Version bump

Track the location based message/feature enable bits separately for code
and control file directives. A message/feature is disabled if disabled
either in the control file, or in code directives/metacomments. That is,
enabled only if both agree should be enabled.

.bake.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# mbake configuration file
+
+[formatter]
+# Indentation settings
+use_tabs = true
+tab_width = 2
+
+# Spacing settings
+space_around_assignment = true
+space_before_colon = false
+space_after_colon = true
+
+# Line continuation settings
+normalize_line_continuations = true
+max_line_length = 100
+
+# PHONY settings
+group_phony_declarations = false
+phony_at_top = false
+auto_insert_phony_declarations = false
+
+# General settings
+remove_trailing_whitespace = true
+ensure_final_newline = true
+normalize_empty_lines = true
+max_consecutive_empty_lines = 2
+
+# Global settings
+debug = false
+verbose = false

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - ".github/**"
-  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
-  - "include/vltstd/**"
-  - "nodist/fastcov.py"
+  - ".github/**"  #
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"  #
+  - "include/vltstd/**"  #
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"  #

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
+#
+# Copyright 2020-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+####################
+# Validate:
+#  curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+#
+coverage:
+  precision: 2
+  range: 75...100
+  round: down
+  status:
+    project: false
+    patch: false
+comment: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, and it isn't "Unsupported." (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contaned so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
-
-What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-What OS and distribution are you using?
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
-
-(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request
-about: Use this to request something should be supported, or a new feature added. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
-title: ''
-labels: new
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-Thanks for taking the time to report this.
-
-What would you like added/supported?
-
-What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?
-
-Can you attach an example that runs on other simulators?  (Must be openly licensed, ideally in test_regress format.)
-
-May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug or feature
+about: Use this to report that something isn't working as expected, or is a desired feature. (Note our contributor agreement at https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst)
+title: ''
+labels: new
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Thanks for taking the time to report this.
+
+Can you please attach an example that shows the issue or missing feature?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contained so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs)
+
+What output from that test indicates it is wrong, and what is the correct or expected output?  (Or, please make test self-checking if possible.)
+
+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
+What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?  Did you try it with other simulators?
+
+What OS and distribution are you using?
+
+May we assist you in trying to fix this in Verilator yourself?
+
+(Please avoid attaching screenshots that show text - you can convert images to text using e.g. https://ocr.space)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/questions.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ assignees: ''
 
 How may we help - what is your question?
 
-(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please use one of the other issue templates.)
+(If reporting a bug or requesting a feature please hit BACK on your browser and use a different issue templates.)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+# See https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: build-test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel on pull requests and on all forks
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.repository != 'verilator/verilator' }}
+
+jobs:
+
+  build-2404-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2404-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, asan: 1}
+
+  build-2204-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-2204-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-gcc:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: gcc, asan: 0}
+
+  build-osx-clang:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}${{ matrix.asan && ' | asan' || '' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      sha: ${{ github.sha }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      os-name: osx
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      dev-asan: ${{ matrix.asan }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, asan: 0}
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: msvc}
+    env:
+      CI_OS_NAME: win
+      CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+      CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip
+
+  test-2404-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2404-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2404-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2404-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 clang
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-gcc:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-gcc.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 gcc
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, reloc: 0, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  test-2204-clang:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
+    needs: build-2204-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build-2204-clang.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+      cc: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      reloc: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
+      suite: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+      dev-gcov: 0
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Ubuntu 22.04 clang, also test relocation
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-2}
+
+  lint-py:
+    name: Lint Python
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml
+
+  passed:
+    name: Test suite passed
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - build-2404-gcc
+      - build-2404-clang
+      - build-2204-gcc
+      - build-2204-clang
+      - build-osx-gcc
+      - build-osx-clang
+      - build-windows
+      - test-2404-gcc
+      - test-2404-clang
+      - test-2204-gcc
+      - test-2204-clang
+      - lint-py
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: build
-
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
-
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
-  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-
-  build:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
-        compiler:
-          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
-        include:
-          # Build GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
-    steps:
-
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  test:
-    needs: build
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
-        compiler:
-          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
-        reloc: [0]
-        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1]
-        include:
-          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04, also test relocation
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 only on GCC; not passing on clang yet
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-1}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CI_RELOC: ${{ matrix.reloc }}
-      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-${{ matrix.reloc }}-${{ matrix.suite }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
-    steps:
-
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
-
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-  lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-      - name: Install packages for lint
-        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-      - name: Configure
-        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-      - name: Lint
-        run: make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@
 name: Contributor Agreement
 on:
   push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 jobs:
   Test:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -2,91 +2,212 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-name: coverage
+name: Code coverage
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
 
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  COVERAGE: 1
-  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 defaults:
   run:
     shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
 
 jobs:
 
-  Build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an coverage run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: dev-coverage')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+    with:
+      # For pull requests, build the head of the pull request branch, not the
+      # merge commit, otherwise patch coverage would include the changes
+      # between the root of the pull request and the target branch
+      sha: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      os-name: linux
+      cc: gcc
+      dev-asan: 0
+      dev-gcov: 1
 
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-
-      - name: Install packages for build
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Tar up repository
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-      - name: Upload tar archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-  Test:
-    needs: Build
+  test:
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
+    with:
+      archive: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+      os: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      reloc: 0
+      suite: ${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+      dev-gcov: 1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        test: [coverage-vlt-, coverage-vltmt-]
         num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-          - {test: dist, num: ''}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
+          - {test: coverage-dist, num: ''}
 
-      - name: Download tar archive
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+  publish-codecov:
+    name: Publish results to codecov.io
+    needs: test
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: List files
+        id: list-files
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          find obj_coverage -type f | paste -sd, | sed "s/^/files=/" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          disable_file_fixes: true
+          disable_search: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+          files: ${{ steps.list-files.outputs.files }}
+          plugins: noop
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          verbose: true
+
+  prepare-report:
+    name: Prepare HTML report
+    needs: [build, test]
+    if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo 'set man-db/auto-update false' | sudo debconf-communicate >/dev/null
+          sudo dpkg-reconfigure man-db
+          sudo apt install lcov
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-      - name: Unpack tar archive
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-      - name: Test
-        env:
-          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
-
-      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-        env:
-          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
         run: |
-          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ needs.build.outputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Download code coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: code-coverage-*
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Create report
+        working-directory: repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+          # Combine reports from test jobs
+          nodist/fastcov.py -C obj_coverage/verilator-*.info --lcov -o obj_coverage/verilator.info
+          # For a PR, report patch coverage against the merge-base between the head of the PR and the target branch
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            COVERAGE_BASE=$(git rev-parse --short $(git merge-base ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}))
+            make coverage-report COVERAGE_BASE=${COVERAGE_BASE} |& tee ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log
+          else
+            make coverage-report
+          fi
+          # Remove data files
+          rm -f obj_coverage/verilator*.info
+          # Some extra work for PRs only
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # Save PR number in report
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > obj_coverage/pr-number.txt
+            # Generate notification comment content
+            mkdir -p notification
+            echo ${{ github.event.number }} > notification/pr-number.txt
+            NUM=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+            URL=$(gh run view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+            echo "Patch coverage from PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (code coverage of lines changed relative to ${COVERAGE_BASE}):" > notification/body.txt
+            if [[ ! -f obj_coverage/empty-patch ]]; then
+              echo "<pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              grep -E "(lines|branches)\.*:" ${{ github.workspace }}/make-coverage-report.log | sed "s/\.*:/:/" >> notification/body.txt || true
+              echo "</pre>" >> notification/body.txt
+              echo "Report: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://${{ github.repository_owner }}.github.io/verilator/coverage-reports/${{ github.run_id }}/index.html)" >> notification/body.txt
+            else
+              echo "Patch contains no code changes" >> notification/body.txt
+            fi
+            cat notification/body.txt
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo/obj_coverage
+          name: coverage-report
+
+      - name: Upload notification
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo/notification
+          name: coverage-pr-notification
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: [publish-codecov, prepare-report]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled Code coverage run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "Code coverage run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -22,11 +22,14 @@ on:
         type: boolean
         default: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
 
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Extract context variables
         run: |
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Docker meta
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
@@ -61,26 +64,26 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
         with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and Push to Docker
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         with:
           context: ${{ env.build_context }}
           build-args: SOURCE_COMMIT=${{ env.git_tag }}
           platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
-          push: ${{ !env.ACT && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+          push: ${{ !env.ACT && (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') }}
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -5,37 +5,42 @@
 name: format
 on:
   push:
-  pull_request_target:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'  # Avoid duplicates: only run the PR, not the push
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
   format:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Ubuntu 22.04 | format
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    name: Ubuntu 24.04 | format
     env:
       CI_OS_NAME: linux
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-24.04
       CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install packages for build
         env:
           CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
         run: |
-          bash ci/ci-install.bash &&
-          sudo apt-get install clang-format-14 yapf3 &&
-          git config --global user.email "[email protected]" &&
+          sudo apt install clang-format-18
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
           git config --global user.name "github action"
       - name: Format code
         run: |
-          autoconf &&
-          ./configure &&
-          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-14 &&
+          autoconf
+          ./configure
+          make venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -j 2 format CLANGFORMAT=clang-format-18
           git status
       - name: Push
-        run: |
+        run: |-
           if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
             git commit . -m "Apply 'make format'" &&
             git push origin

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-#
-name: msbuild
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: win
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
-  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: repo
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  windows:
-    name: run on windows
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          path: repo
-      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-      - name: compile
-        env:
-          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-      - name: test build
-        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-      - name: Zip up repository
-        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-      - name: Upload zip archive
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-          name: verilator-win.zip

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths: ["ci/**", ".github/workflows"]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Code coverage"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run
+# in-progress and latest queued. However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we
+# want to allow these deployments to complete.
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build content
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      coverage-pr-run-ids: ${{ steps.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Build pages
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash -x ./ci/ci-pages.bash
+          ls -lsha
+          tree -L 3 pages
+      - name: Upload pages artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: pages
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+
+  notify:
+    name: Notify
+    needs: [build, deploy]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-actions: write
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.coverage-pr-run-ids }}
+        run: bash -x ./ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-build
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: "Commit SHA to build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      cc: # 'clang' or 'gcc'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os-name: # 'linux' or 'osx'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-asan:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    outputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the built repository archive artifact"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.archive }}
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: ${{ inputs.os-name }}
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
+  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    outputs:
+      archive: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+    env:
+      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_DEV_ASAN: ${{ inputs.dev-asan }}
+      CI_DEV_GCOV: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
+      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+          ref: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov && '0' || '1' }}  # Coverage flow needs full history
+
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ inputs.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Create repository archive
+        id: create-archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          # Name of the archive must be unique based on the build parameters
+          ARCHIVE=verilator-${{ inputs.sha }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.dev-asan }}-${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}.tar.gz
+          tar --posix -c -z -f $ARCHIVE repo
+          echo "archive=$ARCHIVE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload repository archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}
+          name: ${{ steps.create-archive.outputs.archive }}

.github/workflows/reusable-lint-py.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-lint-py
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+  CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Sub-lint | Python
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+      - name: Install python dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install python3-clang
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: |-
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-rtlmeter-build
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
+    name: Build
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install ccache mold help2man libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+
+      - name: Use saved ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ccache
+          key: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          restore-keys: rtlmeter-build-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          path: repo
+          fetch-depth: 0 # Required for 'git describe' used for 'verilator --version'
+
+      - name: Configure
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: |
+          autoconf
+          ./configure --prefix=${{ github.workspace }}/install CXX=${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+
+      - name: Make
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: make -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Install
+        working-directory: repo
+        run: make install
+
+      - name: Tar up installation
+        run: tar --posix -c -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz install
+
+      - name: Upload Verilator installation archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
+          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+          overwrite: true

.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-rtlmeter-run
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: "Unique identifier for storing results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      runs-on:
+        description: "Runner to use, e.g.: ubuntu-24.04"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      cc:
+        description: "Compiler to use: 'gcc' or 'clang'"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      # Note: The combination of 'cases' and 'run-name' must be unique for all
+      # invocations of this workflow within a run of the parent workflow.
+      # These two are used together to generate a unique results file name.
+      cases:
+        description: "RTLMeter cases to run"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      run-name:
+        description: "Run name (identifier) to add to collated results"
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      compileArgs:
+        description: "Additional Verilator command line arguments"
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+      executeArgs:
+        description: "Additional simulator command line arguments"
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 512M
+  CCACHE_DISABLE: 1
+
+jobs:
+  run:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.runs-on }}
+    name: Run
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install ccache mold libfl-dev libgoogle-perftools-dev libsystemc-dev
+
+      - name: Download Verilator installation archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: verilator-rtlmeter-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}
+
+      - name: Unpack Verilator installation archive
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f verilator-rtlmeter.tar.gz
+          echo "${{ github.workspace }}/install/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Use saved ccache
+        if: ${{ env.CCACHE_DISABLE == 0 }}
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          restore-keys: rtlmeter-run-ccache-${{ inputs.runs-on }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{ inputs.cases }}-${{ inputs.compileArgs }}
+
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+
+      - name: Compile cases
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}' --nExecute=0
+
+      - name: Execute cases
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        continue-on-error: true  # Do not fail on error, so we can at least save the successful results
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter run --timeout 60 --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'
+
+      - name: Collate results
+        id: results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          # Use 'inputs.cases' and 'inputs.run-name' to generate a unique file name
+          hash=$(md5sum <<< '${{ inputs.cases }} ${{ inputs.run-name }}' | awk '{print $1}')
+          echo "hash=${hash}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          ./rtlmeter collate --runName "${{ inputs.run-name }}"  > ../results-${hash}.json
+
+      - name: Report results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter report --steps '*' --metrics '*' ../results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+
+      - name: Upload results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}.json
+          name: rtlmeter-${{ inputs.tag }}-results-${{ steps.results.outputs.hash }}
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 2
+
+      - name: Report status
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |-  # This will fail the job if any of the runs failed
+          ./rtlmeter run --verbose --cases='${{inputs.cases}}' --compileArgs='${{inputs.compileArgs}}' --executeArgs='${{inputs.executeArgs}}'

.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: reusable-test
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      archive:
+        description: "Name of the repository archive artifact from reusable-build"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      os:  # e.g. ubuntu-24.04
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      cc:  # gcc or clang
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      reloc:  # 0 or 1
+        required: true
+        type: number
+      suite:  # e.g. dist-vlt-0
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      dev-gcov:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+
+env:
+  CI_OS_NAME: linux
+  CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
+  CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+  CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
+  INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/install
+  RELOC_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/relloc
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+    working-directory: repo
+
+jobs:
+
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    name: Test
+    env:
+      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ inputs.os }}
+      CI_RELOC: ${{inputs.reloc }}
+      CXX: ${{ inputs.cc == 'clang' && 'clang++' || 'g++' }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.cc }}-${{inputs.reloc }}-${{ inputs.suite }}
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
+    steps:
+
+      - name: Download repository archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+      - name: Unpack repository archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          tar -x -z -f ${{ inputs.archive }}
+          ls -lsha
+
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        run: |
+          ./ci/ci-install.bash
+          make venv
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: run-test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          TESTS: ${{ inputs.suite }}
+        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+          ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+      - name: Combine code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        run: |
+          make coverage-combine
+          mv obj_coverage/verilator.info obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          ls -lsha obj_coverage
+
+      - name: Upload code coverage data
+        if: ${{ inputs.dev-gcov }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/obj_coverage/verilator-${{ inputs.suite }}.info
+          name: code-coverage-${{ inputs.suite }}
+
+      - name: Fail job if a test failed
+        if: ${{ steps.run-test.outcome == 'failure' && !cancelled() }}
+        run: exit 1

.github/workflows/rtlmeter-pr-results.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter PR results
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [RTLMeter]
+    types: [completed]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' && github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Download report
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Download PR number
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: pr-number
+          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Use the Verilator CI app to post the comment
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          permission-pull-requests: write
+      - name: Comment on PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          ls -la
+          cat report.txt
+          gh pr --repo ${{ github.repository }} comment $(cat pr-number.txt) --body-file report.txt

.github/workflows/rtlmeter.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+---
+# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
+# This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+name: RTLMeter
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily, starting at 02:00 UTC
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+concurrency:
+  # At most 1 job per branch. Auto cancel all but scheduled jobs
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' }}
+
+jobs:
+  start:
+    name: Start
+    # Only run scheduled jobs if explicitly enabled for that repo (e.g.: not on forks)
+    # Only run pull request jobs if labelled as needing an RTLMeter run
+    # Always run workflow dispatch jobs
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'schedule'
+        && vars.ENABLE_SCHEDULED_JOBS == 'true') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'pr: rtlmeter')) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Startup
+        run: echo
+
+  build-gcc:
+    name: Build GCC
+    needs: start
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
+    with:
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+
+  build-clang:
+    name: Build Clang
+    needs: start
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-build.yml
+    with:
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: clang
+
+  run-gcc:
+    name: Run GCC | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc"
+      compileArgs: ""
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
+          - "NVDLA:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
+          - "OpenTitan:*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
+          - "Vortex:mini:*"
+          - "Vortex:sane:*"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
+          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+
+  run-clang:
+    name: Run Clang | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-clang
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: clang
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: clang
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "clang --threads 4"
+      compileArgs: "--threads 4"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:*"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:*"
+          - "Caliptra:default:*"
+          - "NVDLA:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:2x2:*"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:*"
+          - "OpenTitan:*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH1:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EH2:hiperf*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:asic*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:default*"
+          - "VeeR-EL2:hiperf*"
+          - "Vortex:mini:*"
+          - "Vortex:sane:*"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:default-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel3:* !*:linux"
+          - "XiangShan:mini-chisel6:* !*:linux"
+          - "XuanTie-E902:*"
+          - "XuanTie-E906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C906:*"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:*"
+
+  run-gcc-hier:
+    name: Run GCC hier | ${{ matrix.cases }}
+    needs: build-gcc
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-rtlmeter-run.yml
+    with:
+      tag: gcc-hier
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+      cc: gcc
+      cases: ${{ matrix.cases }}
+      run-name: "gcc --hierarchical"
+      compileArgs: "--hierarchical"
+      executeArgs: ""
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: ${{ github.event == 'schedule' && 2 || 7 }}
+      matrix:
+        cases:
+          - "BlackParrot:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "BlackParrot:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "NVDLA:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:1x1:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:2x2:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:4x4:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:8x8:* !-hier"
+          - "OpenPiton:16x16:dhry !-hier"
+          - "XuanTie-C910:* !-hier"
+
+  combine-results:
+    name: Combine results
+    needs: [run-gcc, run-clang, run-gcc-hier]
+    # Run if any of the dependencies have run, even if failed.
+    # That is: do not run if all skipped, or the workflow was cancelled.
+    if: ${{ (contains(needs.*.result, 'success') || contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tag: [gcc, clang, gcc-hier]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download all results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: rtlmeter-${{ matrix.tag }}-results-*
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Combine results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          ./rtlmeter collate ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}/*.json > ../all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+      - name: Upload combined results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}.json
+          name: all-results-${{ matrix.tag }}
+          overwrite: true
+          retention-days: 30
+
+  publish-scheduled-results:
+    name: Publish results to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results
+    needs: combine-results
+    # Only run on scheduled builds on the main repository. We also restrict
+    # the publishing to run only on the first run_attempt. This is required
+    # to prevent multiple uploads the same day (if rerunning), as the
+    # dashboard UI currently assumes there is only one data point per
+    # calendar day. Results from reruns can be imported manually if needed.
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Upload published results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: results/*.json
+          name: published-results
+      # Pushing to verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results requires elevated permissions
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+          permission-contents: write
+      - name: Checkout verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/verilator-rtlmeter-results"
+          token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          path: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+      - name: Import results
+        id: import-results
+        working-directory: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        run: |
+          for f in $(find ../results -name "*.json"); do \
+            echo "Importing $f"; \
+            ./bin/add-rtlmeter-result $f; \
+          done
+          test -z "$(git status --porcelain)" || echo "valid=1" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Push to verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        if: ${{ steps.import-results.outputs.valid }}
+        working-directory: verilator-rtlmeter-results
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
+          git config --global user.name "github action"
+          git add .
+          git commit -m "Verilator CI: Results of 'RTLMeter' workflow run #${{ github.run_number }}"
+          git push origin
+
+  prepare-pr-results:
+    name: Prepare Pull Request results
+    needs: combine-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && contains(needs.*.result, 'success') && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout RTLMeter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: "verilator/rtlmeter"
+          path: rtlmeter
+      - name: Setup RTLMeter venv
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: make venv
+      - name: Download combined results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: all-results-*
+          path: all-results
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Get scheduled run info
+        id: scheduled-info
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ID=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} list --workflow RTLMeter --event schedule --status success --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq ".[0].databaseId")
+          echo "id=$ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json url --jq ".url")
+          echo "url=$URL" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json number --jq ".number")
+          echo "num=$NUM" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          DATE=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view $ID --json createdAt --jq ".createdAt")
+          echo "date=$DATE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download scheduled run results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: published-results
+          path: nightly-results
+          run-id: ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.id }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Compare results
+        working-directory: rtlmeter
+        run: |
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            ADATA=../nightly-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            BDATA=../all-results/all-results-${tag}.json
+            touch ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            touch ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            if [[ ! -e $ADATA ]]; then
+              continue
+            fi
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "verilate" --metrics "elapsed memory"              $ADATA $BDATA > ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../verilate-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "execute"  --metrics "speed memory elapsed"        $ADATA $BDATA > ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../execute-${tag}.txt
+            ./rtlmeter compare --cases '* !Example:* !*:hello' --steps "cppbuild" --metrics "elapsed memory cpu codeSize" $ADATA $BDATA > ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            cat ../cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+          done
+      - name: Create report
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          NUM=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json number --jq ".number")
+          URL=$(gh run --repo ${{ github.repository }} view ${{ github.run_id }} --json url    --jq ".url")
+          echo -n "Performance metrics for PR workflow [#$NUM]($URL) (B) compared to scheduled run" > report.txt
+          echo -n " [#${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.num }}](${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.url }}) (A)" >> report.txt
+          echo    " from ${{ steps.scheduled-info.outputs.date }}" >> report.txt
+          for tag in gcc clang gcc-hier; do
+            echo "" >> report.txt
+            if [[ $tag == "gcc" ]]; then
+              echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+            else
+              echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+            fi
+            echo -n "<summary><strong><em>" >> report.txt
+            jq -rj ".[0].runName" all-results/all-results-${tag}.json >> report.txt
+            echo "</em></strong></summary>" >> report.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-verilate-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' verilate-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-%02d-execute-%s.txt" ,NR,tag)}'  execute-${tag}.txt
+            awk -v RS= -v tag=${tag} '{print > sprintf("frag-$02d-cppbuild-%s.txt",NR,tag)}' cppbuild-${tag}.txt
+            for f in $(ls -1 frag-*-verilate-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-execute-${tag}.txt | sort) $(ls -1 frag-*-cppbuild-${tag}.txt | sort); do
+              if [[ $f == frag-01-verilate-${tag}.txt || $f == frag-01-execute-${tag}.txt ]]; then
+                echo "<details open>" >> report.txt
+              else
+                echo "<details>" >> report.txt
+              fi
+              echo -n "<summary>" >> report.txt
+              head -n 1 $f | tr -d '\n' >> report.txt
+              echo "</summary>" >> report.txt
+              echo '<pre>' >> report.txt
+              tail -n +2 $f >> report.txt
+              echo '</pre>' >> report.txt
+              echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+            done
+            echo "</details>" >> report.txt
+          done
+          cat report.txt
+      - name: Upload report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: report.txt
+          name: rtlmeter-pr-results
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: echo ${{ github.event.number }} > pr-number.txt
+      - name: Upload PR number
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: pr-number.txt
+          name: pr-number
+
+  # Create GitHub issue for failed scheduled jobs
+  # This should always be the last job (we want an issue if anything breaks)
+  create-issue:
+    name: Create issue on failure
+    needs: publish-scheduled-results
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && github.repository == 'verilator/verilator' && github.run_attempt == 1 && failure() && !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      # Creating issues requires elevated privilege
+      - name: Generate access token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/[email protected]
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.VERILATOR_CI_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.VERILATOR_CI_KEY }}
+          owner: verilator
+          repositories: verilator
+          permission-issues: write
+      - name: Create issue
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |-
+          echo "This issue was created automatically by the GitHub Actions CI due to the failure of a scheduled RTLMeter run." >> body.txt
+          echo "" >> body.txt
+          echo "Workflow status: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" >> body.txt
+          gh issue --repo ${{ github.repository }} create \
+            --title "RTLMeter run #${{ github.run_number }} Failed" \
+            --body-file body.txt \
+            --label new \
+            --assignee gezalore,wsnyder

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 *.pdf
 /Makefile
 /.ccache
+/.venv/
 /artifact/
 README
 TAGS
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ verilator_coverage_bin*
 /.vscode/
 /.idea/
 /cmake-build-*/
+/obj_coverage/
 /test_regress/snapshot/
 xmverilog.*
 xrun.history

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # See https://citation-file-format.github.io/
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 title: Verilator
@@ -14,14 +15,14 @@ authors:
     family-names: Wasson
   - given-names: Duane
     family-names: Galbi
+  - given-names: Geza
+    family-names: Lore
   - name: 'et al'
 repository-code: 'https://github.com/verilator/verilator'
 url: 'https://verilator.org'
 abstract: >-
   The Verilator package converts Verilog and SystemVerilog hardware
   description language (HDL) designs into a fast C++ or SystemC model
-  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not a
+  that, after compiling, can be executed.  Verilator is not only a
   traditional simulator but a compiler.
-license:
-  - LGPL-3.0-only
-  - Artistic-2.0
+license: [LGPL-3.0-only, Artistic-2.0]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(
     Verilator
-    VERSION 5.034
+    VERSION 5.044
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -49,8 +49,13 @@ if(WIN32)
     if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    else()
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "The path specified by WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable is not an existing folder: ${WIN_FLEX_BISON}"
+        )
     endif()
     if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
         message(
@@ -134,10 +139,7 @@ configure_package_config_file(
     INSTALL_DESTINATION .
 )
 
-install(
-    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake
-    DESTINATION .
-)
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake DESTINATION .)
 
 configure_package_config_file(
     verilator-config-version.cmake.in

Changes

@@ -5,7 +5,537 @@ Revision History and Change Log
 ===============================
 
 The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
-contributors that suggested a given feature are shown in []. Thanks!
+contributors that suggested or implemented a given issue are shown in []. Thanks!
+
+
+Verilator 5.044 2026-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is the last release supporting the deprecated `--xml-only` and
+  `--make cmake` options.
+* Change `--lint-only` and `--json-only` to imply `--timing` (#6790).
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `--unroll-limit` option (#6654) (#6668). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-fno-inline-funcs-eager` option to disable excessive inlining (#6682). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `-param`/`-port` options to `public_flat*` control directives (#6685). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Add `--top` specifying `config` name (#6710). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Add `sc_biguint` pragma (#6712). [Jakub Wasilewski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `make venv` target (#6775). [Geza Lore]
+* Add SUPERNFIRST error on super.new on non-first statement (#6784). [Artur Bieniek]
+* Add fargs for reusability of `--dump-inputs` output (#6812). [Geza Lore]
+* Add `--quiet-build` to suppress make/compiler informationals.
+* Support `std::randomize(){...}` (#4706) (#6573). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support force assignments to unpacked array elements (partial #4735) (#6787). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `config' (#5891) (#6714) (#6717) (#6745) (#6764). [Dan Ruelas-Petrisko]
+* Support unpacked struct in localparam (#6053 partial) (#6708). [Jonathan Drolet]
+* Support `randsequence` (#6131).
+* Support array reference arguments into 'std::randomize()' (#6384) (#6719). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic global constraints (#6551) (#6552). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support SystemC time resolution with step 10/100 (#6633) (#6715). [Aliaksei Chapyzhenka]
+* Support `this.randomize()` with constraints (#6634). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multi-expression sequences (#6639). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `#1step` delay as statement  (#6671). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support clocking output delay `1step` (#6681). [Ondrej Ille]
+* Support parsing of dotted `bins_expression` (#6683). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constant expression cycle delays in sequences (#6691). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support general global constraints (#6709) (#6711). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support complex std::randomize patterns (#6736) (#6737). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand_mode` in global constraint gathering (#6740) (#6752). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support reduction or in constraints (#6840). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support vpiSigned (#6868) (#6870). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Optimize away calls to empty functions (#6626). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize redundant headers in Syms implementation files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize constructor/destructor VerilatedModules (#6660). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize repeated function call during symbol table initialization (#6665). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize functions reading external parameters as pure (#6684). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize `$past` delayed variable reuse (#6689). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Optimize combinational loops through sign extension (#6724). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trace initialization code size (#6749). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles in DFG (#6744) (#6746) (#6744). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize inlining small C functions and add `-inline-cfuncs` (#6815). [Jose Drowne]
+* Fix generate function(s) inside of generate blocks (#1011) (#6789). [em2machine]
+* Fix typedef derived from type defined inside interface (#3441) (#6776). [em2machine]
+* Fix warning lint directive ordering and consistency (#4185) (#5368) (#5610) (#6876).
+* Fix extern function that returns parameterized class (#4924).
+* Fix type deduction for variable parameterized classes (#6281) (#6813). [em2machine]
+* Fix randomize called within func/task (#6144) (#6753). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix pre/post_randomize on extended classes (#6467). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix expression short circuiting (#6483). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix resized lvalues with warning suppressed (#6497) (#6816). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix unsupported `if` virtual interface warning (#6558) (#6861). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression coverage of system calls (#6592). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `--timing` with `--x-initial-edge` (#6603) (#6631). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix merging of impure assignments in gate optimization (#6629) (#6630). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix determining Verilator revision when within git submodules without tags.
+* Fix initial random values for verilator-created variables (#6611). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix parsing of `with` clause inside covergroups (#6618). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix slice memory overflow on large output arrays (#6636) (#6638). [Jens Yuechao Liu]
+* Fix localparam type assignment from interface type parameters (#6637) (#6732). [em2machine]
+* Fix memory usage statistics on MacOS (#6644). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix command line statistics with --stats (#6645) (#6646). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix slow compilation of generated sampled value code (#6652). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix non-deterministic output when splitting Syms file. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix crash on DFG driver lookup (#6649). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ccache-report with PCH files. [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class function (#6659) (#6802). [em2machine]
+* Fix local interface parameter hierarchical access (#6661) (#6666). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix splitting of Syms constructor/destructor bodies (#6662). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix long C++ compilation due to VerilatedScope constructors (#6664). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix large array initialization (#6669). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--expand-limit` not respected for expressions (#6670). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix `free` name collision (#6675). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix bounds checking in non-inlined function (#6677). [Geza Lore, Fractile Ltd.]
+* Fix stream operator widening (#6693) (#6697). [Jean-Nicolas Strauss]
+* Fix multitop cross references (#6699).
+* Fix DFG independent bits analysis performance (#6713) (#6743). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix deleting linked node error in V3Randomize (#6718). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix runtime worker thread stack sizes on MacOS (#6721). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix X handling in UDPs (#6722) (#6723). [Michael Bikovitsky]
+* Fix `--prof-exec` using `--lib-create`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix fork scheduling semantics (#6730). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix JSON output case statements (#6733).
+* Fix internal fault when cross-class calling with DPI (#6735) (#6742). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix write variable placement for global constraints (#6740) (#6750) (#6797). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix JSON dump missing output ports (#6751) (#6831). [Oleh Maksymenko]
+* Fix resolution of specialized typedefs (#6754) (#6808) (#6834). [em2machine]
+* Fix UNSUPPORTED on force / release with complex selects (#6755). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix select assignment expansion (#6757). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with multi-bit clocks (#6759). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG reusing volatile variables. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG assertion on out-of-bounds selects. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process reference giving no return statement error (#6767) (#6823). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class param static not found again error (#6768).
+* Fix crash when super.new() called without a base class (#6772). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix class-in-class extends with parameters (#6773).
+* Fix enum item references in class extends with parameters.
+* Fix reordering of function body inlined on RHS of <= NBA (#6780). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix clang `-Wno-vla-cxx-extension` warning for UVM DPI tests (#6782)
+* Fix `disable iff` in simple properties (#6783). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix input sampling of clocking block signals (#6788). [Pawel Kojma, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix O(n*2) analysis in const-bit-op-tree (#6791). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix member select of variable without randmode (#6800) (#6833). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix duplicate name error with interface initial blocks (#6804) (#6805). [Thomas Dybdahl Ahle]
+* Fix nested struct within parameter port list (#6818) (#6824). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix setting thread count in VerilatedContext (#6826 partial) (#6841). [Yangyu Chen]
+* Fix firing array selects of events (#6829). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix false IMPLICITSTATIC on localparam (#6835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randcase under fork (#6843). [Amal Araweelo Almis]
+* Fix JSON missing `signed` indication (#6845).
+* Fix class reference throwing cannot detect changes error (#6851).
+* Fix `randc` on extended class (#6852).
+* Fix typedef `::` class reference error (#6862).
+* Fix missing include on FreeBSD (#6864).
+* Fix `--Wwarn-lint` to be inverse of `--Wno-lint`.
+
+
+Verilator 5.042 2025-11-02
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add HIERPARAM error on hierarchical parameter values (#1626) (#6456) (#6484) (#6587) (#6609) (#6621) (#6623). [Todd Strader] [Luca Rufer] [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add error on zero/negative unpacked dimensions (#1642). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Add verilator_gantt profiling of DPI imports (#3084). [Geza Lore]
+* Add ASSIGNEQEXPR when use `=` inside expressions (#5567). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Add error on non-packed struct randc (#5999). [Seth Pellegrino]
+* Add configure `--enable-dev-asan` to compile verilator_bin with the address sanitizer (#6404). [Geza Lore]
+* Add $(LDFLAGS) and $(LIBS) to when building shared libraries (#6425) (#6426). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Add IMPLICITSTATIC also on procedure variables.
+* Add FUNCTIMCTL error on function invoking task or time-controlling statements (#6385).
+* Add error on `virtual new` (#6486). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on ranges with tristate values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add NORETURN warning on functions without return values (#6534). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add `--aslr` and `--no-aslr` options.
+* Add `$cpure` (#6580). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--preproc-defines`.
+* Deprecate sensitivity list on public_flat_rw attributes (#6443). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate clocker attribute and --clk option (#6463). [Geza Lore]
+* Deprecate '--make cmake' option (#6540). [Geza Lore]
+* Change default `--expand-limit` to 256 (#3419).
+* Change developer coverage flow and add configure `--enable-dev-gcov` (#6526). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `verilator_difftree` to return exit code 1 on mismatch, 2 on error.
+* Change default thread pool sizes to respect processor affinity (#6604). [Geza Lore]
+* Change `--preproc-comments` to be new name of `--pp-comments` option.
+* Support modports referencing clocking blocks (#4555) (#6436). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support class package reference on pattern keys (#5653). [Todd Strader]
+* Support digits in `$sscanf` field width formats (#6083). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support assert under assert (#6146). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Support pure functions in sensitivity lists (#6393). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple alias statements (#6339) (#6501). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support simple cycle delay sequence expressions inside properties (#6508). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support impure expressions in `inside` (#6562). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `case` impure expressions (#6563). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support dotted access to ports of a direct hier_block instance. (#6595). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `lint_off` to allow multiple messages and comments (#2755).
+* Improve automatic selection of logic for DFG synthesis (#6370). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve `covergroup with function sample` handling  (#6387). [Jakub Wasilewski]
+* Improve DFG type system (#6390). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve DFG variable removal and temporary insertion (#6401). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve memory usage of statistics (#6513). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve conditional merging to preserve branch prediction. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize duplicate 'if' and '?:' conditions (#3807) (#6495)
+* Optimize dead functions in more cases (#6380) (#6430). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Optimize constant folding in wide expression expansion (#6381). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--trace-max-width` and increase to 4096. (#2385).
+* Fix missing BLKSEQ when connecting module port to array (#2973).
+* Fix LATCH warning with CASEINCOMPLETE (#3301).
+* Fix unused parameterized class causing internal error (#4013). [Alberto Del Rio]
+* Fix false CONSTVAR error on initializers (#4992).
+* Fix hierarchical references with parameterized modules and interfaces (#5649) (#6566). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface exposure with `--public-depth` or `--trace-depth` (#5758).
+* Fix cell scoping performance (#6059). [Jerry Tianchen]
+* Fix hierarchical `--prof-pgo` (#6213). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix while loop hang on timing-delayed assignment (#6343) (#6354). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driver analysis of partially assigned variables (#6364) (#6378). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Hash MacOS ambiguity (#6350). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix cmake APPLE variable (#6351). [Lan Zongwei]
+* Fix randomize local after parameters applied (#6371). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix package imports not found after parameters applied (#6373). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix deep shift pattern performance (#6379) (#6420). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix COVERAGEIGN-ignored `get_inst_coverage` and other covergroup methods (#6383). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix error when modport variable is unresolved (#6386). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix resolving parameters (#6388) (#6418) (#6421) (#6438) (#6429). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wire array with initial assignment (#6391). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix import of class with default params (#6396) (#6410) (#6413). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix use after free in elaboration (#6403). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix address sanitizer issues (#6406). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing control under fork under function (#6407). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leaks and reduce requirements (#6411) (#6417) (#6419) (#6437) (#6439) (#6517). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameter implicit type from string (#6414). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix parsing for sequence expressions (#6427). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameterized class super functions (#6431) (#6438). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix external function declarations with class typedef references (#6433).
+* Fix internal error on out-of-bounds real array access.
+* Fix pre/post increments in assertions (#6434).
+* Fix elaboration displays with `%m` and some `%p` (#6445) (#6451). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix cast in gdbinit.py (#6447). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false unique assertions on `else ;` (#6450). [Don Owen]
+* Fix loss of clock attribute in DFG variable removal (#6453). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix data types of method calls without parenthesis (#6457). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix segfault on unsupported PLI calls (#6458). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix false assertion failure on failed DFG driver tracing (#6459). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix side effects when using select (#6460). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix timeprecision backward assignment (#6469). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix splitting hierarchically referenced variables (#6475). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows compilation of Verilator with spaces in the path (#6477). [Fabian Keßler-Schulz]
+* Fix PROTOTYPEMIS error on implicit logic (#6482). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix configure misdetecting C++14 (#6488) (#6515). [Thomas O'Keeffe]
+* Fix false BLKSEQ on non-edged sensitivity list (#6492). [Oron Port]
+* Fix .vlt public_flat* and others to support long identifier names (#6516). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix always_ff on constants (#6519). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix fault on operations on uninitialized strings (#6520). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix find_index methods of associative arrays (#6525). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parsing of `eventually[]` and property expression memory leaks (#6530). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix memory leak for unsupported `$past` (#6535). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix inconsistent force assignment (#6541). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing with partial assignments. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix passing typedef value as parameter (#6543) (#6547). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix indent error on quoted strings (#6544).
+* Fix incorrect nested interface-class error (#6549). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix std::process::get_randstate to not affect random stability (#6550) (#6565). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix exit code signal number reporting (#6554). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$finish` inside fork blocks (#6555). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix single element unpacked array DPI parameters. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix DFG synthesis non-determinism (#6557) (#6568). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix side effects for improved function/task/process purity (#6559). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix excessive logic replication in DFG circular driver tracing (#6561) (#6594). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical with parameterized instances under hier block (#6572). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault on type casts (#6574). [David Moberg]
+* Fix references to interfaces containing generate blocks (#6579). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix missing net type mappings in FST traces (#6582) (#6583). [Matt Stroud]
+* Fix function call expression coverage (#6589). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3Life eliminating assignments across timing controls (#6593) (#6596). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix incorrectly resuming process waiting on multiple events (#6597). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--hierarchical` with `--binary` (#6602). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix mis-ignoring virtual interface member triggers (#5116 reopened) (#6613). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix ENUMVALUE warning when overriding parameter using `-G/-pvalue` options. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `-G` and `-pvalue` with `--hierarchical`. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix waiving messages with empty contents (#6610). [Yoshitomo KANEDA]
+* Fix constant-arrayed instance parameters (#6614). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+
+
+Verilator 5.040 2025-08-30
+==========================
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add ENUMITEMWIDTH error, and apply to X-extended and ranged values.
+* Add NOEFFECT warning, replacing previous `foreach` error.
+* Add SPECIFYIGN warning for specify constructs that were previously silently ignored.
+* Add PARAMNODEFAULT error, for parameters without defaults.
+* Add enum base data type, wire data type, and I/O versus data declaration checking per IEEE.
+* Add PROTOTYPEMIS error on missing and mismatching prototypes (#6206) (#6207). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error when trying to assign class object to variable of non-class types (#6237). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add ALWNEVER warning, for `always @*` that never execute (#6291).
+* Add separate coverage counters for toggles 0->1 and 1->0 (#6086). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error on class 'function static'.
+* Add error on force/release non-constant selects.
+* Add `-DVERILATOR=1` definition to compiler flags when using verilated.mk.
+* Support member-level triggers for virtual interfaces (#5166) (#6148). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support unassigned virtual interfaces (#5265) (#6245). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomization of scope variables with 'std::randomize()' (#5438) (#6185). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support disabling a fork in additional contexts (#5432 partial) (#6174) (#6183). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support bit queue streaming (#5830) (#6103). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Support `$fread` with missing start (#6125). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Support unpacked array `with` methods (#6134).
+* Support Verilog real ports as SystemC double ports (#6136) (#6158). [George Polack]
+* Support `$countones` in constraints (#6144 partial) (#6235). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disable dotted references (#6154). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support randomize() on class member selects (#6161) (#6195). [Igor Zaworski, Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multiple variables on RHS of a `force` assignment (#6163). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support covergroup extends, etc., as unsupported (#6160). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support parameter resolution of 1D unpacked array slices (#6257) (#6268). [Michael Bedford Taylor]
+* Support generic interfaces (#6272). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support disabling a fork from within that fork (#6314). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support future sampled value functions.
+* Support simple disable within task (#6334). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support recursive constant functions.
+* Change control file `public_flat_*` and other signal attributes to support __ in names (#6140).
+* Change runtime to exit() instead of abort(), unless under +verilated+debug.
+* Change `$display("%p")` to remove space after `}`.
+* Improve `--skip-identical` to skip on identical input file contents (#6109).
+* Improve testing on FreeBSD (#6328). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Optimize to return memory when using -build (#6192) (#6226). [Michael B. Taylor]
+* Optimize 2 ** X to 1 << X if base is signed (#6203). [Max Wipfli]
+* Optimize more complex combinational logic in DFG (#6205) (#6209) (#6298). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize combinational cycles through arrays in DFG (#6210). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize variable removal in scoped DFG (#6260). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize acyclic DFG components into the original acyclic sub-graph. (#6261). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize multiplexers in DFG synthesis (#6331). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize interfaces in DFG (#6332). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize logic in non-virtual interfaces with DFG (#6347). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix loop initialization visibility outside loop (#4237).
+* Fix constructor parameters in inheritance hierarchies (#6036) (#6070). [Petr Nohavica]
+* Fix replicate of negative giving 'REPLICATE has no expected width' internal error (#6048) (#6229).
+* Fix cmake `-Wno` compiler flag testing (#6145). [Martin Stadler]
+* Fix class extends dotted error (#6162). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix genvar error with `-O0` (#6165). [Max Wipfli]
+* Fix uninitialized thread PGO counters (#6167). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix additional UNOPTFLAT combinational cycles automatically in DFG (#6168) (#6173) (#6176). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix omitting error when assigning to an input (#6169). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix parameter-dependent type linking (#6170). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix param-dependent class typedef linking (#6171). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual interface member propagation (#6175) (#6184). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix `--coverage-expr` null pointer dereference (#6181). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix conflicting function/class name linking error (#6182). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix negate of wide structure selections (#6186).
+* Fix VPI signal range order (#6189) (#6200). [Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz]
+* Fix structure select causing 'Wide Op' error (#6191). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix automatic task variables in unrolled loops with forks (#6194) (#6201). [Danny Oler]
+* Fix 'driver same component' assertion (#6211) (#6215). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--stats` overridden by skipping identical build (#6220). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix MODDUP with duplicate packages to take first package (#6222).
+* Fix replicate with unsigned count but MSB set (#6231) (#6233). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randomize on function-local variable (#6234).
+* Fix queue typedef with unbounded slice (#6236).
+* Fix error when force assignment is used with ref function args (#6244). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix write of 0 in '%c' (#6248) (#6249). [Rodrigo Batista de Moraes]
+* Fix coverage of variables of complex types (#6250). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix broken support of unassigned virtual interfaces (#6253) (#6338). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix partial DFG conversion of concat assignments (#6255). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix dynamic cast purity (#6267). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix same variable on the RHS forced to two different LHSs. (#6269). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix spurious VPI value change callbacks (#6274). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix stray ']' in Verilog code output for non-constant select (#6277). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix hierarchical NBAs (#6286) (#6300). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix variables hiding package imports (#6289). [Johan Wouters]
+* Fix DFG circular driver tracing. [Geza Lore]
+* Fix no matching function calls for randomized `VlWide` in unpacked and dynamic arrays (#6290). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix PowerPC support (#6292). [Sergey Fedorov]
+* Fix referencing module variables above classes (#6304). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix direct NBA to dynamically-sized variable (#6310). [Artur Bieniek, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix static vars under member select (#6313). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix expression type comparison (#6316). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix of inline constraints with member selects  (#6321). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix corner case bugs in module and variable inlining (#6322). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix queue extend to check bounds (#6324). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix gathering sensitivities from virtual interface members (#6325). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix FreeBSD missing headers (#6326). [Aleksander Kiryk]
+* Fix to select UDPs when they are the only candidate for a top module.
+* Fix splitting of assignments to SC variables (#6329) (#6336). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix to localize for super constructors with function calls as arguments (#6330). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wide select expansion and substitution (#6341) (#6345). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix upcasting class type parameters (#6344). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix undefined weak link for Apple GCC etc (#6348). [Congcong Cai]
+
+
+Verilator 5.038 2025-07-08
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Change `--assert` to be the default; use `--no-assert` for legacy behavior and faster runtimes.
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Support redeclaring type as non-type; major parsing change (#2412) (#6020) (#6042) (#6044).
+* Support scoped `new` (#4199).
+* Support elaboration-time printing of unpacked array with `%p` (#4732).
+* Support constrained random for associative arrays (#5985) (#5986). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support assignments to concatenations with impure RHS (#6002). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support SARIF JSON diagnostic output with `--diagnostics-sarif`. (#6017)
+* Support 1-bit params with -G and -pvalue (#6051) (#6082). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Support `specparam` (#5767) (#6142).
+* Support `$timeformat` with missing arguments (#6113). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Support non-overlapping blocking/non-blocking assignments (#6137). [Geza Lore]
+* Support parameter forward types.
+* Support constant functions with left-hand-side concatenates.
+* Add PROCINITASSIGN on initial assignments to process variables (#2481). [Niraj Menon]
+* Add BADVLTPRAGMA on unknown Verilator pragmas (#5945). [Shou-Li Hsu]
+* Add ternary operator into branch coverage (#5880). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add aggregate type error checks (#5570) (#5950). [Shou-Li Hsu]
+* Add `--work` library-selection option (#5891 partial).
+* Add `--filter-type` to verilator_coverage (#6030). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--hierarchical-threads` (#6037). [Bartłomiej Chmiel]
+* Add `MODMISSING` error, in place of unnamed error (#6054). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Add DFG binToOneHot pass to generate one-hot decoders (#6096). [Geza Lore]
+* Add hint of the signed right-hand-side in oversized replication error (#6098). [Peter Birch]
+* Improve hierarchical scheduling visualization in V3ExecGraph (#6009). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve DPI temporary 'for' loop performance (#6079). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve memory usage for SenTrees in V3OrderProcessDomains (#6112). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve docker image size (#6139). [Tobias Rosenkranz, bitaggregat GmbH]
+* Update docker base image to Ubuntu 24.04 (#6147). [Tobias Rosenkranz, bitaggregat GmbH]
+* Optimize DFG De Morgan patterns (#6090). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize DFG variable elimination (#6091). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize DFG PUSH_SEL_THROUGH_CONCAT pattern (#6092). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize DFG before V3Gate (#6141). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize DFG peephole patterns (#6149). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize constification within Expand and Subst stages (#6111). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix --x-initial and --x-assign random stability (#2662) (#5958) (#6018) (#6025) (#6075). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix trace hierarchical-name runtime errors (#5668) (#6076). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix streaming operator packing order (#5903) (#6077). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix filename backslash escapes in C code (#5947).
+* Fix C++ widths in V3Expand (#5953) (#5975). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix dependencies from different hierarchical schedules (#5954). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix constant propagation of post-expand stages (#5955) (#5963) (#5969) (#5972) (#5983).
+* Fix sign extension of signed compared with unsigned case items (#5968).
+* Fix always processes ignoring $finish (#5971). [Hennadii Chernyshchyk]
+* Fix method calls and new to access interface arrays (#5973). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix streaming to/from packed arrays (#5976). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix segfault writing timestamp to VCD after buffer flush (#5978) (#5980). [Dominick Grochowina]
+* Fix inconsistent assignment error with split-var (#5984) (#5988). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix AstAssignW conversion (#5991) (#5992). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix const-bit-op-tree with single-bit masks (#5993) (#5998). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix arithmetic right-shift by constants over 32 bits (#5994). [Zhen Yan]
+* Fix array bounds checking with class member selects (#5996) (#5997). [Krzysztof Starecki]
+* Fix checking for too-wide divide and modulus (#6003) (#6006). [Zhen Yan]
+* Fix folding of LteS in DfgPeephole (#6000) (#6004). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix slicing of AstExprStmt nodes (#6005). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix skipped generate blocks in toggle coverage (#6010). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix arithmetic left-shift by constants over 32 bits (#6007) (#6015). [Zhen Yan]
+* Fix concatenation and type casting (#6012) (#6013). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix wrong optimization result of shifted out variable (#6016) (#6019). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix missing FreeBSD include (#6027) (#6028). [Joel Bodenmann]
+* Fix associative arrays with enum keys (#6034) (#6035). [Petr Nohavica]
+* Fix GCC 10 read-only linker error (#6040). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix WIDTHCONCAT on packed pattern assignment (#6045). [Dan Petrisko]
+* Fix type operator for interface signals (#6049) (#6050). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix V3OrderParallel scoring contraction hang (#6052). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix virtual interface array typedef expressions (#6057).
+* Fix DFG peephole select conditionals (#6064) (#6071). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix `--skip-identical` skipping on some errors (#6066). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix class typedef elaboration (#6080). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked to packed parameter assignment (#6081) (#6088). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix casting reals to large integrals (#6085). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix nested hier blocks workers error (#6087). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `--lib-create` with double-underscore (#6099).
+* Fix DFG binToOneHot table index missing driver (#6100). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix decoding octal string escapes with 1-2 digits (#6108).
+* Fix colon-divide operator without space (#6121). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix variables declared in fork after taskify (#6126). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix method calls without parenthesis (#6127). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix `pre_randomize`/`post_randomize` when no randomize (#6128). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix wide non-blocking assignment mis-optimization (#6150) (#6152) (#6155). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix interface array connections with non-zero low declaration index.
+* Fix developer build error on MacOS/Flex2.6.4 (#6153). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix crash with --dumpi-V3LinkDot without --debug (#6159). [Igor Zaworski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dereferencing stale iterator in DfgVertex::scopep() (#6225) (#6227). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix component numbers of new Vertices in V3DfgBreakCycles (#6225) (#6228). [Geza Lore]
+
+
+Verilator 5.036 2025-04-27
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* Change `--output-groups` to default to value of `--build-jobs` (#5751).
+  Those using build farms may need to now use `--output-groups 0` or otherwise.
+* Support user-defined primitives (UDPs) (#468) (#5807) (#5936). [Zhou Shen, Krzysztof Sychla, et al]
+* Add `--trace-saif` for SAIF power traces (#5812) (#5914). [Mateusz Gancarz, Antmicro Ltd.]
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Change `--trace` to `--trace-vcd`.
+* Support simple `checker` blocks (#4066). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support force/release with a variable reference (#5721) (#5810). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constraint random for StructArray (#5805) (#5937). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support command-line overriding `define (#5900) (#5908). [Brian Li]
+* Support soft unions (#5912) (#5932). [Robin Heinemann]
+* Support `$setuphold` (#5884). [Krzysztof Sychla]
+* Support assigning unpacked arrays to queues (#5924) (#5928). [Brian Li]
+* Support `systemc_interface and related inside `class`.
+* Support class extends with arguments.
+* Add multi-thread hierarchical simulation (#2583) (#5871). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add check for `let` misused in statement context (#5733).
+* Add used language to `--preproc-resolve` output (#5795). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--make json` to enable integration with non-make/cmake build systems (#5799). [Andrew Voznytsa]
+* Add numactl-like automatic assignment of processor affinity (#5911).
+* Add ccache support for generated cmake files (#5926) (#5930). [Andrew Voznytsa]
+* Add visualization of multi-threaded waiting time with verilator_gantt (#5929). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add suggesting isolate_assignments to UNOPTFLAT (#5942). [John Khoo]
+* Add profiling of hierarchical mtasks with verilator_gantt (#5956). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add empty veriuser.h for legacy compatibility.
+* Add DEPRECATED warning on `--xml-only` and `--xml-output`.
+* Remove unused gtkwave/wavealloca.h. [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize automatic splitting of some packed variables (#5843). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize trigger vector in whole words (#5857). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix parameters referencing interface fields (#1593) (#5910). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface array assignments (#5270) (#5633) (#5869). [Nick Brereton]
+* Fix change detection at time 0 (#5499) (#5864). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix foreach of associative array inside a constraint block (#5727) (#5841). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix reset of automatic function variables (#5747). [Augustin Fabre]
+* Fix invalid code motion over branches (#5811) (#5814). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix sorting of wide SenItems (#5816). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix tcmalloc static link and non-22.04 builds (#5817) (#5818). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix error on out-of-range lvalue part select (#5820).
+* Fix UNOPTFLAT warnings with `--coverage-trace` and always_comb (#5821).
+* Fix function locals in SenExprBuilder (#5822). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix type_id package scope resolution (#5826). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `rand_mode` method with cast (#5831).
+* Fix invalidating variable caches in SenExprBulider (#5834) (#5835). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix assignment pattern as function argument (#5839).
+* Fix checking built-in method arguments (#5839).
+* Fix splitting of packed ports with non-zero based ranges (#5842). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix delays inside interface functions, and classes inside interfaces (#5846).
+* Fix NBA shared flag reuse (#5848). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix multiple expression coverage issues (#5849 partial) (#5867) (#5870). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix unresolved typedefs as parameters (#5850). [Eugene Feinberg, Brian Li]
+* Fix removal of callbacks no longer in current list (#5851) (#5852). [Gilberto Abram]
+* Fix segmentation fault on member compare (#5853).
+* Fix recursive error on virtual interfaces (#5854). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix streaming of unpacked arrays concatenations (#5856). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix Windows paths in Perl (#5858) (#5860). [Tobias Jensen]
+* Fix algorithm header portability in V3Os.cpp (for std::replace) (#5861). [William D. Jones]
+* Fix `$fscanf` not returning -1 on EOF (#5881).
+* Fix PGO profiling for multi-threaded hierarchical scenarios (#5888). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix V3Gate assertion on eliminated circular logic (#5889) (#5898). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix process comparisons (#5896).
+* Fix ccache with clang (#5899). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix delayed assignment malformed LHS assertion (#5904).
+* Fix segfault in fork synchronization (#5906). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `new this` (#5909).
+* Fix assignments with stream expressions and unpacked arrays (#5915). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix LATCH warning for automatic variables (#5918). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix %% on elaboration severity tasks (#5922). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Fix port default values with `--coverage-line` creating `0=0` (#5920). [Drew Ranck]
+* Fix vlSelf error on fork repeats (#5927). [Drew Ranck]
+* Fix missing C++ regeneration when Verilog files are updated (#5934). [Zhouyi Shen]
+* Fix stream expressions (#5938). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix packed selection using over 32-bit index (#5957).
 
 
 Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
@@ -40,6 +570,7 @@ Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
 * Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
 * Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
 * Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize some DFG multiplexers (#6822). [Yangyu Chen]
 * Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
 * Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
@@ -195,7 +726,7 @@ Verilator 5.030 2024-10-27
 * Fix short-circuiting with associative array access (#5484). [Ethan Sifferman]
 * Fix short-circuiting on method calls (#5486). [Ethan Sifferman]
 * Fix exponential concatenate performance (#5488). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
-* Fix V3Table trying to generate 'x' bits in the lookup table. (#5491). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix V3Table trying to generate 'x' bits in the lookup table (#5491). [Geza Lore]
 * Fix randomize with foreach constraints (#5492). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix explicit CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX usages (#5500). [Fabian Keßler]
 * Fix configure inserting absolute paths for Python and Perl (#5504) (#5505). [Nathan Graybeal]
@@ -253,7 +784,7 @@ Verilator 5.028 2024-08-21
 * Add parsing but otherwise ignore std::randomize (#5354). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Add Verilated cc define when `--timing` used (#5383). [Kaleb Barrett]
 * Improve emitted code to use a reference for VlSelf (#5254). [Yangyu Chen]
-* Fix monitor block sensitivity items (#4400) (#5294). [Udaya Raj Subedi]
+* Fix monitor block sensitivity items (#4040) (#4400) (#5294). [Udaya Raj Subedi]
 * Fix fusing macro arguments to not ignore whitespace (#5061). [Tudor Timi]
 * Fix optimized-out sensitivity trees with `--timing` (#5080) (#5349). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix classes/modules of case-similar names (#5109). [Arkadiusz Kozdra]
@@ -280,7 +811,7 @@ Verilator 5.028 2024-08-21
 * Fix static variable initializers in procedures (#5296). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix randomizing current object with `rand` class instance member (#5292). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix handling of rand fields not referenced in constraints (#5305). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
-* Fix Python3 path discovery in make flows to avoid mixing system and user python interpreters (#5307) [Markus Krause]
+* Fix Python3 path discovery in make flows to avoid mixing system and user python interpreters (#5307). [Markus Krause]
 * Fix make flows to pass PYTHON3 (like PERL) (#5307) (#5308). [Markus Krause]
 * Fix assert on wide expression (#5319) (#5324). [Varun Koyyalagunta]
 * Fix output clock variable overwriting signal (#5320)  (#5347). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
@@ -459,7 +990,7 @@ Verilator 5.022 2024-02-24
 * Fix `vpi_get()` and `vpi_get64()` to return vpiUndefined on errors (#4795). [Marlon James]
 * Fix VPI parameter iteration (#4798). [Marlon James]
 * Fix delays using wrong timeunit when modules inlined (#4806). [Paul Wright]
-* Fix warnings in verilated_sc_trace.h for Clang. (#4807) (#4827). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix warnings in verilated_sc_trace.h for Clang (#4807) (#4827). [Anthony Donlon]
 * Fix null pointer dereference (#4810) (#4825). [Adrian Sampson]
 * Fix compilation error on multi-inherited interface class usage (#4819).
 * Fix maybe-uninitialized compiler warning (#4820) (#4822). [Larry Doolittle]
@@ -537,7 +1068,7 @@ Verilator 5.020 2024-01-01
 * Fix conflicted namespace for coroutines (#4701) (#4707). [Jinyan Xu]
 * Fix compilers seeing empty input due to file system races (#4708). [Flavien Solt]
 * Fix shift of > 32-bit number (#4719). [Flavien Solt]
-* Fix Windows include gates in filesystem Flush implementation. (#4720). [William D. Jones]
+* Fix Windows include gates in filesystem Flush implementation (#4720). [William D. Jones]
 * Fix power operator with wide numbers and constants (#4721) (#4763). [Flavien Solt]
 * Fix parameter passing to ports (#4723). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix block names of nested do..while loops (#4728). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
@@ -546,7 +1077,7 @@ Verilator 5.020 2024-01-01
 * Fix $finish twice to no longer exit (#4757). [Tim Hutt]
 * Fix dynamic NBA conditions (#4773). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
 * Fix `V3Fork` stage to run only if `--timing` is set (#4778). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
-* Fix max multiply width and add runtime assertions if too small. (#4781)
+* Fix max multiply width and add runtime assertions if too small (#4781).
 * Fix select value too wide (#5148) (#5153). [Dercury]
 
 
@@ -663,7 +1194,7 @@ Verilator 5.016 2023-09-16
 * Fix nested assignments on the LHS (#4435). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix false MULTITOP on bound interfaces (#4438). [Alex Solomatnikov]
 * Fix internal error on real conversion (#4447). [vdhotre-ventana]
-* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [jwoutersymatra]
+* Fix lifetime unknown error on enum.name (#4448). [Johan Wouters]
 * Fix unstable output of VHashSha256 (#4453). [Anthony Donlon]
 * Fix static cast from a stream type (#4469) (#4485). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix error on enum with VARHIDDEN of cell (#4482). [Michail Rontionov]
@@ -1211,7 +1742,7 @@ Verilator 4.218 2022-01-17
 
 * Support class static members (#2233).
 * Support force/release (#2431) (#2593). [Shunyao CAD]
-* Add 'forceable' attribute to allow forcing from C++. (#3272). [Geza Lore, Shunyao CAD]
+* Add 'forceable' attribute to allow forcing from C++ (#3272). [Geza Lore, Shunyao CAD]
 * Support lower dimension looping in foreach loops (#3172). [Ehab Ibrahim]
 * Support up to 64 bit enums for .next/.prev/.name (#3244). [Alexander Grobman]
 * Reduce .rodata footprint of trace initialization (#3250). [Geza Lore, Shunyao CAD]
@@ -1435,7 +1966,7 @@ Verilator 4.200 2021-03-12
 **Major:**
 
 * Add simulation context (VerilatedContext) to allow multiple fully independent
-  models to be in the same process. Please see the updated examples. (#2660)
+  models to be in the same process. Please see the updated examples (#2660).
 * Add context->time() and context->timeInc() API calls, to set simulation time.
   These now are recommended in place of the legacy sc_time_stamp().
 
@@ -1446,7 +1977,7 @@ Verilator 4.200 2021-03-12
 * Fix slice-assign overflow (#2803) (#2811). [David Turner]
 * Fix interface array connection ordering broken in v4.110 (#2827). [Don Owen]
 * Fix or-reduction on different scopes broken in 4.110 (#2828). [Yinan Xu]
-* Fix MSVC++ compile error. (#2831) (#2833) [Drew Taussig]
+* Fix MSVC++ compile error (#2831) (#2833). [Drew Taussig]
 
 
 Verilator 4.110 2021-02-25
@@ -1501,7 +2032,7 @@ Verilator 4.108 2021-01-10
 * Fix vpiLeftRange on little-endian memories (#2696). [Marlon James]
 * Fix VPI module tree (#2704). [Todd Strader]
 * Fix vpi_release_handle to be called implicitly per IEEE (#2706).
-* Fix to allow inheriting 'VerilatedVcdFile' class. (#2720) [HyungKi Jeong]
+* Fix to allow inheriting 'VerilatedVcdFile' class (#2720). [HyungKi Jeong]
 * Fix $urandom_range maximum value (#2723). [Nandu Raj]
 * Fix tracing empty sc module (#2729).
 * Fix generate for unrolling to be signed (#2730). [yanx21]
@@ -1607,11 +2138,11 @@ Verilator 4.040 2020-08-15
 **Minor:**
 
 * Fix arrayed interfaces, broke in 4.038 (#2468). [Josh Redford]
-* Support $stable, $rose and $fell.  (#2148) (#2501) [Peter Monsson]
+* Support $stable, $rose and $fell (#2148) (#2501). [Peter Monsson]
 * Support simple function localparams (#2461). [James Hanlon]
 * Miscellaneous parsing error changes towards UVM support.
 * Fix arrayed interfaces (#2469).  [Josh Redford]
-* Fix protect lib VCS warning. (#2479) [Julien Margetts]
+* Fix protect lib VCS warning (#2479). [Julien Margetts]
 * Fix combining different-width parameters (#2484). [abirkmanis]
 * Fix protect-lib without sequential logic (#2492). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
 * Fix V3Unknown from running with flat XML output (#2494). [James Hanlon]
@@ -1667,16 +2198,16 @@ Verilator 4.036 2020-06-06
   waivers to the warnings emitted during a Verilator run.
 * Support verilator_coverage --write-info for lcov HTML reports.
 * Line Coverage now tracks all statement lines, not just branch lines.
-* The run-time library is now compiled with -Os by default. (#2369, #2373)
+* The run-time library is now compiled with -Os by default (#2369, #2373).
 * Support multi channel descriptor I/O (#2190) [Stephen Henry]
-* Support $countbits. (#2287) [Yossi Nivin]
-* Support $isunbounded and parameter $. (#2104)
+* Support $countbits (#2287). [Yossi Nivin]
+* Support $isunbounded and parameter $ (#2104).
 * Support unpacked array .sum and .product.
-* Support prefix/postfix increment/decrement. (#2223) [Maciej Sobkowski]
+* Support prefix/postfix increment/decrement (#2223). [Maciej Sobkowski]
 * Fix FST tracing of little bit endian signals. [Geza Lore]
-* Fix +: and -: on unpacked arrays. (#2304) [engr248]
+* Fix +: and -: on unpacked arrays (#2304). [engr248]
 * Fix $isunknown with constant Z's.
-* Fix queues and dynamic array wide ops. (#2352) [Vassilis Papaefstathiou]
+* Fix queues and dynamic array wide ops (#2352). [Vassilis Papaefstathiou]
 
 
 Verilator 4.034 2020-05-03
@@ -4989,7 +5520,7 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========
 
-Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2001-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

Makefile.in

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 # Compile options
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_DEFENV = @CFG_WITH_DEFENV@
+CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV = @CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 CFG_WITH_SOLVER = @CFG_WITH_SOLVER@
 PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
@@ -104,45 +105,45 @@ PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
 SHELL = /bin/sh
 
 SUBDIRS = docs src test_regress \
-	examples/cmake_hello_c \
-	examples/cmake_hello_sc \
-	examples/cmake_tracing_c \
-	examples/cmake_tracing_sc \
-	examples/cmake_protect_lib \
-	examples/make_hello_binary \
-	examples/make_hello_c \
-	examples/make_hello_sc \
-	examples/make_tracing_c \
-	examples/make_tracing_sc \
-	examples/make_protect_lib \
-	examples/json_py \
+  examples/cmake_hello_c \
+  examples/cmake_hello_sc \
+  examples/cmake_tracing_c \
+  examples/cmake_tracing_sc \
+  examples/cmake_protect_lib \
+  examples/make_hello_binary \
+  examples/make_hello_c \
+  examples/make_hello_sc \
+  examples/make_tracing_c \
+  examples/make_tracing_sc \
+  examples/make_protect_lib \
+  examples/json_py \
 
 INFOS = verilator.html verilator.pdf
 
 INFOS_OLD = README README.html README.pdf
 
 EXAMPLES_FIRST = \
-	examples/make_hello_c \
-	examples/make_hello_sc \
+  examples/make_hello_c \
+  examples/make_hello_sc \
 
 EXAMPLES = $(EXAMPLES_FIRST) $(filter-out $(EXAMPLES_FIRST), $(sort $(wildcard examples/*)))
 
 # See uninstall also - don't put wildcards in this variable, it might uninstall other stuff
 # No verilator_ccache_report.1, verilator_difftree.1 as those are not bin/ installed
 VL_INST_MAN_FILES = \
-	verilator.1 \
-	verilator_coverage.1 \
-	verilator_gantt.1 \
-	verilator_profcfunc.1 \
+  verilator.1 \
+  verilator_coverage.1 \
+  verilator_gantt.1 \
+  verilator_profcfunc.1 \
 
 default: all
 all: all_nomsg msg_test
 all_nomsg: verilator_exe $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
-.PHONY:verilator_exe
-.PHONY:verilator_bin$(EXEEXT)
-.PHONY:verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
-.PHONY:verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_exe
+.PHONY: verilator_bin$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
+.PHONY: verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT)
 verilator_exe verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT):
 	@echo ------------------------------------------------------------
 	@echo "making verilator in src"
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ verilator_exe verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) verilator_covera
 ######################################################################
 # Tests
 
-.PHONY:msg_test
+.PHONY: msg_test
 msg_test: all_nomsg
 	@echo "Build complete!"
 	@echo
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test-snap test-diff:
 
 examples: all_nomsg
 	for p in $(EXAMPLES) ; do \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -213,8 +214,8 @@ verilator.html:
 verilator.pdf: Makefile
 	$(MAKE) -C docs verilator.pdf
 
-TAGFILES=${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
-	${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
+TAGFILES = ${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
+  ${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
 
 TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
 	etags $(TAGFILES)
@@ -224,42 +225,49 @@ TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
 doxygen:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs doxygen
 
+.PHONY: spelling
+spelling:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs spelling
+
 ######################################################################
 # Install
 
 # Public executables intended to be invoked directly by the user
 # Don't put wildcards in these variables, it might cause an uninstall of other stuff
-VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES = verilator \
-                              verilator_coverage \
-                              verilator_gantt \
-                              verilator_profcfunc \
+VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES = \
+  verilator \
+  verilator_coverage \
+  verilator_gantt \
+  verilator_profcfunc \
 
-VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES = verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) \
-                           verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
-                           verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
+VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES = \
+  verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) \
+  verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
+  verilator_coverage_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) \
 
 # Private executabels intended to be invoked by internals
 # Don't put wildcards in these variables, it might cause an uninstall of other stuff
-VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES = verilator_ccache_report \
-                               verilator_includer \
+VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES = \
+  verilator_ccache_report \
+  verilator_includer \
 
 VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES = \
-	include/verilated_config.h \
-	include/verilated.mk \
+  include/verilated_config.h \
+  include/verilated.mk \
 
 # Files under srcdir, instead of build time
 VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES = \
-	include/*.[chv]* \
-	include/*.vlt \
-	include/*.sv \
-	include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
-	include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
+  include/*.[chv]* \
+  include/*.vlt \
+  include/*.sv \
+  include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
+  include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
 
 VL_INST_DATA_SRCDIR_FILES = \
-	examples/*/*.[chv]* \
-	examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
-	examples/*/Makefile* \
-	examples/*/vl_* \
+  examples/*/*.[chv]* \
+  examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
+  examples/*/Makefile* \
+  examples/*/vl_* \
 
 mkbindirs:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin
@@ -268,7 +276,7 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
 	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
@@ -276,11 +284,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
@@ -290,7 +298,7 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -299,14 +307,14 @@ installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 installman: $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $^ ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$$p; \
 	done
 
 installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/gtkwave
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/include/vltstd
 	for p in $(VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
@@ -385,55 +393,55 @@ install-msg:
 ######################################################################
 # Format/Lint
 
-# Use --xml flag to see the cppcheck code to use for suppression
-CPPCHECK1_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK2_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK3_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK4_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[A-D]*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK5_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[E-I]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK6_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[P-Z]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK7_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[L-R]*.cpp)
-CPPCHECK8_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3[S-Z]*.cpp)
-CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK1_CPP) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP) \
-	$(CPPCHECK5_CPP) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/V3*.cpp $(srcdir)/src/Verilator*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/src/Vlc*.cpp)
+CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
+CHECK_CPP = $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
 CHECK_H = $(wildcard \
-	$(srcdir)/include/*.h \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.h )
+  $(srcdir)/include/*.h \
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.h )
 CHECK_YL = $(wildcard \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.y \
-	$(srcdir)/src/*.l )
-CPPCHECK = src/cppcheck_filtered cppcheck
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all --inline-suppr \
-	--suppress=cstyleCast --suppress=useInitializationList \
-	--suppress=nullPointer --suppress=nullPointerRedundantCheck --suppress=ctunullpointer \
-	--suppress=unusedFunction --suppress=unusedScopedObject \
-	--suppress=useStlAlgorithm
-CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --xml
-CPPCHECK_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cppcheck,$(CHECK_CPP))
-CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.y \
+  $(srcdir)/src/*.l )
+CPPCHECK = cppcheck
+CPPCHECK_JOBS = $(shell nproc)
+CPPCHECK_CACHE = $(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg/cppcheck-cache
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --inline-suppr
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --suppressions-list=$(srcdir)/src/cppcheck-suppressions.txt
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --cppcheck-build-dir=$(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 -DINFILTER_PIPE=1 -D__GNUC__=1
+CPPCHECK_FLAGS += -j$(CPPCHECK_JOBS)
+CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg
+CPPCHECK_INC += -I$(srcdir)/src
 
-cppcheck: cppcheck-1 cppcheck-2 cppcheck-3 cppcheck-4 cppcheck-5 cppcheck-6 cppcheck-7 cppcheck-8
-cppcheck-1:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK1_CPP)
-cppcheck-2:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK2_CPP)
-cppcheck-3:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK3_CPP)
-cppcheck-4:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK4_CPP)
-cppcheck-5:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK5_CPP)
-cppcheck-6:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK6_CPP)
-cppcheck-7:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK7_CPP)
-cppcheck-8:
-	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1 $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK8_CPP)
+$(CPPCHECK_CACHE): $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL)
+	/bin/rm -rf $@
+	/bin/mkdir -p $@
+
+cppcheck-verilator: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VERILATOR_CPP)
+cppcheck-runtime: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_RUNTIME_CPP)
+cppcheck-vlc: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_VLC_CPP)
+cppcheck-examples: | $(CPPCHECK_CACHE)
+	$(CPPCHECK) $(CPPCHECK_FLAGS) $(CPPCHECK_INC) $(CPPCHECK_EXAMPLES_CPP)
+
+cppcheck:
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-vlc
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-examples
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-runtime
+	$(MAKE) cppcheck-verilator
 
 CLANGTIDY = clang-tidy
 CLANGTIDY_FLAGS = -config='' \
-	-header-filter='.*' \
-	-checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
+  -header-filter='.*' \
+  -checks='-fuchsia-*,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,-cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-readability-magic-numbers,-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage' \
 
 CLANGTIDY_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cpp.tidy,$(CHECK_CPP))
 CLANGTIDY_DEFS = -DVL_DEBUG=1 -DVL_CPPCHECK=1
@@ -452,81 +460,148 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format:
-	$(MAKE) -j 4 format-c format-py format-exec
+# Bash/sh files
+BASH_FILES = \
+  ci/ci-install.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages-notify.bash \
+  ci/ci-pages.bash \
+  ci/ci-script.bash \
+  ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-docker \
+  ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh \
+  nodist/fuzzer/all \
+  nodist/fuzzer/run \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_root \
+  nodist/fuzzer/setup_user \
 
-CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-14
+# CMake files
+CMAKE_FILES = \
+  CMakeLists.txt \
+  examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
+  src/CMakeLists.txt \
+  test_regress/CMakeLists.txt \
+  *.cmake.in \
+
+# Makefiles
+MAKE_FILES = \
+  Makefile*.in \
+  docs/Makefile* \
+  include/verilated.mk.in \
+  examples/*/Makefile* \
+  src/Makefile*.in \
+  test_regress/Makefile* \
+
+# Perl programs
+PERL_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/redirect \
+  bin/verilator \
+  bin/verilator_coverage \
+
+# Python programs, subject to format and lint
+PY_PROGRAMS = \
+  bin/verilator_ccache_report \
+  bin/verilator_difftree \
+  bin/verilator_gantt \
+  bin/verilator_includer \
+  bin/verilator_profcfunc \
+  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
+  docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
+  docs/guide/conf.py \
+  examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+  examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
+  nodist/clang_check_attributes \
+  nodist/dot_importer \
+  nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
+  nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
+  nodist/install_test \
+  nodist/lint_py_test_filter \
+  nodist/log_changes \
+  nodist/uvm_pkg_packer \
+  nodist/verilator_saif_diff \
+  src/.gdbinit.py \
+  src/astgen \
+  src/bisonpre \
+  src/config_rev \
+  src/flexfix \
+  src/vlcovgen \
+  test_regress/*.py \
+  test_regress/t/*.pf \
+
+# Python files, subject to format but not lint
+PY_FILES = \
+  $(PY_PROGRAMS) \
+  test_regress/t/*.py \
+
+# Python files, test_regress tests
+PY_TEST_FILES = test_regress/t/*.py
+
+# YAML files
+YAML_FILES = \
+  .*.yaml \
+  .*.yml \
+  .github/*.yml \
+  .github/*/*.yml \
+  CITATION.cff \
+
+######################################################################
+# Format
+
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 5 format-c format-cmake format-exec format-py format-yaml
+
+BEAUTYSH = beautysh
+BEAUTYSH_FLAGS = --indent-size 2
+
+format-bash:
+	$(BEAUTYSH) --version
+	$(BEAUTYSH) $(BEAUTYSH_FLAGS) $(BASH_FILES)
+
+CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-18
 CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
 CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
 
 format-c clang-format:
-	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | egrep 14.0 > /dev/null \
-		|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-14, indents may differ from master's ***"
+	$(CLANGFORMAT) --version
+	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | fgrep 'version 18' > /dev/null \
+	|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-18, indents may differ from master's ***"
 	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
 
-YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i --no-warn-about-unknown-commands
 
-yamlfix:
-	$(YAMLFIX) .
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) --version
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
 
-# CMake files
-CMAKE_FILES = \
-	CMakeLists.txt \
-	examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
-	src/CMakeLists.txt \
-	test_regress/CMakeLists.txt \
-	*.cmake.in \
+MBAKE = mbake
+MBAKE_FLAGS = format --config ./.bake.toml
 
-# Python programs, subject to format and lint
-PY_PROGRAMS = \
-	bin/verilator_ccache_report \
-	bin/verilator_difftree \
-	bin/verilator_gantt \
-	bin/verilator_includer \
-	bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-	examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
-	examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
-	docs/guide/conf.py \
-	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
-	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
-	src/astgen \
-	src/bisonpre \
-	src/config_rev \
-	src/cppcheck_filtered \
-	src/flexfix \
-	src/vlcovgen \
-	src/.gdbinit.py \
-	test_regress/*.py \
-	test_regress/t/*.pf \
-	nodist/clang_check_attributes \
-	nodist/code_coverage \
-	nodist/dot_importer \
-	nodist/fuzzer/actual_fail \
-	nodist/fuzzer/generate_dictionary \
-	nodist/install_test \
-	nodist/log_changes \
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
 
-# Python files, subject to format but not lint
-PY_FILES = \
-	$(PY_PROGRAMS) \
-	nodist/code_coverage.dat \
-	test_regress/t/*.py \
+format-make mbake:
+	$(MBAKE) --version
+	$(MBAKE) $(MBAKE_FLAGS) $(MAKE_FILES)
 
-# Python files, test_regress tests
-PY_TEST_FILES = \
-	test_regress/t/*.py \
-
-YAPF = yapf3
+YAPF = yapf
 YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
 format-py yapf:
+	$(YAPF) --version
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
-GERSEMI = gersemi
-GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=200 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+YAMLFIX_FLAGS =
 
-format-cmake:
-	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+format-yaml yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) --version
+	$(YAMLFIX) $(YAMLFIX_FLAGS) $(YAML_FILES)
+
+######################################################################
+# Lint
+
+MYPY = mypy
+MYPY_FLAGS = --strict --no-error-summary
 
 PYLINT = pylint
 PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
@@ -537,7 +612,16 @@ RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-mypy lint-py-mypy-none lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
+
+lint-py-mypy:
+	for filename in `fgrep -l '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`; do \
+		echo "$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename" ; \
+		$(MYPY) $(MYPY_FLAGS) $$filename ; \
+	done
+
+lint-py-mypy-none:
+	@echo "mypy not checking: " `fgrep -L '# mypy' $(PY_PROGRAMS)`
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
@@ -548,9 +632,6 @@ lint-py-pylint-tests:
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
-
 ######################################################################
 # Configure
 
@@ -573,6 +654,149 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Coverage collection and reporting
+
+COVERAGE_DIR := obj_coverage
+
+ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV),yes)
+
+# Figure out base and head refs for coverage report
+COVERAGE_REF_BASE := $(if $(COVERAGE_BASE),$(shell git rev-parse --short $(COVERAGE_BASE)))
+COVERAGE_REF_HEAD := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+override undefine COVERAGE_BASE # Use the above variabels instead
+
+# 'fastcov' setup
+FASTCOV := nodist/fastcov.py
+FASTCOV_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+FASTCOV_OPT += --lcov
+FASTCOV_OPT += --process-gcno
+FASTCOV_OPT += --branch-coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --dump-statistic
+# Files matching the following glob patterns will be excluded from coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-glob
+FASTCOV_OPT += '/usr/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*examples/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*include/gtkwave/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_dbg/*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/*.yy.cpp'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Ast*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3Dfg*'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*src/obj_opt/V3ParseBison.c'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '*test_regress/*'
+# Lines *containing* these substrings will be excluded from *all* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --custom-exclusion-marker
+FASTCOV_OPT += ASTGEN_MEMBERS
+FASTCOV_OPT += ERROR_RSVD_WORD
+FASTCOV_OPT += LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+FASTCOV_OPT += V3ERROR_NA
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_DEFINE_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_FATAL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_RTTI_IMPL
+FASTCOV_OPT += VL_UNREACHABLE
+FASTCOV_OPT += v3fatalSrc
+# Lines *starting* with these substrings will be ecluded from *branch* coverage
+FASTCOV_OPT += --exclude-br-lines-starting-with
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_BASE_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += BROKEN_RTN
+FASTCOV_OPT += NUM_ASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += SELF_CHECK
+FASTCOV_OPT += UASSERT
+FASTCOV_OPT += UINFO
+FASTCOV_OPT += assert
+FASTCOV_OPT += 'if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+FASTCOV_OPT += '} else if (VL_UNCOVERABLE'
+
+# 'genhtml' setup
+GENHTML := genhtml
+GENHTML_OPT := -j $(shell nproc)
+GENHTML_OPT += --branch-coverage
+GENHTML_OPT += --demangle-cpp
+GENHTML_OPT += --missed
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc branch_coverage=1
+GENHTML_OPT += --rc genhtml_hi_limit=100
+GENHTML_OPT += --ignore-errors negative
+ifeq ($(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),)
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Code coverage for Verilator $(shell git describe --dirty)"
+else
+GENHTML_OPT += --header-title "Patch coverage for Verilator $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE)..$(COVERAGE_REF_HEAD)$(if $(shell git status --porcelain),-dirty)"
+endif
+GENHTML_OPT += --flat
+GENHTML_OPT += --precision 2
+GENHTML_OPT += --legend
+GENHTML_OPT += --show-proportion
+GENHTML_OPT += --filter brace,blank,range
+
+# There are loads (~20k combined), but using this seems fine on modern hardware
+GCNO_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcno')
+GCDA_FILES = $(shell find . -name '*.gcda')
+
+# Combine all .gcda coverage date files into lcov .info file
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info: $(GCNO_FILES) $(GCDA_FILES)
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: combining all .gcda files into lcov .info"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@mkdir -p $(COVERAGE_DIR)
+	/usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(FASTCOV) $(FASTCOV_OPT) --output $@
+
+# Filter combined .info file for patch coverage
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# fastcov: Filtering for patch coverage"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	rm -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	git diff $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE) -- include src > $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+	[ -s $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch ]] || touch $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch
+	$(FASTCOV) -C $^ --lcov -o $@ --diff-filter $(COVERAGE_DIR)/filter.patch
+
+# Build coverage report
+$(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),-patch).info
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@echo "# genhtml: Generating coverage report"
+	@echo "####################################################################"
+	@rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report
+	[ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]] || /usr/bin/time -f "That took %E" \
+	$(GENHTML) $(GENHTML_OPT) --output-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report $^ || true
+	@# Uncommitted changes not tracked, force rebuild on next run if patch coverage
+	@$(if $(COVERAGE_REF_BASE),mv $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch.info $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator-patch-last.info)
+
+# Convenience targets
+.PHONY: coverage-combine
+coverage-combine: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/verilator.info
+
+# Via recursive make, so the message is always printed
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report:
+	@$(MAKE) --no-print-directory $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+	@if [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Coverage report is at: $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html"; \
+		echo "# Use 'make coverage-view' to open it in your default browser"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	elif [ -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/empty-patch ]; then \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Patch is empty"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+	else \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		echo "# Failed to create coverage report. Maybe no data, or error?"; \
+		echo "####################################################################"; \
+		false; \
+	fi
+
+# Open covarage report in default web browser
+.PHONY: coverage-view
+coverage-view: coverage-report
+	@test -f $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html && open $(COVERAGE_DIR)/report/index.html || true
+
+# Deletes all coverage data files (.gcda)
+.PHONY: coverage-zero
+coverage-zero: # 'rm $(GCDA_FILES)' might fail with too many args
+	$(FASTCOV) --zerocounters
+
+endif
+
 ######################################################################
 # Clean
 
@@ -583,8 +807,8 @@ maintainer-clean::
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean maintainer-copy::
 	for dir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
-	  echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
-	  $(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
+		echo making $@ in $$dir ; \
+		$(MAKE) -C $$dir $@ ; \
 	done
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
@@ -595,13 +819,15 @@ clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.tex
 	rm -rf examples/*/obj_dir* examples/*/logs
 	rm -rf test_*/obj_dir
+	rm -rf src/*.tidy include/*.tidy examples/*/*.tidy
+	rm -rf .ruff_cache
 	rm -rf nodist/fuzzer/dictionary
-	rm -rf nodist/obj_dir
+	rm -rf $(COVERAGE_DIR)
 	rm -rf verilator.txt
 
 distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f *.info* *.1 $(INFOS) $(INFOS_OLD) $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
-	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log TAGS
+	rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache config.log configure~ TAGS
 	rm -f verilator_bin* verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
@@ -626,3 +852,20 @@ preexist:
 
 maintainer-dist: preexist tag
 	svnorcvs release $(DISTTAGNAME)
+
+######################################################################
+# Python venv
+
+VENV_PATH ?= .venv
+
+.PHONY: venv
+venv:
+	# Create virtual environment using the python3 picked up by configure
+	[ -e $(VENV_PATH) ] || @PYTHON3@ -m venv --system-site-packages $(VENV_PATH)
+	# Install python3 dependencies
+	$(VENV_PATH)/bin/pip3 install -r python-dev-requirements.txt
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed Python virtual environment, in:"
+	@echo "  $(VENV_PATH)"
+	@echo "To activate, run:"
+	@echo "  source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate"

README.rst

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 .. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
 .. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
 
-|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge6| |badge7|
+|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge7| |badge8|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
-    :target: https://verilator.org
+   :target: https://verilator.org
 .. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%20v3-blue.svg
-    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
+   :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0
 .. |badge3| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Artistic%202.0-0298c3.svg
-    :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
+   :target: https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0
 .. |badge4| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/verilator.svg?header=distro%20packages
-    :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/verilator/versions
 .. |badge5| image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/verilator/verilator
-    :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
-.. |badge6| image:: https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/fa78caa433c84a4ab9049c43e9debc6f
-    :target: https://www.codacy.com/gh/verilator/verilator
+   :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+   :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
+.. |badge8| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/verilator/verilator/rtlmeter.yml?branch=master&event=schedule&label=benchmarks
+   :target: https://verilator.github.io/verilator-rtlmeter-results
 
 
 Welcome to Verilator
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
    * - **Widely Used**
         * Wide industry and academic deployment
         * Out-of-the-box support from Arm and RISC-V vendor IP
+        * Over 700 contributors
      - |verilator usage|
    * - |verilator community|
      - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ Welcome to Verilator
 What Verilator Does
 ===================
 
-Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
+Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS. It
 "Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
 performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
 coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multithreaded .cpp and .h
@@ -68,21 +69,21 @@ Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.
 Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
 replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
 mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
-to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
+`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork). However, if you are looking for a path to
+migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
 designs, Verilator is the tool for you.
 
 
 Performance
 ===========
 
-Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
-Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
-thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
-module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
-thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
-as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
+Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC.
+Rather, Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and
+optionally thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a
+C++/SystemC module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes
+even on a single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a
+single thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators
+such as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).
 
 Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus closed-source
@@ -100,8 +101,8 @@ For more information:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
@@ -131,26 +132,29 @@ organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
 Related Projects
 ================
 
-- `GTKwave <http://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
+- `GTKwave <https://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
   Verilator traces.
 
-- `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a full-featured interpreted Verilog
+- `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a highly-featured interpreted Verilog
   simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.
 
+- `Surfer <https://surfer-project.org/>`_ - Web or offline waveform viewer
+  for Verilator traces.
+
 
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
 Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.
 
-.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
-.. _Icarus Verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
-.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
+.. _chips alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
+.. _icarus verilog: https://steveicarus.github.io/iverilog
+.. _linux foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
 .. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
 .. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
 .. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png

bin/redirect

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.

bin/verilator

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 
 $Debug = 0;
+my $opt_aslr;
 my $opt_gdb;
 my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 }
 
 # Insert debugging options up front
+# (VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS is not a documented nor official supported feature)
 push @ARGV, (split ' ', $ENV{VERILATOR_TEST_FLAGS} || "");
 
 # We sneak a look at the flags so we can do some pre-environment checks
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
           "debug"            => \&debug,
           # "version!"       => \&version,   # Also passthru'ed
           # Switches
+          "aslr!"            => \$opt_aslr,
           "gdb!"             => \$opt_gdb,
           "gdbbt!"           => \$opt_gdbbt,
           "quiet!"           => \$opt_quiet_exit,  # As -quiet implies -quiet-exit
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ my @quoted_sw = map { sh_escape($_) } @Opt_Verilator_Sw;
 if ($opt_gdb) {
     # Generic GDB interactive
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . ($ENV{VERILATOR_GDB} || "gdb")
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          # Note, uncomment to set breakpoints before running:
@@ -114,13 +117,13 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_rr) {
     # Record with rr
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "rr record " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($opt_gdbbt && $Debug) {
     # Run under GDB to get gdbbt
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . "gdb"
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " --batch --quiet --return-child-result"
@@ -130,24 +133,24 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
 } elsif ($opt_valgrind) {
     # Run under valgrind
     my $valgrind_bin = ($ENV{VERILATOR_VALGRIND} || "valgrind --error-exitcode=1 --max-stackframe=2815880"
-        # Magic number sugested by valgrind, may need to be increased in future
+        # Magic number suggested by Valgrind, may need to be increased in future
         # if you get warnings. See: https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/manual-core.html#opt.max-stackframe
         );
 
     run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-         . aslr_off()
+         . aslr(0)
          . $valgrind_bin
          . " " . verilator_bin()
          . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
     # Debug
     run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
-        . aslr_off()
+        . aslr(0)
         . verilator_bin()
         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } else {
     # Normal, non gdb
-    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
+    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited() . aslr(1) . verilator_bin() . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 }
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -192,21 +195,37 @@ sub gdb_works {
     return $status == 0;
 }
 
-sub aslr_off {
-    my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
-    if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
-        return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
-    } else {
-        return "";
+sub aslr {
+    my $want_on = shift;
+    $want_on = $opt_aslr if defined $opt_aslr;
+    if (!$want_on) {
+        my $ok = `setarch --addr-no-randomize echo ok 2>/dev/null` || "";
+        if ($ok =~ /ok/) {
+            return "setarch --addr-no-randomize ";
+        }
     }
+    return "";
 }
 
 sub ulimit_stack_unlimited {
     return "" if !$opt_unlimited_stack;
-    system("ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null");
+    my $limit = "unlimited";
+    # AddressSanitizer doesn't work with 'ulimit -s unlimted'
+    if (`${\(verilator_bin())} --get-supported DEV_ASAN` eq "1\n") {
+        # Use host 'physical memory / #cores / 8' instead
+        open(my $fh, "<", "/proc/meminfo") || die "Can't read host memory for asan";
+        while (<$fh>) {
+            if (m/MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/) {
+                $limit = int(int($1)/`nproc`/8);
+                last;
+            }
+        }
+        close($fh);
+    }
+    system("ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null");
     my $status = $?;
     if ($status == 0) {
-        return "ulimit -s unlimited 2>/dev/null; exec ";
+        return "ulimit -s $limit 2>/dev/null; exec ";
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -227,17 +246,18 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 4  # SIGILL
-                || ($status & 127) == 8  # SIGFPA
-                || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator internal fault, sorry. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator aborted. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $status. "
+                warn "%Error: Verilator threw signal $signal. "
                     . "Suggest trying --debug --gdbbt\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
@@ -245,8 +265,8 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -256,7 +276,7 @@ sub sh_escape {
     # This is similar to quotemeta() but less aggressive.
     # There's no need to escape hyphens, periods, or forward slashes
     # for the shell as these have no special meaning to the shell.
-    $arg =~ s/([^0-9a-zA-Z_\-\+\=\.\/])/\\$1/g;
+    $arg =~ s/([^0-9a-zA-Z_\-\+\=\.\/:])/\\$1/g;
     return $arg;
 }
 
@@ -311,8 +331,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
      +1800-2023ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2023 with file extension <ext>
-    --assert                    Enable all assertions
-    --assert-case               Enable unique/unique0/priority case related checks
+    --no-aslr                   Disable address space layout randomization
+    --no-assert                 Disable all assertions
+    --no-assert-case            Disable unique/unique0/priority-case assertions
     --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
     --bbox-sys                  Blackbox unknown $system calls
     --bbox-unsup                Blackbox unsupported language features
@@ -322,8 +343,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
     --cc                        Create C++ output
      -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
-    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
-    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
@@ -341,24 +360,27 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-debug-leak             Disable leaking memory in --debug mode
     --debugi <level>            Enable debugging at a specified level
     --debugi-<srcfile> <level>  Enable debugging a source file at a level
-    --decorations <level>       Set output comment and spacing level
     --no-decoration             Disable comments and lower spacing level
+    --decorations <level>       Set output comment and spacing level
     --default-language <lang>   Default language to parse
      +define+<var>=<value>      Set preprocessor define
+    --diagnostics-sarif         Enable SARIF diagnostics output
+    --diagnostics-sarif-output <filename>  Set SARIF diagnostics output file
     --dpi-hdr-only              Only produce the DPI header file
+    --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
     --dump-defines              Show preprocessor defines with -E
     --dump-dfg                  Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files
     --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
+    --dump-inputs               Enable dumping preprocessed input files
     --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
     --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
     --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
     --dump-tree-json            Enable dumping Ast .tree.json files and .tree.meta.json file
-    --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
+    --dumpi-<srcfile> <level>   Enable dumping everything in source file at level
     --dumpi-dfg <level>         Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files at level
     --dumpi-graph <level>       Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files at level
     --dumpi-tree <level>        Enable dumping Ast .tree files at level
     --dumpi-tree-json <level>   Enable dumping Ast .tree.json files at level
-    --dumpi-<srcfile> <level>   Enable dumping everything in source file at level
      -E                         Preprocess, but do not compile
     --emit-accessors            Emit getter and setter methods for model top class
     --error-limit <value>       Abort after this number of errors
@@ -380,39 +402,48 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
-    --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-block <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-child <block>  Internal use only for --hierarchical
+    --hierarchical-params-file <name>  Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
+    --hierarchical-threads <threads>  Number of threads for hierarchical scheduling
      -I<dir>                    Directory to search for includes
     --if-depth <value>          Tune IFDEPTH warning
      +incdir+<dir>              Directory to search for includes
+    --inline-cfuncs <value>     Inline CFuncs with <=value nodes (0=off)
+    --inline-cfuncs-product <value>  Inline CFuncs if size*calls <= value
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
     --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
-    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of adresses/paths in .tree.json
+    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of addresses/paths in .tree.json
     --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
-    --json-only-output          .tree.json output filename
-    --json-only-meta-output     .tree.meta.json output filename
+    --json-only-meta-output <filename>  Set .tree.meta.json output filename
+    --json-only-output <filename>       Set .tree.json output filename
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
+     -libmap                    Specify library mapping file
     --lib-create <name>         Create a DPI library
      +libext+<ext>+[ext]...     Extensions for finding modules
+     +librescan                 Ignored for compatibility
     --lint-only                 Lint, but do not make output
     --localize-max-size <value>  Tune localize optimization variable size
-    --make <build-tool>         Generate scripts for specified build tool
-     -MAKEFLAGS <flags>         Arguments to pass to make during --build
     --main                      Generate C++ main() file
     --main-top-name             Specify top name passed to Verilated model in generated C++ main
+    --make <build-tool>         Generate scripts for specified build tool
+     -MAKEFLAGS <flags>         Arguments to pass to make during --build
     --max-num-width <value>     Maximum number width (default: 64K)
     --Mdir <directory>          Name of output object directory
     --MMD                       Create .d dependency files
     --mod-prefix <topname>      Name to prepend to lower classes
     --MP                        Create phony dependency targets
      +notimingchecks            Ignored
+     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
      -O0                        Disable optimizations
+     -O1                        Default optimizations
+     -O2                        Stronger optimizations
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
-     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
     --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
     --output-split <statements>          Split .cpp files into pieces
     --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split model functions
@@ -426,8 +457,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pins-uint8                Specify types for top-level ports
     --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
-    --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-comments          Include preprocessor comments in the output with -E
+    --preproc-defines           Include preprocessor defines in the output with -E
     --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
     --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -445,10 +477,11 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
+    --quiet-build               Don't print build progress
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
     --quiet-stats               Don't print statistics
     --relative-includes         Resolve includes relative to current file
-    --reloop-limit              Minimum iterations for forming loops
+    --reloop-limit <value>      Minimum iterations for forming loops
     --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
     --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
     --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
@@ -467,33 +500,36 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --threads <threads>         Enable multithreading
     --threads-dpi <mode>        Enable multithreaded DPI
     --threads-max-mtasks <mtasks>  Tune maximum mtask partitioning
-    --timing                    Enable timing support
-    --no-timing                 Disable timing support
     --timescale <timescale>     Sets default timescale
     --timescale-override <timescale>  Overrides all timescales
+    --timing                    Enable timing support
+    --no-timing                 Disable timing support
     --top <topname>             Alias of --top-module
     --top-module <topname>      Name of top-level input module
-    --trace                     Enable waveform creation
+    --trace                     Enable VCD waveform creation
     --trace-coverage            Enable tracing of coverage
     --trace-depth <levels>      Depth of tracing
     --trace-fst                 Enable FST waveform creation
     --trace-max-array <depth>   Maximum array depth for tracing
     --trace-max-width <width>   Maximum bit width for tracing
     --trace-params              Enable tracing of parameters
+    --trace-saif                Enable SAIF file creation
     --trace-structs             Enable tracing structure names
     --trace-threads <threads>   Enable FST waveform creation on separate threads
     --no-trace-top              Do not emit traces for signals in the top module generated by verilator
     --trace-underscore          Enable tracing of _signals
+    --trace-vcd                 Enable VCD waveform creation
      -U<var>                    Undefine preprocessor define
     --no-unlimited-stack        Don't disable stack size limit
     --unroll-count <loops>      Tune maximum loop iterations
+    --unroll-limit <loops>      Maximum loop iterations before assuming infinite loop
     --unroll-stmts <stmts>      Tune maximum loop body size
     --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
      -V                         Verbose version and config
      -v <filename>              Verilog library
     --valgrind                  Run Verilator under valgrind
-    --verilate-jobs             Job threads for Verilation stage
     --no-verilate               Skip Verilation and just compile previously Verilated code
+    --verilate-jobs             Job threads for Verilation stage
      +verilog1995ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-1995ext+<ext>
      +verilog2001ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-2001ext+<ext>
     --version                   Show program version and exits
@@ -508,6 +544,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -Wno-fatal                 Disable fatal exit on warnings
      -Wno-lint                  Disable all lint warnings
      -Wno-style                 Disable all style warnings
+     -work <libname>            Set config library for following files
      -Wpedantic                 Warn on compliance-test issues
      -Wwarn-<message>           Enable specified warning message
      -Wwarn-lint                Enable lint warning message
@@ -526,9 +563,9 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 =for VL_SPHINX_EXTRACT "_build/gen/args_verilated.rst"
 
+     +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
      +verilator+debug                      Enable debugging
      +verilator+debugi+<value>             Enable debugging at a level
-     +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
      +verilator+error+limit+<value>        Set error limit
      +verilator+help                       Show help
      +verilator+noassert                   Disable assert checking
@@ -547,7 +584,7 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0123,C0209,C0301,R0902,R0913,R0914,R0912,R0915,W0621
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -16,18 +17,14 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('-o',
-                    type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-                    metavar="OUTFILE",
-                    required=True,
-                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-o', type=pathlib.Path, metavar="OUTFILE", required=True, help='output file')
 parser.add_argument('logdir', type=pathlib.Path, help='log directory')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ results = {}
 elapsed = {}
 
 
-def toDateTime(s):
+def toDateTime(s: str) -> datetime:
     return datetime.strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 
 
@@ -53,37 +50,39 @@ for logfile in args.logdir.iterdir():
             match = re.match(r'\[(\S+)\s.*Result: (.*)$', line)
             if match:
                 assert obj is not None
+                assert start is not None
                 elapsed[obj] = toDateTime(match.group(1)) - start
                 results[obj] = match.group(2)
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
-args.o.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
+with args.o.open("w") as ofd:
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("ccache report (from verilator_ccache_report) :\n")
 
-if not results:
-    args.o.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
-else:
-    args.o.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
-    wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
-    wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
-    for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                                  results[k],
-                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-                                                                  wnames=wnames,
-                                                                  wresults=wresults))
+    if not results:
+        ofd.write("\nAll object files up to date\n")
+    else:
+        ofd.write("\nCompiled object files:\n")
+        wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
+        wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
+        for k in sorted(results.keys()):
+            ofd.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                   results[k],
+                                                                   elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                   wnames=wnames,
+                                                                   wresults=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
-    counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
-    total = sum(counts.values())
-    for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
-        c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
+        ofd.write("\nSummary:\n")
+        counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
+        total = sum(counts.values())
+        for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
+            c = counts[k]
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
-    args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
-    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
-        if i > 4:
-            break
+        ofd.write("\nLongest:\n")
+        longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
+            ofd.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
+            if i > 4:
+                break
 
-args.o.write("#" * 80 + "\n")
+    ofd.write("#" * 80 + "\n")

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -118,21 +118,24 @@ sub run {
             warn "%Error: export VERILATOR_ROOT=" . ($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} || "") . "\n";
             warn "%Error: $command\n";
         }
-        if ($status & 127) {
-            if (($status & 127) == 8 || ($status & 127) == 11) {  # SIGFPA or SIGSEGV
+        my $signal = ($status & 127);
+        if ($signal) {
+            if ($signal == 4  # SIGILL
+                || $signal == 8  # SIGFPA
+                || $signal == 11) {  # SIGSEGV
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage internal fault, sorry.\n" if !$Debug;
-            } elsif (($status & 127) == 6) {  # SIGABRT
+            } elsif ($signal == 6) {  # SIGABRT
                 warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage aborted.\n" if !$Debug;
             } else {
-                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $status.\n" if !$Debug;
+                warn "%Error: Verilator_coverage threw signal $signal.\n" if !$Debug;
             }
         }
         if ($status != 256 || $Debug) {  # i.e. not normal exit(1)
             warn "%Error: Command Failed $command\n";
         }
         exit $! if $!;  # errno
-        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # child exit status
-        exit 255;  # last resort
+        exit $? >> 8 if $? >> 8;  # pass along child exit code
+        exit 128 + $signal;  # last resort
     }
 }
 
@@ -170,6 +173,7 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
     --annotate-all                All files should be shown.
     --annotate-min <count>        Minimum occurrence count for uncovered.
     --annotate-points             Annotates info from each coverage point.
+    --filter-type <regex>         Keep only records of given coverage type.
     --help                        Displays this message and version and exits.
     --rank                        Compute relative importance of tests.
     --unlink                      With --write, unlink all inputs
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,W0603
 ######################################################################
 
 import argparse
@@ -9,25 +10,29 @@ import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 
+exit_code = 0
 
-def diff(a, b):
 
+def diff(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists(a):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No old diff filename found: " + a + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
     if not os.path.exists(b):
-        sys.exit("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b)
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: No new diff filename found: " + b + "\n")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     if os.path.isdir(a) and os.path.isdir(b):
         diff_dir(a, b)
     elif os.path.isfile(a) and os.path.isfile(b):
         diff_file(a, b)
     else:
-        sys.exit("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Error: Mix of files and dirs")
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def diff_dir(a, b):
+def diff_dir(a: str, b: str) -> None:
     # Diff all files under two directories
-    files = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
 
     for fn in glob.glob(a + "/*.tree"):
         base = re.sub(r'.*/', '', fn)
@@ -50,7 +55,9 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
-def diff_file(a, b):
+def diff_file(a: str, b: str) -> None:
+    global exit_code
+
     # Compare the two tree files
     short_a = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', a)
     short_b = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.]+', '_', b)
@@ -65,25 +72,18 @@ def diff_file(a, b):
 
     filterf(a, tmp_a)
     filterf(b, tmp_b)
-    os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
+    status = os.system("diff -u " + tmp_a + " " + tmp_b)
     os.unlink(tmp_a)
     os.unlink(tmp_b)
 
-
-def version_from(filename):
-    # Return dump format
-    with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
-        lineno = 0
-        for line in fh:
-            if lineno > 10:
-                break
-            match = re.search(r'format (0x[0-9.]+)', line)
-            if match:
-                return hex(match.group(1))
-    return 1.0
+    status_exit_code = status >> 8
+    if status_exit_code == 1:
+        exit_code = 1
+    elif status_exit_code:
+        exit_code = 2
 
 
-def filterf(fn1, fn2):
+def filterf(fn1: str, fn2: str) -> None:
     # Remove hex numbers before diffing
     with open(fn1, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
         with open(fn2, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
@@ -107,8 +107,10 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
-directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
+
+Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.""",
+    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ parser.add_argument('fileb', help='input file b to diff')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 diff(Args.filea, Args.fileb)
+sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -8,42 +8,59 @@ import collections
 import math
 import re
 import statistics
+from collections import OrderedDict
 # from pprint import pprint
 
-Sections = []
+Sections = OrderedDict()
 LongestVcdStrValueLength = 0
 Threads = collections.defaultdict(lambda: [])  # List of records per thread id
 Mtasks = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'elapsed': 0, 'end': 0})
 Cpus = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'mtask_time': 0})
-Global = {'args': {}, 'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}), 'stats': {}}
+Global = {
+    'args': {},
+    'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}),
+    'info': {
+        'numa': 'no data'
+    },
+    'stats': {}
+}
 ElapsedTime = None  # total elapsed time
-ExecGraphTime = 0  # total elapsed time excuting an exec graph
+ExecGraphTime = 0  # total elapsed time executing an exec graph
+WaitingTime = 0  # total elapsed time waiting for mtasks
 ExecGraphIntervals = []  # list of (start, end) pairs
+ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals = []  # list of (start, tick, ecpu) pairs
 
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def read_data(filename):
+def read_data(filename: str) -> None:
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
-        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)')
-        re_payload_mtaskEnd = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictCost (\d+)')
+        # The hierBlock argument is optional
+        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(
+            r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)(?: hierBlock)?\s*(\w+)?')
+        re_payload_mtaskEnd = re.compile(r'predictCost (\d+)')
+        re_payload_wait = re.compile(r'cpu (\d+)')
 
         re_arg1 = re.compile(r'VLPROF arg\s+(\S+)\+([0-9.]*)\s*')
         re_arg2 = re.compile(r'VLPROF arg\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9.]*)\s*$')
-        re_stat = re.compile(r'VLPROF stat\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9.]+)')
+        re_info = re.compile(r'VLPROF info\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$')
+        re_stat = re.compile(r'VLPROF stat\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)')
         re_proc_cpu = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC processor\s*:\s*(\d+)\s*$')
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
         thread = 0
-        execGraphStart = None
+        thread_last_ecpu = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
         global ExecGraphTime
+        global WaitingTime
 
+        ExecGraphStack = []
         SectionStack = []
-        mTaskThread = {}
+        MtasksStack = []
+        ThreadScheduleWait = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
         for line in fh:
             recordMatch = re_record.match(line)
@@ -60,44 +77,61 @@ def read_data(filename):
                     SectionStack.pop()
                     Sections[thread].append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
                 elif kind == "MTASK_BEGIN":
-                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(payload).groups()
+                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu, hier_block = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(
+                        payload).groups()
+                    hier_block = "" if hier_block is None else hier_block
                     mtask = int(mtask)
                     predict_start = int(predict_start)
                     ecpu = int(ecpu)
-                    mTaskThread[mtask] = thread
                     records = Threads[thread]
-                    assert not records or records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1]['end'] <= tick
                     records.append({
                         'start': tick,
                         'mtask': mtask,
                         'predict_start': predict_start,
+                        'hier_block': hier_block,
                         'cpu': ecpu
                     })
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['begin'] = tick
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['thread'] = thread
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] = predict_start
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['begin'] = tick
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['predict_start'] = predict_start
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['thread'] = thread
+                    MtasksStack.append((hier_block, mtask, records[-1]))
                 elif kind == "MTASK_END":
-                    mtask, predict_cost = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(payload).groups()
+                    predict_cost, = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(payload).groups()
                     mtask = int(mtask)
+                    hier_block, mtask, record = MtasksStack.pop()
                     predict_cost = int(predict_cost)
-                    begin = Mtasks[mtask]['begin']
-                    record = Threads[mTaskThread[mtask]][-1]
+                    begin = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['begin']
                     record['end'] = tick
+                    assert record and records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1]['end'] <= tick
                     record['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'] += tick - begin
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['end'] = max(Mtasks[mtask]['end'], tick)
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['elapsed'] += tick - begin
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['predict_cost'] = predict_cost
+                    Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['end'] = max(Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask)]['end'],
+                                                             tick)
+                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN":
+                    ecpu = int(re_payload_wait.match(payload).groups()[0])
+                    thread_last_ecpu = ecpu
+                    ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].append(tick)
+                elif kind == "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END":
+                    # Might have ended on different CPU then we got THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_BEGIN
+                    assert thread_last_ecpu is not None, "THREAD_SCHEDULE_WAIT_END without BEGIN"
+                    ecpu = thread_last_ecpu
+                    thread_last_ecpu = None
+                    start = ThreadScheduleWait[ecpu].pop()
+                    WaitingTime += tick - start
+                    ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals.append((start, tick, ecpu))
                 elif kind == "EXEC_GRAPH_BEGIN":
-                    execGraphStart = tick
+                    ExecGraphStack.append(tick)
                 elif kind == "EXEC_GRAPH_END":
+                    assert ExecGraphStack, "EXEC_GRAPH_END without EXEC_GRAPH_BEGIN"
+                    execGraphStart = ExecGraphStack.pop()
                     ExecGraphTime += tick - execGraphStart
                     ExecGraphIntervals.append((execGraphStart, tick))
-                    execGraphStart = None
                 elif Args.debug:
                     print("-Unknown execution trace record: %s" % line)
             elif re_thread.match(line):
                 thread = int(re_thread.match(line).group(1))
-                Sections.append([])
+                Sections[thread] = []
             elif re.match(r'^VLPROF(THREAD|VERSION)', line):
                 pass
             elif re_arg1.match(line):
@@ -106,6 +140,9 @@ def read_data(filename):
             elif re_arg2.match(line):
                 match = re_arg2.match(line)
                 Global['args'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
+            elif re_info.match(line):
+                match = re_info.match(line)
+                Global['info'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
             elif re_stat.match(line):
                 match = re_stat.match(line)
                 Global['stats'][match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
@@ -134,7 +171,7 @@ def re_match_result(regexp, line, result_to):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def report():
+def report() -> None:
     print("Verilator Gantt report")
 
     print("\nArgument settings:")
@@ -156,11 +193,13 @@ def report():
     print("\nSummary:")
     print("  Total elapsed time = {} rdtsc ticks".format(ElapsedTime))
     print("  Parallelized code  = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(ExecGraphTime / ElapsedTime))
+    print("  Waiting time       = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(WaitingTime / ElapsedTime))
     print("  Total threads      = %d" % nthreads)
     print("  Total CPUs used    = %d" % ncpus)
     print("  Total mtasks       = %d" % len(Mtasks))
     print("  Total yields       = %d" % int(Global['stats'].get('yields', 0)))
 
+    report_numa()
     report_mtasks()
     report_cpus()
     report_sections()
@@ -181,7 +220,12 @@ def report():
     print()
 
 
-def report_mtasks():
+def report_numa() -> None:
+    print("\nNUMA assignment:")
+    print("  NUMA status        = %s" % Global['info']['numa'])
+
+
+def report_mtasks() -> None:
     if not Mtasks:
         return
 
@@ -199,10 +243,11 @@ def report_mtasks():
     thread_mtask_time = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     long_mtask_time = 0
     long_mtask = None
+    long_mtask_hier_block = None
     predict_mtask_time = 0
     predict_elapsed = 0
-    for mtaskId in Mtasks:
-        record = Mtasks[mtaskId]
+    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
+        record = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
         predict_mtask_time += record['predict_cost']
         total_mtask_time += record['elapsed']
         thread_mtask_time[record['thread']] += record['elapsed']
@@ -210,7 +255,8 @@ def report_mtasks():
         predict_elapsed = max(predict_elapsed, predict_end)
         if record['elapsed'] > long_mtask_time:
             long_mtask_time = record['elapsed']
-            long_mtask = mtaskId
+            long_mtask = mtask_id
+            long_mtask_hier_block = hier_block
     Global['predict_last_end'] = predict_elapsed
 
     serialTime = ElapsedTime - ExecGraphTime
@@ -239,31 +285,55 @@ def report_mtasks():
     max_p2e = -1000000
     max_mtask = None
 
-    for mtask in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
-        if Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'] > 0:
-            if Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] == 0:
-                Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] = 1  # don't log(0) below
-            p2e_ratio = math.log(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] / Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'])
+    min_hier_block = None
+    max_hier_block = None
+
+    for (hier_block, mtask_id) in sorted(Mtasks.keys()):
+        mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
+        if mtask['elapsed'] > 0:
+            if mtask['predict_cost'] == 0:
+                mtask['predict_cost'] = 1  # don't log(0) below
+            p2e_ratio = math.log(mtask['predict_cost'] / mtask['elapsed'])
             p2e_ratios.append(p2e_ratio)
 
             if p2e_ratio > max_p2e:
                 max_p2e = p2e_ratio
-                max_mtask = mtask
+                max_mtask = mtask_id
+                max_hier_block = hier_block
             if p2e_ratio < min_p2e:
                 min_p2e = p2e_ratio
-                min_mtask = mtask
+                min_mtask = mtask_id
+                min_hier_block = hier_block
 
     print("\nMTask statistics:")
-    print("  Longest mtask id = {}".format(long_mtask))
+    if long_mtask_hier_block:
+        print("  Longest mtask id = {} from hier_block '{}'".format(long_mtask,
+                                                                    long_mtask_hier_block))
+    else:
+        print("  Longest mtask id = {}".format(long_mtask))
     print("  Longest mtask time = {:.2%} of time elapsed in parallelized code".format(
         long_mtask_time / ExecGraphTime))
     print("  min log(p2e) = %0.3f" % min_p2e, end="")
 
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (min_mtask, Mtasks[min_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
-    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[min_mtask]['elapsed'])
+    if min_hier_block:
+        print("  from hier_block '%s' mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (min_hier_block, min_mtask, Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    else:
+        print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (min_mtask, Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[(min_hier_block, min_mtask)]['elapsed'])
     print("  max log(p2e) = %0.3f" % max_p2e, end="")
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (max_mtask, Mtasks[max_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
-    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[max_mtask]['elapsed'])
+    if max_hier_block:
+        print("  from hier_block '%s' mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (max_hier_block, max_mtask, Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    else:
+        print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
+              (max_mtask, Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['predict_cost']),
+              end="")
+    print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[(max_hier_block, max_mtask)]['elapsed'])
 
     stddev = statistics.pstdev(p2e_ratios)
     mean = statistics.mean(p2e_ratios)
@@ -272,7 +342,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     print("  e ^ stddev = %0.3f" % math.exp(stddev))
 
 
-def report_cpus():
+def report_cpus() -> None:
     print("\nCPU info:")
 
     Global['cpu_sockets'] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
@@ -307,14 +377,14 @@ def report_cpus():
                 Global['cpu_socket_cores_warning'] = True
 
 
-def report_sections():
-    for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+def report_sections() -> None:
+    for thread, section in Sections.items():
         if section:
             print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
             report_section(section)
 
 
-def report_section(section):
+def report_section(section) -> None:
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
@@ -366,7 +436,7 @@ def report_section(section):
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def write_vcd(filename):
+def write_vcd(filename: str) -> None:
     print("Writing %s" % filename)
     with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         # dict of dicts of hierarchy elements/signal name  -> (code, width)
@@ -403,6 +473,9 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 val = buf.ljust(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "0")
             values[time][code] = val
 
+        def addXValue(code, time):
+            values[time][code] = 'x'
+
         # Measured graph
         for thread in sorted(Threads):
             mcode = getCode(32, 'measured', 't%d_mtask' % thread)
@@ -427,27 +500,36 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
         tStart = sorted(_['start'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
         tEnd = sorted(_['end'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
 
+        # Measured waiting time
+        for (start, end, cpu) in ThreadScheduleWaitIntervals:
+            mcode = getCode(32, 'measured', 'cpu%d_waiting' % cpu)
+            addXValue(mcode, start)
+            addValue(mcode, end, None)
+
         # Predicted graph
         for start, end in ExecGraphIntervals:
             # Find the earliest MTask start after the start point, and the
             # latest MTask end before the end point, so we can scale to the
             # same range
-            start = tStart[bisect.bisect_left(tStart, start)]
+            tStartIdx = bisect.bisect_left(tStart, start)
+            if tStartIdx >= len(tStart):
+                continue
+            start = tStart[tStartIdx]
             end = tEnd[bisect.bisect_right(tEnd, end) - 1]
             # Compute scale so predicted graph is of same width as interval
             measured_scaling = (end - start) / Global['predict_last_end']
             # Predict mtasks that fill the time the execution occupied
-            for mtask in Mtasks:
-                thread = Mtasks[mtask]['thread']
-                pred_scaled_start = start + int(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
+            for (hier_block, mtask_id) in Mtasks:
+                mtask = Mtasks[(hier_block, mtask_id)]
+                thread = mtask['thread']
+                pred_scaled_start = start + int(mtask['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
                 pred_scaled_end = start + int(
-                    (Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] + Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost']) *
-                    measured_scaling)
+                    (mtask['predict_start'] + mtask['predict_cost']) * measured_scaling)
                 if pred_scaled_start == pred_scaled_end:
                     continue
 
                 mcode = getCode(32, 'predicted', 't%d_mtask' % thread)
-                addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_start, mtask)
+                addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_start, mtask_id)
                 addValue(mcode, pred_scaled_end, None)
 
                 parallelism['predicted'][pred_scaled_start] += 1
@@ -462,7 +544,7 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 addValue(pcode, time, value)
 
         # Section graph
-        for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+        for thread, section in Sections.items():
             if section:
                 scode = getCode(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "section", f"t{thread}_trace")
                 dcode = getCode(32, "section", f"t{thread}_depth")
@@ -510,6 +592,8 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 value = values[time][code]
                 if value is None:
                     fh.write("bz v%x\n" % code)
+                elif value == 'x':
+                    fh.write("bx v%x\n" % code)
                 elif isinstance(value, str):
                     fh.write("b%s v%x\n" % (value, code))
                 else:
@@ -529,7 +613,7 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -538,7 +622,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')
-parser.add_argument('--vcd', help='filename for vcd outpue', default='profile_exec.vcd')
+parser.add_argument('--vcd', help='filename for vcd output', default='profile_exec.vcd')
 parser.add_argument('filename',
                     help='input profile_exec.dat filename to process',
                     default='profile_exec.dat')

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 # of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 # Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 ######################################################################
 
 
-def profcfunc(filename):
+def profcfunc(filename: str) -> None:
     funcs = {}
 
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
                 calls = float(match.group(3))
                 func = match.group(4)
                 if func not in funcs:
-                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0, 'sec': 0, 'calls': 0}
+                    funcs[func] = {'pct': 0.0, 'sec': 0.0, 'calls': 0}
                 funcs[func]['pct'] += pct
                 funcs[func]['sec'] += sec
                 funcs[func]['calls'] += calls
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
     print((" time   seconds   seconds      calls   %-" + str(design_width) +
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
-    cume = 0
+    cume = 0.0
     for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI ccache maintenance
-#
-# Copyright 2020 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-################################################################################
-# This script is run in 'before_script', once ccache has been set up.
-################################################################################
-
-set -e
-set -x
-
-# Show version
-ccache --version
-
-# Flush ccache if requested in commit message
-COMMIT="${CI_PULL_REQUEST_SHA:-$CI_COMMIT}"
-if git log --format=%B -n 1 "$COMMIT" | grep -q -i '\[CI\s\+ccache\s\+clear\]'; then
-  echo "Flushing ccache due to commit message"
-  ccache -C
-fi
-
-# Dump stats, then zero stats
-# 22.04: ccache -s -v -z
-ccache -s -z

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -37,10 +37,17 @@ else
   fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
 
+if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+  # Avoid slow "processing triggers for man db"
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/man/*"  | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+  echo "path-exclude /usr/share/info/*" | sudo tee -a /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01_nodoc
+fi
+
 install-vcddiff() {
   TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
   git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff "$TMP_DIR"
-  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout e5664be5fe39d353bf3fcb50aa05214ab7ed4ac4
+  git -C "${TMP_DIR}" checkout dca845020668887fd13498c772939814d9264fd5
   "$MAKE" -C "${TMP_DIR}"
   sudo cp "${TMP_DIR}/vcddiff" /usr/local/bin
 }
@@ -55,22 +62,22 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev ||
     sudo apt-get install ccache help2man libfl-dev
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ]; then
+    if [[ ! "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
       # Some conflict of libunwind verison on 22.04, can live without it for now
       sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
       sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
       sudo apt-get install bear mold
     fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
-    brew install ccache perl gperftools
+    brew install ccache perl gperftools autoconf bison flex help2man
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
     sudo pkg install -y autoconf bison ccache gmake perl5
   else
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   fi
 
   if [ -n "$CCACHE_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR" && ./ci/ci-ccache-maint.bash
+    mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -92,11 +99,11 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
     sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
     # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
       sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
       sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
+    if [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-20.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]] || [[ "$CI_RUNS_ON" =~ "ubuntu-24.04" ]]; then
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
     fi

ci/ci-pages-notify.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', notifies PRs
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# Notify PRs via comment that their coverage reports are available
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Create artifacts root directory
+ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+for RUN_ID in ${COVERAGE_PR_RUN_IDS//,/ }; do
+  echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+  # Create workflow artifacts directory
+  ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Download artifact of this run, if exists
+  gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-pr-notification --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+  ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+  # Move on if no notification is required
+  if [ ! -f ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+    echo "No notification found"
+    continue
+  fi
+  echo "Posting notification found"
+
+  cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+  gh pr comment $(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt) --body-file ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/body.txt
+
+  # Get the artifact ID
+  ARTIFACT_ID=$(gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}/artifacts" --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.name == "coverage-pr-notification") | .id')
+
+  # Delete it, so we only notify once
+  gh api --method DELETE "repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts/${ARTIFACT_ID}"
+done

ci/ci-pages.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# DESCRIPTION: Verilator: CI script for 'pages.yml', builds the GitHub Pages
+#
+# Copyright 2025 by Geza Lore. This program is free software; you
+# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
+# Version 2.0.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
+
+# This scipt build the content of the GitHub Pages for the repository.
+# Currently this only hosts code coverage reports, but it would be possible to
+# add any other contents to the page in parallel here.
+
+# Developer note: You should be able to run this script in your local checkout
+# if you have GitHub CLI (command 'gh') setup, authenticated ('gh auth login'),
+# and have set a default repository ('gh repo set-default').
+
+# Create pages root directory. The contents of this directory will be deployed
+# and served via GitHubPages
+readonly PAGES_ROOT=pages
+mkdir -p ${PAGES_ROOT}
+
+# Get the current repo URL - might differ on a fork
+readonly REPO_URL=$(gh repo view --json url --jq .url)
+
+# Set GITHUB_OUTPUT when run locally for testing
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ]]; then
+  GITHUB_OUTPUT=github-output.txt
+fi
+
+# Populates ${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+compile_coverage_reports() {
+  # We will process all runs up to and including this date. This is chosen to be
+  # slightly less than the artifact retention period for simplicity.
+  local OLDEST=$(date --date="28 days ago" --iso-8601=date)
+
+  # Gather all coverage workflow runs within the time window
+  gh run list -w coverage.yml --limit 1000 --created ">=${OLDEST}" --json "databaseId,event,status,conclusion,createdAt,number" > recentRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Recent runs:
+  jq "." recentRuns.json
+
+  # Select completd runs that were not cancelled or skipped, sort by descending run number
+  jq 'sort_by(-.number) | map(select(.status == "completed" and (.conclusion == "success" or .conclusion == "failure")))' recentRuns.json > completedRuns.json
+  echo @@@ Completed with success or failure:
+  jq "." completedRuns.json
+
+  # Create artifacts root directory
+  local ARTIFACTS_ROOT=artifacts
+  mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}
+
+  # Create coverage reports root directory
+  local COVERAGE_ROOT=${PAGES_ROOT}/coverage-reports
+  mkdir -p ${COVERAGE_ROOT}
+
+  # Create index page contents fragment
+  local CONTENTS=contents.tmp
+  echo > ${CONTENTS}
+
+  # Run IDs of PR jobs processed
+  local PR_RUN_IDS=""
+
+  # Iterate over all unique event types that triggered the workflows
+  for EVENT in $(jq -r 'map(.event) | sort | unique | .[]' completedRuns.json); do
+    echo "@@@ Processing '${EVENT}' runs"
+
+    # Emit section header if a report exists with this event type
+    EMIT_SECTION_HEADER=1
+
+    # For each worfklow run that was triggered by this event type
+    for RUN_ID in $(jq ".[] | select(.event == \"${EVENT}\") |.databaseId" completedRuns.json); do
+      echo "@@@ Processing run ${RUN_ID}"
+
+      # Extract the info of this run
+      jq ".[] | select(.databaseId == $RUN_ID)" completedRuns.json > workflow.json
+      jq "." workflow.json
+
+      # Record run ID of PR job
+      if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$PR_RUN_IDS" ]]; then
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$RUN_ID"
+        else
+          PR_RUN_IDS="$PR_RUN_IDS,$RUN_ID"
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create workflow artifacts directory
+      local ARTIFACTS_DIR=${ARTIFACTS_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+      mkdir -p ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Download artifacts of this run, if exists
+      gh run download ${RUN_ID} --name coverage-report --dir ${ARTIFACTS_DIR} || true
+      ls -lsha ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+      # Move on if no coverage report is available
+      if [ ! -d ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ]; then
+        echo "No coverage report found"
+        continue
+      fi
+      echo "Coverage report found"
+
+      # Emit section header
+      if [[ -n $EMIT_SECTION_HEADER ]]; then
+        unset EMIT_SECTION_HEADER
+        if [[ $EVENT == "pull_request" ]]; then
+          echo "<h4>Patch coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        else
+          echo "<h4>Code coverage reports for '${EVENT}' runs:</h4>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+        fi
+      fi
+
+      # Create pages subdirectory
+      mv ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/report ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/${RUN_ID}
+
+      # Add index page content
+      local WORKFLOW_CREATED=$(jq -r '.createdAt' workflow.json)
+      local WOFKRLOW_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.number' workflow.json)
+      cat >> ${CONTENTS} <<CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+        Run <a href="${RUN_ID}/index.html">#${WOFKRLOW_NUMBER}</a>
+        | GitHub: <a href="${REPO_URL}/actions/runs/${RUN_ID}">${RUN_ID}</a>
+        | started at: ${WORKFLOW_CREATED}
+CONTENTS_TEMPLATE
+      if [ -e ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt ]; then
+        local PRNUMBER=$(cat ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/pr-number.txt)
+        echo " | Pull request: <a href=\"${REPO_URL}/pull/${PRNUMBER}\">#${PRNUMBER}</a>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+      fi
+      echo "<br>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    done
+
+    # Section break
+    if [[ -z "$EMIT_SECTION_HEADER" ]]; then
+      echo "<hr>" >> ${CONTENTS}
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Write coverage report index.html
+  cat > ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/index.html  <<INDEX_TEMPLATE
+  <html>
+
+  <head>
+    <title>Verilator CI coverage reports</title>
+    <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: courier, serif;
+      background-color: #f3f3f3;
+      a {
+        color: #008fd7;
+      }
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+  $(cat ${CONTENTS})
+  <h4>Assembled $(date --iso-8601=minutes --utc)</h1>
+  <body>
+
+  </html>
+INDEX_TEMPLATE
+
+  # Report size
+  du -shc ${COVERAGE_ROOT}/*
+
+  # Set output
+  echo "coverage-pr-run-ids=${PR_RUN_IDS}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+}
+
+# Compilie coverage reports
+compile_coverage_reports;
+
+# You can build any other content here to be put under ${PAGES_ROOT}

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
   export MAKE=make
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+  # Disable ccache, doesn't always work in GitHub Actions
+  export OBJCACHE=
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
   export MAKE=gmake
   NPROC=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
@@ -39,23 +41,27 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
   # Build verilator
 
-  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
-    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
-    ccache -z
-    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
-    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
-    ccache -s
-    if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
-      file bin/verilator_bin
-      file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin
-      md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-      stat bin/verilator_bin
-      stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
-    fi
-  else
-    nodist/code_coverage --stages 0-2
+  autoconf
+  CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn"
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_ASAN" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-asan"
+    CXX="$CXX -DVL_LEAK_CHECKS"
+  fi
+  if [ "$CI_DEV_GCOV" = 1 ]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-dev-gcov"
+  fi
+  ./configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS --prefix="$INSTALL_DIR"
+  ccache -z
+  "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
+  # 22.04: ccache -s -v
+  ccache -s
+  if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    file bin/verilator_bin
+    file bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin
+    md5 bin/verilator_bin_dbg
+    stat bin/verilator_bin
+    stat bin/verilator_bin_dbg
   fi
 elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -86,109 +92,108 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
   fi
 
-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  ( [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-22.04' ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-24.04' ] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
-
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
-     # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
-     "$MAKE" install
-     mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
-     mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
-     export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
-     TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
-     mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
-     # Feeling brave?
-     find . -delete
-     ls -la .
+    # Testing that the installation is relocatable.
+    "$MAKE" install
+    mkdir -p "$RELOC_DIR"
+    mv "$INSTALL_DIR" "$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install"
+    export VERILATOR_ROOT="$RELOC_DIR/relocated-install/share/verilator"
+    TEST_REGRESS="$RELOC_DIR/test_regress"
+    mv test_regress "$TEST_REGRESS"
+    NODIST="$RELOC_DIR/nodist"
+    mv nodist "$NODIST"
+    # Feeling brave?
+    find . -delete
+    ls -la .
   fi
 
   # Run the specified test
   ccache -z
   case $TESTS in
     dist-vlt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-2)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/4
       ;;
     dist-vlt-3)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt $sanitize" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist --vlt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/4
       ;;
     vltmt-0)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS=--vltmt DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/2
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/3
       ;;
     vltmt-1)
-      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS=--vltmt DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/2
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/3
       ;;
-    coverage-all)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1-
+    vltmt-2)
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt --driver-clean" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/3
       ;;
     coverage-dist)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--dist
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--dist"
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vlt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vlt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vlt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-0)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=0/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=0/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-1)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=1/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=1/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-2)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=2/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=2/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-3)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=3/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=3/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-4)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=4/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=4/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-5)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=5/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=5/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-6)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=6/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=6/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-7)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=7/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=7/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-8)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=8/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=8/10
       ;;
     coverage-vltmt-9)
-      nodist/code_coverage --stages 1- --scenarios=--vltmt --hashset=9/10
+      "$MAKE" -C "$TEST_REGRESS" SCENARIOS="--vltmt" DRIVER_HASHSET=--hashset=9/10
       ;;
     *)
       fatal "Unknown test: $TESTS"

ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
 # Create the user
 RUN groupadd verilator \
@@ -36,12 +36,14 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                         help2man \
                         libfl2 \
                         libfl-dev \
+                        libclang-rt-18-dev \
                         libgoogle-perftools-dev \
                         libsystemc \
                         libsystemc-dev \
                         numactl \
                         perl \
                         python3 \
+                        python3-distro \
                         wget \
                         z3 \
                         zlib1g \

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+.. _verilator build docker container:
 
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Verilator Build Docker Container
 This Verilator Build Docker Container is set up to compile and test a
 Verilator build. It uses the following parameters:
 
--  Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
+- Source repository (default: https://github.com/verilator/verilator)
 
--  Source revision (default: master)
+- Source revision (default: master)
 
--  Compiler (GCC 10.3.0, clang 10.0.0, default: 10.3.0)
+- Compiler (GCC 13.3.0, clang 18.1.3, default: 13.3.0)
 
 The container is published as ``verilator/verilator-buildenv`` on `docker
 hub
@@ -31,18 +31,19 @@ To also run tests:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-To change the compiler:
+To change the compiler use the `-e` switch to pass environment variables:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-10 -e CXX=clang++-10 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -e CXX=clang++-18 verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
-The tests that involve gdb are not working due to security restrictions.
-To run those too:
+The tests, that involve numactl are not working due to security
+restrictions. To run those too, add the CAP_SYS_NICE capability during the
+start of the container:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -e CC=clang-10 -e CXX=clang++-10 --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE --security-opt seccomp=unconfined verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti --cap-add=CAP_SYS_NICE verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
 Rather then building using a remote git repository you may prefer to use a
 working copy on the local filesystem. Mount the local working copy path as
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ top of a repository:
 
 ::
 
-   docker run -ti -v ${PWD}:/tmp/repo -e REPO=/tmp/repo -e REV=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE --security-opt seccomp=unconfined verilator/verilator-buildenv test
+   docker run -ti -v ${PWD}:/tmp/repo -e REPO=/tmp/repo -e REV=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` verilator/verilator-buildenv test
 
 
 Rebuilding

ci/docker/buildenv/build.sh

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 : "${REPO:=https://github.com/verilator/verilator}"
 : "${REV:=master}"
-: "${CC:=gcc}"
 : "${CXX:=g++}"
 
 SRCS=$PWD/verilator

ci/docker/run/Dockerfile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
 RUN apt-get update \
     && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ RUN git clone "${REPO}" verilator && \
     make && \
     make install && \
     cd .. && \
-    rm -r verilator
+    rm -r verilator && \
+    ccache -C
 
 COPY verilator-wrap.sh /usr/local/bin/verilator-wrap.sh
 

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ easily as a docker image, e.g.:
 
    docker run -ti verilator/verilator:latest --version
 
-This will pull the container from `docker hub
-<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator and print
-Verilator's version.
+This will pull the container from `Docker Hub
+<https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator>`_, run the latest Verilator
+and print Verilator's version.
 
-Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all released versions, so you may
-easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
+Containers are automatically built and pushed to docker hub for all
+released versions, so you may easily compare results across versions, e.g.:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
    ./verilator-docker 4.030 --cc test.v
 
 If you prefer not to use ``verilator-docker`` you must give the container
-access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights.  For example
+access to your files as a volume with appropriate user rights. For example
 to Verilate test.v:
 
 ::
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Internals
 The Dockerfile builds Verilator and removes the tree when completed to
 reduce the image size. The entrypoint is a wrapper script
 (``verilator-wrap.sh``). That script 1. calls Verilator, and 2. copies the
-Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir``
-respectively. This allows the user to have the files to they may later
-build the C++ output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also
-patches the Verilated Makefile accordingly.
+Verilated runtime files to the ``obj_dir`` or the ``-Mdir`` respectively.
+This allows the user to have the files to they may later build the C++
+output with the matching runtime files. The wrapper also patches the
+Verilated Makefile accordingly.
 
 A hook is also defined and run by Docker Hub via automated builds.

ci/docker/run/hooks/post_push

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 if [ "$SOURCE_BRANCH"="stable" ]; then
-    docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
-    docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker tag $IMAGE_NAME $DOCKER_REPO:latest
+  docker push $DOCKER_REPO:latest
 fi

ci/docker/run/verilator-wrap.sh

@@ -11,21 +11,21 @@
 perl /usr/local/bin/verilator "$@"
 status=$?
 if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
-    exit $status
+  exit $status
 fi
 
 # Check if user set an obj_dir
 obj_dir=$(echo " $@" | grep -oP '\s--Mdir\s*\K\S+')
 if [ "$obj_dir" == "" ]; then
-    obj_dir="obj_dir"
+  obj_dir="obj_dir"
 fi
 
 # If the run was successful: Copy required files to allow build without this container
 if [ -e ${obj_dir} ]; then
-    # Copy files required for the build
-    mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
-    # Point Makefile to that folder
-    sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
+  # Copy files required for the build
+  mkdir -p ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/bin ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  cp -r /usr/local/share/verilator/include ${obj_dir}/vlt
+  # Point Makefile to that folder
+  sed -i 's/VERILATOR_ROOT = \/usr\/local\/share\/verilator/VERILATOR_ROOT = vlt/g' ${obj_dir}/*.mk
 fi

codecov.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
----
-# DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
-#
-# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
-# can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
-# Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
-# Version 2.0.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-####################
-# Validate:
-#  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-#
-codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: false
-coverage:
-  precision: 2
-  round: down
-  range: 50...100
-  ignore:
-    - "ci"  #
-    - "docs"  #
-    - "examples"  #
-    - "include/gtkwave"  #
-    - "include/vltstd"  #
-    - "test_regress"  #
-parsers:
-  gcov:
-    branch_detection:
-      conditional: true
-      loop: true
-      method: false
-      macro: false
-comment:
-  layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
-  behavior: default
-  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 # General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 # When releasing, also update header of Changes file, and CMakeLists.txt,
 # and commit using "devel release" or "Version bump" message
+# Then 'make distclean' 'autoconf' './configure' 'make' 'make test'
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.034 2025-02-24],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.044 2026-01-01],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -56,6 +57,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([partial-static],
                CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC=yes)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC)
 
+# Flag to enable compiling with AddressSanitizer
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use AddressSanitizer)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-asan],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-asan],
+                              [Enable compiling Verilator with ASAN
+                               AddressSanitizer for memory error detection.
+                               This disables tcmalloc.  Does not affect
+                               Verilated models using ASAN.])],
+              [case "${enableval}" in
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-asan]) ;;
+               esac],
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN)
+
 # Flag to enable linking Verilator with tcmalloc if available
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use tcmalloc)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
@@ -68,21 +85,27 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
                 *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-tcmalloc]) ;;
                esac],
               [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=no
+  AC_MSG_RESULT("disabled by --enable-dev-asan")
+else
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)
+fi
 
-# Flag to enable coverage build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-coverage],
-                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection.
+# Flag to enable code coverage build with gcov
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for gcov code coverage collection)
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([dev-gcov],
+              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dev-gcov],
+                              [Build Verilator for code coverage collection with gcov.
                                For developers only.])],
               [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-coverage]) ;;
+                yes) CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=yes ;;
+                no)  CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no ;;
+                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-dev-gcov]) ;;
                esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE)
+               CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV=no)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Special Substitutions - CFG_WITH_DEFENV
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use hardcoded paths)
@@ -177,7 +200,7 @@ AC_PROG_INSTALL
 
 AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
 CFG_CXX_VERSION=`$CXX --version | head -1`
-AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler version... $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXX_VERSION)
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([that C++ compiler can compile simple program])
@@ -377,7 +400,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    ])
 
 # Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "yes"; then
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
   # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
   #  If we use this then e.g. verilated.h functions properly show up
@@ -389,11 +412,19 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
   #  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
   # Otherwise static may not show as uncovered
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-static-functions)
-  # Exceptions can pollute the branch coverage data
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fno-exceptions)
-  # Define-out some impossible stuff
+  # Similarly for inline functions. - This is too slow. See Makefile_obj instead.
+  #_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fkeep-inline-functions)
+  # Make sure profiling is thread-safe
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-update=atomic)
+  # Ensure data files can be written from parallel runs
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-reproducible=parallel-runs)
+  # Save source files as absolute paths in gcno files
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-fprofile-abs-path)
+  # Define so compiled code can know
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,-DVL_GCOV)
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_GCOV],[1],[Defined if compiled with code coverage collection for gcov])]
 fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_GCOV)
 
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE,-pg)
@@ -431,10 +462,20 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_COROUTINES)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_COROUTINES)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser always
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_ASAN" = "yes"; then
+  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(-fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN,
+    [CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address -DVL_ASAN"
+     CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC="$CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC -fsanitize=address"
+     AC_DEFINE([HAVE_DEV_ASAN],[1],[Defined if built with AddresSanitizer])]
+  )
+fi
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_DEV_ASAN)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Qunused-arguments)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-shadow)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Wno-unused-parameter)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-faligned-new)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-exceptions)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
 
 # Flags for compiling Verilator parser always (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
@@ -445,16 +486,22 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER,-Wno-unused)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PARSER)
 
 # Flags for compiling the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-Og)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-Og)
 fi
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-ggdb)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-ggdb)
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_DBG)
 
 # Flags for linking the debug version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC)
-_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG,-gz)
-AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DEBUG)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG,-gz)
+AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_DBG)
+
+# Flags for compiling the optimized version of Verilator (in addition to above CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC)
+if test "$CFG_WITH_DEV_GCOV" = "no"; then # Do not optimize for the coverage build
+_MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT,-O3)
+fi
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_OPT)
 
 # Flags for Verilated makefile
 # For example, -Wno-div-by-zero isn't in 4.1.2
@@ -469,11 +516,13 @@ CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="-faligned-new"
 m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-fbracket-depth=4096],
         [-fcf-protection=none],
+        [-Xclang -fno-pch-timestamp],
         [-mno-cet],
         [-Qunused-arguments],
         [-Wno-bool-operation],
         [-Wno-c++11-narrowing],
         [-Wno-constant-logical-operand],
+        [-Wno-int-in-bool-context],
         [-Wno-non-pod-varargs],
         [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
         [-Wno-shadow],
@@ -485,7 +534,8 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
         [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
         [-Wno-unused-parameter],
-        [-Wno-unused-variable]],[
+        [-Wno-unused-variable],
+        [-Wno-vla-cxx-extension]],[
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_NO_UNUSED,cflag)
     # CMake will test what flags work itself, so pass all flags through to it
     CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE cflag"
@@ -515,7 +565,7 @@ if test "$CFG_ENABLE_PARTIAL_STATIC" = "yes"; then
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libgcc)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -static-libstdc++)
   _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LDFLAGS_SRC, -Xlinker -gc-sections)
-  LTCMALLOC=-l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a
+  LTCMALLOC="-Wl,--whole-archive -l:libtcmalloc_minimal.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"
 else
   LTCMALLOC=-ltcmalloc_minimal
 fi
@@ -544,10 +594,12 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-free)
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_TCMALLOC],[1],[Defined if have tcmalloc])
    fi],
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" = "yes"; then
     AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-tcmalloc was given but test for ${LTCMALLOC} failed])
    fi])
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_TCMALLOC)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 
 # Need C++14 at least
@@ -555,18 +607,15 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
    [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
     # Set $_my_result
-    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+    AC_RUN_IFELSE(
      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
 #if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
-    ], [[ ]])],
-     [_my_result=yes
-      if test -s conftest.err; then
-        if grep -e "$1" conftest.err >/dev/null; then
-          _my_result=no
-        fi
-      fi],
+    ], [[
+     ]])],
+     [_my_result=yes],
+     [_my_result=no],
      [_my_result=no])
    ])
 

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ Did you find a Verilator bug?
     demonstrating the bug and expected behavior that is not occurring.
 
   - The ideal example works against other simulators, and is in the
-    test_regress/t test format, as described in
-    `Verilator Internals Documentation
+    test_regress/t test format, as described in `Verilator Internals
+    Documentation
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
@@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/pulls>`__.
 
 - See the coding conventions, and other developer information in
-  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at
-  `Verilator Internals Documentation
+  ``docs/internals.rst`` in the distribution, or as rendered at `Verilator
+  Internals Documentation
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
-- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration.  You
-  may want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes
-  keep the tests passing.
+- Verilator uses GitHub Actions to provide continuous integration. You may
+  want to enable Actions on your GitHub branch to ensure your changes keep
+  the tests passing.
 
-- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source,
-  under the `Developer Certificate of
-  Origin <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first
-  contribution, you must either:
+- Your source-code contributions must be certified as open source, under
+  the `Developer Certificate of Origin
+  <https://developercertificate.org/>`__. On your first contribution, you
+  must either:
 
   - Have your patch include the addition of your name to `docs/CONTRIBUTORS
     <CONTRIBUTORS>`__ (preferred).
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
 Do you have questions on Verilator?
 -----------------------------------
 
-- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
-  manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator
-  manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
+- Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator manual
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator manual (PDF)
+  <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`__.
 
 - Ask any question in the `Verilator forum
   <https://verilator.org/forum>`__.

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ under the Developer Certificate of Origin (https://developercertificate.org/).
 
 Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.
 
+404allen404
 Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+أحمد المحمودي (Ahmed El-Mahmoudy)
 Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
-Àlex Torregrosa
 Aliaksei Chapyzhenka
 Ameya Vikram Singh
 Andrea Calabrese
@@ -19,30 +19,37 @@ Andreas Kuster
 Andrei Kostovski
 Andrew Miloradovsky
 Andrew Nolte
+Andrew Voznytsa
 Anthony Donlon
 Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
+Artur Bieniek
 Aylon Chaim Porat
 Bartłomiej Chmiel
+Brian Li
 Cameron Kirk
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Bachhuber
 Chris Randall
+Christian Hecken
 Christopher Taylor
 Chuxuan Wang
 Chykon
+Congcong Cai
 Conor McCullough
-Dan Petrisko
+Dan Ruelas-Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
+Danny Oler
+Dave Sargeant
 David Horton
 David Ledger
 David Metz
-Dave Sargeant
 David Stanford
 David Turner
 Dercury
 Diego Roux
+Dominick Grochowina
 Don Williamson
 Drew Ranck
 Drew Taussig
@@ -52,26 +59,27 @@ Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
-Furqan Nadir
-Fabian Keßler
+Fabian Keßler-Schulz
 Fan Shupei
-february cozzocrea
 Felix Neumärker
 Felix Yan
 Frans Skarman
 Fuad Ismail
+Furqan Nadir
 G-A. Kamendje
 Garrett Smith
+George Polack
 Geza Lore
 Gianfranco Costamagna
 Gijs Burghoorn
+Gilberto Abram
 Glen Gibb
-Gökçe Aydos
 Graham Rushton
 Greg Davill
 Guokai Chen
 Gus Smith
 Gustav Svensk
+Gökçe Aydos
 Han Qi
 Harald Heckmann
 Hennadii Chernyshchyk
@@ -80,12 +88,14 @@ Huang Rui
 Huanghuang Zhou
 HungMingWu
 HyungKi Jeong
-Ícaro Lima
+Ibrahim Burak Yorulmaz
+Igor Zaworski
 Ilya Barkov
 Iru Cai
 Ivan Vnučec
 Iztok Jeras
 Jake Merdich
+Jakub Wasilewski
 James Bailey
 James Hanlon
 James Hutchinson
@@ -94,23 +104,28 @@ James Shi
 Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
-Jiangjie Weng
 Jean Berniolles
+Jean-Nicolas Strauss
+Jens Yuechao Liu
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
 Jiacheng Qian
 Jiamin Zhu
-Jitesh Nayak
+Jiangjie Weng
 Jinyan Xu
+Jitesh Nayak
 Jiuyang Liu
+Joel Bodenmann
 Joey Liu
 John Coiner
 John Demme
+John Khoo
 John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
 Jonathan Schröter
 Jordan McConnon
+Jose Drowne
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
@@ -132,7 +147,9 @@ Krzysztof Boronski
 Krzysztof Boroński
 Krzysztof Obłonczek
 Krzysztof Starecki
+Krzysztof Sychla
 Kuba Ober
+Lan Zongwei
 Larry Doolittle
 Liam Braun
 Luca Colagrande
@@ -148,11 +165,15 @@ Marlon James
 Marshal Qiao
 Martin Schmidt
 Martin Stadler
+Mateusz Gancarz
+Matt Stroud
 Matthew Ballance
+Max Wipfli
+Michael Bedford Taylor
 Michael Bikovitsky
 Michael Killough
-Michaël Lefebvre
 Michal Czyz
+Michaël Lefebvre
 Mike Popoloski
 Miodrag Milanović
 Mladen Slijepcevic
@@ -172,11 +193,14 @@ Paul Bowen-Huggett
 Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Jewstafjew
+Pawel Kojma
 Pawel Sagan
 Pengcheng Xu
+Peter Birch
 Peter Debacker
 Peter Horvath
 Peter Monsson
+Petr Nohavica
 Philip Axer
 Philipp Wagner
 Pierre-Henri Horrein
@@ -191,37 +215,43 @@ Ricardo Barbedo
 Richard Myers
 Risto Pejašinović
 Robert Balas
+Robin Heinemann
+Rodrigo Batista de Moraes
 Rupert Swarbrick
 Ryan Ziegler
 Ryszard Rozak
 Samuel Riedel
 Sean Cross
 Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe
+Sergey Fedorov
 Sergi Granell
 Seth Pellegrino
+Shou-Li Hsu
 Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
 Stephen Henry
 Steven Hugg
-sumpster
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
-Tom Manner
+Thomas Aldrian
+Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
+Tobias Jensen
 Tobias Rosenkranz
 Tobias Wölfel
 Todd Strader
+Tom Manner
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
 Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
+Udaya Raj Subedi
 Udi Finkelstein
 Unai Martinez-Corral
-Udaya Raj Subedi
 Valentin Atepalikhin
 Varun Koyyalagunta
 Vassilis Papaefstathiou
@@ -242,7 +272,14 @@ Yuri Victorovich
 Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA
 Yves Mathieu
 Zhanglei Wang
+Zhen Yan
 Zhou Shen
+Zhouyi Shen
 Zixi Li
-أحمد المحمودي
-404allen404
+apocelipes
+dependabot[bot]
+february cozzocrea
+sumpster
+em2machine
+Àlex Torregrosa
+Ícaro Lima

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2026 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ BUILDDIR = _build
 
 SPHINXOPTS ?= -c guide -j 4
 ifneq ($(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID),)
-SPHINXOPTS += -D html_theme_options.analytics_id=$(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID)
+  SPHINXOPTS += -D html_theme_options.analytics_id=$(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID)
 endif
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -68,15 +68,21 @@ pdf:
 
 ######################################################################
 
-html latex linkcheck spelling::
+html latex linkcheck::
 	$(MAKE) vl-extract
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 	$(PYTHON3) bin/vl_sphinx_fix _build
 
+spelling::
+	$(MAKE) vl-extract
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+	sort -o guide/spelling.txt guide/spelling.txt
+
 help:
 	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
 
 clean mostlyclean distclean maintainer-clean::
+	rm -rf _build
 	rm -f $(SCRIPTS) *.tmp
 	rm -f *.aux *.cp *.cps *.dvi *.fn *.fns *.ky *.kys *.log
 	rm -f *.pg *.pgs *.toc *.tp *.tps *.vr *.vrs *.idx

docs/README.rst

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ For formatted documentation see:
 - `Verilator installation and package directory structure
   <https://verilator.org/install>`_
 
-- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
-  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_, or
+  `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
 
 - `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
   <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -11,9 +12,8 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxExtract:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, filename):
+    def process(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             fhw = None
             for line in fhr:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2026 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
 # pylint: disable=C0112,C0114,C0115,C0116,C0209,C0301,R0903
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
 ######################################################################
@@ -12,19 +13,17 @@ import re
 
 class VlSphinxFix:
     debug = 0
-    SkipBasenames = {}
 
-    def process(self, path):
+    def process(self, path: str) -> None:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
-                        and not os.path.islink(file)):
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
             self._edit(path)
 
-    def _edit(self, filename):
+    def _edit(self, filename: str) -> None:
         is_html = re.search(r'\.(html)$', filename)
         with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fhr:
             origfile = fhr.read()
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2026 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+
+     always @* a = 100;

docs/gen/ex_ALWNEVER_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_event_control_star_never_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ALWNEVER: example.v:1:3 'always @*' will never execute as expression list is empty (no variables read)

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+
+       output logic c_o,
+       output logic d_o
+   );
+     assign c_o = (a_i != 0) ? 1 : 0;

docs/gen/ex_ASSIGNEQEXPR_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_assigneqexpr_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-ASSIGNEQEXPR: example.v:1:11 Assignment '=' inside expression
+                                                       : ... Was a '==' intended, or suggest use a separate statement

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_badvltpragma_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     // verilator lintt_off WIDTH  //<--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)

docs/gen/ex_BADVLTPRAGMA_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_badvltpragma_bad
+.. code-block::
+   :emphasize-lines: 1,2
+
+   %Error-BADVLTPRAGMA: example.v:1:3 Unknown verilator comment: '/*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/'
+       7 |   /*verilator lintt_off WIDTH <--- Warning (lint_off misspelled)*/
+         |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_faulty.rst

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :linenos:
 
-      always_comb b = ~a;
-      always_comb a = b;
+     always_comb b = ~a;
+     always_comb a = b;

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 1 is active: @([hybrid] a)
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   -V{t#,#}         'stl' region trigger index 0 is active: @([hybrid] a)
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_DIDNOTCONVERGE_nodbg_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_didnotconverge_nodbg_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge.
+   %Error: t/t_lint_didnotconverge_bad.v:7: Settle region did not converge after 100 tries

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+     function void calls_timing_ctl;
+       @e;  // <--- Bad IEEE 1800-2023 13.4 time-controlling

docs/gen/ex_FUNCTIMECTL_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_functimectl_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-FUNCTIMECTL: example.v:1:5 Functions cannot contain time-controlling statements (IEEE 1800-2023 13.4)

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     sub #(.X(MY_X)) u_sub ();
+
+     localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;  // <--- BAD: IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2 no hierarchical

docs/gen/ex_HIERPARAM_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_param_hier_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-HIERPARAM: example.v:1:32 Parameter values cannot use hierarchical values (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.2)
+                                               : ... note: In instance 't'
+      36 |   localparam int SUB_Y = u_sub.Y;
+         |                                ^

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_faulty.rst

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 2,5
 
-      always @(posedge clk) begin
-         out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
-      always @(negedge clk) begin
-         out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
-      end
+     always @(posedge clk) begin
+       out2[7:0] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end
+     always @(negedge clk) begin
+       out2[15:8] <= d0;  // <--- Warning
+     end

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
-                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:21 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of first driving block
+                         example.v:1:5 ... Location of other driving block

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1
+
+     function int no_rtn();  // <--- Warning: No return
+     endfunction

docs/gen/ex_NORETURN_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_noreturn_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-NORETURN: example.v:1:16 Non-void function 'no_rtn' has no return value

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+   module sub;
+     parameter NODEF;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_PARAMNODEFAULT_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_paramnodefault_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-PARAMNODEFAULT: example.v:1:13 Parameter without default requires ANSI-style parameter list (IEEE 1800-2023 6.20.1): 'NODEF'
+       8 |   parameter NODEF;
+         |             ^~~~~

docs/gen/ex_PINMISSING_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_pinmissing_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Cell has missing pin: 'port'
+   %Warning-PINMISSING: example.v:1:8 Instance has missing pin: 'port'

docs/gen/ex_PKGNODECL_faulty.rst

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-.. comment: generated by t_lint_pkgnodecl_bad
-.. code-block:: sv
-   :linenos:
-   :emphasize-lines: 2
-
-   module t;
-      initial Pkg::hello();  //<--- Warning
-   endmodule
-   package Pkg;
-      function void hello(); endfunction
-   endpackage

docs/gen/ex_PKGNODECL_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-.. comment: generated by t_lint_pkgnodecl_bad
-.. code-block::
-
-   %Error-PKGNODECL: example.v:1:12 Package/class 'Pkg' not found, and needs to be predeclared (IEEE 1800-2023 26.3)

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 1,5
+
+     logic flop_out = 1;  // <--- Warning
+
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (enable) begin
+         flop_out <= ~in;  // <--- Use of initialized
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_fixed.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 5
+
+     logic flop2_out;
+
+     always @(posedge clk, negedge reset_l) begin
+       if (!reset_l) begin
+         flop2_out <= '1;  // <--- Added reset init
+       end
+       else if (enable) begin
+         flop2_out <= ~in;
+       end
+     end

docs/gen/ex_PROCASSINIT_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_lint_procassinit_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Warning-PROCASSINIT: example.v:1:20 Procedural assignment to declaration with initial value: 'flop_out'
+                                                         : ... note: In instance 't'
+                                                         : ... Location of variable initialization
+      26 |   logic flop_out = 1;
+         |                    ^
+                         example.v:1:7 ... Location of variable process write
+                                                        : ... Perhaps should initialize instead using a reset in this process
+      30 |       flop_out <= ~in;
+         |       ^~~~~~~~

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_faulty.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-         #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning
+       #100 $finish;  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_STMTDLY_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_stmtdly_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:7 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing
+   %Warning-STMTDLY: example.v:1:5 Ignoring delay on this statement due to --no-timing

docs/gen/ex_SUPERNFIRST_faulty.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_class_new_supernfirst_bad
+.. code-block:: sv
+   :linenos:
+   :emphasize-lines: 3
+
+     function new();
+       int x = $random();
+       super.new(build_coverage(x), x);  // <--- BAD, must be first statement

docs/gen/ex_SUPERNFIRST_msg.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. comment: generated by t_class_new_supernfirst_bad
+.. code-block::
+
+   %Error-SUPERNFIRST: example.v:1:11 'super.new' must be first statement in a 'function new' (IEEE 1800-2023 8.15)

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $error("User elaboration-time error");
+       $error("User elaboration-time error");

docs/gen/ex_USERERROR_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time error
+   %Warning-USERERROR: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time error

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");
+       $fatal(0, "User elaboration-time fatal");

docs/gen/ex_USERFATAL_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time fatal
+   %Warning-USERFATAL: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time fatal

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $info("User elaboration-time info");
+       $info("User elaboration-time info");

docs/gen/ex_USERINFO_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   -Info: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time info
+   -Info: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time info

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_faulty.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block:: sv
 
-         $warning("User elaboration-time warning");
+       $warning("User elaboration-time warning");

docs/gen/ex_USERWARN_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_assert_comp_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:7 User elaboration-time warning
+   %Warning-USERWARN: example.v:1:5 User elaboration-time warning

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_faulty.rst

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
    :emphasize-lines: 2
 
    module t;
-      integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
+     integer t;  //<--- Warning ('t' hidden by module 't')
    endmodule

docs/gen/ex_VARHIDDEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_var_bad_hide_docs
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:12 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
+   %Warning-VARHIDDEN: example.v:2:11 Declaration of signal hides declaration in upper scope: 't'
                        example.v:1:8 ... Location of original declaration

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_faulty.rst

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
    :linenos:
    :emphasize-lines: 3
 
-      int array[5];
-      bit [1:0] rd_addr;
-      wire int rd_value = array[rd_addr];  //<--- Warning
+     logic [31:0] array[5];
+     bit [1:0] rd_addr;
+     wire [31:0] rd_value = array[rd_addr];  //<--- Warning

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_fixed.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 .. code-block:: sv
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 
-      wire int rd_value = array[{1'b0, rd_addr}];  //<--- Fixed
+     wire [31:0] rd_value = array[{1'b0, rd_addr}];  //<--- Fixed

docs/gen/ex_WIDTHEXPAND_1_msg.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_widthexpand_docs_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-WIDTHEXPAND: example.v:3:29 Bit extraction of array[4:0] requires 3 bit index, not 2 bits.
+   %Warning-WIDTHEXPAND: example.v:3:31 Bit extraction of array[4:0] requires 3 bit index, not 2 bits.