Version bump

Track the location based message/feature enable bits separately for code
and control file directives. A message/feature is disabled if disabled
either in the control file, or in code directives/metacomments. That is,
enabled only if both agree should be enabled.

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# Copyright 2020-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained and self-checking so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''
 
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 # This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: build
+name: build-test
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
@@ -17,72 +19,158 @@ permissions:
 
 defaults:
   run:
-    shell: bash
     working-directory: repo
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
 
 jobs:
 
   build-2404-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2404-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
 
   build-2204-gcc:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
 
   build-2204-clang:
-    name: Build
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
     with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
 
   test-2404-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -97,14 +185,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2404-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2404-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -119,14 +209,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-gcc:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-gcc
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -141,14 +233,16 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   test-2204-clang:
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     needs: build-2204-clang
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
     with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
       suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -163,34 +257,30 @@ jobs:
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
 
   lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
         with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
 permissions:
@@ -14,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -2,96 +2,212 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
-
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
 
-  Build:
+  build:
+    name: Build
     # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1
 
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
         num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 name: format
 on:
   push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
 permissions:
   contents: write
+
 jobs:
   format:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -19,26 +21,26 @@ jobs:
       CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install packages for build
         env:
           CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
         run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-18 yapf3 &&
-          sudo pip3 install gersemi mbake &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
           git config --global user.name "github action"
       - name: Format code
         run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18 &&
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+          make venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
           git status
       - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
             git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
             git push origin

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.actor }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-2025
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows"]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -7,16 +7,32 @@ name: reusable-build
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
-      cc:  # gcc or clang
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
         required: true
         type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
 
 env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -31,30 +47,33 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
 
   build:
+    name: Build
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-build | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
-
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         env:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
@@ -64,12 +83,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-      - name: Tar up repository
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Install python dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install python3-clang
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -31,18 +31,21 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
 
       - name: Use saved ccache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: ccache
           key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           path: repo
           fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
 
       - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -55,11 +55,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
 
       - name: Download Verilator installation archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
 
@@ -70,14 +73,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Use saved ccache
         if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
           key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
           restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
 
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -89,15 +92,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Compile cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}' --nExecute=0
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
 
       - name: Execute cases
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at leat save the successful results
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
         run: |
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
 
       - name: Collate results
         id: results
@@ -114,15 +115,14 @@ jobs:
           ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
 
       - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
-          name: rtlmeter-results-${{ inputs.tag }}-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
           overwrite: true
           retention-days: 2
 
       - name: Report status
         working-directory: rtlmeter
-        run: | # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
-          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{ inputs.cases }}' --compileArgs='${{ inputs.compileArgs }}' --executeArgs='${{ inputs.executeArgs }}'
-          # My YAML highlighter sucks, so I put this comment here wiht a phony closing quote mark to make it work: '
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ name: reusable-test
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
       os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
         required: true
         type: string
@@ -19,10 +23,12 @@ on:
       suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
         required: true
         type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
 
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
@@ -38,30 +44,30 @@ jobs:
 
   test:
     runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
-    name: Sub-test | ${{ inputs.os }} | ${{ inputs.cc }} | ${{inputs.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ inputs.suite }}
+    name: Test
     env:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
       CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
       CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ inputs.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
       CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
 
       - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         env:
           CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
         with:
@@ -71,9 +77,33 @@ jobs:
             ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
       - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-install.bash
+          make venv
 
       - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
         env:
           TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -10,12 +10,7 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
   pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-      - reopened
-      - labeled
-      - unlabeled
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -25,7 +20,8 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.ref }}
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
@@ -78,6 +74,10 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
           - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
@@ -120,6 +120,10 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
       matrix:
         cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
           - "NVDLA:*"
           - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
           - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
@@ -145,9 +149,37 @@ jobs:
           - "XuanTie-C906:*"
           - "XuanTie-C910:*"
 
+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
   combine-results:
     name: Combine results
-    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang]
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
     # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
     # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
     if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
@@ -155,12 +187,10 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        tag:
-          - gcc
-          - clang
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
           path: rtlmeter
@@ -168,9 +198,9 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: rtlmeter
         run: make venv
       - name: Download all results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
-          pattern: rtlmeter-results-${{ matrix.tag }}-*
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
           path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Combine results
@@ -178,7 +208,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
       - name: Upload combined results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
           name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
@@ -197,20 +227,20 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Download combined results
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           pattern: all-results-*
           path: results
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload published results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           path: results/*.json
           name: published-results
       # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.2.1
         with:
           app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
@@ -218,7 +248,7 @@ jobs:
           repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
           permission-contents: write
       - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -242,55 +272,121 @@ jobs:
           git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
           git push origin
 
-  #publish-pr-results:
-  #  name: Publish results to Pull Request
-  #  needs: combine-results
-  #  if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
-  #  runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-  #  steps:
-  #    - name: Checkout RTLMeter
-  #      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
-  #        path: rtlmeter
-  #    - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
-  #      working-directory: rtlmeter
-  #      run: make venv
-  #    - name: Download combined results
-  #      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        pattern: all-results-*
-  #        path: all-results
-  #        merge-multiple: true
-  #    - name: Get scheduled run info
-  #      id: scheduled-info
-  #      run:
-  #        IDLATEST=$(gh run list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
-  #        echo "id=$IDLATEST" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #        URL=$(gh run view $IDLATEST --json url --jq ".url")
-  #        echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #        NUM=$(gh run view $IDLATEST --json number --jq ".number")
-  #        echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  #    # Fetching artifacts from different workflow requires elevated privilege
-  #    - name: Generate access token
-  #      id: generate-token
-  #      uses: actions/[email protected]
-  #      with:
-  #        app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
-  #        private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
-  #        owner: verilator
-  #        repositories: verilator
-  #        permission-actions: read
-  #    - name: Download scheduled run results
-  #      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-  #      with:
-  #        name: published-results
-  #        path: nightly-results
-  #        run-id: ${{ steps.schedueld-info.outputs.id }}
-  #        github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-  #    # TODO: diff and present
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
 
-  # Create GitHub issue for failed schedueld jobs
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
   # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
   create-issue:
     name: Create issue on failure
@@ -301,7 +397,7 @@ jobs:
       # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
       - name: Generate access token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.0.6
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2.2.1
         with:
           app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
@@ -311,7 +407,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Create issue
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
           echo "" >> body.txt
           echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
     family-names: Wasson
   - given-names: Duane
     family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
   - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
   The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
   description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
   traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.040
+    VERSION 5.044
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
     if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
     endif()
     if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
         message(

Changes

@@ -8,6 +8,256 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!
 
 
+Verilator 5.044 2026-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is the last release supporting the deprecated `--xml-only` and
+  `--make cmake` options.
+* Change `--lint-only` and `--json-only` to imply `--timing` (#6790).
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `--unroll-limit` option (#6654) (#6668). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-fno-inline-funcs-eager` option to disable excessive inlining (#6682). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-param`/`-port` options to `public_flat*` control directives (#6685). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `--top` specifying `config` name (#6710). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Add `sc_biguint` pragma (#6712). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `make venv` target (#6775). [Geza Lore]
+* Add SUPERNFIRST error on super.new on non-first statement (#6784). [Artur Bieniek]
+* Add fargs for reusability of `--dump-inputs` output (#6812). [Geza Lore]
+* Add `--quiet-build` to suppress make/compiler informationals.
+* Support `std::randomize(){...}` (#4706) (#6573). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked array elements (partial #4735) (#6787). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `config' (#5891) (#6714) (#6717) (#6745) (#6764). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Support unpacked struct in localparam (#6053 partial) (#6708). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Support `randsequence` (#6131).
+* Support array reference arguments into 'std::randomize()' (#6384) (#6719). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic global constraints (#6551) (#6552). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support SystemC time resolution with step 10/100 (#6633) (#6715). [Aliaksei Chapyzhenka]
+* Support `this.randomize()` with constraints (#6634). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multi-expression sequences (#6639). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `#1step` delay as statement  (#6671). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support clocking output delay `1step` (#6681). [Ondrej Ille]
+* Support parsing of dotted `bins_expression` (#6683). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constant expression cycle delays in sequences (#6691). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support general global constraints (#6709) (#6711). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support complex std::randomize patterns (#6736) (#6737). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand_mode` in global constraint gathering (#6740) (#6752). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support reduction or in constraints (#6840). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support vpiSigned (#6868) (#6870). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Optimize away calls to empty functions (#6626). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize redundant headers in Syms implementation files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize constructor/destructor VerilatedModules (#6660). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize repeated function call during symbol table initialization (#6665). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize functions reading external parameters as pure (#6684). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize `$past` delayed variable reuse (#6689). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize combinational loops through sign extension (#6724). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trace initialization code size (#6749). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles in DFG (#6744) (#6746) (#6744). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize inlining small C functions and add `-inline-cfuncs` (#6815). [Jose Drowne]
+* Fix generate function(s) inside of generate blocks (#1011) (#6789). [em2machine]
+* Fix typedef derived from type defined inside interface (#3441) (#6776). [em2machine]
+* Fix warning lint directive ordering and consistency (#4185) (#5368) (#5610) (#6876).
+* Fix extern function that returns parameterized class (#4924).
+* Fix type deduction for variable parameterized classes (#6281) (#6813). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize called within func/task (#6144) (#6753). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix pre/post_randomize on extended classes (#6467). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix expression short circuiting (#6483). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix resized lvalues with warning suppressed (#6497) (#6816). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix unsupported `if` virtual interface warning (#6558) (#6861). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression coverage of system calls (#6592). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `--timing` with `--x-initial-edge` (#6603) (#6631). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix merging of impure assignments in gate optimization (#6629) (#6630). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix determining Verilator revision when within git submodules without tags.
+* Fix initial random values for verilator-created variables (#6611). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parsing of `with` clause inside covergroups (#6618). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix slice memory overflow on large output arrays (#6636) (#6638). [Jens Yuechao Liu]
+* Fix localparam type assignment from interface type parameters (#6637) (#6732). [em2machine]
+* Fix memory usage statistics on MacOS (#6644). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix command line statistics with --stats (#6645) (#6646). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix slow compilation of generated sampled value code (#6652). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix non-deterministic output when splitting Syms file. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on DFG driver lookup (#6649). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ccache-report with PCH files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class function (#6659) (#6802). [em2machine]
+* Fix local interface parameter hierarchical access (#6661) (#6666). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix splitting of Syms constructor/destructor bodies (#6662). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix long C++ compilation due to VerilatedScope constructors (#6664). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix large array initialization (#6669). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--expand-limit` not respected for expressions (#6670). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix `free` name collision (#6675). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix bounds checking in non-inlined function (#6677). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix stream operator widening (#6693) (#6697). [Jean-Nicolas Strauss]
+* Fix multitop cross references (#6699).
+* Fix DFG independent bits analysis performance (#6713) (#6743). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix deleting linked node error in V3Randomize (#6718). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix runtime worker thread stack sizes on MacOS (#6721). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix X handling in UDPs (#6722) (#6723). [Michael Bikovitsky]
+* Fix `--prof-exec` using `--lib-create`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix fork scheduling semantics (#6730). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix JSON output case statements (#6733).
+* Fix internal fault when cross-class calling with DPI (#6735) (#6742). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix write variable placement for global constraints (#6740) (#6750) (#6797). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix JSON dump missing output ports (#6751) (#6831). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Fix resolution of specialized typedefs (#6754) (#6808) (#6834). [em2machine]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on force / release with complex selects (#6755). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix select assignment expansion (#6757). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with multi-bit clocks (#6759). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG reusing volatile variables. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG assertion on out-of-bounds selects. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process reference giving no return statement error (#6767) (#6823). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class param static not found again error (#6768).
+* Fix crash when super.new() called without a base class (#6772). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix class-in-class extends with parameters (#6773).
+* Fix enum item references in class extends with parameters.
+* Fix reordering of function body inlined on RHS of <= NBA (#6780). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix clang `-Wno-vla-cxx-extension` warning for UVM DPI tests (#6782)
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6783). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix input sampling of clocking block signals (#6788). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix O(n*2) analysis in const-bit-op-tree (#6791). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix member select of variable without randmode (#6800) (#6833). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix duplicate name error with interface initial blocks (#6804) (#6805). [Thomas Dybdahl Ahle]
+* Fix nested struct within parameter port list (#6818) (#6824). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix setting thread count in VerilatedContext (#6826 partial) (#6841). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Fix firing array selects of events (#6829). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix false IMPLICITSTATIC on localparam (#6835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randcase under fork (#6843). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix JSON missing `signed` indication (#6845).
+* Fix class reference throwing cannot detect changes error (#6851).
+* Fix `randc` on extended class (#6852).
+* Fix typedef `::` class reference error (#6862).
+* Fix missing include on FreeBSD (#6864).
+* Fix `--Wwarn-lint` to be inverse of `--Wno-lint`.
+
+
+Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add HIERPARAM error on hierarchical parameter values (#1626) (#6456) (#6484) (#6587) (#6609) (#6621) (#6623). [Todd Strader] [Luca Rufer] [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add error on zero/negative unpacked dimensions (#1642). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Add verilator_gantt profiling of DPI imports (#3084). [Geza Lore]
+* Add ASSIGNEQEXPR when use `=` inside expressions (#5567). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Add error on non-packed struct randc (#5999). [Seth Pellegrino]
+* Add configure `--enable-dev-asan` to compile verilator_bin with the address sanitizer (#6404). [Geza Lore]
+* Add $(LDFLAGS) and $(LIBS) to when building shared libraries (#6425) (#6426). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Add IMPLICITSTATIC also on procedure variables.
+* Add FUNCTIMCTL error on function invoking task or time-controlling statements (#6385).
+* Add error on `virtual new` (#6486). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on ranges with tristate values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add NORETURN warning on functions without return values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add `--aslr` and `--no-aslr` options.
+* Add `$cpure` (#6580). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--preproc-defines`.
+* Deprecate sensitivity list on public_flat_rw attributes (#6443). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate clocker attribute and --clk option (#6463). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate '--make cmake' option (#6540). [Geza Lore]
+* Change default `--expand-limit` to 256 (#3419).
+* Change developer coverage flow and add configure `--enable-dev-gcov` (#6526). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `verilator_difftree` to return exit code 1 on mismatch, 2 on error.
+* Change default thread pool sizes to respect processor affinity (#6604). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `--preproc-comments` to be new name of `--pp-comments` option.
+* Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
+* Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support assert under assert (#6146). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support impure expressions in `inside` (#6562). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `case` impure expressions (#6563). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dotted access to ports of a direct hier_block instance. (#6595). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `lint_off` to allow multiple messages and comments (#2755).
+* Improve automatic selection of logic for DFG synthesis (#6370). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `covergroup with function sample` handling  (#6387). [Jakub Wasilewski]
+* Improve DFG type system (#6390). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve DFG variable removal and temporary insertion (#6401). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve memory usage of statistics (#6513). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve conditional merging to preserve branch prediction. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize duplicate 'if' and '?:' conditions (#3807) (#6495)
+* Optimize dead functions in more cases (#6380) (#6430). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize constant folding in wide expression expansion (#6381). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--trace-max-width` and increase to 4096. (#2385).
+* Fix missing BLKSEQ when connecting module port to array (#2973).
+* Fix LATCH warning with CASEINCOMPLETE (#3301).
+* Fix unused parameterized class causing internal error (#4013). [Alberto Del Rio]
+* Fix false CONSTVAR error on initializers (#4992).
+* Fix hierarchical references with parameterized modules and interfaces (#5649) (#6566). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface exposure with `--public-depth` or `--trace-depth` (#5758).
+* Fix cell scoping performance (#6059). [Jerry Tianchen]
+* Fix hierarchical `--prof-pgo` (#6213). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix while loop hang on timing-delayed assignment (#6343) (#6354). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driver analysis of partially assigned variables (#6364) (#6378). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Hash MacOS ambiguity (#6350). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix cmake APPLE variable (#6351). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix randomize local after parameters applied (#6371). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix package imports not found after parameters applied (#6373). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix deep shift pattern performance (#6379) (#6420). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix COVERAGEIGN-ignored `get_inst_coverage` and other covergroup methods (#6383). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix error when modport variable is unresolved (#6386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix resolving parameters (#6388) (#6418) (#6421) (#6438) (#6429). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wire array with initial assignment (#6391). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix import of class with default params (#6396) (#6410) (#6413). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use after free in elaboration (#6403). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix address sanitizer issues (#6406). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing control under fork under function (#6407). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leaks and reduce requirements (#6411) (#6417) (#6419) (#6437) (#6439) (#6517). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameter implicit type from string (#6414). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix parsing for sequence expressions (#6427). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class super functions (#6431) (#6438). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix external function declarations with class typedef references (#6433).
+* Fix internal error on out-of-bounds real array access.
+* Fix pre/post increments in assertions (#6434).
+* Fix elaboration displays with `%m` and some `%p` (#6445) (#6451). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix cast in gdbinit.py (#6447). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false unique assertions on `else ;` (#6450). [Don Owen]
+* Fix loss of clock attribute in DFG variable removal (#6453). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix data types of method calls without parenthesis (#6457). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segfault on unsupported PLI calls (#6458). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false assertion failure on failed DFG driver tracing (#6459). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix side effects when using select (#6460). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix timeprecision backward assignment (#6469). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix splitting hierarchically referenced variables (#6475). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows compilation of Verilator with spaces in the path (#6477). [Fabian Keßler-Schulz]
+* Fix PROTOTYPEMIS error on implicit logic (#6482). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix configure misdetecting C++14 (#6488) (#6515). [Thomas O'Keeffe]
+* Fix false BLKSEQ on non-edged sensitivity list (#6492). [Oron Port]
+* Fix .vlt public_flat* and others to support long identifier names (#6516). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix always_ff on constants (#6519). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix fault on operations on uninitialized strings (#6520). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix find_index methods of associative arrays (#6525). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parsing of `eventually[]` and property expression memory leaks (#6530). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak for unsupported `$past` (#6535). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix inconsistent force assignment (#6541). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing with partial assignments. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix passing typedef value as parameter (#6543) (#6547). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix indent error on quoted strings (#6544).
+* Fix incorrect nested interface-class error (#6549). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix std::process::get_randstate to not affect random stability (#6550) (#6565). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix exit code signal number reporting (#6554). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$finish` inside fork blocks (#6555). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix single element unpacked array DPI parameters. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG synthesis non-determinism (#6557) (#6568). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix side effects for improved function/task/process purity (#6559). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix excessive logic replication in DFG circular driver tracing (#6561) (#6594). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical with parameterized instances under hier block (#6572). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault on type casts (#6574). [David Moberg]
+* Fix references to interfaces containing generate blocks (#6579). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix missing net type mappings in FST traces (#6582) (#6583). [Matt Stroud]
+* Fix function call expression coverage (#6589). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3Life eliminating assignments across timing controls (#6593) (#6596). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix incorrectly resuming process waiting on multiple events (#6597). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--hierarchical` with `--binary` (#6602). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix mis-ignoring virtual interface member triggers (#5116 reopened) (#6613). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ENUMVALUE warning when overriding parameter using `-G/-pvalue` options. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `-G` and `-pvalue` with `--hierarchical`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix waiving messages with empty contents (#6610). [Yoshitomo KANEDA]
+* Fix constant-arrayed instance parameters (#6614). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
 Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
 ==========================
 
@@ -320,6 +570,7 @@ Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
 * Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
 * Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
 * Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize some DFG multiplexers (#6822). [Yangyu Chen]
 * Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
 * Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
@@ -5269,7 +5520,7 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========
 
-Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2001-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

Makefile.in

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test-snap test-diff:
 
 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -459,23 +460,19 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py
-
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
-CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
-CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
-
-format-c clang-format:
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
-	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
-	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
-
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
-
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \
 
 # CMake files
 CMAKE_FILES = \
@@ -494,6 +491,12 @@ MAKE_FILES = \
   src/Makefile*.in \
   test_regress/Makefile* \
 
+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
 # Python programs, subject to format and lint
 PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_ccache_report \
@@ -501,56 +504,104 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
   bin/verilator_gantt \
   bin/verilator_includer \
   bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-  docs/guide/conf.py \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
   docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
+  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
+  nodist/dot_importer \
+  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
+  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
+  nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
+  nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
   src/astgen \
   src/bisonpre \
   src/config_rev \
   src/flexfix \
   src/vlcovgen \
-  src/.gdbinit.py \
   test_regress/*.py \
   test_regress/t/*.pf \
-  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-  nodist/code_coverage \
-  nodist/dot_importer \
-  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
-  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
-  nodist/install_test \
-  nodist/log_changes \
 
 # Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
   $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-  nodist/code_coverage.dat \
   test_regress/t/*.py \
 
 # Python files, test_regress tests
 PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py
 
-YAPF = yapf3
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \
+
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
+CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
+CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
+
+format-c clang-format:
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
+
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+
+MBAKE = mbake
+MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
+
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
+	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
+
+YAPF = yapf
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
 	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
-GERSEMI = gersemi
-GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
 
-format-cmake:
-	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
 
-MBAKE = mbake
-MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
+######################################################################
+# Lint
 
-format-make:
-	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
-
-format-yaml: yamlfix
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
 
 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
@@ -561,7 +612,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -572,9 +632,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure
 
@@ -597,6 +654,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean
 
@@ -607,8 +807,8 @@ maintainer-clean::
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -622,12 +822,12 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
 	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -652,3 +852,20 @@ preexist:
 
 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"

README.rst

@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
 |badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 .. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
 .. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
 .. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
 .. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
 .. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
-    :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
 
 
 Welcome to Verilator
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
    * - **Widely Used**
         * Wide industry and academic deployment
         * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
    * - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
 What Verilator Does
 ===================
 
-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
@@ -68,21 +69,21 @@ Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
 Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
 replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
 mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
+`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork). However, if you are looking for a path to
+migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
 designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
 
 
 Performance
 ===========
 
-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).
 
 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -100,8 +101,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -137,20 +138,23 @@ Related Projects
 - `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
   simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.
 
+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+
 
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.
 
-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png

bin/redirect

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.

bin/verilator

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }
 
 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");
 
 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
           "debug"            => \&debug,
           # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
           # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
           "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
           "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
           "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
     # Generic GDB interactive
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +117,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
     # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "gdb"
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -135,19 +138,19 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
         );
 
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . $valgrind_bin
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
     # Debug
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
     # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +195,37 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
     }
+    return "";
 }
 
 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+        while (<$fh>) {
+            if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                last;
+            }
+        }
+        close($fh);
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
     if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -227,17 +246,18 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
@@ -245,8 +265,8 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +331,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
     --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
     --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
@@ -322,8 +343,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
     --cc                        Create C++ output
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
@@ -352,6 +371,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
     --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
     --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
@@ -382,11 +402,15 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
     --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
      +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
@@ -398,8 +422,10 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
     --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
     --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
     --main                      Generate C++ main() file
@@ -414,6 +440,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +notimingchecks            Ignored
      -o <executable>            Name of final executable
      -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
     --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
@@ -429,8 +457,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
     --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
     --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
     --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -448,6 +477,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
     --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
     --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
@@ -492,6 +522,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
     --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
     --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
     --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
     --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
      -V                         Verbose version and config
@@ -553,7 +584,7 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -16,18 +17,14 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}
 
 
-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
     return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 
 
@@ -53,37 +50,39 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
             match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
             if match:
                 assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
 
-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
         if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################
 
 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 
+exit_code = 0
 
-def diff(a, b):
 
+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
     if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
         diff_dir(a, b)
     elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
         diff_file(a, b)
     else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
 
     for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
         base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
     # Compare the two tree files
     short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
     short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):
 
     filterf(a, tmp_a)
     filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
     os.unlink(tmp_a)
     os.unlink(tmp_b)
 
-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2
 
 
-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
     # Remove hex numbers before diffing
     with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
         with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,8 +107,10 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
+
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
+    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
         thread = 0
+        thread_last_ecpu = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
         global ExecGraphTime
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ def read_data(filename):
                                                              tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
                     ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
                     ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
                 elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
-                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
                     start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
                     WaitingTime += tick - start
                     ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def report():
+def report() -> None:
     print("Verilator Gantt report")
 
     print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -215,12 +220,12 @@ def report():
     print()
 
 
-def report_numa():
+def report_numa() -> None:
     print("\nNUMA assignment:")
     print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])
 
 
-def report_mtasks():
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
     if not Mtasks:
         return
 
@@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))
 
 
-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
     print("\nCPU info:")
 
     Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -372,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                 Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True
 
 
-def report_sections():
+def report_sections() -> None:
     for thread, section in Sections.items():
         if section:
             print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
             report_section(section)
 
 
-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
@@ -431,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
     print("Writing %s" % filename)
     with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)
@@ -608,7 +613,7 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 # of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 # Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     funcs = {}
 
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                 calls = float(match.group(3))
                 func = match.group(4)
                 if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                 funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                 funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                 funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
     print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
     for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ else
   fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+fi
+
 install-vcddiff() {
   TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
   git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
     sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
   else
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
   export MAKE=make
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   export MAKE=gmake
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
@@ -39,23 +41,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Build verilator
 
-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -86,39 +92,36 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
   fi
 
-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-22.04' ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ 'ubuntu-24.04' ]] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
-     mv nodist "$NODIST"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
+    # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+    "$MAKE" install
+    mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
+    mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
+    export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+    TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
+    mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+    NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
+    mv nodist "$NODIST"
+    # Feeling brave?
+    find . -delete
+    ls -la .
   fi
 
   # Run the specified test
   ccache -z
   case $TESTS in
     dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
       ;;
     vltmt-0)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
@@ -129,71 +132,68 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     vltmt-2)
       "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
       ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
-      ;;
     coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     *)
       fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:
 
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:
 
--  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
 
--  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)
 
--  Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
 
 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-18 -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the start of the container:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:
 
 ::
 

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"
 
 SRCS=$PWD/verilator

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version
 
-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.
 
-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
    ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v
 
 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:
 
 ::
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.
 
 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.

ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi

ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh

@@ -11,21 +11,21 @@
 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi
 
 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi
 
 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi

codecov.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 # General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.040 2025-08-30],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.044 2026-01-01],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -57,6 +57,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
                CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)
 
+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc.  Does not affect
+                               Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -69,22 +85,27 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                 *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
                esac],
               [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi
 
-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                                For developers only.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
                esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -379,7 +400,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    ])
 
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -391,11 +412,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
   #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
   # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -433,11 +462,20 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -448,16 +486,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)
 
 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -490,7 +534,8 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
         [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
     # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
     CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -562,18 +607,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
    [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
     # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
      [_my_result=no])
    ])
 

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ Did you find a Verilator bug?
     demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.
 
   - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
@@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.
 
 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
-- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.
 
-- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:
 
   - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
     <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
 Do you have questions on Verilator?
 -----------------------------------
 
-- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
 
 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
   <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
@@ -32,14 +32,15 @@ Cameron Kirk
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
 Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
-Danny Oler
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
 Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Wasilewski
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -103,6 +105,8 @@ Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
@@ -121,6 +125,7 @@ John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
@@ -144,6 +149,7 @@ Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
 Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
@@ -160,6 +166,7 @@ Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
 Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
 Max Wipfli
 Michael Bedford Taylor
@@ -186,6 +193,7 @@ Paul Bowen-Huggett
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
 Peter Birch
@@ -226,6 +234,8 @@ Steven Hugg
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
 Tobias Jensen
@@ -266,7 +276,10 @@ Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
 Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
+apocelipes
+dependabot[bot]
 february cozzocrea
 sumpster
+em2machine
 Àlex Torregrosa
 Ícaro Lima

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.

docs/README.rst

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxExtract:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             fhw = None
             for line in fhr:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2026 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxFix:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
             self._edit(path)
 
-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
         is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             origfile = fhr.read()
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2026 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+
+       output logic c_o,
+       output logic d_o
+   );
+     assign c_o = (a_i != 0) ? 1 : 0;

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-      // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_msg.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 .. code-block::
    :emphasize-lines: 1,2
 
-   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:4 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
-       7 |    /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
-         |    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_faulty.rst

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
 
-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] b)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_faulty.rst

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 2,5
 
-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_faulty.rst

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 1,5
 
-      logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
+     logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (enable) begin
-            flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (enable) begin
+         flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_fixed.rst

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 5
 
-      logic flop2_out;
+     logic flop2_out;
 
-      always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
-         if (!reset_l) begin
-            flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
-         end
-         else if (enable) begin
-            flop2_out <= ~in;
-         end
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (!reset_l) begin
+         flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
+       end
+       else if (enable) begin
+         flop2_out <= ~in;
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_msg.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:21 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
+   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:20 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
                                                          : ... note: In instance 't'
                                                          : ... Location of variable initialization
-      26 |    logic flop_out = 1;
-         |                     ^
-                         example.v:1:10 ... Location of variable process write
-                                                         : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
-      30 |          flop_out <= ~in;
-         |          ^~~~~~~~
+      26 |   logic flop_out = 1;
+         |                    ^
+                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of variable process write
+                                                        : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
+      30 |       flop_out <= ~in;
+         |       ^~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-         #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning
+       #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_stmtdly_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:7 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing
+   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:5 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing

docs/gen/ex_SUPERNFIRST_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_class_new_supernfirst_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     function new();
+       int x = $random();
+       super.new(build_coverage(x), x);  // <--- BAD, must be first statement

docs/gen/ex_SUPERNFIRST_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_class_new_supernfirst_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-SUPERNFIRST: example.v:1:11 'super.new' must be first statement in a 'function new' (IEEE 1800-2023 8.15)

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $error("User elaboration-time error");
+       $error("User elaboration-time error");

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time error
+   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time error

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");
+       $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time fatal
+   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time fatal

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $info("User elaboration-time info");
+       $info("User elaboration-time info");

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -Info: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time info
+   -Info: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time info

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $warning("User elaboration-time warning");
+       $warning("User elaboration-time warning");

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time warning
+   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time warning

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_faulty.rst

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
+     integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
    endmodule

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_var_bad_hide_docs
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:12 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
+   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:11 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
                        example.v:1:8 ... Location of original declaration

docs/guide/changes.rst

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ****************
 Revision History
 ****************
 
-.. COMMENT above header must use ### so there is an extra level of headers
+..
+   COMMENT above header must use *** so there is an extra level of headers
    here so the index won't show the huge list of revisions when clicking on
    "Revision History" in the sidebar.
 
 Changes are contained in the :file:`Changes` file of the distribution, and
-also summarized below.  To subscribe to new versions, see `Verilator
+also summarized below. To subscribe to new versions, see `Verilator
 Announcements <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_.
 
 .. include:: ../_build/gen/Changes

docs/guide/conf.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0301,E0402,W0622
 #
 # Configuration file for Verilator's Sphinx documentation builder.
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 # This file only contains overridden options. For a full list:
@@ -63,12 +63,19 @@ rst_prolog = """
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
+#
 # To install:
 #   sudo install enchant
-#   sudo pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme breathe sphinxcontrib-spelling
-# We keep this list empty for now to avoid needing dependencies
+#   python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ~/.verilator_pyenv
+#   source ~/.verilator_pyenv/bin/activate
+#   pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe
+#
+# We keep this extensions list empty for now to avoid needing dependencies
 extensions = []
 # extensions = ['breathe', 'sphinxcontrib.spelling']
+# For website builds, this will add sphinxcontrib.jquery
+if 'VERILATOR_SPHINX_EXTENSIONS' in os.environ:
+    extensions.extend(os.environ.get('VERILATOR_SPHINX_EXTENSIONS', '').split(':'))
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
@@ -110,6 +117,8 @@ html_domain_indices = False
 html_logo = "../_static/verilator_192_150_min.png"
 
 html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+# Despite a 'WARNING: Calling get_html_theme_path is deprecated'
+# the HTML output is different without this line
 html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 
 html_theme_options = {

docs/guide/connecting.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Connecting:
+.. _connecting:
 
 ******************************
 Connecting to Verilated Models
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ Structure of the Verilated Model
 ================================
 
 Verilator outputs a :file:`{prefix}.h` header file which defines a class
-named :code:`{prefix}` which represents the generated model the user is
-supposed to instantiate.  This model class defines the interface of the
+named ``{prefix}`` which represents the generated model the user is
+supposed to instantiate. This model class defines the interface of the
 Verilated model.
 
 Verilator will additionally create a :file:`{prefix}.cpp` file, together
-with additional .h and .cpp files for internals.  See the :file:`examples`
-directory in the kit for examples.  See :ref:`Files Read/Written` for
+with additional .h and .cpp files for internals. See the :file:`examples`
+directory in the kit for examples. See :ref:`Files Read/Written` for
 information on all the files Verilator might output.
 
 The output of Verilator will contain a :file:`{prefix}.mk` file that may be
@@ -32,91 +32,89 @@ model:
   equivalents.
 
 * Public top level module instances are exposed as pointers to allow access
-  to :code:`/* verilator public */` items.
+  to ``/* verilator public */`` items.
 
-* The root of the design hierarchy (as in SystemVerilog :code:`$root`) is
-  exposed via the :code:`rootp` member pointer to allow access to model
-  internals, including :code:`/* verilator public_flat */` items.
+* The root of the design hierarchy (as in SystemVerilog ``$root``) is
+  exposed via the ``rootp`` member pointer to allow access to model
+  internals, including ``/* verilator public_flat */`` items.
 
 
-.. _Porting from pre 4.210:
+.. _porting from pre 4.210:
 
 Model interface changes in version 4.210
-------------------------------------------
+----------------------------------------
 
 Starting from version 4.210, the model class is an interface object.
 
 Up until Verilator version 4.204 inclusive, the generated model class was
 also the instance of the top level instance in the design hierarchy (what
-you would refer to with :code:`$root` in SystemVerilog).  This meant that
-all internal variables that were implemented by Verilator in the root scope
-were accessible as members of the model class itself.  Note there were often
-many such variable due to module inlining, including
-:code:`/* verilator public_flat */` items.
+you would refer to with ``$root`` in SystemVerilog). This meant that all
+internal variables that were implemented by Verilator in the root scope
+were accessible as members of the model class itself. Note there were often
+many such variable due to module inlining, including ``/* verilator
+public_flat */`` items.
 
 This means that user code that accesses internal signals in the model
-(likely including :code:`/* verilator public_flat */` signals, as they are
+(likely including ``/* verilator public_flat */`` signals, as they are
 often inlined into the root scope) will need to be updated as follows:
 
 * No change required for accessing top level IO signals. These are directly
   accessible in the model class via references.
 
-* No change required for accessing :code:`/* verilator public */` items.
-  These are directly accessible via sub-module pointers in the model class.
+* No change required for accessing ``/* verilator public */`` items. These
+  are directly accessible via sub-module pointers in the model class.
 
 * Accessing any other internal members, including
-  :code:`/* verilator public_flat */` items requires the following changes:
+  ``/* verilator public_flat */`` items requires the following changes:
 
   * Additionally include :file:`{prefix}___024root.h`. This header defines
-    type of the :code:`rootp` pointer within the model class. Note the
-    :code:`__024` substring is the Verilator escape sequence for the
-    :code:`$` character, i.e.: :code:`rootp` points to the Verilated
-    SystemVerilog :code:`$root` scope.
+    type of the ``rootp`` pointer within the model class. Note the
+    ``__024`` substring is the Verilator escape sequence for the ``$``
+    character, i.e.: ``rootp`` points to the Verilated SystemVerilog
+    ``$root`` scope.
 
-  * Replace :code:`modelp->internal->member` references with
-    :code:`modelp->rootp->internal->member` references, which
-    contain one additional indirection via the :code:`rootp` pointer.
+  * Replace ``modelp->internal->member`` references with
+    ``modelp->rootp->internal->member`` references, which contain one
+    additional indirection via the ``rootp`` pointer.
 
 
-.. _Connecting to C++:
+.. _connecting to c++:
 
 Connecting to C++
 =================
 
-In C++ output mode (:vlopt:`--cc`), the Verilator generated model class is a
-simple C++ class.  The user must write a C++ wrapper and main loop for the
+In C++ output mode (:vlopt:`--cc`), the Verilator generated model class is
+a simple C++ class. The user must write a C++ wrapper and main loop for the
 simulation, which instantiates the model class, and link with the Verilated
 model.
 
 Refer to ``examples/make_tracing_c`` in the distribution for a detailed
 commented example.
 
-Top level IO signals are read and written as members of the model.  You
-call the model's :code:`eval()` method to evaluate the model.  When the
-simulation is complete call the model's :code:`final()` method to execute
-any SystemVerilog final blocks, and complete any assertions. If using
-:vlopt:`--timing`, there are two additional functions for checking if
-there are any events pending in the simulation due to delays, and for
-retrieving the simulation time of the next delayed event. See
-:ref:`Evaluation Loop`.
-
+Top level IO signals are read and written as members of the model. You call
+the model's ``eval()`` method to evaluate the model. When the simulation is
+complete call the model's ``final()`` method to execute any SystemVerilog
+final blocks, and complete any assertions. If using :vlopt:`--timing`,
+there are two additional functions for checking if there are any events
+pending in the simulation due to delays, and for retrieving the simulation
+time of the next delayed event. See :ref:`Evaluation Loop`.
 
 
 Connecting to SystemC
 =====================
 
 In SystemC output mode (:vlopt:`--sc`), the Verilator generated model class
-is a SystemC SC_MODULE.  This module will attach directly into a SystemC
+is a SystemC SC_MODULE. This module will attach directly into a SystemC
 netlist as an instantiation.
 
 The SC_MODULE gets the same pinout as the Verilog module, with the
-following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool.  Pins 2-32
-bits wide become uint32_t's.  Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or
-uint64_t's depending on the :vlopt:`--no-pins64` option.  Wider pins
-become sc_bv's.  (Uints simulate the fastest so are used where possible.)
+following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool. Pins 2-32
+bits wide become uint32_t's. Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or
+uint64_t's depending on the :vlopt:`--no-pins64` option. Wider pins become
+sc_bv's. (Uints simulate the fastest so are used where possible.)
 
 Model internals, including lower level sub-modules are not pure SystemC
-code.  This is a feature, as using the SystemC pin interconnect scheme
+code. This is a feature, as using the SystemC pin interconnect scheme
 everywhere would reduce performance by an order of magnitude.
 
 
@@ -124,41 +122,42 @@ Verilated API
 =============
 
 The API to a Verilated model is the C++ headers in the include/ directory
-in the distribution.  These headers use Doxygen comments, `///` and `//<`,
+in the distribution. These headers use Doxygen comments, `///` and `//<`,
 to indicate and document those functions that are part of the Verilated
 public API.
 
 Process-Level Clone APIs
---------------------------
+------------------------
 
-Modern operating systems support process-level clone (a.k.a copying, forking)
-with system call interfaces in C/C++, e.g., :code:`fork()` in Linux.
+Modern operating systems support process-level clone (a.k.a copying,
+forking) with system call interfaces in C/C++, e.g., ``fork()`` in Linux.
 
 However, after cloning a parent process, some resources cannot be inherited
-in the child process. For example, in POSIX systems, when you fork a process,
-the child process inherits all the memory of the parent process. However,
-only the thread that called fork is replicated in the child process. Other
-threads are not.
+in the child process. For example, in POSIX systems, when you fork a
+process, the child process inherits all the memory of the parent process.
+However, only the thread that called fork is replicated in the child
+process. Other threads are not.
 
-Therefore, to support the process-level clone mechanisms, Verilator supports
-:code:`prepareClone()` and :code:`atClone()` APIs to allow the user to manually
-re-construct the model in the child process. The two APIs handle all necessary
-resources required for releasing and re-initializing before and after cloning.
+Therefore, to support the process-level clone mechanisms, Verilator
+supports ``prepareClone()`` and ``atClone()`` APIs to allow the user to
+manually re-construct the model in the child process. The two APIs handle
+all necessary resources required for releasing and re-initializing before
+and after cloning.
 
-The two APIs are supported in the verilated models. Here is an example of usage
-with Linux :code:`fork()` and :code:`pthread_atfork` APIs:
+The two APIs are supported in the verilated models. Here is an example of
+usage with Linux ``fork()`` and ``pthread_atfork`` APIs:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-    // static function pointers to fit pthread_atfork
-    static auto prepareClone = [](){ topp->prepareClone(); };
-    static auto atClone = [](){ topp->atClone(); };
+   // static function pointers to fit pthread_atfork
+   static auto prepareClone = [](){ topp->prepareClone(); };
+   static auto atClone = [](){ topp->atClone(); };
 
-    // in main function, register the handlers:
-    pthread_atfork(prepareClone, atClone, atClone);
+   // in main function, register the handlers:
+   pthread_atfork(prepareClone, atClone, atClone);
 
 For better flexibility, you can also manually call the handlers before and
-after :code:`fork()`.
+after ``fork()``.
 
 With the process-level clone APIs, users can create process-level snapshots
 for the verilated models. While the Verilator save/restore option provides
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ Direct Programming Interface (DPI)
 ==================================
 
 Verilator supports SystemVerilog Direct Programming Interface import and
-export statements.  Only the SystemVerilog form ("DPI-C") is supported, not
+export statements. Only the SystemVerilog form ("DPI-C") is supported, not
 the original Synopsys-only DPI.
 
 DPI Example
@@ -181,76 +180,76 @@ Verilog, put in our.v:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-    import "DPI-C" function int add (input int a, input int b);
+   import "DPI-C" function int add (input int a, input int b);
 
-    initial begin
-       $display("%x + %x = %x", 1, 2, add(1,2));
-    endtask
+   initial begin
+     $display("%x + %x = %x", 1, 2, add(1,2));
+   endtask
 
 Then after Verilating, Verilator will create a file Vour__Dpi.h with the
 prototype to call this function:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     extern int add(int a, int b);
+   extern int add(int a, int b);
 
 From the sc_main.cpp file (or another .cpp file passed to the Verilator
 command line, or the link), you'd then:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     #include "svdpi.h"
-     #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
-     int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; }
+   #include "svdpi.h"
+   #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
+   int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; }
 
 
 DPI System Task/Functions
 -------------------------
 
 Verilator extends the DPI format to allow using the same scheme to
-efficiently add system functions.  Use a dollar-sign prefixed system
+efficiently add system functions. Use a dollar-sign prefixed system
 function name for the import, but note it must be escaped.
 
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-    export "DPI-C" function integer \$myRand;
+   export "DPI-C" function integer \$myRand;
 
-    initial $display("myRand=%d", $myRand());
+   initial $display("myRand=%d", $myRand());
 
 Going the other direction, you can export Verilog tasks so they can be
 called from C++:
 
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-    export "DPI-C" task publicSetBool;
+   export "DPI-C" task publicSetBool;
 
-    task publicSetBool;
-       input bit in_bool;
-       var_bool = in_bool;
-    endtask
+   task publicSetBool;
+     input bit in_bool;
+     var_bool = in_bool;
+   endtask
 
 Then after Verilating, Verilator will create a file Vour__Dpi.h with the
 prototype to call this function:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     extern void publicSetBool(svBit in_bool);
+   extern void publicSetBool(svBit in_bool);
 
 From the sc_main.cpp file, you'd then:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
-     publicSetBool(value);
+   #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
+   publicSetBool(value);
 
-Or, alternatively, call the function under the design class.  This isn't
-DPI compatible but is easier to read and better supports multiple designs.
+Or, alternatively, call the function under the design class. This isn't DPI
+compatible but is easier to read and better supports multiple designs.
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
-     Vour::publicSetBool(value);
-     // or top->publicSetBool(value);
+   #include "Vour__Dpi.h"
+   Vour::publicSetBool(value);
+   // or top->publicSetBool(value);
 
 Note that if the DPI task or function accesses any register or net within
 the RTL, it will require a scope to be set. This can be done using the
@@ -263,11 +262,11 @@ with respect to that top level module, then the scope could be set with
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-     #include "svdpi.h"
-     ...
-     const svScope scope = svGetScopeFromName("TOP.dut");
-     assert(scope);  // Check for nullptr if scope not found
-     svSetScope(scope);
+   #include "svdpi.h"
+   ...
+   const svScope scope = svGetScopeFromName("TOP.dut");
+   assert(scope);  // Check for nullptr if scope not found
+   svSetScope(scope);
 
 (Remember that Verilator adds a "TOP" to the top of the module hierarchy.)
 
@@ -282,24 +281,24 @@ DPI Imports that access signals
 
 If a DPI import accesses a signal through the VPI Verilator will not be
 able to know what variables are accessed and may schedule the code
-inappropriately.  Ideally pass the values as inputs/outputs so the VPI is
-not required.  Alternatively a workaround is to use a non-inlined task as a
+inappropriately. Ideally pass the values as inputs/outputs so the VPI is
+not required. Alternatively a workaround is to use a non-inlined task as a
 wrapper:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-     logic din;
+   logic din;
 
-     // This DPI function will read "din"
-     import "DPI-C" context function void dpi_that_accesses_din();
+   // This DPI function will read "din"
+   import "DPI-C" context function void dpi_that_accesses_din();
 
-     always @(...)
-        dpi_din_args(din);
+   always @(...)
+     dpi_din_args(din);
 
-     task dpi_din_args(input din);
-        /* verilator no_inline_task */
-        dpi_that_accesses_din();
-     endtask
+   task dpi_din_args(input din);
+     // verilator no_inline_task
+     dpi_that_accesses_din();
+   endtask
 
 
 DPI Display Functions
@@ -309,8 +308,8 @@ Verilator allows writing $display like functions using this syntax:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-    import "DPI-C" function void
-          \$my_display(input string formatted /*verilator sformat*/ );
+   import "DPI-C" function void
+     \$my_display(input string formatted /*verilator sformat*/ );
 
 The :option:`/*verilator&32;sformat*/` metacomment indicates that this
 function accepts a $display like format specifier followed by any number of
@@ -320,14 +319,14 @@ arguments to satisfy the format.
 DPI Context Functions
 ---------------------
 
-Verilator supports IEEE DPI Context Functions.  Context imports pass the
+Verilator supports IEEE DPI Context Functions. Context imports pass the
 simulator context, including calling scope name, and filename and line
-number to the C code.  For example, in Verilog:
+number to the C code. For example, in Verilog:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-    import "DPI-C" context function int dpic_line();
-    initial $display("This is line %d, again, line %d\n", `line, dpic_line());
+   import "DPI-C" context function int dpic_line();
+   initial $display("This is line %d, again, line %d\n", `line, dpic_line());
 
 This will call C++ code which may then use the svGet\* functions to read
 information, in this case the line number of the Verilog statement that
@@ -335,22 +334,22 @@ invoked the dpic_line function:
 
 .. code-block:: C++
 
-    int dpic_line() {
-        // Get a scope:  svScope scope = svGetScope();
+   int dpic_line() {
+       // Get a scope:  svScope scope = svGetScope();
 
-        const char* scopenamep = svGetNameFromScope(scope);
-        assert(scopenamep);
+       const char* scopenamep = svGetNameFromScope(scope);
+       assert(scopenamep);
 
-        const char* filenamep = "";
-        int lineno = 0;
-        if (svGetCallerInfo(&filenamep, &lineno)) {
-            printf("dpic_line called from scope %s on line %d\n",
-               scopenamep, lineno);
-            return lineno;
-        } else {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
+       const char* filenamep = "";
+       int lineno = 0;
+       if (svGetCallerInfo(&filenamep, &lineno)) {
+           printf("dpic_line called from scope %s on line %d\n",
+              scopenamep, lineno);
+           return lineno;
+       } else {
+           return 0;
+       }
+   }
 
 See the IEEE Standard for more information.
 
@@ -359,13 +358,12 @@ DPI Header Isolation
 --------------------
 
 Verilator places the IEEE standard header files such as svdpi.h into a
-separate include directory, vltstd (VeriLaTor STandarD).  When compiling
+separate include directory, vltstd (VeriLaTor STandarD). When compiling
 most applications $VERILATOR_ROOT/include/vltstd would be in the include
-path along with the normal $VERILATOR_ROOT/include.  However, when
-compiling Verilated models into other simulators which have their own
-svdpi.h and similar standard files with different contents, the vltstd
-directory should not be included to prevent picking up incompatible
-definitions.
+path along with the normal $VERILATOR_ROOT/include. However, when compiling
+Verilated models into other simulators which have their own svdpi.h and
+similar standard files with different contents, the vltstd directory should
+not be included to prevent picking up incompatible definitions.
 
 
 Public Functions
@@ -378,24 +376,23 @@ are slightly faster, but less compatible.
 Verification Procedural Interface (VPI)
 =======================================
 
-Verilator supports a limited subset of the VPI.  This subset allows
+Verilator supports a limited subset of the VPI. This subset allows
 inspection, examination, value change callbacks, and depositing of values
 to public signals only.
 
 VPI is enabled with the Verilator :vlopt:`--vpi` option.
 
 To access signals via the VPI, Verilator must be told exactly which signals
-are to be accessed.  This is done using the Verilator public pragmas
+are to be accessed. This is done using the Verilator public pragmas
 documented below.
 
 Verilator has an important difference from an event based simulator; signal
 values that are changed by the VPI will not immediately propagate their
-values, instead the top level header file's :code:`eval()` method must be
-called.  Normally this would be part of the normal evaluation (i.e. the
-next clock edge), not as part of the value change.  This makes the
-performance of VPI routines extremely fast compared to event based
-simulators, but can confuse some test-benches that expect immediate
-propagation.
+values, instead the top level header file's ``eval()`` method must be
+called. Normally this would be part of the normal evaluation (i.e. the next
+clock edge), not as part of the value change. This makes the performance of
+VPI routines extremely fast compared to event based simulators, but can
+confuse some test-benches that expect immediate propagation.
 
 Note the VPI by its specified implementation will always be much slower
 than accessing the Verilator values by direct reference
@@ -405,132 +402,131 @@ while the direct references are evaluated by the compiler and result in
 only a couple of instructions.
 
 For signal callbacks to work the main loop of the program must call
-:code:`VerilatedVpi::callValueCbs()`.
+``VerilatedVpi::callValueCbs()``.
 
-Verilator also tracks when the model state has been modified via the VPI with
-an :code:`evalNeeded` flag.  This flag can be checked with :code:`VerilatedVpi::evalNeeded()`
-and it can be cleared with :code:`VerilatedVpi::clearEvalNeeded()`.  Used together
-it is possible to skip :code:`eval()` calls if no model state has been changed
-since the last :code:`eval()`.
+Verilator also tracks when the model state has been modified via the VPI
+with an ``evalNeeded`` flag. This flag can be checked with
+``VerilatedVpi::evalNeeded()`` and it can be cleared with
+``VerilatedVpi::clearEvalNeeded()``. Used together it is possible to skip
+``eval()`` calls if no model state has been changed since the last
+``eval()``.
 
-Any data written via :code:`vpi_put_value` with :code:`vpiInertialDelay` will
-be deferred for later.  These delayed values can be flushed to the model with
-:code:`VerilatedVpi::doInertialPuts()`.
+Any data written via ``vpi_put_value`` with ``vpiInertialDelay`` will be
+deferred for later. These delayed values can be flushed to the model with
+``VerilatedVpi::doInertialPuts()``.
 
 
-.. _VPI Example:
+.. _vpi example:
 
 VPI Example
 -----------
 
-In the below example, we have readme marked read-only, and writeme which if
-written from outside the model will have the same semantics as if it
-changed on the specified clock edge.
+In the below example, we have readme marked read-only, and writeme marked
+read-write which if written from outside the model will have the same
+semantics as if it was a top level input.
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     cat >our.v <<'EOF'
-       module our #(
-          parameter WIDTH /*verilator public_flat_rd*/ = 32
-       ) (input clk);
-          reg [WIDTH-1:0] readme   /*verilator public_flat_rd*/;
-          reg [WIDTH-1:0] writeme  /*verilator public_flat_rw @(posedge clk) */;
-          initial $finish;
-       endmodule
-     EOF
+   cat >our.v <<'EOF'
+     module our #(
+        parameter WIDTH /*verilator public_flat_rd*/ = 32
+     ) (input clk);
+       reg [WIDTH-1:0] readme   /*verilator public_flat_rd*/;
+       reg [WIDTH-1:0] writeme  /*verilator public_flat_rw*/;
+       initial $finish;
+     endmodule
+   EOF
 
 There are many online tutorials and books on the VPI, but an example that
 accesses the above signal "readme" would be:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     cat >sim_main.cpp <<'EOF'
-       #include "Vour.h"
-       #include "verilated.h"
-       #include "verilated_vpi.h"  // Required to get definitions
+   cat >sim_main.cpp <<'EOF'
+     #include "Vour.h"
+     #include "verilated.h"
+     #include "verilated_vpi.h"  // Required to get definitions
 
-       uint64_t main_time = 0;   // See comments in first example
-       double sc_time_stamp() { return main_time; }
+     uint64_t main_time = 0;   // See comments in first example
+     double sc_time_stamp() { return main_time; }
 
-       void read_and_check() {
-           vpiHandle vh1 = vpi_handle_by_name((PLI_BYTE8*)"TOP.our.readme", NULL);
-           if (!vh1) vl_fatal(__FILE__, __LINE__, "sim_main", "No handle found");
-           const char* name = vpi_get_str(vpiName, vh1);
-           const char* type = vpi_get_str(vpiType, vh1);
-           const int size = vpi_get(vpiSize, vh1);
-           printf("register name: %s, type: %s, size: %d\n", name, type, size);  // Prints "register name: readme, type: vpiReg, size: 32"
+     void read_and_check() {
+         vpiHandle vh1 = vpi_handle_by_name((PLI_BYTE8*)"TOP.our.readme", NULL);
+         if (!vh1) vl_fatal(__FILE__, __LINE__, "sim_main", "No handle found");
+         const char* name = vpi_get_str(vpiName, vh1);
+         const char* type = vpi_get_str(vpiType, vh1);
+         const int size = vpi_get(vpiSize, vh1);
+         printf("register name: %s, type: %s, size: %d\n", name, type, size);  // Prints "register name: readme, type: vpiReg, size: 32"
 
-           s_vpi_value v;
-           v.format = vpiIntVal;
-           vpi_get_value(vh1, &v);
-           printf("Value of %s: %d\n", name, v.value.integer);  // Prints "Value of readme: 0"
-       }
+         s_vpi_value v;
+         v.format = vpiIntVal;
+         vpi_get_value(vh1, &v);
+         printf("Value of %s: %d\n", name, v.value.integer);  // Prints "Value of readme: 0"
+     }
 
-       int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-           Verilated::commandArgs(argc, argv);
-           const std::unique_ptr<VerilatedContext> contextp{new VerilatedContext};
-           const std::unique_ptr<Vour> top{new Vour{contextp.get()}};
+     int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+         Verilated::commandArgs(argc, argv);
+         const std::unique_ptr<VerilatedContext> contextp{new VerilatedContext};
+         const std::unique_ptr<Vour> top{new Vour{contextp.get()}};
 
-           contextp->internalsDump();  // See scopes to help debug
-           while (!contextp->gotFinish()) {
-               top->eval();
-               VerilatedVpi::callValueCbs();  // For signal callbacks
-               read_and_check();
-           }
-           return 0;
-       }
-     EOF
+         contextp->internalsDump();  // See scopes to help debug
+         while (!contextp->gotFinish()) {
+             top->eval();
+             VerilatedVpi::callValueCbs();  // For signal callbacks
+             read_and_check();
+         }
+         return 0;
+     }
+   EOF
 
 
-.. _Evaluation Loop:
+.. _evaluation loop:
 
 Wrappers and Model Evaluation Loop
 ==================================
 
 When using SystemC, evaluation of the Verilated model is managed by the
-SystemC kernel, and for the most part can be ignored.  When using C++, the
-user must call :code:`eval()`, or :code:`eval_step()` and
-:code:`eval_end_step()`.
+SystemC kernel, and for the most part can be ignored. When using C++, the
+user must call ``eval()``, or ``eval_step()`` and ``eval_end_step()``.
 
 1. When there is a single design instantiated at the C++ level that needs
-to evaluate within a given context, call :code:`designp->eval()`.
+to evaluate within a given context, call ``designp->eval()``.
 
 2. When there are multiple designs instantiated at the C++ level that need
-to evaluate within a context, call :code:`first_designp->eval_step()` then
-:code:`->eval_step()` on all other designs.  Then call
-:code:`->eval_end_step()` on the first design then all other designs.  If
-there is only a single design, you would call :code:`eval_step()` then
-:code:`eval_end_step()`; in fact :code:`eval()` described above is just a
-wrapper which calls these two functions.
+to evaluate within a context, call ``first_designp->eval_step()`` then
+``->eval_step()`` on all other designs. Then call ``->eval_end_step()`` on
+the first design then all other designs. If there is only a single design,
+you would call ``eval_step()`` then ``eval_end_step()``; in fact ``eval()``
+described above is just a wrapper which calls these two functions.
 
 3. If using delays and :vlopt:`--timing`, there are two additional methods
 the user should call:
 
-   * :code:`designp->eventsPending()`, which returns :code:`true` if there are
-     any delayed events pending,
-   * :code:`designp->nextTimeSlot()`, which returns the simulation time of the
+   * ``designp->eventsPending()``, which returns ``true`` if there are any
+     delayed events pending,
+   * ``designp->nextTimeSlot()``, which returns the simulation time of the
      next delayed event. This method can only be called if
-     :code:`designp->eventsPending()` returned :code:`true`.
+     ``designp->eventsPending()`` returned ``true``.
 
-Call :code:`eventsPending()` to check if you should continue with the
-simulation, and then :code:`nextTimeSlot()` to move simulation time forward.
-:vlopt:`--main` can be used with :vlopt:`--timing` to generate a basic example
-of a timing-enabled eval loop.
+Call ``eventsPending()`` to check if you should continue with the
+simulation, and then ``nextTimeSlot()`` to move simulation time forward.
+:vlopt:`--main` can be used with :vlopt:`--timing` to generate a basic
+example of a timing-enabled eval loop.
 
-When :code:`eval()` (or :code:`eval_step()`) is called Verilator looks for
-changes in clock signals and evaluates related sequential always blocks,
-such as computing always_ff @ (posedge...) outputs. With :vlopt:`--timing`, it
+When ``eval()`` (or ``eval_step()``) is called Verilator looks for changes
+in clock signals and evaluates related sequential always blocks, such as
+computing always_ff @ (posedge...) outputs. With :vlopt:`--timing`, it
 resumes any delayed processes awaiting the current simulation time. Then
 Verilator evaluates combinational logic.
 
 Note combinatorial logic is not computed before sequential always blocks
 are computed (for speed reasons). Therefore it is best to set any non-clock
-inputs up with a separate :code:`eval()` call before changing clocks.
+inputs up with a separate ``eval()`` call before changing clocks.
 
 Alternatively, if all always_ff statements use only the posedge of clocks,
 or all inputs go directly to always_ff statements, as is typical, then you
 can change non-clock inputs on the negative edge of the input clock, which
-will be faster as there will be fewer :code:`eval()` calls.
+will be faster as there will be fewer ``eval()`` calls.
 
 For more information on evaluation, see :file:`docs/internals.rst` in the
 distribution.
@@ -540,18 +536,18 @@ Verilated and VerilatedContext
 ==============================
 
 Multiple C++ Verilated models may be part of the same simulation context,
-that is share a VPI interface, sense of time, and common settings.  This
+that is share a VPI interface, sense of time, and common settings. This
 common simulation context information is stored in a ``VerilatedContext``
-structure.  If a ``VerilatedContext`` is not created prior to creating a
-model, a default global one is created automatically.  SystemC requires
+structure. If a ``VerilatedContext`` is not created prior to creating a
+model, a default global one is created automatically. SystemC requires
 using only the single, default VerilatedContext.
 
 The ``Verilated::`` methods, including the ``Verilated::commandArgs`` call
 shown above, call VerilatedContext methods using the default global
-VerilatedContext.  (Technically they operate on the last one used by a
-given thread.)  If you are using multiple simulation contexts you should
-not use the Verilated:: methods, and instead always use VerilatedContext
-methods called on the appropriate VerilatedContext object.
+VerilatedContext. (Technically they operate on the last one used by a given
+thread.) If you are using multiple simulation contexts you should not use
+the Verilated:: methods, and instead always use VerilatedContext methods
+called on the appropriate VerilatedContext object.
 
 For methods available under Verilated and VerilatedContext see
 :file:`include/verilated.h` in the distribution.

docs/guide/contributing.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *******************************
@@ -19,50 +19,50 @@ Reporting Bugs
 
 First, check the :ref:`Language Limitations` section.
 
-Next, try the :vlopt:`--debug` option.  This will enable additional
-internal assertions, and may help identify the problem.
+Next, try the :vlopt:`--debug` option. This will enable additional internal
+assertions, and may help identify the problem.
 
 Finally, reduce your code to the smallest possible routine that exhibits
-the bug (see: :ref:`Minimizing bug-inducing code`).  Even better, create
-a test in the :file:`test_regress/t` directory, as follows:
+the bug (see: :ref:`Minimizing bug-inducing code`). Even better, create a
+test in the :file:`test_regress/t` directory, as follows:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-       cd test_regress
-       cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.py t/t_BUG.py
-       cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.v t/t_BUG.v
+   cd test_regress
+   cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.py t/t_BUG.py
+   cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.v t/t_BUG.v
 
 There are many hints on how to write a good test in the
 :file:`test_regress/driver.py` documentation which can be seen by running:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-       cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
-       test_regress/driver.py --help
+   cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
+   test_regress/driver.py --help
 
 Edit :file:`t/t_BUG.py` to suit your example; you can do anything you want
 in the Verilog code there; just make sure it retains the single clk input
-and no outputs.  Now, the following should fail:
+and no outputs. Now, the following should fail:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-       cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
-       cd test_regress
-       t/t_BUG.py  # Run on Verilator
-       t/t_BUG.py --debug # Run on Verilator, passing --debug to Verilator
-       t/t_BUG.py --vcs  # Run on VCS simulator
-       t/t_BUG.py --nc|--iv|--ghdl  # Likewise on other simulators
+   cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
+   cd test_regress
+   t/t_BUG.py  # Run on Verilator
+   t/t_BUG.py --debug # Run on Verilator, passing --debug to Verilator
+   t/t_BUG.py --vcs  # Run on VCS simulator
+   t/t_BUG.py --nc|--iv|--ghdl  # Likewise on other simulators
 
 The test driver accepts a number of options, many of which mirror the main
 Verilator options. For example the previous test could have been run with
-debugging enabled.  The full set of test options can be seen by running
+debugging enabled. The full set of test options can be seen by running
 :command:`driver.py --help` as shown above.
 
 Finally, report the bug at `Verilator Issues
-<https://verilator.org/issues>`_.  The bug will become publicly visible; if
+<https://verilator.org/issues>`_. The bug will become publicly visible; if
 this is unacceptable, mail the bug report to ``[email protected]``.
 
-.. _Minimizing bug-inducing code:
+.. _minimizing bug-inducing code:
 
 Minimizing bug-inducing code
 ============================
@@ -73,13 +73,14 @@ caused by a complex interaction of many parts of the design, and it is not
 clear which parts are necessary to reproduce the bug. In these cases, an
 Open Source tool called `sv-bugpoint
 <https://github.com/antmicro/sv-bugpoint>`_ can be used to automatically
-reduce a SystemVerilog design to the smallest possible reproducer.
-It can be used to automatically reduce a design with hundreds of thousands of
+reduce a SystemVerilog design to the smallest possible reproducer. It can
+be used to automatically reduce a design with hundreds of thousands of
 lines to a minimal test case while preserving the bug-inducing behavior.
 
-With :vlopt:`--debug`, Verilator will write a *{prefix}*\ __inputs\ .vpp
-file which has all of the individual input files combined and
-pre-processed, this is often useful as the input design into `sv-bugpoint`.
+With :vlopt:`--debug` or :vlopt:`--dump-inputs`, Verilator will write a
+*{prefix}*\ __inputs.vpp file which has all of the individual input files
+combined and pre-processed, this is often useful as the input design into
+`sv-bugpoint`.
 
 Please refer to `sv-bugpoint README
 <https://github.com/antmicro/sv-bugpoint/blob/main/README.md>`_ for more
@@ -87,4 +88,5 @@ information on how to use `sv-bugpoint`.
 
 .. Contributing
 .. ============
+
 .. include:: ../CONTRIBUTING.rst

docs/guide/contributors.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ************************
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ When possible, please instead report bugs at `Verilator Issues
 
 The primary author is Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.
 
-Major concepts by Paul Wasson, Duane Galbi, John Coiner, Geza Lore, Yutetsu
-Takatsukasa, and Jie Xu.
+Major concepts by Krzysztof Bieganski, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Geza Lore,
+Ryszard Rozak, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Paul Wasson, and Jie Xu.
 
 
 Contributors
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@ Alliance <https://chipsalliance.org>`_, and `Antmicro Ltd
 
 Previous major corporate sponsors of Verilator, by providing significant
 contributions of time or funds include: Antmicro Ltd., Atmel Corporation,
-Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Embecosm Ltd., Hicamp
-Systems, Intel Corporation, Marvell Inc., Mindspeed Technologies Inc.,
-MicroTune Inc., picoChip Designs Ltd., Sun Microsystems Inc., Nauticus
-Networks Inc., SiCortex Inc, Shunyao CAD, and Western Digital Inc.
+Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Embecosm Ltd., Fractile
+Ltd., Hicamp Systems, Intel Corporation, Marvell Inc., Mindspeed
+Technologies Inc., MicroTune Inc., picoChip Designs Ltd., Sun Microsystems
+Inc., Nauticus Networks Inc., SiCortex Inc, Shunyao CAD, and Western
+Digital Inc.
 
 The contributors of major functionality are: Jeremy Bennett, Krzysztof
 Bieganski, Byron Bradley, Lane Brooks, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Arkadiusz
@@ -41,133 +42,158 @@ Paul Wasson, Jie Xu, and Wilson Snyder.
 Some of the people who have provided ideas, and feedback for Verilator
 include:
 
-David Addison, Tariq B. Ahmad, Nikana Anastasiadis, John David Anglin,
-Frederic Antonin, Hans Van Antwerpen, Vasu Arasanipalai, Jens Arm, Rohan
-Arshid, Valentin Atepalikhin, Philip Axer, Gökçe Aydos, Chris Bachhuber,
-Filip Badáň, Adam Bagley, Sharad Bagri, James Bailey, Robert Balas, Marco
-Balboni, Matthew Ballance, Ricardo Barbedo, Andrew Bardsley, Ilya Barkov,
-Matthew Barr, Geoff Barrett, Kaleb Barrett, Daniel Bates, Julius Baxter,
-Michael Berman, Jean Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Narayan Bhagavatula,
-Moinak Bhattacharyya, Kritik Bhimani, David Biancolin, Krzysztof Bieganski,
-Michael Bikovitsky, David Binderman, Piotr Binkowski, Johan Björk, David
-Black, Tymoteusz Blazejczyk, Scott Bleiweiss, David van der Bokke, Daniel
-Bone, Guy Bonneau, Krzysztof Boroński, Gregg Bouchard, Christopher
-Boumenot, Paul Bowen-Huggett, Nick Bowler, Bryan Brady, Maarten De
-Braekeleer, Liam Braun, Charlie Brej, J Briquet, John Brownlee, KC
-Buckenmaier, Gijs Burghoorn, Jeff Bush, Lawrence Butcher, Tony Bybell, Iru
-Cai, Ted Campbell, Anthony Campos, Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Gregory
-Carver, Donal Casey, Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe, Alex Chadwick, Greg
-Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei Chapyzhenka, Chih-Mao Chen, Guokai Chen,
-Kefa Chen, Terry Chen, Yangyu Chen, Yi-Chung Chen, Yurii Cherkasov,
-Hennadii Chernyshchyk, Enzo Chi, Bartłomiej Chmiel, Robert A. Clark, Ryan
-Clarke, Allan Cochrane, Keith Colbert, Quentin Corradi, Nassim Corteggiani,
-Gianfranco Costamagna, February Cozzocrea, Sean Cross, George Cuan, Michal
-Czyz, Joe DErrico, Jim Dai, Lukasz Dalek, Laurens van Dam, Gunter
-Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Julian Daube, Greg Davill, Bernard Deadman,
-Peter Debacker, Josse Van Delm, John Demme, Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip
-Derrick, Aadi Desai, John Dickol, Ruben Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan
-Djordjevic, Brad Dobbie, Paul Donahue, Jonathon Donaldson, Anthony Donlon,
-Caleb Donovick, Larry Doolittle, Leendert van Doorn, Sebastian Dressler,
-Jonathan Drolet, Justin Yao Du, Maciej Dudek, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton,
-Tomas Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler,
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne, Mats Engstrom, Robert Farrell, Julien
-Faucher, Olivier Faure, Eugene Feinberg, Eugen Fekete, Fabrizio Ferrandi,
-Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn, Andrea Foletto, Alex Forencich,
-Aurelien Francillon, Bob Fredieu, Manuel Freiberger, Mostafa Gamal, Vito
-Gamberini, Mostafa Garnal, Benjamin Gartner, Christian Gelinek, Richard E
-George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb, Michael Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Nimrod
-Gileadi, Shankar Giri, Dan Gisselquist, Szymon Gizler, Petr Gladkikh, Sam
-Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Embedded Go, Andrew Goessling, Amir Gonnen,
-Chitlesh Goorah, Tomasz Gorochowik, Kai Gossner, Tarik Graba, Sergi
-Granell, Al Grant, Nathan Graybeal, Alexander Grobman, Qian Gu, Xuan Guo,
-Prabhat Gupta, Deniz Güzel, Driss Hafdi, Abdul Hameed, Neil Hamilton, James
-Hanlon, Tang Haojin, Øyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, David Harris, Junji
-Hashimoto, Thomas Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Harald Heckmann, Robert Henry,
-Stephen Henry, Sebastian Hesselbarth, David Hewson, Jamey Hicks, Joel
-Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Peter Holmes, Hiroki Honda, Alex Hornung,
-Pierre-Henri Horrein, David Horton, Peter Horvath, Jae Hossell, Kuoping
-Hsu, Shou-Li Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Alan Hunter, James Hutchinson,
-Tim Hutt, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Shahid Ikram, Jamie Iles, Fuad
-Ismail, Vighnesh Iyer, Ben Jackson, Daniel Jacques, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon
-James, Krzysztof Jankowski, Eyck Jentzsch, HyungKi Jeong, Iztok Jeras,
-Pawel Jewstafjew, Alexandre Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Justin
-Jones, William D. Jones, Abe Jordan, Larry Darryl Lee Jr., Franck Jullien,
-James Jung, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, Guy-Armand Kamendje,
-Vasu Kandadi, Yoshitomo Kaneda, Kanad Kanhere, Patricio Kaplan, Pieter
-Kapsenberg, Rafal Kapuscik, Ralf Karge, Per Karlsson, Dan Katz, Sol
-Katzman, Ian Kennedy, Ami Keren, Fabian Keßler, Michael Killough, Sun Kim,
-Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof Kindgren, Kevin Kiningham, Cameron Kirk, Dan
-Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk, Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack Koenig, Soon Koh,
-Nathan Kohagen, Steve Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will Korteland, Andrei
-Kostovski, Wojciech Koszek, Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus
-Krause, David Kravitz, Adam Krolnik, Roland Kruse, Mahesh Kumashikar,
-Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok, Charles Eric LaForest, Kevin Laeufer, Ed
-Lander, Steve Lang, Pierre Laroche, Stephane Laurent, Walter Lavino,
-Christian Leber, David Ledger, Alex Lee, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee, Michaël
-Lefebvre, Dag Lem, Igor Lesik, John Li, Kay Li, Zixi Li, Davide Libenzi,
-Nandor Licker, Eivind Liland, Ícaro Lima, Kevin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Charlie
-Lind, Andrew Ling, Jiuyang Liu, Joey Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake
-Longo, Geza Lore, Arthur Low, Jose Loyola, Stefan Ludwig, Dan Lussier,
-Konstantin Lübeck, Fred Ma, Liwei Ma, Duraid Madina, Oleh Maksymenko, Affe
-Mao, Julien Margetts, Chick Markley, Alexis Marquet, Mark Marshall, Alfonso
-Martinez, Unai Martinez-Corral, Adrien Le Masle, Yves Mathieu, Vladimir
-Matveyenko, Patrick Maupin, Stan Mayer, Jordan McConnon, Conor McCullough,
-Jason McMullan, Elliot Mednick, Yuan Mei, Andy Meier, Luiza de Melo,
-Rodrigo A. Melo, Benjamin Menküc, Jake Merdich, David Metz, Wim Michiels,
+Gilberto Abram, David Addison, Joey Ah-kiow, Thomas Dybdahl Ahle, Tariq B.
+Ahmad, Thomas Aldrian, Omar Alkhatib, Amal Araweelo Almis, Nikana
+Anastasiadis, John David Anglin, Frederic Antonin, Hans Van Antwerpen, Vasu
+Arasanipalai, Jens Arm, Rohan Arshid, Valentin Atepalikhin, Philip Axer,
+Gökçe Aydos, Chris Bachhuber, Filip Badáň, Adam Bagley, Sharad Bagri, James
+Bailey, Robert Balas, Marco Balboni, Matthew Ballance, Ricardo Barbedo,
+Andrew Bardsley, Ilya Barkov, Matthew Barr, Geoff Barrett, Kaleb Barrett,
+Daniel Bates, Julius Baxter, Jeremy Bennett, Michael Berman, Jean
+Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Narayan Bhagavatula, Moinak Bhattacharyya,
+Kritik Bhimani, David Biancolin, Krzysztof Bieganski, Artur Bieniek,
+Michael Bikovitsky, David Binderman, Piotr Binkowski, Peter Birch, Johan
+Björk, David Black, Tymoteusz Blazejczyk, Scott Bleiweiss, Joel Bodenmann,
+David van der Bokke, Daniel Bone, Guy Bonneau, Pierre-Yves Le Borgne,
+Krzysztof Boroński, Gregg Bouchard, Christopher Boumenot, Paul
+Bowen-Huggett, Nick Bowler, Byron Bradley, Bryan Brady, Maarten De
+Braekeleer, Liam Braun, Charlie Brej, Nick Brereton, J Briquet, Lane
+Brooks, John Brownlee, KC Buckenmaier, Gijs Burghoorn, Jeff Bush, Lawrence
+Butcher, Tony Bybell, Congcong Cai, Iru Cai, Ted Campbell, Anthony Campos,
+Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Gregory Carver, Donal Casey, Sebastien Van
+Cauwenberghe, Alex Chadwick, Greg Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei
+Chapyzhenka, Chih-Mao Chen, Guokai Chen, Kefa Chen, Terry Chen, Yangyu
+Chen, Yi-Chung Chen, Yurii Cherkasov, Hennadii Chernyshchyk, Enzo Chi,
+Bartłomiej Chmiel, Sergey Chusov, Robert A. Clark, Ryan Clarke, Allan
+Cochrane, John Coiner, Luca Colagrande, Keith Colbert, Quentin Corradi,
+Nassim Corteggiani, Gianfranco Costamagna, February Cozzocrea, Sean Cross,
+George Cuan, RJ Cunningham, Michal Czyz, Joe DErrico, Jim Dai, Lukasz
+Dalek, Laurens van Dam, Gunter Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Julian Daube,
+Greg Davill, Bernard Deadman, Peter Debacker, Josse Van Delm, John Demme,
+Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip Derrick, Aadi Desai, John Dickol, Ruben
+Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan Djordjevic, Brad Dobbie, Paul Donahue,
+Jonathon Donaldson, Anthony Donlon, Caleb Donovick, Larry Doolittle,
+Leendert van Doorn, Sebastian Dressler, Connor Driscoll, Jonathan Drolet,
+Jose Drowne, Justin Yao Du, Maciej Dudek, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton, Tomas
+Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler, Ahmed
+El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne, Schuyler Eldridge, Ahmed Elzeftawi, Mats
+Engstrom, Augustin Fabre, Robert Farrell, Julien Faucher, Olivier Faure,
+Sergey Fedorov, Eugene Feinberg, Eugen Fekete, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Adrian
+Fiergolski, Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn, Andrea Foletto,
+Maxim Fonarev, Alex Forencich, Aurelien Francillon, Marco Frank, Bob
+Fredieu, Manuel Freiberger, Stephane Gagnon, Duane Galbi, Mostafa Gamal,
+Vito Gamberini, Mateusz Gancarz, Mostafa Garnal, Benjamin Gartner,
+Christian Gelinek, Richard E George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb, Michael
+Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Nimrod Gileadi, Shankar Giri, Dan Gisselquist,
+Szymon Gizler, Petr Gladkikh, Sam Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Embedded Go,
+Andrew Goessling, Emil Goh, Amir Gonnen, Chitlesh Goorah, Tomasz
+Gorochowik, Kai Gossner, Toshiki Goto, Tarik Graba, Sergi Granell, Al
+Grant, Nathan Graybeal, Alexander Grobman, Dominick Grochowina, Qian Gu,
+Karol Gugala, Xuan Guo, Prabhat Gupta, Oscar Gustafsson, Deniz Güzel, Driss
+Hafdi, Abdul Hameed, Neil Hamilton, Ali Hammoud, James Hanlon, Tang Haojin,
+Øyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, David Harris, Junji Hashimoto, Thomas
+Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Christian Hecken, Harald Heckmann, Robin Heinemann,
+Robert Henry, Stephen Henry, Sebastian Hesselbarth, David Hewson, Jamey
+Hicks, Joel Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Peter Holmes, Hiroki Honda, Steve
+Hoover, Alex Hornung, Pierre-Henri Horrein, David Horton, Peter Horvath,
+Jae Hossell, Kuoping Hsu, Shou-Li Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Alan
+Hunter, James Hutchinson, Tim Hutt, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Shahid
+Ikram, Jamie Iles, Ondrej Ille, Ron K. Irvine, Fuad Ismail, Vighnesh Iyer,
+Ben Jackson, Daniel Jacques, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon James, Krzysztof
+Jankowski, Moubarak Jeje, Tobias Jensen, Eyck Jentzsch, HyungKi Jeong,
+Iztok Jeras, Pawel Jewstafjew, Aditya Ranjan Jha, Xie Jiacheng, Alexandre
+Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Justin Jones, William D. Jones,
+Kees Jongenburger, Abe Jordan, Larry Darryl Lee Jr., Franck Jullien, James
+Jung, Yoshitomo KANEDA, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, G-A.
+Kamendje, Guy-Armand Kamendje, Vasu Kandadi, Kanad Kanhere, Patricio
+Kaplan, Pieter Kapsenberg, Rafal Kapuscik, Ralf Karge, Per Karlsson, Dan
+Katz, Sol Katzman, Amirreza Kazemi, Ian Kennedy, Ami Keren, Fabian
+Keßler-Schulz, John Khoo, Michael Killough, Sun Kim, Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof
+Kindgren, Kevin Kiningham, Cameron Kirk, Dan Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk,
+Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack Koenig, Soon Koh, Nathan Kohagen, Pawel
+Kojma, Steve Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will Korteland, Andrei Kostovski,
+Wojciech Koszek, Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus Krause, David
+Kravitz, Natan Kreimer, Adam Krolnik, Roland Kruse, Jan Kubalek, Mahesh
+Kumashikar, Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok, Charles Eric LaForest, Kevin
+Laeufer, Ed Lander, Steve Lang, Pierre Laroche, Stephane Laurent, Walter
+Lavino, Christian Leber, David Ledger, Alex Lee, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee,
+Michaël Lefebvre, Dag Lem, Igor Lesik, Brian Li, John Li, Kay Li, Zixi Li,
+Davide Libenzi, Matt Liberty, Nandor Licker, Eivind Liland, Ícaro Lima,
+Jian Nan Lin, Kevin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Charlie Lind, Andrew Ling, Jens
+Yuechao Liu, Jiuyang Liu, Joey Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake Longo,
+Geza Lore, Arthur Low, Jose Loyola, Stefan Ludwig, Martin Lueker-Boden, Dan
+Lussier, Konstantin Lübeck, Fred Ma, Liwei Ma, Duraid Madina, Oleh
+Maksymenko, Alexander Mann, Affe Mao, Rémi Marche, Julien Margetts, Chick
+Markley, Alexis Marquet, Mark Marshall, Alfonso Martinez, Unai
+Martinez-Corral, Adrien Le Masle, Yves Mathieu, Vladimir Matveyenko,
+Patrick Maupin, Stan Mayer, Jordan McConnon, Conor McCullough, Jason
+McMullan, Elliot Mednick, Yuan Mei, Andy Meier, Luiza de Melo, Rodrigo A.
+Melo, Benjamin Menküc, Niraj Menon, Jake Merdich, David Metz, Wim Michiels,
 Miodrag Milanović, Darryl Miles, Kevin Millis, Andrew Miloradovsky, David
-Moberg, Wai Sum Mong, Peter Monsson, Anthony Moore, Sean Moore, Stuart
-Morris, Dennis Muhlestein, John Murphy, Matt Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard
-Myers, Alex Mykyta, Eric Müller, Dimitris Nalbantis, Peter Nelson, Felix
-Neumärker, Bob Newgard, Cong Van Nguyen, Rachit Nigam, Toru Niina, Paul
-Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack, Mark Nodine, Michael Nolan,
-Andrew Nolte, Joseph Nwabueze, Kevin Nygaard, Kuba Ober, Krzysztof
-Obłonczek, Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz, Aleksander Osman, Don Owen,
-Tim Paine, Deepa Palaniappan, James Pallister, Vassilis Papaefstathiou,
-Sanggyu Park, Brad Parker, Risto Pejašinović, Seth Pellegrino, Morten Borup
-Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Wesley Piard, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody
-Piersall, T. Platz, Michael Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, Nolan Poe, David
-Poole, Michael Popoloski, Roman Popov, Aylon Chaim Porat, Oron Port, Rich
-Porter, Rick Porter, Stefan Post, Niranjan Prabhu, Damien Pretet, Harald
-Pretl, Bill Pringlemeir, Usha Priyadharshini, Mark Jackson Pulver, Prateek
-Puri, Han Qi, Jiacheng Qian, Marshal Qiao, Raynard Qiao, Yujia Qiao, Jasen
-Qin, Frank Qiu, Nandu Raj, Kamil Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris
-Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh Redford, Odd Magne Reitan, Frédéric Requin,
-Dustin Richmond, Samuel Riedel, Alberto Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Narcis Rodas,
-Oleg Rodionov, Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe, Michail Rontionov, Arjen
-Roodselaar, Arthur Rosa, Tobias Rosenkranz, Yernagula Roshit, Ryszard
-Rozak, Huang Rui, Graham Rushton, Jan Egil Ruud, Denis Rystsov, Pawel
-Sagan, Robert Sammelson, Adrian Sampson, John Sanguinetti, Josep Sans, Luca
-Sasselli, Martin Scharrer, Martin Schmidt, Jonathan Schröter, Julie
+Moberg, Wai Sum Mong, Peter Monsson, Anthony Moore, Sean Moore, Javier
+Mora, Rodrigo Batista de Moraes, Stuart Morris, Dennis Muhlestein, John
+Murphy, Matt Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard Myers, Alex Mykyta, Shivaram
+Mysore, Eric Müller, Dimitris Nalbantis, Jitesh Nayak, Peter Nelson, Yuri
+Nenakhov, Felix Neumärker, Bob Newgard, Cong Van Nguyen, Trung Nguyen,
+Rachit Nigam, Toru Niina, Paul Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack,
+Mark Nodine, Petr Nohavica, Michael Nolan, Andrew Nolte, Mateusz
+Nurczyński, Joseph Nwabueze, Kevin Nygaard, Thomas O'Keeffe, Kuba Ober,
+Krzysztof Obłonczek, Danny Oler, Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz,
+Aleksander Osman, Don Owen, Tim Paine, Deepa Palaniappan, James Pallister,
+Vassilis Papaefstathiou, Sanggyu Park, Brad Parker, Risto Pejašinović, Seth
+Pellegrino, Joel Peltonen, Morten Borup Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Thanh Tung
+Pham, Wesley Piard, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody Piersall,
+T. Platz, Michael Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, Nolan Poe, Tuomas Poikela,
+George Polack, David Poole, Michael Popoloski, Roman Popov, Aylon Chaim
+Porat, Oron Port, Rich Porter, Rick Porter, Stefan Post, Niranjan Prabhu,
+Damien Pretet, Harald Pretl, Bill Pringlemeir, Usha Priyadharshini, Mark
+Jackson Pulver, Prateek Puri, Nikolay Puzanov, Han Qi, Jiacheng Qian,
+Marshal Qiao, Raynard Qiao, Yujia Qiao, Jasen Qin, Frank Qiu, Nandu Raj,
+Kamil Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh
+Redford, Odd Magne Reitan, Frédéric Requin, Wajahat Riaz, Dustin Richmond,
+Samuel Riedel, Alberto Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Narcis Rodas, Oleg Rodionov,
+Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe, Michail Rontionov, Arjen Roodselaar, Arthur
+Rosa, Tobias Rosenkranz, Yernagula Roshit, Diego Roux, Ryszard Rozak, Dan
+Ruelas-Petrisko, Luca Rufer, Huang Rui, Graham Rushton, Jan Egil Ruud,
+Denis Rystsov, Pawel Sagan, Robert Sammelson, Adrian Sampson, John
+Sanguinetti, Josep Sans, Dave Sargeant, Luca Sasselli, Philippe Sauter,
+Martin Scharrer, Parker Schless, Martin Schmidt, Jonathan Schröter, Julie
 Schwartz, Galen Seitz, Sam Shahrestani, Joseph Shaker, Mark Shaw, Salman
-Sheikh, Zhou Shen, Hao Shi, James Shi, Michael Shinkarovsky, Rafael
-Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, S Shuba, Fan Shupei, Ethan Sifferman, Anderson
-Ignacio da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh, Sanjay Singh, Frans
-Skarman, Nate Slager, Steven Slatter, Mladen Slijepcevic, Brian Small,
-Garrett Smith, Gus Smith, Tim Snyder, Maciej Sobkowski, Stan Sokorac, Alex
-Solomatnikov, Flavien Solt, Wei Song, Trefor Southwell, Martin Stadler, Art
-Stamness, David Stanford, Krzysztof Starecki, Baruch Sterin, John
-Stevenson, Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart, Rob Stoddard, Tood Strader,
-John Stroebel, Ray Strouble, Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Udaya Raj Subedi,
-Emerson Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan, Qingyao Sun, Renga Sundararajan, Kuba
+Sheikh, Zhou Shen, Zhouyi Shen, Hao Shi, James Shi, Michael Shinkarovsky,
+Rafael Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, S Shuba, Fan Shupei, Ethan Sifferman,
+Anderson Ignacio da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh, Sanjay
+Singh, Frans Skarman, Nate Slager, Steven Slatter, Mladen Slijepcevic,
+Brian Small, Garrett Smith, Gus Smith, Rachel Smith, Tim Snyder, Maciej
+Sobkowski, Stan Sokorac, Alex Solomatnikov, Flavien Solt, Wei Song, Trefor
+Southwell, Martin Stadler, Art Stamness, David Stanford, Krzysztof
+Starecki, Baruch Sterin, John Stevenson, Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart,
+Rob Stoddard, Tood Strader, Jean-Nicolas Strauss, John Stroebel, Ray
+Strouble, Matt Stroud, Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Udaya Raj Subedi, Emerson
+Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan, Qingyao Sun, Renga Sundararajan, Kuba
 Sunderland-Ober, Gustav Svensk, Rupert Swarbrick, Jevin Sweval, Paul
-Swirhun, Shinya T-Y, Thierry Tambe, Jesse Taube, Drew Taussig, Christopher
-Taylor, Greg Taylor, Jose Tejada, Sören Tempel, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley
+Swirhun, Krzysztof Sychla, Shinya T-Y, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Thierry Tambe,
+Jesse Taube, Drew Taussig, Christopher Taylor, David Taylor, Greg Taylor,
+Michael Bedford Taylor, Jose Tejada, Sören Tempel, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley
 Terpstra, Rui Terra, Stefan Thiede, Justin Thiel, Gary Thomas, Ian
-Thompson, Kevin Thompson, Mike Thyer, Hans Tichelaar, Tudor Timi, Viktor
-Tomov, Steve Tong, Topa Topino, Àlex Torregrosa, Topa Tota, Michael
-Tresidder, Lenny Truong, David Turner, Neil Turton, Hideto Ueno, Mike
-Urbach, Joel Vandergriendt, Srini Vemuri, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, Yuri
-Victorovich, Ivan Vnučec, Bogdan Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Philipp
-Wagner, Stefan Wallentowitz, Johannes Walter, CY Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Shawn
-Wang, Yilou Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Greg Waters, Thomas Watts, Eugene Weber,
-John Wehle, Tianrui Wei, David Welch, Thomas J Whatson, Martin Whitaker,
-Marco Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel S. Wilkerson, Daniel Wilkerson, Gerald
-Williams, Trevor Williams, Don Williamson, Jan Van Winkel, Jeff Winston,
-Joshua Wise, Clifford Wolf, Johan Wouters, Paul Wright, Tobias Wölfel,
-Junyi Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Liu Xiaoyi, Jinyan Xu, Mandy Xu, Pengcheng Xu,
-Shanshan Xu, Yan Xu, Yinan Xu, SU YANG, Felix Yan, Jiaxun Yang, Luke Yang,
-Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Chentai (Seven) Yuan, Florian Zaruba, Mat Zeno, Keyi
-Zhang, Xi Zhang, Huanghuang Zhou, Yike Zhou, Jiamin Zhu, Ryan Ziegler.
+Thompson, Kevin Thompson, Mike Thyer, Jerry Tianchen, Hans Tichelaar, Tudor
+Timi, Viktor Tomov, Steve Tong, Topa Topino, Àlex Torregrosa, Topa Tota,
+Michael Tresidder, Lenny Truong, David Turner, Neil Turton, Hideto Ueno,
+Ethan Uppal, Mike Urbach, Joel Vandergriendt, Srini Vemuri, Srinivasan
+Venkataramanan, Yuri Victorovich, Ivan Vnučec, Andrew Voznytsa, Bogdan
+Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Justin Wagner, Philipp Wagner, Stefan
+Wallentowitz, Johannes Walter, CY Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Shawn Wang, Yilou
+Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Jakub Wasilewski, Paul Wasson, Greg Waters, Thomas
+Watts, Eugene Weber, John Wehle, Tianrui Wei, Yin Weijie, David Welch,
+Thomas J Whatson, Martin Whitaker, Marco Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel S.
+Wilkerson, Daniel Wilkerson, Gerald Williams, Trevor Williams, Don
+Williamson, Jan Van Winkel, Jeff Winston, Max Wipfli, Joshua Wise, Clifford
+Wolf, Johan Wouters, Paul Wright, Tobias Wölfel, Domenic Wüthrich, Junyi
+Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Liu Xiaoyi, Jie Xu, Jinyan Xu, Mandy Xu, Pengcheng Xu,
+Shanshan Xu, Yan Xu, Yinan Xu, Felix Yan, Zhen Yan, Jiaxun Yang, Luke Yang,
+Su Yang, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Law Heng Yi, Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz, Chentai
+(Seven) Yuan, Florian Zaruba, Igor Zaworski, Mat Zeno, Keyi Zhang, Xi
+Zhang, Alex Zhou, Huanghuang Zhou, Yike Zhou, Jiamin Zhu, Ryan Ziegler, Lan
+Zongwei.
 
 Thanks to them, and all those we've missed mentioning above, and to those
 whom have wished to remain anonymous.
@@ -177,24 +203,24 @@ Historical Origins
 ==================
 
 Verilator was conceived in 1994 by Paul Wasson at the Core Logic Group at
-Digital Equipment Corporation.  The Verilog code that was converted to C
-was then merged with a C-based CPU model of the Alpha processor and
-simulated in a C-based environment called CCLI.
+Digital Equipment Corporation. The Verilog code that was converted to C was
+then merged with a C-based CPU model of the Alpha processor and simulated
+in a C-based environment called CCLI.
 
 In 1995 Verilator started being used for Multimedia and Network Processor
-development inside Digital.  Duane Galbi took over the active development
-of Verilator, and added several performance enhancements, and CCLI was
-still being used as the shell.
+development inside Digital. Duane Galbi took over the active development of
+Verilator, and added several performance enhancements, and CCLI was still
+being used as the shell.
 
 In 1998, through the efforts of existing DECies, mainly Duane Galbi,
-Digital graciously agreed to release the source code.  (Subject to the code
+Digital graciously agreed to release the source code. (Subject to the code
 not being resold, which is compatible with the GNU Public License.)
 
-In 2001, Wilson Snyder took the kit, added a SystemC mode, and called
-it Verilator2.  This was the first packaged public release.
+In 2001, Wilson Snyder took the kit, added a SystemC mode, and called it
+Verilator2. This was the first packaged public release.
 
 In 2002, Wilson Snyder created Verilator 3.000 by rewriting Verilator from
-scratch in C++.  This added many optimizations, yielding about a 2-5x
+scratch in C++. This added many optimizations, yielding about a 2-5x
 performance gain.
 
 In 2009, major SystemVerilog and DPI language support was added.

docs/guide/copyright.rst

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *********
 Copyright
 *********
 
-The latest version of Verilator is available from `https://verilator.org
-<https://verilator.org>`_.
+The latest version of Verilator is available from https://verilator.org.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

docs/guide/deprecations.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Deprecations
@@ -7,16 +7,23 @@ Deprecations
 The following deprecated items are scheduled for future removal:
 
 C++14 compiler support
-  Verilator currently requires a C++20 or newer compiler for timing, and a
-  C++14 or newer compiler for both compiling Verilator and compiling
-  Verilated models with --no-timing.
+   Verilator currently requires a C++20 or newer compiler for timing, and a
+   C++14 or newer compiler for both compiling Verilator and compiling
+   Verilated models with --no-timing.
 
-  Verilator will require C++20 or newer compilers for both compiling
-  Verilator and compiling all Verilated models no sooner than May 2025.
-  (Likely to be removed shortly after GitHub removes Ubuntu 20.04
-  continuous-integration action runners, which are used to test the older
-  C++ standard).
+   Verilator will require C++20 or newer compilers for both compiling
+   Verilator and compiling all Verilated models no sooner than May 2025.
+   (Although this date has expired, this change is currently on hold until
+   the Ubuntu LTS versions of GCC and clang use C++20 by default, estimated
+   May 2028.)
 
 XML output
-  Verilator currently supports XML parser output (enabled with `--xml-only`).
-  Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no sooner than January 2026.
+   Verilator currently supports XML parser output (enabled with
+   `--xml-only`). Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no
+   sooner than January 2026.
+
+`--make cmake`
+   The `--make cmake` options is deprecated and will be removed no sooner
+   than January 2026. Use `--make json` instead. Note that the CMake
+   integration shipping with Verilator (verilator-config.mk) already uses
+   `--make json` so no changes are necessary if using that.

docs/guide/environment.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Environment
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ associated programs.
 .. option:: LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 
    A generic Linux/OS variable specifying what directories have shared
-   object (.so) files.  This path should include SystemC and other
-   shared objects needed at simulation runtime.
+   object (.so) files. This path should include SystemC and other shared
+   objects needed at simulation runtime.
 
 .. option:: MAKE
 
    Names the executable of the make command invoked when using the
-   :vlopt:`--build` option.  Some operating systems may require "gmake" to
-   this variable to launch GNU make.  If this variable is not specified,
+   :vlopt:`--build` option. Some operating systems may require "gmake" to
+   this variable to launch GNU make. If this variable is not specified,
    "make" is used.
 
 .. option:: MAKEFLAGS
@@ -29,33 +29,33 @@ associated programs.
 .. option:: OBJCACHE
 
    Optionally specifies a caching or distribution program to place in front
-   of all runs of the C++ compiler.  For example, "ccache" or "sccache".  If using
-   :command:`distcc` or :command:`icecc`/:command:`icecream`, they would
-   generally be run under :command:`ccache`; see the documentation for
-   those programs.  If OBJCACHE is not set, and at configure time ccache
+   of all runs of the C++ compiler. For example, "ccache" or "sccache". If
+   using :command:`distcc` or :command:`icecc`/:command:`icecream`, they
+   would generally be run under :command:`ccache`; see the documentation
+   for those programs. If OBJCACHE is not set, and at configure time ccache
    was present, ccache will be used as a default.
 
 .. option:: SYSTEMC
 
-   Deprecated.  Used only if :option:`SYSTEMC_INCLUDE` or
-   :option:`SYSTEMC_LIBDIR` is not set.  If set, specifies the directory
-   containing the SystemC distribution.  If not specified, it will come
-   from a default optionally specified at configure time (before Verilator
-   was compiled).
+   Deprecated. Used only if :option:`SYSTEMC_INCLUDE` or
+   :option:`SYSTEMC_LIBDIR` is not set. If set, specifies the directory
+   containing the SystemC distribution. If not specified, it will come from
+   a default optionally specified at configure time (before Verilator was
+   compiled).
 
 .. option:: SYSTEMC_ARCH
 
-   Deprecated.  Used only if :option:`SYSTEMC_LIBDIR` is not set.
-   Specifies the architecture name used by the SystemC kit.  This is the
-   part after the dash in the "lib-{...}" directory name created by a
-   :command:`make` in the SystemC distribution.  If not set, Verilator will
-   try to intuit the proper setting, or use the default optionally
-   specified at configure time (before Verilator was compiled).
+   Deprecated. Used only if :option:`SYSTEMC_LIBDIR` is not set. Specifies
+   the architecture name used by the SystemC kit. This is the part after
+   the dash in the "lib-{...}" directory name created by a :command:`make`
+   in the SystemC distribution. If not set, Verilator will try to intuit
+   the proper setting, or use the default optionally specified at configure
+   time (before Verilator was compiled).
 
 .. option:: SYSTEMC_CXX_FLAGS
 
    Specifies additional flags that are required to be passed to GCC when
-   building the SystemC model.  System 2.3.0 may need this set to
+   building the SystemC model. System 2.3.0 may need this set to
    "-pthread".
 
 .. option:: SYSTEMC_INCLUDE
@@ -67,27 +67,27 @@ associated programs.
 
 .. option:: SYSTEMC_LIBDIR
 
-   If set, specifies the directory containing the libsystemc.a library.  If
+   If set, specifies the directory containing the libsystemc.a library. If
    not specified, it will come from a default optionally specified at
    configure time (before Verilator was compiled), or computed from
    SYSTEMC/lib-SYSTEMC_ARCH.
 
 .. option:: VERILATOR_BIN
 
-   If set, specifies an alternative name of the ``verilator`` binary.  May
+   If set, specifies an alternative name of the ``verilator`` binary. May
    be used for debugging and selecting between multiple operating system
    builds.
 
 .. option:: VERILATOR_COVERAGE_BIN
 
    If set, specifies an alternative name of the ``verilator_coverage``
-   binary.  May be used for debugging and selecting between multiple
+   binary. May be used for debugging and selecting between multiple
    operating system builds.
 
 .. option:: VERILATOR_GDB
 
    If set, the command to run when using the :vlopt:`--gdb` option, such as
-   "ddd".  If not specified, it will use "gdb".
+   "ddd". If not specified, it will use "gdb".
 
 .. option:: VERILATOR_ROOT
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ associated programs.
 
    If you are using a pre-compiled Verilator package, you should not need
    to set ``VERILATOR_ROOT`` - the value embedded in the binary should be
-   correct.  In fact this option *does not work* with Verilator packages
+   correct. In fact this option *does not work* with Verilator packages
    that have been installed with ``make install``. If a Verilator package
    has been installed using ``./configure --prefix=/some/path && make
    install`` and then moved to another location, you cannot use
@@ -121,13 +121,15 @@ associated programs.
 .. option:: VERILATOR_SOLVER
 
    If set, the command to run as a constrained randomization backend, such
-   as :command:`cvc4 --lang=smt2 --incremental`.  If not specified, it will use
-   the one supplied or found during configure, or :command:`z3 --in` if empty.
+   as :command:`cvc4 --lang=smt2 --incremental`. If not specified, it will
+   use the one supplied or found during configure, or :command:`z3 --in` if
+   empty.
 
 .. option:: VERILATOR_VALGRIND
 
-   If set, the command to run when using the :vlopt:`--valgrind` option, such as
-   "valgrind --tool=callgrind".  If not specified, it will use "valgrind".
+   If set, the command to run when using the :vlopt:`--valgrind` option,
+   such as "valgrind --tool=callgrind". If not specified, it will use
+   "valgrind".
 
 
 Make Variables
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ set by passing them to make e.g. ``make CXX=my-gcc ...``.
 
    Optionally overrides the default compiler binary used by the Verilated
    makefiles. If CXX is not set, the version found at configure time is
-   used.  Note the default flags passed to the compiler are determined at
+   used. Note the default flags passed to the compiler are determined at
    configuration time, so changing the CXX compiler version using this
    variable, as opposed to passing it at configuration time, may not give
    desired results.
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ set by passing them to make e.g. ``make CXX=my-gcc ...``.
 
    Optionally overrides the default linker binary used by the Verilated
    makefiles. If LINK is not set, the version found at configure time is
-   used.  Note the default flags passed to the linker are determined at
+   used. Note the default flags passed to the linker are determined at
    configuration time, so changing the LINK version using this variable, as
    opposed to passing it at configuration time, may not give desired
    results.

docs/guide/example_binary.rst

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Example Create-Binary Execution:
+.. _example create-binary execution:
 
 Example Create-Binary Execution
 ===============================
 
-We'll compile this SystemVerilog example into a Verilated simulation binary.  For
-an example that discusses the next level of detail see :ref:`Example C++
-Execution`.
+We'll compile this SystemVerilog example into a Verilated simulation
+binary. For an example that discusses the next level of detail see
+:ref:`Example C++ Execution`.
 
 .. include:: example_common_install.rst
 
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@ Now, let's create an example Verilog file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     mkdir test_our
-     cd test_our
+   mkdir test_our
+   cd test_our
 
-     cat >our.v <<'EOF'
-       module our;
-          initial begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
-       endmodule
-     EOF
+   cat >our.v <<'EOF'
+     module our;
+        initial begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
+     endmodule
+   EOF
 
 Now we run Verilator on our little example.
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     verilator --binary -j 0 -Wall our.v
+   verilator --binary -j 0 -Wall our.v
 
 Breaking this command down:
 
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ Breaking this command down:
 #. :vlopt:`-j` `0` to Verilate using use as many CPU threads as the machine
    has.
 
-#. :vlopt:`-Wall` so Verilator has stronger lint warnings
-   enabled.
+#. :vlopt:`-Wall` so Verilator has stronger lint warnings enabled.
 
 #. An finally, :command:`our.v`, which is our SystemVerilog design file.
 
@@ -48,16 +47,16 @@ And now we run it:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     obj_dir/Vour
+   obj_dir/Vour
 
 And we get as output:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     Hello World
-     - our.v:2: Verilog $finish
+   Hello World
+   - our.v:2: Verilog $finish
 
 You're better off using a Makefile to run the steps for you, so when your
-source changes, it will automatically run all of the appropriate steps.  To
-aid this, Verilator can create a makefile dependency file.  For examples
+source changes, it will automatically run all of the appropriate steps. To
+aid this, Verilator can create a makefile dependency file. For examples
 that do this, see the :file:`examples` directory in the distribution.

docs/guide/example_cc.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Example C++ Execution:
+.. _example c++ execution:
 
 Example C++ Execution
 =====================
 
-We'll compile this example into C++.  For an extended and commented version
+We'll compile this example into C++. For an extended and commented version
 of what this C++ code is doing, see
 :file:`examples/make_tracing_c/sim_main.cpp` in the distribution.
 
@@ -16,34 +16,34 @@ Now, let's create an example Verilog and C++ wrapper file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     mkdir test_our
-     cd test_our
+   mkdir test_our
+   cd test_our
 
-     cat >our.v <<'EOF'
-       module our;
-          initial begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
-       endmodule
-     EOF
+   cat >our.v <<'EOF'
+     module our;
+        initial begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
+     endmodule
+   EOF
 
-     cat >sim_main.cpp <<'EOF'
-       #include "Vour.h"
-       #include "verilated.h"
-       int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-           VerilatedContext* contextp = new VerilatedContext;
-           contextp->commandArgs(argc, argv);
-           Vour* top = new Vour{contextp};
-           while (!contextp->gotFinish()) { top->eval(); }
-           delete top;
-           delete contextp;
-           return 0;
-       }
-     EOF
+   cat >sim_main.cpp <<'EOF'
+     #include "Vour.h"
+     #include "verilated.h"
+     int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+         VerilatedContext* contextp = new VerilatedContext;
+         contextp->commandArgs(argc, argv);
+         Vour* top = new Vour{contextp};
+         while (!contextp->gotFinish()) { top->eval(); }
+         delete top;
+         delete contextp;
+         return 0;
+     }
+   EOF
 
 Now we run Verilator on our little example;
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     verilator --cc --exe --build -j 0 -Wall sim_main.cpp our.v
+   verilator --cc --exe --build -j 0 -Wall sim_main.cpp our.v
 
 Breaking this command down:
 
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ Breaking this command down:
 #. :vlopt:`-j 0 <-j>` to Verilate using use as many CPU threads as the
    machine has.
 
-#. :vlopt:`-Wall` so Verilator has stronger lint warnings
-   enabled.
+#. :vlopt:`-Wall` so Verilator has stronger lint warnings enabled.
 
 #. And finally, :command:`our.v` which is our SystemVerilog design file.
 
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ Once Verilator completes we can see the generated C++ code under the
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     ls -l obj_dir
+   ls -l obj_dir
 
 (See :ref:`Files Read/Written` for descriptions of some of the files that
 were created.)
@@ -79,16 +78,16 @@ And now we run it:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     obj_dir/Vour
+   obj_dir/Vour
 
 And we get as output:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     Hello World
-     - our.v:2: Verilog $finish
+   Hello World
+   - our.v:2: Verilog $finish
 
 You're better off using a Makefile to run the steps for you, so when your
-source changes, it will automatically run all of the appropriate steps.  To
-aid this, Verilator can create a makefile dependency file.  For examples
+source changes, it will automatically run all of the appropriate steps. To
+aid this, Verilator can create a makefile dependency file. For examples
 that do this, see the :file:`examples` directory in the distribution.

docs/guide/example_common_install.rst

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-First you need Verilator installed, see :ref:`Installation`.  In brief, if
+First you need Verilator installed, see :ref:`Installation`. In brief, if
 you installed Verilator using the package manager of your operating system,
 or did a :command:`make install` to place Verilator into your default path,
 you do not need anything special in your environment, and should not have
-VERILATOR_ROOT set.  However, if you installed Verilator from sources and
+VERILATOR_ROOT set. However, if you installed Verilator from sources and
 want to run Verilator out of where you compiled Verilator, you need to
 point to the kit:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     # See above; don't do this if using an OS-distributed Verilator
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT=/path/to/where/verilator/was/installed
-     export PATH=$VERILATOR_ROOT/bin:$PATH
+   # See above; don't do this if using an OS-distributed Verilator
+   export VERILATOR_ROOT=/path/to/where/verilator/was/installed
+   export PATH=$VERILATOR_ROOT/bin:$PATH

docs/guide/example_dist.rst

@@ -1,42 +1,52 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Examples in the Distribution:
+.. _examples in the distribution:
 
 Examples in the Distribution
 ============================
 
-See the ``examples/`` directory that is part of the distribution, and
-is installed (in an OS-specific place, often in e.g.
-``/usr/local/share/verilator/examples``).  These examples include:
+See the ``examples/`` directory that is part of the distribution, and is
+installed (in an OS-specific place, often in e.g.
+``/usr/local/share/verilator/examples``). These examples include:
 
 examples/make_hello_binary
    Example GNU-make simple Verilog->binary conversion
+
 examples/make_hello_c
    Example GNU-make simple Verilog->C++ conversion
+
 examples/make_hello_sc
    Example GNU-make simple Verilog->SystemC conversion
+
 examples/make_tracing_c
    Example GNU-make Verilog->C++ with tracing
+
 examples/make_tracing_sc
    Example GNU-make Verilog->SystemC with tracing
+
 examples/make_protect_lib
    Example using --protect-lib
+
 examples/cmake_hello_c
    Example building make_hello_c with CMake
+
 examples/cmake_hello_sc
    Example building make_hello_sc with CMake
+
 examples/cmake_tracing_c
    Example building make_tracing_c with CMake
+
 examples/cmake_tracing_sc
    Example building make_tracing_sc with CMake
+
 examples/cmake_protect_lib
    Example building make_protect_lib with CMake
 
 To run an example copy the example to a new directory and run it.
 
-::
+.. code-block:: bash
 
-      cp -rp {path_to}/examples/make_hello_c make_hello_c
-      cd make_hello_c
-      make
+   cp -rp {path_to}/examples/make_hello_c make_hello_c
+   cd make_hello_c
+   make

docs/guide/example_sc.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Example SystemC Execution:
+.. _example systemc execution:
 
 Example SystemC Execution
 =========================
@@ -15,58 +15,58 @@ Now, let's create an example Verilog, and SystemC wrapper file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     mkdir test_our_sc
-     cd test_our_sc
+   mkdir test_our_sc
+   cd test_our_sc
 
-     cat >our.v <<'EOF'
-       module our (clk);
-          input clk;  // Clock is required to get initial activation
-          always @(posedge clk)
-             begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
-       endmodule
-     EOF
+   cat >our.v <<'EOF'
+     module our (clk);
+        input clk;  // Clock is required to get initial activation
+        always @(posedge clk)
+           begin $display("Hello World"); $finish; end
+     endmodule
+   EOF
 
-     cat >sc_main.cpp <<'EOF'
-       #include "Vour.h"
-       using namespace sc_core;
-       int sc_main(int argc, char** argv) {
-           Verilated::commandArgs(argc, argv);
-           sc_clock clk{"clk", 10, SC_NS, 0.5, 3, SC_NS, true};
-           Vour* top = new Vour{"top"};
-           top->clk(clk);
-           while (!Verilated::gotFinish()) { sc_start(1, SC_NS); }
-           delete top;
-           return 0;
-       }
-     EOF
+   cat >sc_main.cpp <<'EOF'
+     #include "Vour.h"
+     using namespace sc_core;
+     int sc_main(int argc, char** argv) {
+         Verilated::commandArgs(argc, argv);
+         sc_clock clk{"clk", 10, SC_NS, 0.5, 3, SC_NS, true};
+         Vour* top = new Vour{"top"};
+         top->clk(clk);
+         while (!Verilated::gotFinish()) { sc_start(1, SC_NS); }
+         delete top;
+         return 0;
+     }
+   EOF
 
 Now we run Verilator on our little example:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     verilator --sc --exe -Wall sc_main.cpp our.v
+   verilator --sc --exe -Wall sc_main.cpp our.v
 
 This example does not use --build, therefore we need to explicitly compile
 it:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     make -j -C obj_dir -f Vour.mk Vour
+   make -j -C obj_dir -f Vour.mk Vour
 
 And now we run it:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     obj_dir/Vour
+   obj_dir/Vour
 
 And we get, after the SystemC banner, the same output as the C++ example:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-     SystemC 2.3.3-Accellera
+   SystemC 2.3.3-Accellera
 
-     Hello World
-     - our.v:4: Verilog $finish
+   Hello World
+   - our.v:4: Verilog $finish
 
 Really, you're better off using a Makefile to run the steps for you so when
 your source changes it will automatically run all of the appropriate steps.

docs/guide/examples.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Examples:
+.. _examples:
 
 ========
 Examples