITE in
+  dist-vlt-0)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+    ;;
+  dist-vlt-1)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+    ;;
+  dist-vlt-2)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+    ;;
+  dist-vlt-3)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+    ;;
+  vltmt-0)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
+    ;;
+  vltmt-1)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/3
+    ;;
+  vltmt-2)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
+    ;;
+  coverage-dist)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-0)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-1)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-2)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-3)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-4)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-5)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-6)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-7)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-8)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vlt-9)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-0)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-1)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-2)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-3)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-4)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-5)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-6)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-7)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-8)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
+    ;;
+  coverage-vltmt-9)
+    "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
+    ;;
+  *)
+    fatal "Unknown suite: $OPT_SUITE"
+    ;;
+esac
+ccache -svv
+ccache --evict-older-than "$((SECONDS - TEST_START + 60))s"
+ccache -svv
+uptime # To see load average

ci/ci-win-compile.ps1

@@ -1,28 +1,38 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Compile Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 
 Set-PSDebug -Trace 1
 
-if (-Not (Test-Path $PWD/../.ccache/win_bison.exe)) {
+$NPROC = $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS
+
+# Absolute path for the win_flex_bison install; CMake reads this from the environment
+$env:WIN_FLEX_BISON = "$(Resolve-Path ..)/win_flex_bison"
+
+if (-Not (Test-Path $env:WIN_FLEX_BISON/win_bison.exe)) {
     git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison
     cd winflexbison
     mkdir build
     cd build
-    cmake .. --install-prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
-    cmake --build . --config Release -j 3
-    cmake --install . --prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
+    cmake .. --install-prefix $env:WIN_FLEX_BISON
+    cmake --build . --config Release -j $NPROC
+    cmake --install . --prefix $env:WIN_FLEX_BISON
     cd ../..
 }
 
+# Enter the MSVC developer shell so cl/link are on PATH for the Ninja generator
+$VsPath = & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}/Microsoft Visual Studio/Installer/vswhere.exe" -latest -products * -property installationPath
+Import-Module "$VsPath/Common7/Tools/Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll"
+Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath $VsPath -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments "-arch=x64 -host_arch=x64"
+
 mkdir build
 cd build
-cmake .. --install-prefix $PWD/../install
-cmake --build . --config Release -j 3
+# Ninja saturates all cores; the MSBuild generator only parallelizes across
+# projects and Verilator is a single target, so it compiles serially. /Od skips
+# optimization: this job only checks that Verilator builds and can verilate an
+# example, so an optimized binary is not needed and the codegen time dominates.
+cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release --install-prefix $PWD/../install "-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE=/Od /DNDEBUG"
+cmake --build .
 cmake --install . --prefix $PWD/../install

ci/ci-win-test.ps1

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI Windows Power Shell - Verilate a test
 #
-# Copyright 2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 ################################################################################
 
 
 Set-PSDebug -Trace 1
 
+$NPROC = $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS
+
 cd install
 $Env:VERILATOR_ROOT=$PWD
 cd examples/cmake_tracing_c
 mkdir build
 cd build
-cmake ..
-cmake --build . --config Release -j 3
+# /Od skips optimization; this only checks the example verilates and builds, so
+# an optimized binary is not needed (see ci-win-compile.ps1).
+cmake .. "-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE=/Od /DNDEBUG"
+cmake --build . --config Release -j $NPROC
 
 # TODO put this back in, see issue# 5163
 # Release/example.exe

ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for env to build and fully test Verilator
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
                         libclang-rt-18-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         libsystemc \
                         libsystemc-dev \
                         numactl \
@@ -53,10 +53,14 @@ RUN apt-get update \
 
 WORKDIR /tmp
 
-RUN git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff.git && \
-    make -C vcddiff && \
-    cp -p vcddiff/vcddiff /usr/local/bin/vcddiff && \
-    rm -rf vcddiff
+COPY wavetools.conf /tmp/wavetools.conf
+ARG WGET_EXTRA_ARGS=
+RUN . /tmp/wavetools.conf && \
+    wget -q ${WGET_EXTRA_ARGS} -O /tmp/wavetools.tar.gz \
+    "https://github.com/hudson-trading/wavetools/releases/download/${WAVETOOLS_VERSION}/wavetools-${WAVETOOLS_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz" && \
+    tar -xzf /tmp/wavetools.tar.gz -C /tmp && \
+    cp -p /tmp/wavetools-${WAVETOOLS_VERSION}-linux-x86_64/wavediff /usr/local/bin/wavediff && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/wavetools.tar.gz /tmp/wavetools-* /tmp/wavetools.conf
 
 COPY build.sh /tmp/build.sh
 

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
-.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+..
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:
 
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +10,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:
 
--  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
 
--  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)
 
--  Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
 
 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -37,8 +38,9 @@ To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
    docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the start of the container:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:
 
 ::
 

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash -e
 # DESCRIPTION: Build Verilator (inside container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"

ci/docker/buildenv/wavetools.conf

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+WAVETOOLS_VERSION=v0.1.2

ci/docker/run/Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Dockerfile for image to run Verilator inside
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         help2man \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
-                        libgoogle-perftools-dev \
+                        libjemalloc-dev \
                         numactl \
                         perl \
                         perl-doc \

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
-.. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+..
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container
 =====================================
@@ -11,12 +12,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version
 
-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.
 
-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ or
    ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v
 
 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:
 
 ::
@@ -68,9 +69,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.
 
 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.

ci/docker/run/hooks/build

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to pass SOURCE_COMMIT
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker build --build-arg SOURCE_COMMIT=${SOURCE_COMMIT} -f $DOCKERFILE_PATH -t $IMAGE_NAME .

ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Docker hub hook to tag the latest release (stable)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi

ci/docker/run/verilator-docker

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a verilator call to run a docker container
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 docker pull verilator/verilator:$1 >/dev/null

ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh

@@ -2,30 +2,30 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Wrap a Verilator call and copy vlt includes
 #              (inside docker container)
 #
-# Copyright 2020 by Stefan Wallentowitz. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Stefan Wallentowitz
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi
 
 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi
 
 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi

configure.ac

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
-# General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.042 2025-11-02],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.052 2026-09-05],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
               [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
                               [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
                                AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
-                               This disables tcmalloc.  Does not affect
-                               Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+                               This disables tcmalloc and jemalloc.  Does not
+                               affect Verilated models using ASAN.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
                 yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
                 no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
@@ -92,6 +93,27 @@ else
   AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
 fi
 
+# Flag to enable linking Verilator with jemalloc if available
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use jemalloc)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([jemalloc],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-jemalloc],
+                              [Use libjemalloc for faster dynamic memory
+                               management in Verilator binary. Preferred over
+                               tcmalloc when both are available
+                               @<:@default=check@:>@])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-jemalloc]) ;;
+               esac],
+              [CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=check;])
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC)
+fi
+
 # Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
@@ -107,6 +129,21 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
 AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
+# Flag to reduce the debug info in the debug executable to minimize its size
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to reduce debug info in the debug executable)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([light-debug],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-light-debug],
+                              [Reduce the amount of debug information in the debug
+                               Verilator executable to minimize its size. Enable
+                               slight optimization. Enough for backtraces only.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-light-debug]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG)
+
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([defenv],
@@ -399,8 +436,18 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
     _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE($2, $1="$$1 $2")
    ])
 
+AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET],
+   [# _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(variable, flag) -- Check if linker supports specific
+    # options. If it does, set variable to flag, only if not previously set
+    # (so the first supported flag wins and the rest are not tested).
+    if test "$$1" = ""; then
+       _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE($2, $1="$2")
+    fi
+   ])
+
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
 if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_GCOV_CXX="$CXX"
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -422,8 +469,32 @@ if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
   # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
-  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])
+  if test "x$GCOV" = "x"; then GCOV=gcov; fi
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $GCOV reads coverage data from $CFG_GCOV_CXX])
+  CFG_GCOV_DIR=conftest.gcov.dir
+  rm -rf $CFG_GCOV_DIR
+  AS_MKDIR_P([$CFG_GCOV_DIR])
+  echo 'int main() { return 0; }' > $CFG_GCOV_DIR/conftest_gcov.cpp
+  CFG_GCOV_RES=no
+  if (cd $CFG_GCOV_DIR \
+      && $CFG_GCOV_CXX --coverage -o conftest_gcov conftest_gcov.cpp \
+      && ./conftest_gcov) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    (cd $CFG_GCOV_DIR && $GCOV conftest_gcov.gcda) >/dev/null 2>&1
+    if test -s $CFG_GCOV_DIR/conftest_gcov.cpp.gcov; then CFG_GCOV_RES=yes; fi
+  else
+    CFG_GCOV_RES=untested
+  fi
+  rm -rf $CFG_GCOV_DIR
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_GCOV_RES)
+  if test "$CFG_GCOV_RES" = "no"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR(['$GCOV' cannot read coverage data written by '$CFG_GCOV_CXX'.
+  Coverage collection would silently produce no data.
+  Pass a matching tool, e.g. GCOV=gcov-<version>
+  or configure without --enable-dev-gcov.])
+  fi
 fi
+AC_SUBST(GCOV)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
@@ -461,6 +532,11 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_CORO_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES,-std=gnu++20)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
+# Check if the C++ compiler supports ThreadSanitizer
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=thread,
+  [AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TSAN],[1],[Defined if ThreadSanitizer is supported by $CXX])])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_TSAN)
+
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
 if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
@@ -472,9 +548,11 @@ fi
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -485,15 +563,27 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG" = "yes"; then
+  # Slight optimization and minimal compressed debug info. This is enough for
+  # --gdb/--gdbbt backtraces, but omits the bulk of the debug info, which
+  # significantly reduces object file sizes. For CI or release builds.
+  if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
+  fi
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb1)
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-fdebug-info-for-profiling) # For fully-qualified names with clang
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+else
+  # Full debug: no optimization, full debug info, for development.
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-O0)
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_LIGHT_DEBUG" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -530,10 +620,12 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
         [-Wno-tautological-compare],
         [-Wno-uninitialized],
+        [-Wno-unnecessary-virtual-specifier],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
         [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
     # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
     CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -554,6 +646,34 @@ m4_foreach([ldflag], [
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDLIBS_THREADS)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_THREADS_CMAKE)
 
+# Find link flags for runtime VPI library loading (+verilator+vpi+<lib>).
+# The model executable must export its VPI symbols so the dlopen'd library can
+# resolve them: -rdynamic (GNU ld) or -Wl,-export_dynamic (Darwin); the first the
+# linker accepts wins.  -ldl provides dlopen/dlsym where it is a separate library.
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(CFG_LDFLAGS_DYNAMIC, -rdynamic)
+# -Wl,-export_dynamic contains a comma, so probe it directly rather than through
+# the _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_* macros (which re-expand their flag argument unquoted).
+if test "$CFG_LDFLAGS_DYNAMIC" = ""; then
+  ACO_SAVE_LIBS="$LIBS"
+  LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-export_dynamic"
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $CXX linker accepts -Wl,-export_dynamic])
+  AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+       [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]])],
+       [_my_result=yes
+        if test -s conftest.err; then
+          if grep -e "-export_dynamic" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
+            _my_result=no
+          fi
+        fi],
+       [_my_result=no])
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($_my_result)
+  LIBS="$ACO_SAVE_LIBS"
+  if test "$_my_result" = "yes"; then CFG_LDFLAGS_DYNAMIC="-Wl,-export_dynamic"; fi
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DYNAMIC)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDLIBS_DYNAMIC, -ldl)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDLIBS_DYNAMIC)
+
 # If 'mold' is installed, use it to link for faster buildtimes
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -fuse-ld=mold)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED, -fuse-ld=mold)
@@ -563,9 +683,6 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libgcc)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libstdc++)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -Xlinker -gc-sections)
-  LTCMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
-else
-  LTCMALLOC=-ltcmalloc_minimal
 fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
@@ -581,23 +698,56 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -latomic)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lbcrypt)
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lpsapi)
 
-# Check if tcmalloc is available based on --enable-tcmalloc
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
-  $LTCMALLOC,
-  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
-    CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
-    # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
-    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
-    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
-    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
-    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
-    _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+# Figure out which malloc library to use:
+# - Prefer jemalloc over tcmalloc (it's faster)
+# - If partial static link enabled, prefer static libraries,
+#   but fall back on dynamic if static is not available
+
+# Test for jemalloc
+CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=no
+if test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" != "no"; then
+  if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
+    _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(CFG_LIBS_MALLOC, -Xlinker --whole-archive -l:libjemalloc.a -Xlinker --no-whole-archive)
+  fi
+  _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(CFG_LIBS_MALLOC, -ljemalloc)
+  if test "$CFG_LIBS_MALLOC" != ""; then
+    CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC=yes
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_JEMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have jemalloc])
+  elif test "$CFG_WITH_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-jemalloc was given but jemalloc is not available])
+  fi
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_JEMALLOC)
+
+# Test for tcmalloc
+CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=no
+if test "$CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([jemalloc found, skipping check for tcmalloc])
+elif test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
+  if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
+    _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(CFG_LIBS_MALLOC, -Xlinker --whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Xlinker --no-whole-archive)
+  fi
+  _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_SET(CFG_LIBS_MALLOC, -ltcmalloc_minimal)
+  if test "$CFG_LIBS_MALLOC" != ""; then
+    CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC=yes
     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TCMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have tcmalloc])
-   fi],
-  [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
-   fi])
+  elif test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but tcmalloc is not available])
+  fi
+fi
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
+
+if test "$CFG_HAVE_JEMALLOC" = "yes" || test "$CFG_HAVE_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
+  # If using custom malloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
+  # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+fi
+
+# Finished with libraries
+CFG_LIBS="$CFG_LIBS_MALLOC $CFG_LIBS"
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 
 # Need C++14 at least

docs/AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<!-- DESCRIPTION: Verilator: docs/ guidelines for AI coding agents
+     SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026-2026 Wilson Snyder
+     SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0 -->
+
+# docs/ Guidelines -- Verilator documentation (\*.rst)
+
+When to check: before editing anything under `docs/`.
+Read the repository-root [AGENTS.md](../AGENTS.md) first for process and cross-cutting rules.
+
+## Writing rules
+
+- Rewrap paragraphs after editing -- keep consistent line length in `*.rst` files.
+
+- Document only stable, implemented features -- never planned or in-development capabilities; prevents user confusion and support burden.
+
+- Explain WHAT and WHEN, not HOW -- conceptual purpose and practical use cases over implementation mechanics; describe behavior ("optimized as pure", not "treated as pure") and clarify ambiguous referents ("in the internals of Verilator").
+
+- Keep terminology consistent -- one term per concept; update docs when renaming code constructs; spell out full terms, avoiding abbreviations like "sim"/"sims".
+
+- Use "how many" for countable nouns (threads, tasks, workers) and "how much" for uncountable quantities.
+
+- Mark internal or experimental features "for internal use only" -- prevents user dependence and forced deprecation cycles later.
+
+- Use specific IEEE references: `IEEE {number}-{year}` plus the section (e.g. `Annex I`) -- a vague "IEEE spec requires" is unverifiable.
+
+- Document all flags with descriptions, not just syntax.
+
+## reStructuredText mechanics
+
+- Use the `:vlopt:` role for Verilator option references -- makes cross-references clickable and consistent.
+
+- Escape angle brackets (`\<`, `\>`) in link targets -- prevents broken links to command-line options.
+
+- Generate documentation examples with `test.extract` from `test_regress` test files -- examples stay synced with actually tested behavior.
+
+## Hard constraint
+
+- Never edit `docs/CONTRIBUTORS` -- only humans may, after reading and agreeing to its statement; remind the user instead.

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+..
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Contributing to Verilator
 =========================
 
@@ -23,8 +27,8 @@ Did you find a Verilator bug?
     demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.
 
   - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
@@ -38,18 +42,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.
 
 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
-- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.
 
-- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:
 
   - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
     <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -75,20 +79,52 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
 Do you have questions on Verilator?
 -----------------------------------
 
-- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
 
 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
   <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.
 
 
+AI Policy
+---------
+
+Verilator follows the Linux Foundation recommendations regarding the usage
+of Generative Large Language Model Artificial Intelligence (LLM-AI) tools
+and agents for all contributions to the project, including source code,
+test benches, and documentation.
+
+AI assistants and automated agents are not permitted to sign off on
+contributions. A human submitter is strictly responsible for reviewing,
+verifying, and testing all AI-generated content. By submitting, the
+contributor certifies that the generated content is effectively their work
+product and adheres to project standards. This accountability is affirmed
+when the human contributor signs the Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO)
+as outlined in ``docs/CONTRIBUTORS``.
+
+Contributors are encouraged to disclose the significant use of generative
+AI tools in their commit messages or Pull Request descriptions to maintain
+transparency.
+
+Contributors must ensure that the terms and conditions of the generative AI
+tool do not place any contractual restrictions on the tool's output that
+are inconsistent with Verilator's open-source licenses, the project's
+intellectual property policies, or the Open Source Definition.
+
+If any pre-existing copyrighted materials (including third-party
+open-source code or documentation) are included in the AI tool's output,
+the contributor must confirm prior to submission that they have explicit
+permission from the third-party owners to use, modify, and distribute those
+materials under terms compliant with Verilator's licensing policies.
+
+
 Code of Conduct
 ---------------
 
-- Our contributors and participants pledge to make participation in our
-  project and our community a positive experience for everyone. We follow
-  the `Contributor Covenant version 1.4
-  <https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct/>`__.
+Our contributors and participants pledge to make participation in our
+project and our community a positive experience for everyone. We follow the
+`Contributor Covenant version 1.4
+<https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct/>`__.
 
 Thanks!

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
 The contributors listed below have certified their Verilator contributions
-under the Developer Certificate of Origin (https://developercertificate.org/).
+under the Developer Certificate of Origin
+(https://developercertificate.org/).
+
+AI agents may not edit this file. As a human, you are agreeing to the
+contribution terms including the AI policy in ``docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst``.
 
 Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 
+24bit-xjkp
 404allen404
 Adam Bagley
+Adam Kostrzewski
+Aditya Shevade
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
 أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
+Aisha Salimgereyeva
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
+Alex Zhou
 Aliaksei Chapyzhenka
 Ameya Vikram Singh
 Andrea Calabrese
@@ -20,15 +29,23 @@ Andrei Kostovski
 Andrew Miloradovsky
 Andrew Nolte
 Andrew Voznytsa
+Andrii Andrieiev
+anonkey
 Anthony Donlon
 Anthony Moore
+apocelipes
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
 Artur Bieniek
+AUDIY
 Aylon Chaim Porat
+Bartosz Skorowski
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
+Benjamin Collier
+BRDR LIFE
 Brian Li
 Cameron Kirk
+Cameron Waite
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
@@ -38,29 +55,41 @@ Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
 Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
+Cookie
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
 Danny Oler
 Dave Sargeant
+David Garau
 David Horton
 David Ledger
 David Metz
 David Stanford
 David Turner
+dependabot[bot]
 Dercury
+Demin Han
 Diego Roux
 Dominick Grochowina
 Don Williamson
+Dragon-Git
 Drew Ranck
 Drew Taussig
 Driss Hafdi
 Edgar E. Iglesias
+Eddie Rydell
+em2machine
+emmettifelts
+Eric Mejdrich
 Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
+Eryk Szpotański
 Ethan Sifferman
+Eunseo Song
 Eyck Jentzsch
 Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
+february cozzocrea
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
 Frans Skarman
@@ -83,6 +112,7 @@ Gökçe Aydos
 Han Qi
 Harald Heckmann
 Hennadii Chernyshchyk
+hjsanjana
 Howard Su
 Huang Rui
 Huanghuang Zhou
@@ -94,8 +124,12 @@ Ilya Barkov
 Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
+JAEUK LEE
+Jaeuk Lee (이재욱)
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Michalski
 Jakub Wasilewski
+jalcim
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -105,6 +139,10 @@ Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jeffrey Song
+jeffrey.song
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
@@ -123,21 +161,27 @@ John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
 Josh Redford
+Joshua Leahy
+JOTEGO (Jose Tejada)
+Julian Carrier
 Julian Daube
 Julie Schwartz
 Julien Margetts
 Justin Thiel
 Kaleb Barrett
+Kamil Danecki
 Kamil Rakoczy
 Kanad Kanhere
 Kefa Chen
 Keith Colbert
 Kevin Kiningham
 Kevin Nygaard
+Kornel Uriasz
 Kritik Bhimani
 Krzysztof Bieganski
 Krzysztof Boronski
@@ -148,13 +192,19 @@ Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
 Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
+Laurent CHARRIER
+Leela Pakanati
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
+Lucas Amaral
 Ludwig Rogiers
 Lukasz Dalek
+M2kar
 Maarten De Braekeleer
 Maciej Sobkowski
 Marcel Chang
+Marco Bartoli
+Marco Brambilla
 Marco Widmer
 Mariusz Glebocki
 Markus Krause
@@ -166,30 +216,41 @@ Mateusz Gancarz
 Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
 Max Wipfli
+Maxim Fonarev
 Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
+Michael Rogenmoser
 Michal Czyz
 Michaël Lefebvre
+Miguel Perez Andrade
 Mike Popoloski
 Miodrag Milanović
 Mladen Slijepcevic
 Morten Borup Petersen
 Mostafa Gamal
 Moubarak Jeje
+Muzaffer Kal
 Nandu Raj
 Natan Kreimer
 Nathan Graybeal
 Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
 Nick Brereton
+Nikolai Kumar
+Nikolay Puzanov
 Nolan Poe
 Oleh Maksymenko
+Patrick Creighton
 Patrick Stewart
 Paul Bowen-Huggett
+Paul Campbell
+Paul Rigge
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Klopotek
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
 Peter Birch
@@ -205,6 +266,7 @@ Piotr Binkowski
 Qingyao Sun
 Quentin Corradi
 Rafal Kapuscik
+Rahul Behl
 Rasfunk
 Raynard Qiao
 Ricardo Barbedo
@@ -213,36 +275,53 @@ Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
 Robin Heinemann
 Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
+Rowan Goemans
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
+Saksham Gupta
 Samuel Riedel
 Sean Cross
 Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
+Secturion
+Sergey Chusov
 Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
+Shashvat Prabhu
+Shogo Yamazaki
 Shou-Li Hsu
+spomatasmd
 Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
 Stephen Henry
 Steven Hugg
+Stuart Morris
+sumpster
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
+Sumanth Kadiyala
 Teng Huang
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Brown
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
+Thomas Santerre
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
 Tobias Jensen
 Tobias Rosenkranz
 Tobias Wölfel
 Todd Strader
+Tom Jackson
 Tom Manner
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
+Tracy Narine
 Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
+Tyrone Marhguy
 Udaya Raj Subedi
 Udi Finkelstein
 Unai Martinez-Corral
@@ -251,15 +330,20 @@ Varun Koyyalagunta
 Vassilis Papaefstathiou
 Veripool API Bot
 Victor Besyakov
+Vikash Patel
 Vito Gamberini
+Wei-Lun Chiu
 William D. Jones
 Wilson Snyder
+Wolfgang Mayerwieser
 Xi Zhang
 Yan Xu
 Yangyu Chen
+Yilin Li
 Yilou Wang
 Yinan Xu
 Yoda Lee
+Yogish Sekhar
 Yossi Nivin
 Yu-Sheng Lin
 Yuri Victorovich
@@ -270,8 +354,7 @@ Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
 Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
-dependabot[bot]
-february cozzocrea
-sumpster
+Zubin Jain
 Àlex Torregrosa
 Ícaro Lima
+Sunimali Rathnayake

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+# or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025-2026 Wilson Snyder
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 ######################################################################

docs/README.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+..
+   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2003-2026 Wilson Snyder
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
 Verilator Documentation
 =======================
 
@@ -10,8 +14,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to extract from')

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -52,12 +52,13 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
-you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-Version 2.0.
+    epilog="""This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3
+or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 
-SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Wilson Snyder
+SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to edit')

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
+   :emphasize-lines: 3,5
 
      assign d_o =  // Note = not == below
          (
-         c_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         e_o = 1  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
          ) ? 1 : (
+         e_o = 0  // <--- Warning: ASSIGNEQEXPR
+         ) ? b_i : 0;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block::
 
    -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries
+   %Error-DIDNOTCONVERGE: Settle region did not converge after '--converge-limit' of 10000 tries

docs/gen/ex_FINALDLY_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_finaldly_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     bit foo;
+     final foo <= 1;  // <--- Error

docs/gen/ex_FINALDLY_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_finaldly_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FINALDLY: example.v:1:13 Non-blocking assignment '<=' in final block
+       9 |   final foo <= 1;
+         |             ^~

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
      function void calls_timing_ctl;
-       @e; // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVENPROC_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_proc_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+
+     always @(posedge clk) q <= d;
+     always @(posedge clk) q <= ~d;

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVENPROC_loopidx.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_proc_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+
+     integer i;
+
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i = i + 1) q1[i] <= d[i];
+     end
+
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i = i + 1) q2[i] <= ~d[i];
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVENPROC_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_proc_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVENPROC: example.v:1:25 Variable written to in always block also written by another always block: 'q'
+                                                                  : ... note: In instance 't.u1'
+                             example.v:1:25
+      54 |   always @(posedge clk) q <= ~d;
+         |                         ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_alwaysff_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. code-block:: sv
+    :linenos:
+    :emphasize-lines: 3,6
+
+    module t(input logic clk, input logic d, output logic q);
+
+        initial q = 1'b0;  // <--- Warning
+
+        always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
+        q <= d;  // <--- Warning
+        end
+    endmodule

docs/gen/ex_NOTREDOP_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_notredop_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-NOTREDOP: example.v:1:17 Logical not directly before reduction operator is illegal
+                                                 : ... Suggest use parentheses, e.g. '!(|expr)'
+      12 |   assign y[0] = !|v;
+         |                 ^

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_faulty.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      sub sub();  // <--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   module sub
-     (output port);
+     sub sub ();  // <--- Warning
    endmodule
+   module sub (
+       output port
+   );

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_pinmissing_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Instance has missing pin: 'port'
+   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:7 Instance has missing pin: 'port'

docs/gen/ex_SIMILARNAME_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_similarname_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+
+     reg i;
+     wire I;

docs/gen/ex_SIMILARNAME_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_similarname_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-SIMILARNAME: example.v:1:8 Declaration overlaps another with different case: 'I'
+      13 |   wire I;
+         |        ^
+                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of original declaration
+      12 |   reg i;
+         |       ^