Commentary - update version date

Merge from master for release.
Version bump
2026-10-04 00:53:42 +02:00 · 2024-02-25 07:20:30 -05:00 · 2024-02-24 07:48:43 -05:00 · 2024-02-24 07:39:16 -05:00 · 2024-02-23 11:49:42 -05:00 · 2024-02-23 23:05:53 +09:00
1119 changed files with 84135 additions and 32926 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+	"name": "Verilator Build Environment",
+
+	"build": {
+        "dockerfile": "../ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile"
+    }
+
+}
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Thanks for taking the time to report this.

 Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, ideally in test_regress format.)

+What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
+
 What 'verilator --version' are you using?  Did you try it with the git master version?

 What OS and distribution are you using?
@@ -37,43 +37,29 @@ jobs:
        compiler:
          - { cc: clang, cxx: clang++ }
          - { cc: gcc,   cxx: g++     }
-        # m32 1 is deprecated, not here to speed up regressions
-        m32: [0]
-        exclude:
-          # Build pull requests only with ubuntu-22.04 and without m32
-          # - os:  ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 'ubuntu-18.04' || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # - os:  ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 'ubuntu-20.04' || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # - m32: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 1              || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # Build -m32 only on ubuntu-22.04 clang++
-          - {os: ubuntu-18.04, m32: 1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, m32: 1}
-          - compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }
-            m32: 1
        include:
          # Build GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
          - os: ubuntu-20.04
            compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }
-            m32: 0
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} ${{ matrix.m32 && '| -m32' || '' }}
+    name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
    env:
      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CI_M32: ${{ matrix.m32 }}
      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-m32=${{ matrix.m32 }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}${{ matrix.m32 && '-m32' || '' }}.tar.gz
+      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
    steps:

    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
      with:
        path: repo

    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
      env:
        CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
      with:
@@ -93,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
      run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo

    - name: Upload tar archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
@@ -108,40 +94,28 @@ jobs:
        compiler:
          - { cc: clang, cxx: clang++ }
          - { cc: gcc,   cxx: g++     }
-        m32: [0]
        suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, vltmt-0, vltmt-1]
-        exclude:
-          # Build pull requests only with ubuntu-22.04 and without m32
-          # - os:  ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 'ubuntu-18.04' || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # - os:  ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 'ubuntu-20.04' || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # - m32: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 1              || 'do-not-exclude' }}
-          # Build -m32 only on ubuntu-22.04
-          - {os: ubuntu-18.04, m32: 1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, m32: 1}
-          - compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }
-            m32: 1
        include:
-          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04 without m32
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, m32: 0, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, m32: 0, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, m32: 0, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, m32: 0, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, m32: 0, suite: vltmt-1}
+          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: vltmt-1}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} | ${{ matrix.suite }} ${{ matrix.m32 && '| -m32' || '' }}
+    name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} | ${{ matrix.suite }}
    env:
      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: test
      CI_RUNS_ON: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      CI_M32: ${{ matrix.m32 }}
      CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
      CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
-      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-m32=${{ matrix.m32 }}-${{ matrix.suite }}
+      CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-${{ matrix.suite }}
      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
-      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}${{ matrix.m32 && '-m32' || '' }}.tar.gz
+      VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
    steps:

    - name: Download tar archive
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -151,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
      run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}

    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
      env:
        CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
      with:
@@ -167,3 +141,29 @@ jobs:
      env:
        TESTS: ${{ matrix.suite }}
      run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+
+  lint-py:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Lint Python
+    env:
+      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
+      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        path: repo
+
+    - name: Install packages for build
+      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+
+    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
+    # update may add a warning and break our build
+    - name: Install packages for lint
+      run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
+
+    - name: Configure
+      run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+
+    - name: Lint
+      run: make -k lint-py
@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ jobs:
    name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.pl
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ on:
 env:
  CI_OS_NAME: linux
  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-  CI_M32: 0
  COVERAGE: 1
  VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-coverage-${{ github.sha }}.tar.gz

@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:

    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
      with:
        path: repo

@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
      run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo

    - name: Upload tar archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:

    - name: Download tar archive
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Extract context variables
      run: |
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ jobs:
      CI_OS_NAME: linux
      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
      CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      CI_M32: 0
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Install packages for build
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
-name: lint
-
-on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-  - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # weekly
-
-env:
-  CI_OS_NAME: linux
-  CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-    working-directory: repo
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-
-  lint-py:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    name: Lint Python
-    env:
-      CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
-      CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
-      CI_M32: 0
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        path: repo
-
-    - name: Install packages for build
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
-
-    # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
-    # update may add a warning and break our build
-    - name: Install packages for lint
-      run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
-
-    - name: Configure
-      run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
-
-    - name: Lint
-      run: make -k lint-py
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ jobs:
    name: run on windows
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      with:
        path: repo
    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
        key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Zip up repository
      run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
    - name: Upload zip archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
        name: verilator-win.zip
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
 project(Verilator
-    VERSION 5.018
+    VERSION 5.022
    HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
    LANGUAGES CXX
 )
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ if (NOT WIN32)
    message(WARNING "CMake support on Linux/OSX is experimental.")
 endif()

-if (MSVC)
+if (WIN32)
    if (DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
        set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
    endif()
@@ -48,6 +48,27 @@ if (MSVC)
    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 endif()

+set(OBJCACHE "" CACHE STRING "Path for ccache, auto-detected if empty")
+option(OBJCACHE_ENABLED "Compile Verilator with ccache" ON)
+
+if (OBJCACHE_ENABLED)
+    if (OBJCACHE STREQUAL "")
+        find_program(OBJCACHE_PATH ccache)
+        if (OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "OBJCACHE_PATH-NOTFOUND")
+            set(OBJCACHE_PATH "")
+        endif()
+    else()
+        set(OBJCACHE_PATH "${OBJCACHE}")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "")
+        execute_process(COMMAND "${OBJCACHE_PATH}" --version
+                OUTPUT_VARIABLE objcache_version)
+        string(REGEX MATCH "[^\n\r]+" objcache_version "${objcache_version}")
+        message(STATUS "Found ccache: ${OBJCACHE_PATH} (\"${objcache_version}\")")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${OBJCACHE_PATH}")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 find_package(BISON)
 find_package(FLEX)

@@ -8,6 +8,127 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested a given feature are shown in []. Thanks!


+Verilator 5.022 2024-02-24
+==========================
+
+**Minor:**
+
+* Add predicted stack overflow warning (#4799).
+* Add `+verilator+coverage+file` runtime option.
+* Add `--assert-case` option (#4919). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Add `--decorations node` for inserting debug comments into emitted code.
+* Add `--json-only` and related JSON dumping (#4715) (#4831). [Szymon Gizler, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add `--[no]-stop-fail` option for continuing after assertions (#4904). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Add `--runtime-debug` for Verilated executable runtime debugging.
+* Add `--valgrind` switch (#4828). [Szymon Gizler]
+* Add `unroll_disable` and `unroll_full` loop control metacomments (#3260). [Jiaxun Yang]
+* Remove deprecated 32-bit pointer mode (`gcc -m32`).
+* Deprecate --xml-only and XML dumping (#4715) (#4831).
+* Change zero replication width error to ZEROREPL warning (#4753) (#4762). [Pengcheng Xu]
+* Improve message for priority case assertion failure (#4905). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Support dumping coverage with `--main`.
+* Support dumping DFG patterns with `--stats` (#4889). [Geza Lore]
+* Support `vpiConstType` in `vpi_get_str()` (#4797). [Marlon James]
+* Support SystemC 3.0.0 public review version (#4805) (#4807). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Support parsing anonymous primitive instantiations (#4809). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix to not emit already waived warnings in waiver output (#4574) (#4818). [Jonathan Schröter]
+* Fix `this` in member initialization (#4710). [eliasphanna]
+* Fix localparam elaboration (#3858) (#4794). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Fix lint_off disables on preprocessor warnings (#4703). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Fix $time not rounding up (#4790) (#4792). [Paul Wright]
+* Fix `vpi_get()` and `vpi_get64()` to return vpiUndefined on errors (#4795). [Marlon James]
+* Fix VPI parameter iteration (#4798). [Marlon James]
+* Fix delays using wrong timeunit when modules inlined (#4806). [Paul Wright]
+* Fix warnings in verilated_sc_trace.h for Clang. (#4807) (#4827). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix null pointer dereference (#4810) (#4825). [Adrian Sampson]
+* Fix compilation error on multi-inherited interface class usage (#4819).
+* Fix maybe-uninitialized compiler warning (#4820) (#4822). [Larry Doolittle]
+* Fix mis-splitting of dump control functions (#4821). [Fan Shupei]
+* Fix wrong utimes() parameter (#4829). [Szymon Gizler]
+* Fix incorrect bit-op-tree NOT optimization (#4832) (#4847). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix width calculation in replaceShiftOp (#4837) (#4841) (#4849). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix unsafe write in wide array insertion (#4850) (#4855). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix NOT when checking EQ/NEQ under AND/OR tree (#4857) (#4863). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix tracing chandles (#4860). [Nathan Graybeal]
+* Fix $fwrite of null (#4862). [Jose Tejada]
+* Fix -fno-const-bit-op-tree wrong runtime result (#4864) (#4867). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix SystemC biguint sign desynchronization (#4870). [Bartłomiej Chmiel]
+* Fix incorrect temporary insertion in loop conditions with statements (#4873). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix timing with expr on assign LHS (#4880). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix assertion for unique case (#4892). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix GCC tautological-compare warnings.
+* Fix compile error on structs with queues (and ignore toggle coverage on queues).
+* Fix toggle coverage error on multi-edge driven signals.
+* Fix whitespace in `pragma protect version` (#4902) (#4914). [Paul Swirhun]
+* Fix incorrect code generation for change expression on typedefed unpacked array (#4915). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix inconsistent driver resolution with typedefs (#4917). [Geza Lore]
+
+
+Verilator 5.020 2024-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Major:**
+
+* Support compilation with precompiled headers with Make, and GCC or CLang.
+* Change include to systemc instead of systemc.h (#4622) (#4623). [Chih-Mao Chen]
+  This may require that SystemC programs add 'using namespace sc_core', 'using namespace sc_dt'.
+
+**Minor:**
+
+* Add devcontainer support (#4748). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
+* Support `iff` in sensitivity list (#1482) (#4626). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support parameterized virtual interfaces (#4047) (#4743). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support --timing triggers for virtual interfaces (#4673). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support ccache when compiling Verilator with CMake (#4678). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Support passing constraints to --xml-only output (still otherwise unsupported) (#4683). [Shahid Ikram]
+* Support node memory usage information in --stats (#4684). [Geza Lore]
+* Support vpiConstType in vpi_get() (#4761). [Todd Strader]
+* Support vpi_iterate on packages with vpiInstance (#4726). [Todd Strader]
+* Support multiple parameters in virtual interfaces (#4745). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support user C/C++ code in final archive, and make a lib{model}.a (#4749) (#4754). [Fan Shupei]
+* Support inside operator on unpacked arrays and queues (#4751). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI parameter iteration (#4765). [Todd Strader]
+* Support packages in vpi_handle_by_name() (#4768). [Todd Strader]
+* Support invoking interface methods on virtual interface variables (#4774) (#4775). [Jordan McConnon]
+* Remove deprecated options (#4663). [Geza Lore]
+* Remove older compiler support; require C++14 or newer (#4784) (#4786).
+* Optimize timing-delayed queue (#4584). [qrqiuren]
+* Optimize substitute optimization memory usage (#4687). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize wide primitive operations with -Oz (#4733). [Geza Lore]
+* Optimize V3Premit performance etc. (#4736). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix VPI TOP level variable iteration (#3919) (#4618). [Marlon James]
+* Fix display with no % printing assoc array (#4376). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Fix scheduling of external force signals (#4577) (#4668). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix a memory leak in V3Fork (#4628). [Krzysztof Boroński]
+* Fix linking parameterized hierarchical blocks and recursive hierarchical blocks (#4654). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix identifiers that end with '_' on Windows (#4655). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix 'for' loop with outside variable reference (#4660). [David Harris]
+* Fix tracing FST enums (#4661) (#4756). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix interface parameters used in loop generate constructs (#4664) (#4665). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix C++20 compilation errors (#4670).
+* Fix deadlocks in error handler (#4672). [Mariusz Glebocki, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix MingW compilation (#4675). [David Ledger]
+* Fix trace when using SystemC with certain configurations (#4676). [Anthony Donlon]
+* Fix range access to classes depending on parameter resolution (#4681). [Krzysztof Boroński]
+* Fix select into constant And/Or/Xor pattern (#4689). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix access type of function arguments (#4692) (#4694). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dynamic NBAs with automatic vars (#4696). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix # 0 delays for process resumption, etc. (#4697). [Krzysztof Boroński]
+* Fix conflicted namespace for coroutines (#4701) (#4707). [Jinyan Xu]
+* Fix compilers seeing empty input due to file system races (#4708). [Flavien Solt]
+* Fix shift of > 32-bit number (#4719). [Flavien Solt]
+* Fix Windows include gates in filesystem Flush implementation. (#4720). [William D. Jones]
+* Fix power operator with wide numbers and constants (#4721) (#4763). [Flavien Solt]
+* Fix parameter passing to ports (#4723). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix block names of nested do..while loops (#4728). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix class name in error on 'new' on virtual class (#4739). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix typedefs pointing to parameterized classes (#4747). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix $finish twice to no longer exit (#4757). [Tim Hutt]
+* Fix dynamic NBA conditions (#4773). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `V3Fork` stage to run only if `--timing` is set (#4778). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix max multiply width and add runtime assertions if too small. (#4781)
+
+
 Verilator 5.018 2023-10-30
 ==========================

@@ -206,7 +327,7 @@ Verilator 5.012 2023-06-13
 * Optimize VPI callValueCbs (#4155). [Hennadii Chernyshchyk]
 * Configure for faster C++ linking using 'mold', if it is installed.
 * Fix crash on duplicate imported modules (#3231). [Robert Balas]
-* Fix false WIDTHEXPAND on array declarations (#3959). [JOTEGO]
+* Fix false WIDTHEXPAND on array declarations (#3959). [Jose Tejada]
 * Fix marking overridden methods as coroutines (#4120) (#4169). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix SystemC signal copy macro use (#4135). [Josep Sans]
 * Fix duplicate static names in blocks in functions (#4144) (#4160). [Stefan Wallentowitz]
@@ -510,7 +631,7 @@ Verilator 5.002 2022-10-29
 * Fix null access on optimized-out fork statements (#3658). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix VPI inline module naming mismatch (#3690) (#3694). [Jiuyang Liu]
 * Fix deadlock in timeprecision when using SystemC (#3707). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd]
-* Fix width mismatch on inside operator (#3714). [Alex Torregrosa]
+* Fix width mismatch on inside operator (#3714). [Àlex Torregrosa]


 Verilator 4.228 2022-10-01
@@ -740,7 +861,7 @@ Verilator 4.214 2021-10-17
 * Fix removing if statement with side effect in condition (#3131). [Alexander Grobman]
 * Fix --waiver-output for multiline warnings (#2429) (#3141). [Keith Colbert]
 * Fix internal error on bad widths (#3140) (#3145). [Zhanglei Wang]
-* Fix crash on clang 12/13 (#3148). [Kouping Hsu]
+* Fix crash on clang 12/13 (#3148). [Kuoping Hsu]
 * Fix cygwin compile error due to missing -std=gnu++14 (#3149). [Sun Kim]
 * Fix $urandom_range when the range is 0 ... UINT_MAX (#3161). [Iru Cai]
 * Fix constructor-parameter argument comma-separation in C++ (#3162). [Matthew Ballance]
@@ -855,12 +976,12 @@ Verilator 4.202 2021-04-24
 * Mark --no-relative-cfuncs as scheduled for deprecation.
 * Add --coverage-max-width (#2853). [xuejiazidi]
 * Add VerilatedCovContext::forcePerInstance (#2793). [Kevin Laeufer]
-* Add FST SystemC tracing (#2806). [Alex Torregrosa]
+* Add FST SystemC tracing (#2806). [Àlex Torregrosa]
 * Add PINNOTFOUND warning in place of error (#2868). [Udi Finkelstein]
 * Support overlaps in priority case statements (#2864). [Rupert Swarbrick]
 * Support for null ports (#2875). [Udi Finkelstein]
 * Fix class unpacked-array compile error (#2774). [Iru Cai]
-* Fix scope types in FST and VCD traces (#2805). [Alex Torregrosa]
+* Fix scope types in FST and VCD traces (#2805). [Àlex Torregrosa]
 * Fix exceeding command-line ar limit (#2834). [Yinan Xu]
 * Fix false $dumpfile warning on model save (#2834). [Yinan Xu]
 * Fix --timescale-override not suppressing TIMESCALEMOD (#2838). [Kaleb Barrett]
@@ -917,7 +1038,7 @@ Verilator 4.110 2021-02-25
 **Minor:**

 * Support concat selection (#2721).
-* Support struct scopes when dumping structs to VCD (#2776) [Alex Torregrosa]
+* Support struct scopes when dumping structs to VCD (#2776) [Àlex Torregrosa]
 * Generate SELRANGE for potentially unreachable code (#2625) (#2754) [Pierre-Henri Horrein]
 * For --flatten, override inlining of public and no_inline modules (#2761) [James Hanlon]
 * Fix little endian interface pin swizzling (#2475). [Don Owen]
@@ -928,7 +1049,7 @@ Verilator 4.110 2021-02-25
 * Fix class extends with VM_PARALLEL_BUILDS (#2775). [Iru Cai]
 * Fix shifts by > 32 bit values (#2785). [qrq992]
 * Fix examples not flushing vcd (#2787). [Richard E George]
-* Fix little endian packed array pattern assignment (#2795). [Alex Torregrosa]
+* Fix little endian packed array pattern assignment (#2795). [Àlex Torregrosa]


 Verilator 4.108 2021-01-10
@@ -1404,7 +1525,7 @@ Verilator 4.014 2019-05-08
 **Minor:**

 * Add --trace-fst-thread.
-* Support '#' comments in $readmem. (#1411) [Frederick Requin]
+* Support '#' comments in $readmem. (#1411) [Frédéric Requin]
 * Support "'dx" constants. (#1423) [Udi Finkelstein]
 * For FST tracing use LZ4 compression. [Tony Bybell]
 * Add error when use parameters without value. (#1424) [Peter Gerst]
@@ -1674,19 +1795,19 @@ Verilator 3.912 2017-09-23

 **Minor:**

-* Support or/and/xor array intrinsic methods. (#1210) [Mike Popoloski]
+* Support or/and/xor array intrinsic methods. (#1210) [Michael Popoloski]
 * Support package export. (#1217) [Usuario Eda]
-* Support module port parameters without defaults. (#1213) [Mike Popoloski]
+* Support module port parameters without defaults. (#1213) [Michael Popoloski]
 * Add performance information to --stats file.
 * Simplify VL_CONST_W macro generation for faster compiles.
 * Optimize improvements for Shift-And, and replication constructs.
-* Fix ordering of arrayed cell wide connections. (#1202 partial) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix LITENDIAN warning on arrayed cells. (#1202) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix enum ranges without colons. (#1204) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix GCC noreturn compile error. (#1209) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix constant function default parameters. (#1211) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix non-colon array of interface modports. (#1212) [Mike Popoloski]
-* Fix .name connections on interfaces. (#1214) [Mike Popoloski]
+* Fix ordering of arrayed cell wide connections. (#1202 partial) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix LITENDIAN warning on arrayed cells. (#1202) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix enum ranges without colons. (#1204) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix GCC noreturn compile error. (#1209) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix constant function default parameters. (#1211) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix non-colon array of interface modports. (#1212) [Michael Popoloski]
+* Fix .name connections on interfaces. (#1214) [Michael Popoloski]
 * Fix wide array indices causing compile error.


@@ -1808,8 +1929,8 @@ Verilator 3.888 2016-10-14

 **Minor:**

-* Add --no-decoration to remove output comments, msg2015. [Frederic Requin]
-* If VM_PARALLEL_BUILDS=1, use OPT_FAST and OPT_SLOW. [Frederic Requin]
+* Add --no-decoration to remove output comments, msg2015. [Frédéric Requin]
+* If VM_PARALLEL_BUILDS=1, use OPT_FAST and OPT_SLOW. [Frédéric Requin]
  Set VM_DEFAULT_RULES=0 for old behavior.
 * Add error on DPI functions > 32 bits. (#1898) [Elliot Mednick]
 * Improve Verilation performance on internal strings. (#1896) [Johan Bjork]
@@ -1845,7 +1966,7 @@ Verilator 3.884 2016-05-18
 * Fix --output-split of constructors. (#1035) [Johan Bjork]
 * Fix removal of empty packages, modules and cells. (#1034) [Johan Bjork]
 * Fix core dump on Arch Linux/GCC 6.1.1. (#1058) [Jannis Harder]
-* Fix $value$plusargs to string. (#1880) [Frederic Requin]
+* Fix $value$plusargs to string. (#1880) [Frédéric Requin]


 Verilator 3.882 2016-03-01
@@ -1924,13 +2045,13 @@ Verilator 3.876 2015-08-12

 **Minor:**

-* Add tracing_on, etc to vlt files. (#932) [Frederic Requin]
+* Add tracing_on, etc to vlt files. (#932) [Frédéric Requin]
 * Support extraction of enum bits. (#951) [Jonathon Donaldson]
 * Fix MinGW compiler error. (#927) (#929) [Hans Tichelaar]
 * Fix .c files to be treated as .cpp. (#930) [Jonathon Donaldson]
 * Fix string-to-int space conversion. (#931) [Fabrizio Ferrandi]
 * Fix dpi imports inside generates. [Michael Tresidder]
-* Fix rounding in trace $timescale. (#946) [Frederic Requin]
+* Fix rounding in trace $timescale. (#946) [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix $fopen with SV string. (#947) [Sven Stucki]
 * Fix hashed error with typedef inside block. (#948) [Sven Stucki]
 * Fix makefile with --coverage. (#953) [Eivind Liland]
@@ -2170,7 +2291,7 @@ Verilator 3.852 2013-09-29

 * Support named function and task arguments. [Chris Randall]
 * Report SELRANGE warning for non-generate if. (#675) [Roland Kruse]
-* Fix ordering of $fgetc. (#1808) [Frederic Requin]
+* Fix ordering of $fgetc. (#1808) [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix --output-split-cfunc to count internal functions. [Chris Randall]
 * Fix crash on 32-bit Ubuntu. (#670) [Mark Jackson Pulver]

@@ -2238,7 +2359,7 @@ Verilator 3.846 2013-03-09
 * Fix DETECTARRAY on packed structures. (#610) [Jeremy Bennett]
 * Fix LITENDIAN on unpacked structures. (#614) [Wai Sum Mong]
 * Fix 32-bit OS VPI scan issue. (#615)  [Jeremy Bennett, Rich Porter]
-* Fix opening a VerilatedVcdC file multiple times. (#1774) [Frederic Requin]
+* Fix opening a VerilatedVcdC file multiple times. (#1774) [Frédéric Requin]
 * Fix UNOPTFLAT circular array bounds crossing. (#630) [Jie Xu]


@@ -3550,7 +3671,7 @@ Verilator 3.460 2005-07-27 Beta
 * Fix false warning when a clock is constant.
 * Fix X/Z in decimal numbers. [Wim Michiels]
 * Fix genvar statements in non-named generate blocks.
-* Fix core dump when missing newline in `define. [David van der bokke]
+* Fix core dump when missing newline in `define. [David van der Bokke]


 Verilator 3.450 2005-07-12
@@ -4446,7 +4567,7 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========

-Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ SUBDIRS = docs src test_regress \
 	examples/make_tracing_c \
 	examples/make_tracing_sc \
 	examples/make_protect_lib \
-	examples/xml_py \
+	examples/json_py \

 INFOS = verilator.html verilator.pdf

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ installdata:
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_tracing_c
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_tracing_sc
 	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_protect_lib
-	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/xml_py
+	$(MKINSTALLDIRS) $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/json_py
 	cd $(srcdir) \
 	; for p in $(VL_INST_DATA_SRCDIR_FILES) ; do \
 	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/$$p; \
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ uninstall:
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_tracing_c
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_tracing_sc
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/cmake_protect_lib
-	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/xml_py
+	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples/json_py
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)
 	-rmdir $(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ CPPCHECK_FLAGS = --enable=all --inline-suppr \
 	--suppress=useStlAlgorithm
 CPPCHECK_FLAGS += --xml
 CPPCHECK_DEP = $(subst .cpp,.cppcheck,$(CHECK_CPP))
-CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src
+CPPCHECK_INC = -I$(srcdir)/include -I$(srcdir)/include/gtkwave -I$(srcdir)/include/vltstd -I$(srcdir)/src/obj_dbg -I$(srcdir)/src

 cppcheck: cppcheck-1 cppcheck-2 cppcheck-3 cppcheck-4 cppcheck-5 cppcheck-6 cppcheck-7 cppcheck-8
 cppcheck-1:
@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
 	bin/verilator_gantt \
 	bin/verilator_includer \
 	bin/verilator_profcfunc \
-	examples/xml_py/vl_file_copy \
-	examples/xml_py/vl_hier_graph \
+	examples/json_py/vl_file_copy \
+	examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph \
 	docs/guide/conf.py \
 	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract \
 	docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix \
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ executable performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking
 Verilated generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.

 Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full-featured
-replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, needs SDF annotation,
+replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
 mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
-`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork.)  However, if you are looking for a path
+`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork).  However, if you are looking for a path
 to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high-speed simulation of
 designs, Verilator is the tool for you.

@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
 Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
 thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
 module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
-single-thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
+single thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
 thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
 as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
 multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).

-Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus the
+Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus
 closed-source Verilog simulators (e.g., Carbon Design Systems Carbonator,
 Modelsim/Questa, Cadence Incisive/NC-Verilog, Synopsys VCS, VTOC, and
 Pragmatic CVer/CVC). But, Verilator is open-sourced, so you can spend on
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Related Projects
 Open License
 ============

-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)

 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ my $opt_rr;
 my $opt_gdbbt;
 my $opt_quiet_exit;
 my $opt_unlimited_stack = 1;
+my $opt_valgrind;

 # No arguments can't do anything useful.  Give help
 if ($#ARGV < 0) {
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ if (! GetOptions(
          "quiet-exit!"      => \$opt_quiet_exit,
          "rr!"              => \$opt_rr,
          "unlimited-stack!" => \$opt_unlimited_stack,
+          "valgrind!"        => \$opt_valgrind,
          # Additional parameters
          "<>"               => sub {},      # Ignored
    )) {
@@ -109,6 +111,18 @@ if ($opt_gdb) {
         . " -ex \"run " . join(' ', @quoted_sw)."\""
         . " -ex 'set width 0'"
         . " -ex 'bt' -ex 'quit'");
+} elsif ($opt_valgrind) {
+    # Run under valgrind
+    my $valgrind_bin = ($ENV{VERILATOR_VALGRIND} || "valgrind --error-exitcode=1 --max-stackframe=2815880"
+        # Magic number sugested by valgrind, may need to be increased in future
+        # if you get warnings. See: https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/manual-core.html#opt.max-stackframe
+        );
+
+    run (ulimit_stack_unlimited()
+         . aslr_off()
+         . $valgrind_bin
+         . " " . verilator_bin()
+         . " " . join(' ', @quoted_sw));
 } elsif ($Debug) {
    # Debug
    run(ulimit_stack_unlimited()
@@ -299,6 +313,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     +1800-2012ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2012 with file extension <ext>
     +1800-2017ext+<ext>        Use SystemVerilog 2017 with file extension <ext>
    --assert                    Enable all assertions
+    --assert-case               Enable unique/unique0/priority case related checks
    --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
    --bbox-sys                  Blackbox unknown $system calls
    --bbox-unsup                Blackbox unsupported language features
@@ -307,7 +322,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --build-dep-bin <filename>  Override build dependency Verilator binary
    --build-jobs <jobs>         Parallelism for --build
    --cc                        Create C++ output
-    --cdc                       Clock domain crossing analysis
     -CFLAGS <flags>            C++ compiler arguments for makefile
    --clk <signal-name>         Mark specified signal as clock
    --no-clk <signal-name>      Prevent marking specified signal as clock
@@ -325,7 +339,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --no-debug-leak             Disable leaking memory in --debug mode
    --debugi <level>            Enable debugging at a specified level
    --debugi-<srcfile> <level>  Enable debugging a source file at a level
-    --no-decoration             Disable comments and symbol decorations
+    --decorations <level>       Set output comment and spacing level
+    --no-decoration             Disable comments and lower spacing level
    --default-language <lang>   Default language to parse
     +define+<var>=<value>      Set preprocessor define
    --dpi-hdr-only              Only produce the DPI header file
@@ -334,6 +349,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --dump-graph                Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files
    --dump-tree                 Enable dumping Ast .tree files
    --dump-tree-addrids         Use short identifiers instead of addresses
+    --dump-tree-dot             Enable dumping Ast .tree.dot debug files
    --dump-<srcfile>            Enable dumping everything in source file
    --dumpi-dfg <level>         Enable dumping DfgGraphs to .dot files at level
    --dumpi-graph <level>       Enable dumping V3Graphs to .dot files at level
@@ -347,6 +363,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     -f <file>                  Parse arguments from a file
     -FI <file>                 Force include of a file
    --flatten                   Force inlining of all modules, tasks and functions
+    --future0 <option>          Ignore an option for compatibility
+    --future1 <option>          Ignore an option with argument for compatibility
     -fno-<optimization>        Disable internal optimization stage
     -G<name>=<value>           Overwrite top-level parameter
    --gate-stmts <value>        Tune gate optimizer depth
@@ -383,7 +401,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     -O3                        High-performance optimizations
     -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
     -o <executable>            Name of final executable
-    --no-order-clock-delay      Disable ordering clock enable assignments
    --output-split <statements>          Split .cpp files into pieces
    --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split model functions
    --output-split-ctrace <statements>   Split tracing functions
@@ -404,7 +421,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --protect-ids               Hash identifier names for obscurity
    --protect-key <key>         Key for symbol protection
    --protect-lib <name>        Create a DPI protected library
-    --public                    Debugging; see docs
+    --public                    Mark signals as public; see docs
+    --public-depth <level>      Mark public to specified module depth
    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
    --public-flat-rw            Mark all variables, etc as public_flat_rw
     -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
@@ -413,12 +431,14 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --reloop-limit              Minimum iterations for forming loops
    --report-unoptflat          Extra diagnostics for UNOPTFLAT
    --rr                        Run Verilator and record with rr
+    --runtime-debug             Enable model runtime debugging
    --savable                   Enable model save-restore
    --sc                        Create SystemC output
    --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
    --stats                     Create statistics file
    --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
    --no-std                    Prevent parsing standard library
+    --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
    --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
     -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
     +systemverilogext+<ext>    Synonym for +1800-2017ext+<ext>
@@ -449,6 +469,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --unused-regexp <regexp>    Tune UNUSED lint signals
     -V                         Verbose version and config
     -v <filename>              Verilog library
+    --valgrind                  Run Verilator under valgrind
    --verilate-jobs             Job threads for Verilation stage
    --no-verilate               Skip Verilation and just compile previously Verilated code
     +verilog1995ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-1995ext+<ext>
@@ -471,6 +492,11 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
    --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
    --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
    --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
+    --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
+    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of adresses/paths in .tree.json
+    --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
+    --json-only-output          .tree.json output filename
+    --json-only-meta-output     .tree.meta.json output filename
    --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
    --xml-output                XML output filename
     -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules
@@ -484,6 +510,7 @@ description of these arguments.

     +verilator+debug                  Enable debugging
     +verilator+debugi+<value>         Enable debugging at a level
+     +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>   Set coverage output filename
     +verilator+error+limit+<value>    Set error limit
     +verilator+help                   Display help
     +verilator+noassert               Disable assert checking
@@ -501,7 +528,7 @@ description of these arguments.

 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.

-Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    For documentation see
    https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2002-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    """Copyright 2002-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -177,18 +177,18 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
    --write <filename>            Write aggregate coverage results.
    --write-info <filename.info>  Write lcov .info.

-    +libext+I<ext>+I<ext>...      Extensions for Verilog files.
-    +define+I<var>+I<value>       Defines the given variable.
-    -DI<var>=I<value>             Defines the given variable.
-    +incdir+I<dir>                Add directory for finding include files.
-    -II<dir>                      Add directory for finding include files.
-    -y I<dir>                     Specifies module search directory.
+    +libext+<ext>+<ext>...        Extensions for Verilog files.
+    +define+<var>+<value>         Defines the given variable.
+    -D<var>=<value>               Defines the given variable.
+    +incdir+<dir>                 Add directory for finding include files.
+    -I<dir>                       Add directory for finding include files.
+    -y <dir>                      Specifies module search directory.

 =head1 DISTRIBUTION

 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.

-Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
 directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2005-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    """Copyright 2005-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2018-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    """Copyright 2018-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 # of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 # Artistic License Version 2.0.
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ in each Verilog block.
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2002-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    """Copyright 2002-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -27,12 +27,6 @@ fatal() {
  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0"): $1" >&2; exit 1;
 }

-if [ "$CI_M32" = "0" ]; then
-  unset CI_M32
-elif [ "$CI_M32" != "1" ]; then
-  fatal "\$CI_M32 must be '0' or '1'";
-fi
-
 if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
  MAKE=make
 elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
@@ -77,10 +71,6 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
    if [ "$COVERAGE" = 1 ]; then
      yes yes | sudo cpan -fi Parallel::Forker
    fi
-    if [ "$CI_M32" = 1 ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib ||
-      sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib
-    fi
  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
    brew update
    brew install ccache perl gperftools
@@ -114,10 +104,6 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
      sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
    fi
-    if [ "$CI_M32" = 1 ]; then
-      sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev gcc-multilib g++-multilib ||
-      sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev gcc-multilib g++-multilib
-    fi
  elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
    brew update
    # brew cask install gtkwave # fst2vcd hangs at launch, so don't bother
@@ -21,12 +21,6 @@ fatal() {
  echo "ERROR: $(basename "$0"): $1" >&2; exit 1;
 }

-if [ "$CI_M32" = "0" ]; then
-  unset CI_M32
-elif [ "$CI_M32" != "1" ]; then
-  fatal "\$CI_M32 must be '0' or '1'";
-fi
-
 if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
  export MAKE=make
  NPROC=$(nproc)
@@ -46,7 +40,7 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then

  if [ "$COVERAGE" != 1 ]; then
    autoconf
-    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn ${CI_M32:+--enable-m32}
+    ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
    ccache -z
    "$MAKE" -j "$NPROC" -k
    # 22.04: ccache -s -v
@@ -90,8 +84,8 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
    export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GPROF=1 # gprof is a bit different on FreeBSD, disable
  fi

-  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 20.04 only
-  [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-20.04' ] && [ "$CI_M32" = "" ] && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
+  # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
+  [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-22.04' ] && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''

  # Run the specified test
  ccache -z
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@

 FROM ubuntu:22.04

+# Create the user
+RUN groupadd verilator \
+    && useradd -g verilator -m verilator -s /bin/bash \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y sudo \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    && echo verilator ALL=\(root\) NOPASSWD:ALL > /etc/sudoers.d/verilator \
+    && chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/verilator
+
 RUN apt-get update \
    && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
       apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
@@ -33,7 +43,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
                        perl \
                        python3 \
                        wget \
-                        zlibc \
                        zlib1g \
                        zlib1g-dev \
    && apt-get clean \
@@ -52,6 +61,8 @@ COPY build.sh /tmp/build.sh

 ENV VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE=1

+USER verilator
+
 WORKDIR /work

 ENTRYPOINT [ "/tmp/build.sh" ]
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 Verilator Build Docker Container
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 Verilator Executable Docker Container
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
 #
-# Copyright 2020-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2020-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 # General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.018 2023-10-30],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.022 2024-02-24],
        [https://verilator.org],
        [verilator],[https://verilator.org])

@@ -67,20 +67,6 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([tcmalloc],
              [CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC=check;])
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC)

-# Flag to enable -m32 build
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to use -m32)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([m32],
-              [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-m32],
-                              [Use -m32 for all compilation and link,
-                               including Verilator and generated models.])],
-              [case "${enableval}" in
-                yes) CFG_ENABLE_M32=yes ;;
-                no)  CFG_ENABLE_M32=no ;;
-                *)   AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value '${enableval}' for --enable-m32]) ;;
-               esac],
-               CFG_ENABLE_M32=no)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_ENABLE_M32)
-
 # Flag to enable coverage build
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether to build for coverage collection)
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([coverage],
@@ -319,15 +305,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT],
    _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE($2, $1="$$1 $2")
   ])

-# When using -m32. Check this first as later checks may fail with the -m32 flag.
-if test "$CFG_ENABLE_M32" = "yes"; then
-  _MY_CXX_CHECK_IFELSE(
-    -m32,
-    [CXX="$CXX -m32"],
-    [AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-m32 was given but compiler does not support -m32])])
-fi
-
-# Similarly, add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
+# Add the coverage flags early as they influence later checks.
 if test "$CFG_ENABLE_COVERAGE" = "yes"; then
  _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CXX,--coverage)
  # Otherwise inline may not show as uncovered
@@ -354,7 +332,7 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE)
 # Macros work such that first option that passes is the one we take
 # Currently enable c++17/c++14 due to packaged SystemC dependency
 # c++17 is the newest that Verilator is regularly tested to support
-# c++11 is the oldest that Verilator supports
+# c++14 is the oldest that Verilator supports
 # gnu is required for Cygwin to compile verilated.h successfully
 #_MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=gnu++20)
 #_MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=c++20)
@@ -362,8 +340,6 @@ _MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=gnu++17)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=c++17)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=gnu++14)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=c++14)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=gnu++11)
-_MY_CXX_CHECK_SET(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST,-std=c++11)
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST)

 # Flags for compiling Verilator internals including parser, and Verilated files
@@ -448,11 +424,11 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
        [-Wno-c++11-narrowing],
        [-Wno-constant-logical-operand],
        [-Wno-non-pod-varargs],
-        [-Wno-overloaded-virtual],
        [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
        [-Wno-shadow],
        [-Wno-sign-compare],
        [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
+        [-Wno-tautological-compare],
        [-Wno-uninitialized],
        [-Wno-unused-but-set-parameter],
        [-Wno-unused-but-set-variable],
@@ -499,6 +475,7 @@ AC_SUBST(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
 # pthreads is harmless otherwise.
 CFG_LIBS="$LIBS $CFG_LIBS"
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lpthread)
+_MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -latomic)

 # Check libraries for MingW
 _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_OPT(CFG_LIBS, -lbcrypt)
@@ -521,14 +498,14 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
   fi])
 AC_SUBST(CFG_LIBS)

-# Need C++11 at least
-#Alternative: AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX([11])
+# Need C++14 at least
+#Alternative: AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX([14])
 AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
-   [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++11
+   [# _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER(flag) -- Check if compiler runs C++14
    # Set $_my_result
    AC_LINK_IFELSE(
     [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <thread>
-#if (__cplusplus < 201103L)
+#if (__cplusplus < 201402L)
 # error "Too old"
 #endif
    ], [[ ]])],
@@ -544,13 +521,13 @@ AC_DEFUN([_MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER],
 # Add $CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD only if can't compile correctly otherwise,
 # as adding std= when not needed can cause errors with the C++ std library.
 CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD=$CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD_NEWEST
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports C++11)
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports C++14)
 _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER()
 AC_MSG_RESULT($_my_result)
 if test "$_my_result" = "no" ; then
   CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS $CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD"
   CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE="$CFG_CXX_FLAGS_CMAKE $CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD"
-   AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports C++11 with $CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD)
+   AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether $CXX supports C++14 with $CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD)
   _MY_CXX_CHECK_CXX_VER()
   AC_MSG_RESULT($_my_result)
 else
@@ -560,9 +537,9 @@ else
 fi
 if test "$_my_result" = "no" ; then
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([[]])
-   AC_MSG_ERROR([[the $CXX compiler appears to not support C++11.
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([[the $CXX compiler appears to not support C++14.

-Verilator requires a C++11 or newer compiler.]])
+Verilator requires a C++14 or newer compiler.]])

 fi
 AC_SUBST(CFG_CXXFLAGS_STD)
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ under the Developer Certificate of Origin (https://developercertificate.org/).
 Please see the Verilator manual for 200+ additional contributors. Thanks to all.

 Adam Bagley
+Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
 Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
 Aleksander Kiryk
@@ -18,14 +19,17 @@ Andrew Nolte
 Anthony Donlon
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Aylon Chaim Porat
+Bartłomiej Chmiel
 Cameron Kirk
 Chih-Mao Chen
 Chris Randall
 Chuxuan Wang
+Chykon
 Conor McCullough
 Dan Petrisko
 Daniel Bates
 David Horton
+David Ledger
 David Metz
 David Stanford
 David Turner
@@ -72,18 +76,22 @@ James Shi
 Jamey Hicks
 Jamie Iles
 Jan Van Winkel
+Jiangjie Weng
 Jean Berniolles
 Jeremy Bennett
 Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
 Jiacheng Qian
 Jiamin Zhu
+Jinyan Xu
 Jiuyang Liu
 Joey Liu
 John Coiner
 John Demme
 John Wehle
 Jonathan Drolet
+Jonathan Schröter
+Jordan McConnon
 Jose Loyola
 Josep Sans
 Joseph Nwabueze
@@ -129,8 +137,10 @@ Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
 Oleh Maksymenko
 Patrick Stewart
+Paul Swirhun
 Paul Wright
 Pawel Sagan
+Pengcheng Xu
 Peter Debacker
 Peter Horvath
 Peter Monsson
@@ -141,6 +151,7 @@ Piotr Binkowski
 Qingyao Sun
 Quentin Corradi
 Rafal Kapuscik
+Rasfunk
 Raynard Qiao
 Richard Myers
 Risto Pejašinović
@@ -155,6 +166,7 @@ Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
 Stephen Henry
 Steven Hugg
+Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
 Tim Hutt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Verilator Documentation
+=======================
+
+This folder contains sources for Verilator documentation.
+
+For formatted documentation see:
+
+- `Verilator README <https://github.com/verilator/verilator>`_
+
+- `Verilator installation and package directory structure
+  <https://verilator.org/install>`_
+
+- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
+  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_
+
+- `Subscribe to Verilator announcements
+  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_
+
+- `Verilator forum <https://verilator.org/forum>`_
+
+- `Verilator issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
    description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
    epilog=
-    """ Copyright 2021-2023 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    """ Copyright 2021-2024 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
    description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
    epilog=
-    """ Copyright 2021-2023 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    """ Copyright 2021-2024 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ****************
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0301,E0402,W0622
 #
 # Configuration file for Verilator's Sphinx documentation builder.
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 # This file only contains overridden options. For a full list:
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def setup(app):
 # -- Project information

 project = 'Verilator'
-copyright = '2022 by Wilson Snyder, under LGPL-3.0 or Artistic-2.0'
+copyright = '2024 by Wilson Snyder, under LGPL-3.0 or Artistic-2.0'
 author = 'Wilson Snyder'

 # The master toctree document.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Connecting:
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ the user should call:
     any delayed events pending,
   * :code:`designp->nextTimeSlot()`, which returns the simulation time of the
     next delayed event. This method can only be called if
-     :code:`designp->nextTimeSlot()` returned :code:`true`.
+     :code:`designp->eventsPending()` returned :code:`true`.

 Call :code:`eventsPending()` to check if you should continue with the
 simulation, and then :code:`nextTimeSlot()` to move simulation time forward.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *******************************
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ************************
@@ -27,107 +27,137 @@ Alliance <https://chipsalliance.org>`_, `Antmicro Ltd
 <https://antmicro.com>`_ and `Shunyao CAD <https://shunyaocad.com>`_.

 Previous major corporate sponsors of Verilator, by providing significant
-contributions of time or funds include: Atmel Corporation, Cavium
-Inc., Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Embecosm Ltd.,
-Hicamp Systems, Intel Corporation, Mindspeed Technologies Inc., MicroTune
-Inc., picoChip Designs Ltd., Sun Microsystems Inc., Nauticus Networks Inc.,
-SiCortex Inc, and Shunyao CAD.
+contributions of time or funds include: Antmicro Ltd., Atmel Corporation,
+Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Embecosm Ltd., Hicamp
+Systems, Intel Corporation, Marvell Inc., Mindspeed Technologies Inc.,
+MicroTune Inc., picoChip Designs Ltd., Sun Microsystems Inc., Nauticus
+Networks Inc., SiCortex Inc, Shunyao CAD, and Western Digital Inc.

-The contributors of major functionality are: Krzysztof
-Bieganski, Byron Bradley, Jeremy Bennett, Lane Brooks, John Coiner, Duane
-Galbi, Geza Lore, Todd Strader, Stefan Wallentowitz, Paul Wasson, Jie Xu,
-and Wilson Snyder.  Major testers included Jeff Dutton, Jonathon Donaldson,
-Ralf Karge, David Hewson, Iztok Jeras, Wim Michiels, Alex Solomatnikov,
-Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe, Gene Weber, and Clifford Wolf.
+The contributors of major functionality are: Jeremy Bennett, Krzysztof
+Bieganski, Byron Bradley, Lane Brooks, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Geza Lore,
+Todd Strader, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Stefan Wallentowitz, Paul Wasson, Jie
+Xu, and Wilson Snyder.

 Some of the people who have provided ideas, and feedback for Verilator
 include:

-David Addison, Tariq B. Ahmad, Nikana Anastasiadis, Vasu Arasanipalai, Jens
-Arm, Sharad Bagri, Matthew Ballance, Andrew Bardsley, Matthew Barr, Geoff
-Barrett, Kaleb Barrett, Julius Baxter, Jeremy Bennett, Michael Berman, Jean
-Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Moinak Bhattacharyya, Krzysztof Bieganski,
-David Binderman, Piotr Binkowski, Johan Bjork, David Black, Tymoteusz
-Blazejczyk, Daniel Bone, Gregg Bouchard, Christopher Boumenot, Nick Bowler,
-Byron Bradley, Bryan Brady, Maarten De Braekeleer, Charlie Brej, J Briquet,
-Lane Brooks, John Brownlee, Jeff Bush, Lawrence Butcher, Tony Bybell, Iru
-Cai, Ted Campbell, Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Donal Casey, Alex
-Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei Chapyzhenka, Guokai Chen, Terry Chen,
-Yi-Chung Chen, Enzo Chi, Robert A. Clark, Ryan Clarke, Allan Cochrane, John
-Coiner, Keith Colbert, Gianfranco Costamagna, Sean Cross, George Cuan, Joe
-DErrico, Lukasz Dalek, Gunter Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Bernard Deadman,
-John Demme, Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip Derrick, John Dickol, Ruben
-Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan Djordjevic, Jonathon Donaldson, Larry
-Doolittle, Sebastian Dressler, Jonathan Drolet, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton,
-Tomas Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler,
-Ahmed El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne, Mats Engstrom, Robert Farrell, Eugen
-Fekete, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn,
-Andrea Foletto, Bob Fredieu, Duane Galbi, Mostafa Gamal, Benjamin Gartner,
-Christian Gelinek, Richard E George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb, Michael
-Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Shankar Giri, Dan Gisselquist, Petr Gladkikh, Sam
-Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Andrew Goessling, Amir Gonnen, Chitlesh
-Goorah, Tomasz Gorochowik, Kai Gossner, Sergi Granell, Al Grant, Nathan
-Graybeal, Alexander Grobman, Graham Rushton, Xuan Guo, Driss Hafdi, Neil
-Hamilton, James Hanlon, Oyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, Junji Hashimoto,
-Thomas Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Harald Heckmann, Robert Henry, Stephen
-Henry, David Hewson, Jamey Hicks, Joel Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Hiroki
-Honda, Alex Hornung, Pierre-Henri Horrein, David Horton, Peter Horvath, Jae
-Hossell, Kuoping Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Alan Hunter, James
-Hutchinson, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Jamie Iles, Vighnesh Iyer, Ben
-Jackson, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon James, Krzysztof Jankowski, HyungKi Jeong,
-Iztok Jeras, Alexandre Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Franck
-Jullien, James Jung, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, Guy-Armand
+David Addison, Tariq B. Ahmad, Nikana Anastasiadis, John David Anglin,
+Frederic Antonin, Hans Van Antwerpen, Vasu Arasanipalai, Jens Arm, Rohan
+Arshid, Gökçe Aydos, Adam Bagley, Sharad Bagri, Robert Balas, Marco
+Balboni, Matthew Ballance, Andrew Bardsley, Ilya Barkov, Matthew Barr,
+Geoff Barrett, Kaleb Barrett, Daniel Bates, Julius Baxter, Michael Berman,
+Jean Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Narayan Bhagavatula, Moinak
+Bhattacharyya, Kritik Bhimani, David Biancolin, David Binderman, Piotr
+Binkowski, Johan Björk, David Black, Tymoteusz Blazejczyk, Scott Bleiweiss,
+David van der Bokke, Daniel Bone, Guy Bonneau, Krzysztof Boroński, Gregg
+Bouchard, Christopher Boumenot, Nick Bowler, Bryan Brady, Maarten De
+Braekeleer, Charlie Brej, J Briquet, John Brownlee, KC Buckenmaier, Jeff
+Bush, Lawrence Butcher, Tony Bybell, Iru Cai, Ted Campbell, Anthony Campos,
+Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Gregory Carver, Donal Casey, Sebastien Van
+Cauwenberghe, Alex Chadwick, Greg Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei
+Chapyzhenka, Chih-Mao Chen, Guokai Chen, Terry Chen, Yi-Chung Chen, Yurii
+Cherkasov, Hennadii Chernyshchyk, Enzo Chi, Robert A. Clark, Ryan Clarke,
+Allan Cochrane, Keith Colbert, Quentin Corradi, Nassim Corteggiani,
+Gianfranco Costamagna, February Cozzocrea, Sean Cross, George Cuan, Michal
+Czyz, Joe DErrico, Jim Dai, Lukasz Dalek, Laurens van Dam, Gunter
+Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Julian Daube, Bernard Deadman, Peter Debacker,
+John Demme, Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip Derrick, Aadi Desai, John
+Dickol, Ruben Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan Djordjevic, Brad Dobbie,
+Paul Donahue, Jonathon Donaldson, Anthony Donlon, Caleb Donovick, Larry
+Doolittle, Leendert van Doorn, Sebastian Dressler, Jonathan Drolet, Maciej
+Dudek, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton, Tomas Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles
+Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler, Ahmed El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne,
+Mats Engstrom, Robert Farrell, Julien Faucher, Olivier Faure, Eugen Fekete,
+Fabrizio Ferrandi, Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn, Andrea
+Foletto, Alex Forencich, Aurelien Francillon, Bob Fredieu, Manuel
+Freiberger, Mostafa Gamal, Vito Gamberini, Mostafa Garnal, Benjamin
+Gartner, Christian Gelinek, Richard E George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb,
+Michael Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Nimrod Gileadi, Shankar Giri, Dan
+Gisselquist, Petr Gladkikh, Sam Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Embedded Go,
+Andrew Goessling, Amir Gonnen, Chitlesh Goorah, Tomasz Gorochowik, Kai
+Gossner, Tarik Graba, Sergi Granell, Al Grant, Nathan Graybeal, Alexander
+Grobman, Qian Gu, Xuan Guo, Prabhat Gupta, Driss Hafdi, Neil Hamilton,
+James Hanlon, Tang Haojin, Øyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, David Harris,
+Junji Hashimoto, Thomas Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Harald Heckmann, Robert
+Henry, Stephen Henry, Sebastian Hesselbarth, David Hewson, Jamey Hicks,
+Joel Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Peter Holmes, Hiroki Honda, Alex Hornung,
+Pierre-Henri Horrein, David Horton, Peter Horvath, Jae Hossell, Kuoping
+Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Huanghuang Zhou, Alan Hunter, James
+Hutchinson, Tim Hutt, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Shahid Ikram, Jamie
+Iles, Vighnesh Iyer, Ben Jackson, Daniel Jacques, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon
+James, Krzysztof Jankowski, Eyck Jentzsch, HyungKi Jeong, Iztok Jeras,
+Alexandre Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Justin Jones,
+William D. Jones, Larry Darryl Lee Jr., Franck Jullien, James Jung,
+Yoshitomo Kaneda, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, Guy-Armand
 Kamendje, Vasu Kandadi, Kanad Kanhere, Patricio Kaplan, Pieter Kapsenberg,
 Rafal Kapuscik, Ralf Karge, Per Karlsson, Dan Katz, Sol Katzman, Ian
-Kennedy, Michael Killough, Sun Kim, Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof Kindgren, Kevin
-Kiningham, Dan Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk, Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack
-Koenig, Soon Koh, Nathan Kohagen, Steve Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will
-Korteland, Wojciech Koszek, Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus
-Krause, David Kravitz, Roland Kruse, Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok,
-Charles Eric LaForest, Ed Lander, Steve Lang, Stephane Laurent, Walter
-Lavino, Christian Leber, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee, Michaël Lefebvre, Igor Lesik,
-John Li, Eivind Liland, Yu Sheng Lin, Charlie Lind, Andrew Ling, Jiuyang
-Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake Longo, Geza Lore, Arthur Low, Stefan
-Ludwig, Dan Lussier, Fred Ma, Duraid Madina, Affe Mao, Julien Margetts,
+Kennedy, Ami Keren, Michael Killough, Sun Kim, Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof
+Kindgren, Kevin Kiningham, Cameron Kirk, Dan Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk,
+Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack Koenig, Soon Koh, Nathan Kohagen, Steve
+Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will Korteland, Andrei Kostovski, Wojciech Koszek,
+Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus Krause, David Kravitz, Adam
+Krolnik, Roland Kruse, Mahesh Kumashikar, Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok,
+Charles Eric LaForest, Kevin Laeufer, Ed Lander, Steve Lang, Pierre
+Laroche, Stephane Laurent, Walter Lavino, Christian Leber, David Ledger,
+Alex Lee, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee, Michaël Lefebvre, Dag Lem, Igor Lesik, John
+Li, Kay Li, Zixi Li, Davide Libenzi, Nandor Licker, Eivind Liland, Ícaro
+Lima, Kevin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Charlie Lind, Andrew Ling, Jiuyang Liu, Joey
+Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake Longo, Arthur Low, Jose Loyola, Stefan
+Ludwig, Dan Lussier, Konstantin Lübeck, Fred Ma, Liwei Ma, Duraid Madina,
+Oleh Maksymenko, Affe Mao, Julien Margetts, Chick Markley, Alexis Marquet,
 Mark Marshall, Alfonso Martinez, Unai Martinez-Corral, Adrien Le Masle,
-Yves Mathieu, Patrick Maupin, Conor McCullough, Jason McMullan, Elliot
-Mednick, David Metz, Wim Michiels, Miodrag Milanovic, Kevin Millis, Wai Sum
-Mong, Peter Monsson, Sean Moore, Dennis Muhlestein, John Murphy, Matt
-Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard Myers, Dimitris Nalbantis, Peter Nelson, Bob
-Newgard, Rachit Nigam, Paul Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack,
-Mark Nodine, Kuba Ober, Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz, Aleksander Osman,
-Don Owen, James Pallister, Vassilis Papaefstathiou, Brad Parker, Morten
-Borup Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody
-Piersall, Michael Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, David Poole, Mike Popoloski,
-Roman Popov, Rich Porter, Stefan Post, Niranjan Prabhu, Damien Pretet, Usha
-Priyadharshini, Mark Jackson Pulver, Prateek Puri, Marshal Qiao, Nandu Raj,
-Kamil Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh
-Redford, Odd Magne Reitan, Frederic Requin, Dustin Richmond, Samuel Riedel,
-Alberto Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Oleg Rodionov, Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe,
-Arjen Roodselaar, Tobias Rosenkranz, Ryszard Rozak, Huang Rui, Graham
-Rushton, Jan Egil Ruud, Denis Rystsov, John Sanguinetti, Martin Schmidt,
-Julie Schwartz, Galen Seitz, Joseph Shaker, Salman Sheikh, Hao Shi, Mike
-Shinkarovsky, Rafael Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, Fan Shupei, Anderson Ignacio
-da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh, Steven Slatter, Mladen
-Slijepcevic, Brian Small, Garrett Smith, Tim Snyder, Wilson Snyder, Maciej
+Yves Mathieu, Vladimir Matveyenko, Patrick Maupin, Stan Mayer, Conor
+McCullough, Jason McMullan, Elliot Mednick, Yuan Mei, Andy Meier,
+Rodrigo A. Melo, Benjamin Menküc, Jake Merdich, David Metz, Wim Michiels,
+Miodrag Milanović, Darryl Miles, Kevin Millis, Andrew Miloradovsky, Wai Sum
+Mong, Peter Monsson, Sean Moore, Stuart Morris, Dennis Muhlestein, John
+Murphy, Matt Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard Myers, Alex Mykyta, Dimitris
+Nalbantis, Peter Nelson, Felix Neumärker, Bob Newgard, Cong Van Nguyen,
+Rachit Nigam, Toru Niina, Paul Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack,
+Mark Nodine, Michael Nolan, Andrew Nolte, Joseph Nwabueze, Kuba Ober,
+Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz, Aleksander Osman, Don Owen, Tim Paine,
+Deepa Palaniappan, James Pallister, Vassilis Papaefstathiou, Sanggyu Park,
+Brad Parker, Risto Pejašinović, Morten Borup Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Wesley
+Piard, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody Piersall, T. Platz, Michael
+Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, David Poole, Michael Popoloski, Roman Popov,
+Aylon Chaim Porat, Oron Port, Rich Porter, Rick Porter, Stefan Post,
+Niranjan Prabhu, Damien Pretet, Harald Pretl, Bill Pringlemeir, Usha
+Priyadharshini, Mark Jackson Pulver, Prateek Puri, Jiacheng Qian, Marshal
+Qiao, Raynard Qiao, Yujia Qiao, Jasen Qin, Frank Qiu, Nandu Raj, Kamil
+Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh Redford,
+Odd Magne Reitan, Frédéric Requin, Dustin Richmond, Samuel Riedel, Alberto
+Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Oleg Rodionov, Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe, Michail
+Rontionov, Arjen Roodselaar, Tobias Rosenkranz, Yernagula Roshit, Ryszard
+Rozak, Huang Rui, Graham Rushton, Jan Egil Ruud, Denis Rystsov, Pawel
+Sagan, Robert Sammelson, John Sanguinetti, Josep Sans, Luca Sasselli,
+Martin Scharrer, Martin Schmidt, Julie Schwartz, Galen Seitz, Joseph
+Shaker, Mark Shaw, Salman Sheikh, Zhou Shen, Hao Shi, James Shi, Michael
+Shinkarovsky, Rafael Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, S Shuba, Fan Shupei, Ethan
+Sifferman, Anderson Ignacio da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh,
+Sanjay Singh, Frans Skarman, Nate Slager, Steven Slatter, Mladen
+Slijepcevic, Brian Small, Garrett Smith, Gus Smith, Tim Snyder, Maciej
 Sobkowski, Stan Sokorac, Alex Solomatnikov, Flavien Solt, Wei Song, Trefor
 Southwell, Martin Stadler, Art Stamness, David Stanford, John Stevenson,
-Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart, Rob Stoddard, Todd Strader, John Stroebel,
-Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Emerson Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan, Qingyao Sun,
-Renga Sundararajan, Gustav Svensk, Rupert Swarbrick, Yutetsu Takatsukasa,
-Thierry Tambe, Drew Taussig, Jose Tejada, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley
-Terpstra, Rui Terra, Stefan Thiede, Gary Thomas, Ian Thompson, Kevin
-Thompson, Mike Thyer, Hans Tichelaar, Viktor Tomov, Steve Tong, Topa
-Topino, Alex Torregrosa, Michael Tresidder, David Turner, Neil Turton, Mike
-Urbach, Hans Van Antwerpen, Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe, Laurens van Dam,
-Leendert van Doorn, Cong Van Nguyen, Jan Van Winkel, Srini Vemuri, Yuri
-Victorovich, Bogdan Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Philipp Wagner, Stefan
-Wallentowitz, Shawn Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Paul Wasson, Greg Waters, Thomas
-Watts, Eugene Weber, David Welch, Thomas J Whatson, Martin Whitaker, Marco
-Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel Wilkerson, Gerald Williams, Trevor Williams,
-Jeff Winston, Joshua Wise, Clifford Wolf, Tobias Wolfel, Johan Wouters,
-Paul Wright, Junyi Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Jie Xu, Mandy Xu, Yinan Xu, Luke
-Yang, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Keyi Zhang, and Xi Zhang.
+Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart, Rob Stoddard, Tood Strader, John Stroebel,
+Ray Strouble, Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Emerson Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan,
+Qingyao Sun, Renga Sundararajan, Kuba Sunderland-Ober, Gustav Svensk,
+Rupert Swarbrick, Jevin Sweval, Shinya T-Y, Thierry Tambe, Jesse Taube,
+Drew Taussig, Jose Tejada, Sören Tempel, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley Terpstra,
+Rui Terra, Stefan Thiede, Justin Thiel, Gary Thomas, Ian Thompson, Kevin
+Thompson, Mike Thyer, Hans Tichelaar, Tudor Timi, Viktor Tomov, Steve Tong,
+Topa Topino, Àlex Torregrosa, Topa Tota, Michael Tresidder, Lenny Truong,
+David Turner, Neil Turton, Hideto Ueno, Mike Urbach, Joel Vandergriendt,
+Srini Vemuri, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, Yuri Victorovich, Ivan Vnučec,
+Bogdan Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Philipp Wagner, Johannes Walter, CY
+Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Shawn Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Greg Waters, Thomas Watts,
+Eugene Weber, John Wehle, Tianrui Wei, David Welch, Thomas J Whatson,
+Martin Whitaker, Marco Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel S. Wilkerson, Daniel
+Wilkerson, Gerald Williams, Trevor Williams, Don Williamson, Jan Van
+Winkel, Jeff Winston, Joshua Wise, Clifford Wolf, Johan Wouters, Paul
+Wright, Tobias Wölfel, Junyi Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Liu Xiaoyi, Mandy Xu,
+Shanshan Xu, Yinan Xu, SU YANG, Felix Yan, Luke Yang, Amir Yazdanbakhsh,
+Chentai (Seven) Yuan, Florian Zaruba, Mat Zeno, Keyi Zhang, Xi Zhang, Yike
+Zhou, Jiamin Zhu.

 Thanks to them, and all those we've missed mentioning above, and to those
 whom have wished to remain anonymous.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *********
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Copyright
 The latest version of Verilator is available from `https://verilator.org
 <https://verilator.org>`_.

-Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 Deprecations
@@ -6,34 +6,14 @@ Deprecations

 The following deprecated items are scheduled for future removal:

-C++11 compiler support
+C++14 compiler support
  Verilator currently requires a C++20 or newer compiler for timing, and a
-  C++11 or newer compiler for no-timing.
-
-  Verilator will require C++14 or newer compilers for both compiling
-  Verilator and compiling Verilated models with --no-timing no sooner than
-  January 2023.
+  C++14 or newer compiler for both compiling Verilator and compiling
+  Verilated models with --no-timing.

  Verilator will require C++20 or newer compilers for both compiling
  Verilator and compiling all Verilated models no sooner than January 2025.

-32-bit compiler support
-  Verilator currently regresses both 64-bit and 32-bit pointer modes (GCC's
-  `-m64` and `-m32`).  Support for 32-bit `-m32` mode will be deprecated no
-  sooner than January 2024.
-
-Option `-O<letter>`
-  The debug `-O<letter>` options have been replaced with
-  `-fno-<optimization>` debug options to match GCC. The old options are
-  planned for removal no sooner than June 2023.
-
-Option `--prof-threads`
-  The `--prof-threads` option has been superseded by the `--prof-exec` and
-  `--prof-pgo` options and is planned for removal no sooner than April 2023.
-
-Verilated model options `+verilator+prof+threads+*`
-  The `+verilator+prof+threads+start`, `+verilator+prof+threads+window` and
-  `+verilator+prof+threads+file` options have been superseded by the
-  `+verilator+prof+exec+start`, `+verilator+prof+exec+window` and
-  `+verilator+prof+exec+file` options respectively and are planned for removal
-  no sooner than April 2023.
+XML output
+  Verilator currently supports XML parser output (enabled with `--xml-only`).
+  Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no sooner than January 2025.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 Environment
@@ -7,21 +7,6 @@ Environment
 This section describes the environment variables used by Verilator and
 associated programs.

-.. option:: AR
-
-   Optionally overrides the default :command:`ar` (archive) binary used by
-   the Verilated makefiles. If AR is not set, the version found at
-   configure time is used.
-
-.. option:: CXX
-
-   Optionally overrides the default compiler binary used by the Verilated
-   makefiles. If CXX is not set, the version found at configure time is
-   used.  Note the default flags passed to the compiler are determined at
-   configuration time, so changing the CXX compiler version using this
-   variable, as opposed to passing it at configuration time, may not give
-   desired results.
-
 .. option:: LD_LIBRARY_PATH

   A generic Linux/OS variable specifying what directories have shared
@@ -44,18 +29,12 @@ associated programs.
 .. option:: OBJCACHE

   Optionally specifies a caching or distribution program to place in front
-   of all runs of the C++ compiler.  For example, "ccache".  If using
+   of all runs of the C++ compiler.  For example, "ccache" or "sccache".  If using
   :command:`distcc` or :command:`icecc`/:command:`icecream`, they would
   generally be run under :command:`ccache`; see the documentation for
   those programs.  If OBJCACHE is not set, and at configure time ccache
   was present, ccache will be used as a default.

-.. option:: PYTHON3
-
-   Optionally overrides the default :command:`python3` binary used by the
-   Verilated makefiles. If PYTHON3 is not set, the version found at
-   configure time is used.
-
 .. option:: SYSTEMC

   Deprecated.  Used only if :option:`SYSTEMC_INCLUDE` or
@@ -138,3 +117,51 @@ associated programs.
   ``VERILATOR_ROOT`` to point to the new version.

   See :ref:`Installation` for more details.
+
+.. option:: VERILATOR_VALGRIND
+
+   If set, the command to run when using the :vlopt:`--valgrind` option, such as
+   "valgrind --tool=callgrind".  If not specified, it will use "valgrind".
+
+
+Make Variables
+==============
+
+This section describes the make variables used by Verilator. These may be
+set by passing them to make e.g. ``make CXX=my-gcc ...``.
+
+.. option:: AR
+
+   Optionally overrides the default :command:`ar` (archive) binary used by
+   the Verilated makefiles. If AR is not set, the version found at
+   configure time is used.
+
+.. option:: CXX
+
+   Optionally overrides the default compiler binary used by the Verilated
+   makefiles. If CXX is not set, the version found at configure time is
+   used.  Note the default flags passed to the compiler are determined at
+   configuration time, so changing the CXX compiler version using this
+   variable, as opposed to passing it at configuration time, may not give
+   desired results.
+
+.. option:: LINK
+
+   Optionally overrides the default linker binary used by the Verilated
+   makefiles. If LINK is not set, the version found at configure time is
+   used.  Note the default flags passed to the linker are determined at
+   configuration time, so changing the LINK version using this variable, as
+   opposed to passing it at configuration time, may not give desired
+   results.
+
+.. option:: PERL
+
+   Optionally overrides the default :command:`perl` binary used by the
+   Verilated makefiles. If PERL is not set, the version found at configure
+   time, and compiled into the Verilator binary, is used.
+
+.. option:: PYTHON3
+
+   Optionally overrides the default :command:`python3` binary used by the
+   Verilated makefiles. If PYTHON3 is not set, the version found at
+   configure time is used.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Example Create-Binary Execution:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Example C++ Execution:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 First you need Verilator installed, see :ref:`Installation`.  In brief, if
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Examples in the Distribution:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Example SystemC Execution:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Examples:
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Examples

 This section covers the following examples:

+* :ref:`Example Create-Binary Execution`
 * :ref:`Example C++ Execution`
 * :ref:`Example SystemC Execution`
 * :ref:`Examples in the Distribution`
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Simulation Runtime Arguments:
@@ -19,11 +19,20 @@ Summary:
   .. include:: ../_build/gen/args_verilated.rst


+.. option:: +verilator+coverage+file+<filename>
+
+   When a model was Verilated using :vlopt:`--coverage`, sets the filename
+   to write coverage data into.  Defaults to :file:`coverage.dat`.
+
 .. option:: +verilator+debug

   Enable simulation runtime debugging.  Equivalent to
   :vlopt:`+verilator+debugi+4 <+verilator+debugi+\<value\>>`.

+   To be useful, the model typically must first be compiled with debug
+   capabilities by Verilating with :vlopt:`--runtime-debug` or `-CFLAGS
+   -DVL_DEBUG=1`.
+
 .. option:: +verilator+debugi+<value>

   Enable simulation runtime debugging at the provided level.
@@ -64,15 +73,18 @@ Summary:

 .. option:: +verilator+prof+threads+file+<filename>

-   Deprecated. Alias for :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+file+\<filename\>`
+   Removed in 5.020. Was an alias for
+   :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+file+\<filename\>`

 .. option:: +verilator+prof+threads+start+<value>

-   Deprecated. Alias for :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+start+\<value\>`
+   Removed in 5.020. Was an alias for
+   :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+start+\<value\>`

 .. option:: +verilator+prof+threads+window+<value>

-   Deprecated. Alias for :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+window+\<value\>`
+   Removed in 5.020. Was an alias for
+   :vlopt:`+verilator+prof+exec+window+\<value\>`

 .. option:: +verilator+prof+vlt+file+<filename>

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 verilator Arguments
@@ -85,7 +85,11 @@ Summary:

 .. option:: --assert

-   Enable all assertions.
+   Enable all assertions. Implies :vlopt:`--assert-case`.
+
+.. option:: --assert-case
+
+   Enable unique/unique0/priority case related checks.

 .. option:: --autoflush

@@ -304,12 +308,40 @@ Summary:
   detailed messages.  See :vlopt:`--debug` for other implications of
   enabling debug.

+.. option:: --decorations none
+
+.. option:: --decorations medium
+
+.. option:: --decorations node
+
+   When creating output Verilated code, set level of comment and whitespace
+   decoration.
+
+   With "--decorations none",
+     Minimize comments, white space, symbol names, and other decorative
+     items, at the cost of reduced readability. This may assist C++ compile
+     times. This will not typically change the ultimate model's
+     performance, but may in some cases.  See also :vlopt:`--no-decoration`
+     option.
+
+   With "--decorations medium",
+     The default, put a small amount of comments and white space, for
+     typical level of readability.
+
+   With "--decorations node",
+     Include comments indicating what caused generation of the following
+     text, including what node pointer (corresponding to
+     :vlopt:`--dump-tree` .tree printed data), and the source Verilog
+     filename and line number.  If subsequent following statements etc have
+     the same filename/line number these comments are omitted.  This
+     enables easy debug when looking at the C++ code to determine what
+     Verilog source may be related.  As node pointers are not stable
+     between different Verilator runs, this may harm compile caching and
+     should only be used for debug.
+
 .. option:: --no-decoration

-   When creating output Verilated code, minimize comments, white space,
-   symbol names, and other decorative items, at the cost of reduced
-   readability. This may assist C++ compile times. This will not typically
-   change the ultimate model's performance, but may in some cases.
+   Alias for ``--decorations none``.

 .. option:: --default-language <value>

@@ -1036,7 +1068,7 @@ Summary:

 .. option:: --prof-threads

-   Deprecated. Same as --prof-exec and --prof-pgo together.
+   Removed in 5.020. Was an alias for --prof-exec and --prof-pgo together.

 .. option:: --protect-ids

@@ -1183,6 +1215,40 @@ Summary:
   Run Verilator and record with the :command:`rr` command.  See
   `https://rr-project.org <https://rr-project.org>`_.

+.. option:: --runtime-debug
+
+   Enable including debug assertions in the generated model. This may
+   significantly decrease model performance. This option will only work
+   with gcc/clang.
+
+   This option has the same effect as the following flags:
+
+   :vlopt:`--decorations node <--decorations>`
+     Instructs Verilator to add comments to the Verilated C++ code to
+     assist determining what Verilog code was responsible for each C++
+     statement.
+
+   ``-CFLAGS -ggdb  -LDFLAGS -ggdb``
+     Instructs the compiler and linker to enable debugger symbols.
+
+   ``-CFLAGS -fsanitize=address,undefined  -LDFLAGS -fsanitize=address,undefined``
+     Instructs the compiler and linker to enable the address sanitizer, and
+     undefined behavior sanitizer.
+
+   ``-CFLAGS -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG``
+     Instructs the compiler to enable C++ library (glibc) internal
+     assertions to find library-misuse issues.
+
+   ``-CFLAGS -DVL_DEBUG=1``
+     Instructs the compiler to enable Verilator's runtime assertions and
+     debug capabilities.  To enable debug print messages at runtime, see
+     :vlopt:`+verilator+debug`.
+
+   The :vlopt:`-CFLAGS` and/or :vlopt:`-LDFLAGS` options used here pass the
+   following argument into the generated Makefile for use as compiler or
+   linker options respectively.  If you are using your own Makefiles, adapt
+   appropriately to pass the suggested flags to the compiler and linker.
+
 .. option:: --savable

   Enable including save and restore functions in the generated model.  See
@@ -1205,6 +1271,8 @@ Summary:

   Creates a dump file with statistics on the design in
   :file:`<prefix>__stats.txt`.
+   Also dumps DFG patterns to
+   :file:`<prefix>__stats_dfg_patterns__*.txt`.

 .. option:: --stats-vars

@@ -1216,6 +1284,10 @@ Summary:

   Prevents parsing standard library.

+.. option:: --no-stop-fail
+
+   Don't call $stop when assertion fails. Simulation will continue.
+
 .. option:: --structs-packed

   Converts all unpacked structures to packed structures, and issues an
@@ -1363,13 +1435,13 @@ Summary:
   Enable FST waveform tracing in the model. This overrides
   :vlopt:`--trace`.  See also :vlopt:`--trace-threads` option.

-.. option:: --trace-max-array *depth*
+.. option:: --trace-max-array <depth>

   Rarely needed.  Specify the maximum array depth of a signal that may be
   traced.  Defaults to 32, as tracing large arrays may greatly slow traced
   simulations.

-.. option:: --trace-max-width *width*
+.. option:: --trace-max-width <width>

   Rarely needed.  Specify the maximum bit width of a signal that may be
   traced.  Defaults to 256, as tracing large vectors may greatly slow
@@ -1386,7 +1458,7 @@ Summary:
   format constraints, this may result in significantly slower trace times
   and larger trace files.

-.. option:: --trace-threads *threads*
+.. option:: --trace-threads <threads>

   Enable waveform tracing using separate threads. This is typically faster
   in simulation runtime but uses more total compute. This option only
@@ -1424,15 +1496,19 @@ Summary:

 .. option:: --unroll-count <loops>

-   Rarely needed.  Specifies the maximum number of loop iterations that may be
-   unrolled.  See also :option:`BLKLOOPINIT` warning.
+   Rarely needed.  Specifies the maximum number of loop iterations that may
+   be unrolled.  See also :option:`BLKLOOPINIT` warning, and
+   :option:`/*verilator&32;unroll_disable*/` and
+   :option:`/*verilator&32;unroll_full*/` metacomments.

-.. option:: --unroll-stmts *statements*
+.. option:: --unroll-stmts <statements>

   Rarely needed.  Specifies the maximum number of statements in a loop for
-   that loop to be unrolled. See also :option:`BLKLOOPINIT` warning.
+   that loop to be unrolled.  See also :option:`BLKLOOPINIT` warning, and
+   :option:`/*verilator&32;unroll_disable*/` and
+   :option:`/*verilator&32;unroll_full*/` metacomments.

-.. option:: --unused-regexp *regexp*
+.. option:: --unused-regexp <regexp>

   Rarely needed.  Specifies a simple regexp with \* and ? that, if a signal
   name matches, will suppress the :option:`UNUSED` warning.  Defaults to
@@ -1444,12 +1520,17 @@ Summary:
   into Verilator.  (Similar to :command:`perl -V`.)  See also
   :vlopt:`--getenv` option.

-.. option:: -v *filename*
+.. option:: -v <filename>

   Read the filename as a Verilog library.  Any modules in the file may be
   used to resolve instances in the top-level module, otherwise, they are
   ignored.  Note "-v" is relatively standard across Verilog tools.

+.. option:: --valgrind
+
+   Run Verilator under `Valgrind <https://valgrind.org/>`_.  The command may be
+   changed with :option:`VERILATOR_VALGRIND`.
+
 .. option:: --no-verilate

   When using :vlopt:`--build`, disable the generation of C++/SystemC code, and
@@ -1481,7 +1562,7 @@ Summary:

   Enable the use of VPI and linking against the :file:`verilated_vpi.cpp` files.

-.. option:: --waiver-output *filename*
+.. option:: --waiver-output <filename>

   Generate a waiver file that contains all waiver statements to suppress
   the warnings emitted during this Verilator run. This, in particular, is
@@ -1695,19 +1776,57 @@ Summary:
      iterations. This may be another indication of problems with the
      modeled design that should be addressed.

+.. option:: --json-only
+
+   Create JSON output only, do not create any other output.
+
+   The JSON format is intended to be used to leverage Verilator's parser and
+   elaboration to feed to other downstream tools. For details on the format, see
+   the Verilator Internals manual. Be aware that the JSON
+   format is still evolving; there will be some changes in future versions.
+
+   This option disables some more aggressive transformations and dumps only
+   the final state of the AST.
+
+.. option:: --json-only-meta-output <filename>
+
+   Specifies the filename for the metadata output file (`.tree.meta.json`) of --json-only.
+   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
+.. option:: --json-only-output <filename>
+
+   Specifies the filename for the main output file (`.tree.json`) of --json-only.
+   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
+.. option:: --no-json-edit-nums
+
+   Don't dump edit number in .tree.json files.  This may make the file more
+   run-to-run stable for easier comparison.
+
+.. option:: --no-json-ids
+
+   Don't use short identifiers instead of addresses/paths in .tree.json.
+
 .. option:: --xml-only

   Create XML output only, do not create any other output.

   The XML format is intended to be used to leverage Verilator's parser and
-   elaboration to feed to other downstream tools. Be aware that the XML
-   format is still evolving; there will be some changes in future versions.
+   elaboration to feed to other downstream tools.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      This feature is deprecated in favor of :vlopt:`--json-only`.

 .. option:: --xml-output <filename>

   Specifies the filename for the XML output file. Using this option
   automatically sets :vlopt:`--xml-only`.

+   .. note::
+
+      This feature is deprecated in favor of :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
 .. option:: -y <dir>

   Add the directory to the list of directories that should be searched to find
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 verilator_coverage
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 verilator_gantt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 verilator_profcfunc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *********************************
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *******************
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.

 .. option:: `error [string]

-   This will report an error when encountered, like C++'s #error.
+   This will report an error when the preprocessor emits it, similar to
+   C++'s #error.

 .. option:: `line

@@ -593,6 +594,23 @@ or "`ifdef`"'s may break other tools.
   Re-enable waveform tracing for all future signals or instances that are
   declared.

+.. option:: /*verilator&32;unroll_disable*/
+
+   Used in a statement position to indicate the immediately following loop
+   at the same statement level should not be unrolled by Verilator,
+   ignoring :vlopt:`--unroll-count`.  This is similar to clang's ``#pragma
+   clang loop unroll(disable)``.
+
+   This option does not currently disable the C++ compiler's unrolling (or
+   not) of any loops that make it through to the Verilated C++ code.
+
+.. option:: /*verilator&32;unroll_full*/
+
+   Rarely needed. Used in a statement position to indicate the immediately
+   following loop at the same statement level should always be fully
+   unrolled by Verilator, ignoring :vlopt:`--unroll-count`.  This is
+   similar to clang's ``#pragma clang loop unroll(full)``.
+
 .. option:: $stacktrace

   Called as a task, print a stack trace.  Called as a function, return a
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ******************************
@@ -220,24 +220,20 @@ This is done for you if you are using the Verilator :vlopt:`--binary` or
 You can call :code:`->trace()` on multiple Verilated objects with the same
 trace file if you want all data to land in the same output file.

-When using SystemC 2.3, the SystemC library must have been built with the
-experimental simulation phase callback-based tracing disabled. This is
-disabled by default when building SystemC with its configure based build
-system, but when building SystemC with CMake, you must pass
-``-DENABLE_PHASE_CALLBACKS_TRACING=OFF`` to disable this feature.
-

 How do I generate FST waveforms (traces) in C++ or SystemC?
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

 FST is a trace file format developed by GTKWave.  Verilator provides basic
 FST support.  To dump traces in FST format, add the :vlopt:`--trace-fst`
-option to Verilator and either A. use :code:`$dumpfile & $dumpvars` in
-Verilog as described in the VCD example above,
+option to Verilator and either:
+
+Use :code:`$dumpfile & $dumpvars` in Verilog as described in the VCD
+example above,

 Or, in C++ change the include described in the VCD example above:

-.. code-block:: C++
+  .. code-block:: C++

      #include "verilated_fst_c.h"
      VerilatedFstC* tfp = new VerilatedFstC;
@@ -245,14 +241,14 @@ Or, in C++ change the include described in the VCD example above:

 Or, in SystemC, change the include described in the VCD example above:

-.. code-block:: C++
+  .. code-block:: C++

      #include "verilated_fst_sc.h"
      VerilatedFstC* tfp = new VerilatedFstSc;


-Currently, supporting FST and VCD in a single simulation is impossible, but
-such requirement should be rare.  You can however ifdef around the trace
+Currently, supporting FST and VCD in a single simulation is not supported,
+but such usage should be unlikely.  You can however ifdef around the trace
 format in your C++ main loop, and select VCD or FST at compile time.


@@ -401,7 +397,7 @@ How do I get faster build times?
 * Use a recent compiler.  Newer compilers tend to be faster.

 * Compile in parallel on many machines and use caching; see the web for the
-  ccache, distcc, and icecream packages. ccache will skip GCC runs between
+  ccache, sccache, distcc, or icecream packages. ccache will skip GCC runs between
  identical source builds, even across different users.  If ccache was
  installed when Verilator was built, it is used, or see OBJCACHE
  environment variable to override this. Also see the
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *****
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ For --cc/--sc, it creates:
     - Make include file with class names (from --make gmake)
   * - *{prefix}*\ _hier.mk
     - Make file for hierarchy blocks (from --make gmake)
-   * - *{prefix}*\ _hierMkArgs.f
+   * - *{prefix}*\ __hierMkArgs.f
     - Arguments for hierarchical Verilation (from --make gmake)
-   * - *{prefix}*\ _hierCMakeArgs.f
+   * - *{prefix}*\ __hierCMakeArgs.f
     - Arguments for hierarchical Verilation (from --make cmake)
   * - *{prefix}*\ .h
     - Model header
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ In specific debug and other modes, it also creates:

   * - *{prefix}*\ .xml
     - XML tree information (from --xml)
+   * - *{prefix}*\ .tree.json
+     - JSON tree information (from --json-only)
+   * - *{prefix}*\ .tree.meta.json
+     - JSON tree metadata (from --json-only)
   * - *{prefix}*\ __cdc.txt
     - Clock Domain Crossing checks (from --cdc)
   * - *{prefix}*\ __stats.txt
@@ -145,6 +149,10 @@ After running Make, the C++ compiler may produce the following:
     - Intermediate objects
   * - *{prefix}*\
     - Final executable (from --exe)
+   * - lib\ *{prefix}*\ .a
+     - Final archive (default lib mode)
+   * - libverilated.a
+     - Runtime for verilated model (default lib mode)
   * - *{prefix}*\ __ALL.a
     - Library of all Verilated objects
   * - *{prefix}*\ __ALL.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ######################
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _CMakeInstallation:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Installation:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ***************
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 ********
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ resulting model's C++ or SystemC code is output as .cpp and .h files. This
 is referred to as "Verilating", and the process is "to Verilate"; the
 output is a "Verilated" model.

-2. For simulation, a small-user written C++ wrapper file is required, the
+2. For simulation, a small user-written C++ wrapper file is required, the
 "wrapper".  This wrapper defines the C++ standard function "main()", which
 instantiates the Verilated model as a C++/SystemC object.

 3. The user C++ wrapper, the files created by Verilator, a "runtime
-library" provided by Verilator, and, if applicable SystemC libraries are
+library" provided by Verilator, and, if applicable, SystemC libraries are
 then compiled using a C++ compiler to create a simulation executable.

 4. The resulting executable will perform the actual simulation during
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 .. _Simulating:
@@ -230,14 +230,20 @@ Coverage Collection
 When any coverage flag is used to Verilate, Verilator will add appropriate
 coverage point insertions into the model and collect the coverage data.

-To get the coverage data from the model, in the user wrapper code,
-typically at the end once a test passes, call
-:code:`Verilated::threadContextp()->coveragep()->write` with an argument of the filename for
-the coverage data file to write coverage data to (typically
-"logs/coverage.dat").
+To get the coverage data from the model, write the coverage with either:
+
+1. Using :vlopt:`--binary` or :vlopt:`--main`, and Verilator will dump
+   coverage when the test completes to the filename specified with
+   :vlopt:`+verilator+coverage+file+\<filename\>`.
+
+2. In the user wrapper code, typically at the end once a test passes, call
+   :code:`Verilated::threadContextp()->coveragep()->write` with an argument
+   of the filename for the coverage data file to write coverage data to
+   (typically "logs/coverage.dat").

 Run each of your tests in different directories, potentially in parallel.
-Each test will create a :file:`logs/coverage.dat` file.
+Each test will create the file specified above,
+e.g. :file:`logs/coverage.dat`.

 After running all of the tests, execute the :command:`verilator_coverage`
 command, passing arguments pointing to the filenames of all the
@@ -273,13 +279,17 @@ profiled C++ code functions.

 To use profiling:

-#. Use Verilator's :vlopt:`--prof-cfuncs`.
+#. Make sure the Verilog code will call `$finish` at the end of simulation
+   (otherwise the C library may not correctly create the `gmon.out` file in
+   the later steps below).
+#. Run Verilator, adding the :vlopt:`--prof-cfuncs` option.
 #. Build and run the simulation model.
-#. The model will create gmon.out.
-#. Run :command:`gprof` to see where in the C++ code the time is spent.
-#. Run the gprof output through the :command:`verilator_profcfunc` program,
-   and it will tell you what Verilog line numbers on which most of the time
-   is being spent.
+#. The model will create `gmon.out`.
+#. Run :command:`gprof gmon.out > gprof.log` to see where in the C++ code
+   the time is spent.
+#. Run :command:`verilator_profcfunc gprof.log > profcfunc.log` to take the
+   gprof output and translate into output showing the Verilog line numbers
+   on which most of the time is being spent.


 .. _Execution Profiling:
@@ -505,13 +515,30 @@ documentation.
 Runtime Debugging
 =================

-To debug a Verilated executable, use the standard GNU debugger ``gdb`` or a
-similar tool. Typically you will want to have debugger symbols inserted by
-the compiler, assertions enabled in the C library, and assertions enabled
-in the Verilated library. (These options slow down the executable, so do
-this only when debugging.) To enable this, Verilate with:
+To debug a Verilated executable, Verilate with :vlopt:`--runtime-debug`.
+This will instruct the compiler to insert debugger, and enable various
+library assertions. These options slow down the executable, so do this
+only when debugging.

-    -CFLAGS -ggdb  -LDFLAGS -ggdb  -CFLAGS -DVL_DEBUG=1  -CFLAGS -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG
+If you are using your own Makefiles, adapt appropriately to pass the
+options documented under :vlopt:`--runtime-debug` to the compiler and
+linker.

-The :vlopt:`-CFLAGS` and/or :vlopt:`-LDFLAGS` options pass arguments
-directly to the compiler or linker.
+Once you have a debugging-enabled executable, run it using the the standard
+GNU debugger ``gdb`` or a similar tool, and create a backtrace; e.g.:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      gdb obj_dir/Vtop
+        run {Vtop_command_arguments}
+        {Vtop prints output, perhaps a segmentation faults}
+        bt
+
+Rarely the bug may disappear with :vlopt:`--runtime-debug`; if so, try
+instead using the sub-options that :vlopt:`--runtime-debug` documents, to
+find the maximum subset that still shows the issue.  E.g. it is likely that
+using `-CFLAGS -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG` will not hide any bug, so may be used.
+
+Using :vlopt:`--runtime-debug` or `-CFLAGS -DVL_DEBUG=1` will only print a
+message if something goes wrong.  To enable debug print messages at
+runtime, additionally use the :vlopt:`+verilator+debug` runtime option.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 **********
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ Verilating

 Verilator may be used in five major ways:

+* With the :vlopt:`--binary` option, Verilator will translate the design
+  into an executable, via generating C++ and compiling it.  See
+  :ref:`Binary, C++ and SystemC Generation`.
+
 * With the :vlopt:`--cc` or :vlopt:`--sc` options, Verilator will translate
-  the design into C++ or SystemC code, respectively.  See :ref:`C++ and
-  SystemC Generation`.
+  the design into C++ or SystemC code, respectively.  See :ref:`Binary, C++
+  and SystemC Generation`.

 * With the :vlopt:`--lint-only` option, Verilator will lint the design to
  check for warnings but will not typically create any output files.
@@ -24,13 +28,15 @@ Verilator may be used in five major ways:
  expanded.


-.. _C++ and SystemC Generation:
+.. _Binary, C++ and SystemC Generation:

-C++ and SystemC Generation
-==========================
+Binary, C++ and SystemC Generation
+==================================

 Verilator will translate a SystemVerilog design into C++ with the
-:vlopt:`--cc` option, or into SystemC with the :vlopt:`--sc` option.
+:vlopt:`--cc` option, or into SystemC with the :vlopt:`--sc` option.  It
+will translate into C++ and compile it into an executable binary with the
+:vlopt:`--binary` option.

 When using these options:

@@ -45,14 +51,19 @@ When using these options:
   The prefix is set with :vlopt:`--prefix`, or defaults to the name of the
   top module.

-#. If :vlopt:`--exe` is used, Verilator creates makefiles to generate a
-   simulation executable, otherwise, it creates makefiles to generate an
-   archive (.a) containing the objects.
+#. If :vlopt:`--binary` or :vlopt:`--main` is used, Verilator creates a C++
+   top wrapper to read command line arguments, create the model, and
+   execute the model.

-#. If :vlopt:`--build` option was used, it calls :ref:`GNU Make` or
-   :ref:`CMake` to build the model.
+#. If :vlopt:`--binary` or :vlopt:`--exe` is used, Verilator creates
+   makefiles to generate a simulation executable, otherwise, it creates
+   makefiles to generate an archive (.a) containing the objects.

-Once a model is built, it is then typically run, see :ref:`Simulating`.
+#. If :vlopt:`--binary` or :vlopt:`--build` is used, it calls :ref:`GNU
+   Make` or :ref:`CMake` to build the model.
+
+Once a model is built, the next step is typically for the user to run it,
+see :ref:`Simulating`.


 .. _Hierarchical Verilation:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0

 *******************
@@ -2131,3 +2131,46 @@ List Of Warnings
   Inactive region. Such processes do get resumed in the same time slot
   somewhere in the Active region. Issued only if Verilator is run with the
   :vlopt:`--timing` option.
+
+.. option:: ZEROREPL
+
+   Warns that zero is used as the replication value in the replication
+   operator. This is specified as an error by IEEE 1800-2017 11.4.12.1.
+
+   Faulty example:
+
+   .. code-block:: sv
+      :linenos:
+      :emphasize-lines: 5
+
+         module dut
+            #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 0);
+           reg [7:0] data;
+           always @* begin
+             data = {MY_PARAM{1'b1}}; //<--- WARNING
+           end
+         endmodule
+
+   Results in the following error:
+
+   .. code-block::
+
+       %Error-ZEROREPL: test.v:5:22: Replication value of 0 is only legal under a concatenation (IEEE 1800-2017 11.4.12.1)
+
+   Note that in some cases, this warning may be false, when a condition
+   upstream or downstream of the access means the zero replication will
+   never execute or be used.
+
+   Repaired example:
+
+   .. code-block:: sv
+      :linenos:
+      :emphasize-lines: 2
+
+         module dut
+            #(parameter int MY_PARAM = 1); //<--- REPAIRED
+           reg [7:0] data;
+           always @* begin
+             data = {MY_PARAM{1'b1}};
+           end
+         endmodule
@@ -1035,11 +1035,11 @@ Coding Conventions
 ==================


-Compiler Version and C++11
+Compiler Version and C++14
 --------------------------

-Verilator requires C11. Verilator does not require any newer versions, but
-is maintained to build successfully with C14/C17/C20.
+Verilator requires C14. Verilator does not require any newer versions, but
+is maintained to build successfully with C17/C20.


 Indentation and Naming Style
@@ -1696,6 +1696,84 @@ Similarly, the ``NETLIST`` has a list of modules referred to by its
 ``op1p()`` pointer.


+.tree.json Output
+-----------------
+
+``.tree.json``` is an alternative dump format to ``.tree`` that is meant for
+programmatic processing (e.g. with `astsee <https://github.com/antmicro/astsee>`_).
+To enable this dump format, use :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
+Structure:
+::
+
+  {
+    /* Attributes that are common to all types of nodes */
+    "type": "VAR",
+    "name": "cyc",
+    /* By default addresses and filenames use short/stable ids rather than real value */
+    "addr": "(H)",
+    "loc": "a,25:12,26:15", /* "fileid,firstLine:firstCol,lastLine:endCol" (endCol is right exclusive) */
+    "editNum": 602,
+    /* Fields that are specific to AstVar nodes:  */
+    "origName": "cyc",
+    "isSc": false,
+    "ioDirection": "NONE",
+    "isConst": false,
+    "isPullup": false,
+    "isPulldown": false,
+    "isUsedClock": false,
+    "isSigPublic": false,
+    "isLatched": false,
+    "isUsedLoopIdx": false,
+    "noReset": false,
+    "attrIsolateAssign": false,
+    "attrFileDescr": false,
+    "isDpiOpenArray": false,
+    "isFuncReturn": false,
+    "isFuncLocal": false,
+    "attrClocker": "UNKNOWN",
+    "lifetime": "NONE",
+    "varType": "VAR",
+    /* Lists of child nodes (which use similar structure as their parent): */
+    "childDTypep": [ /* ... */ ],
+    "delayp": [ /* ... */ ],
+    "valuep": [ /* ... */ ],
+    "attrsp": [ /* ... */ ]
+  }
+
+.tree.meta.json Output
+----------------
+
+.tree.meta.json contains metadata that is common across the whole AST tree.
+
+Besides de-duplication of data shared between multiple stages, .meta.json enables offloading
+unstable data (that can vary from machine-to-machine or run-to-run) from main .tree.json.
+This offloading allows, for example, to use byte-to-byte comparisons of AST dumps in tests.
+
+::
+
+  {"files": {
+    /* Map id to filename, and other metadata */
+    "d": {"filename":"/home/ant/tmp/verilator/include/verilated_std.sv", "realpath":"/home/ant/tmp/verilator/include/verilated_std.sv", "language":"1800-2017"},
+    "a": {"filename":"<built-in>", "realpath":"<built-in>", "language":"1800-2017"},
+    "b": {"filename":"<command-line>", "realpath":"<command-line>", "language":"1800-2017"},
+    "c": {"filename":"input.vc", "realpath":"/home/ant/tmp/verilator/test_regress/input.vc", "language":"1800-2017"},
+    "e": {"filename":"t/t_EXAMPLE.v", "realpath":"/home/ant/tmp/verilator/test_regress/t/t_EXAMPLE.v", "language":"1800-2017"}
+   },"pointers": {
+    /* Map id to real address */
+    "(AG)": "0x562997289180",
+    "(YF)": "0x5629971c50b0",
+    "(WF)": "0x5629971e7ae0",
+    /* ... /*
+   },"ptrFieldNames": [
+    /* List of fields that are used for storing pointers */
+    "aboveScopep",
+    "voidp",
+    "addr",
+    /* ... */
+ ]}
+
+
 .tree.dot Output
 ----------------

@@ -1937,6 +2015,9 @@ driver.pl Non-Scenario Arguments
 --trace
  Set the simulator specific flags to request waveform tracing.

+--valgrind
+  Same as ``verilator --valgrind``: Run Verilator under `Valgrind <https://valgrind.org/>`_.
+
 --verbose
  Compile and run the test in verbose mode. This means ``TEST_VERBOSE``
  will be defined for the test (Verilog and any C++/SystemC wrapper).
@@ -1980,6 +2061,9 @@ simultaneously.
 --vltmt
  Run Verilator tests in multithreaded mode.

+--xrun
+  Run Cadence Xcelium simulator tests.
+
 --xsim
  Run Xilinx XSim simulator tests.

@@ -2237,7 +2321,7 @@ xsim_flags / xsim_flags2 / xsim_run_flags
 Distribution
 ============

-Copyright 2008-2023 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
+Copyright 2008-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 ABCp
+Aadi
 Accellera
 Affe
 Aleksander
@@ -13,21 +14,26 @@ Antonin
 Antwerpen
 Arasanipalai
 Arjen
+Arshid
 Asciidoc
 Ashutosh
 Ast
 Atmel
 Aurelien
 Bagri
+Balboni
 Baltazar
 Bardsley
 Benchmarking
 Berman
 Bhagavatula
 Bhattacharyya
+Biancolin
 Binderman
+Björk
 Bleiweiss
 Bogdan
+Bonneau
 Bouchard
 Boumenot
 Brej
@@ -41,20 +47,25 @@ Cai
 Cavium
 Cfuncs
 Chandan
+Chentai
+Cherkasov
 Chih
 Chitlesh
 Christophe
 Cochrane
 Conda
 Corteggiani
+Cozzocrea
 Cuan
 Cygwin
 DErrico
 DFG
 Da
+Dai
 Danilo
 Dannoritzer
 Das
+Davide
 Dcache
 Deadman
 Debacker
@@ -63,6 +74,7 @@ Defparams
 Denio
 Deprecations
 Deroo
+Desai
 Dickol
 Diez
 Dimitris
@@ -71,9 +83,11 @@ Djordjevic
 Dobbie
 Dockerfile
 Donal
+Donovick
 Doorn
 Doxygen
 Dressler
+Dudek
 Duraid
 Dutton
 Dzetkulic
@@ -92,14 +106,19 @@ Enzo
 Eugen
 Fabrizio
 Faucher
+Faure
 Fekete
 Ferrandi
 Flachs
 Flavien
+Florian
 Foletto
+Forencich
 Forker
 Francillon
 Fredieu
+Freiberger
+Frédéric
 GTKWave
 Galbi
 Gantt
@@ -119,18 +138,23 @@ Goessling
 Gonnen
 Goorah
 Gossner
+Graba
 Graphviz
 Graybeal
 Grobman
 Grulfen
+Gu
 Gunter
 Guo
 Hao
+Haojin
 Harboe
 Hashimoto
 Hayenga
+Hesselbarth
 Hewson
 Hicamp
+Hideto
 Hiroki
 Holdsworth
 Holme
@@ -138,8 +162,10 @@ Homebrew
 Hornung
 Hossell
 Hsu
+Hutt
 Hyperthreading
 Ibrahim
+Ikram
 Iles
 Inlines
 Inout
@@ -151,8 +177,10 @@ Jae
 Jalloq
 Jankowski
 Jannis
+Jasen
 Jens
 Jeras
+Jiaxun
 Jiuyang
 Joannou
 Joly
@@ -166,6 +194,7 @@ Kahn
 Kai
 Kamendje
 Kandadi
+Kaneda
 Kaplan
 Karge
 Karlsson
@@ -181,6 +210,7 @@ Klnv
 Koenig
 Koh
 Kolecki
+Konstantin
 Koonce
 Korteland
 Koszek
@@ -192,17 +222,23 @@ Kumashikar
 Kuoping
 Kurachi
 Laeufer
+Laroche
 Laurens
 Lavino
 Leber
 Leendert
 Lem
 Lesik
+Libenzi
+Licker
 Liland
 Liu
+Liwei
 Lockhart
 Longo
+Luca
 Lussier
+Lübeck
 MMD
 MODDUP
 MTasks
@@ -212,10 +248,15 @@ Mahesh
 Mahmoudy
 Makefile
 Makefiles
+Maksymenko
+Markley
+Marquet
 Matveyenko
 Maupin
 Mdir
 Mednick
+Mei
+Melo
 Menküc
 Michail
 Michiels
@@ -237,6 +278,7 @@ Mykyta
 NOUNOPTFLAT
 NaN
 Nalbantis
+Nandor
 Narayan
 Nassim
 Nauticus
@@ -247,16 +289,20 @@ Niranjan
 Nitza
 Noack
 Nodine
+Ober
 Oleg
 Olof
 Olofsson
+Oron
 Oyvind
 PLI
 Palaniappan
 Patricio
 Petr
+Piard
 Piechotka
 Piersall
+Platz
 Platzer
 Plunkett
 Popolon
@@ -273,6 +319,8 @@ Priyadharshini
 Pullup
 Pulver
 Puri
+Qin
+Qiu
 Questa
 Rachit
 Ralf
@@ -282,28 +330,37 @@ Reitan
 Renga
 Requin
 Rodionov
+Rohan
 Rolfe
 Rontionov
 Roodselaar
+Roshit
 Runtime
 Ruud
 Rystsov
 STandarD
 Salman
+Sammelson
+Sanggyu
 Sanguinetti
 Sanjay
+Sasselli
 Scharrer
 Seitz
+Shahid
 Shankar
 Shanshan
 Sharad
 Shareef
+Shen
 Sheng
 Shi
 Shinkarovsky
+Shinya
 Shirakawa
 Shuba
 Shunyao
+Slager
 Slatter
 SoC
 Sobhan
@@ -323,6 +380,7 @@ Stucki
 Su
 Suguimoto
 Sundararajan
+Sunderland
 Suse
 Syms
 Synopsys
@@ -330,6 +388,7 @@ SystemC
 SystemVerilog
 Takatsukasa
 Tambe
+Tarik
 Tariq
 Tejada
 Tengstrand
@@ -337,6 +396,7 @@ Terpstra
 Thiede
 Thierry
 Thyer
+Tianrui
 Tichelaar
 Timi
 Tomov
@@ -347,9 +407,11 @@ Trefor
 Tresidder
 Tri
 Tristate
+Truong
 Turton
 UNOPTFLAT
 Ubixum
+Ueno
 Uints
 Undefines
 Unsized
@@ -358,6 +420,7 @@ Uselib
 Usha
 Usuario
 VERILATOR
+Vandergriendt
 Vasu
 Vdeeptemp
 Vdly
@@ -395,14 +458,20 @@ Wwarn
 XSim
 Xcelium
 Xiaoliang
+Xiaoyi
 Xuan
 Xuanqi
 Yazdanbakhsh
+Yernagula
 Yi
 Yike
 Yinan
+Yoshitomo
 Yosys
 Yu
+Yujia
+Yurii
+Zaruba
 Zhang
 abirkmanis
 accessor
@@ -451,6 +520,7 @@ buildenv
 bv
 bvs
 callValueCbs
+callgrind
 casex
 casez
 casted
@@ -515,8 +585,10 @@ der
 dereference
 desassign
 destructor
+desynchronization
 detections
 dev
+devcontainer
 devel
 dir
 displayb
@@ -544,6 +616,7 @@ dut
 dx
 dynarray
 elab
+eliasphanna
 elike
 elsif
 endcase
@@ -619,6 +692,7 @@ genvars
 getenv
 getline
 ggdb
+glibc
 gmake
 gmon
 gotFinish
@@ -663,6 +737,7 @@ ish
 isunbounded
 isunknown
 jobserver
+json
 jwoutersymatra
 killua
 lang
@@ -675,6 +750,7 @@ libext
 libgoogle
 libsystemc
 libtcmalloc
+libverilated
 linkers
 linter
 linux
@@ -703,6 +779,7 @@ miree
 mis
 misconnected
 misconversion
+misoptimized
 missized
 mk
 mno
@@ -810,6 +887,7 @@ pvalue
 pwd
 py
 qrq
+qrqiuren
 radix
 randc
 randcase
@@ -830,6 +908,7 @@ recrem
 redeclaring
 regs
 reloop
+replaceShiftOp
 resetall
 respecified
 rodata
@@ -843,6 +922,7 @@ sVerilator
 sawatzke
 sc
 scalared
+sccache
 sccanf
 seg
 setuphold
@@ -867,6 +947,7 @@ stdin
 stdout
 stime
 stmts
+str
 strcasecmp
 stringification
 stringified
@@ -941,8 +1022,10 @@ unsup
 untyped
 urandom
 uselib
+utimes
 uwire
 uwires
+valgrind
 vc
 vcd
 vcddiff
@@ -965,13 +1048,16 @@ vlt
 vltstd
 vluint
 vpi
+vpiConstType
 vpiDefName
+vpiInstance
 vpiLeftRange
 vpiModule
 vpiSize
 vpiSuppressVal
 vpiTimeUnit
 vpiType
+vpiUndefined
 vpm
 vpp
 warmup
@@ -995,3 +1081,5 @@ ypq
 yurivict
 zdave
 Øyvind
+Алексеевич
+Исаак
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The XML document consists of 4 sections within the top level
 Distribution
 ============

-Copyright 2020-2023 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
+Copyright 2020-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- Python -*- See copyright, etc below
-# pylint: disable=C0114,C0115,C0209,R0903
+# pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0115,C0209,R0903
 ######################################################################

 import argparse
+import json
 import os
 import re
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
-import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 from shutil import copy2
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 # from pprint import pprint, pformat

 #######################################################################
@@ -25,29 +25,30 @@ class VlFileCopy:

        self.debug = debug

-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as xml_temp:
+        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile(
+        ) as meta_temp:
            vargs = [
-                '--xml-output',
-                xml_temp.name,
+                '--json-only-output',
+                tree_temp.name,
+                '--json-only-meta-output',
+                meta_temp.name,
                '--bbox-sys',  # Parse some stuff can't translate
                '--bbox-unsup',
-                '--prefix vlxml'
-            ]  # So we know name of .xml output
+                '--prefix vljson'
+            ]
            vargs += verilator_args
            self.run_verilator(vargs)
-            self.tree = ET.parse(xml_temp.name)
+            self.tree = json.load(tree_temp)
+            self.meta = json.load(meta_temp)

        os.makedirs(output_dir, 0o777, True)

-        # Find and copy the files
-        root = self.tree.getroot()
-        xfiles = root.find('files')
-        for xfile in xfiles.findall('file'):
-            filename = xfile.get('filename')
-            if not re.match('^<', filename):  # e.g. <built-in>
+        for file_id in self.meta['files']:
+            path = self.meta['files'][file_id]['realpath']
+            if not re.match('^<', path):  # e.g. <built-in>
                if self.debug:
-                    print("\tcp %s %s" % (filename, output_dir))
-                copy2(filename, output_dir)
+                    print("\tcp %s %s" % (path, output_dir))
+                copy2(path, output_dir)

    def run_verilator(self, vargs):
        """Run Verilator command, check errors"""
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
        allow_abbrev=False,
        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
        description=
-        """Example of using Verilator XML output to copy a list of files to an
+        """Example of using Verilator JSON output to copy a list of files to an
 output directory (-odir, defaults to 'copied'), e.g. to easily create a
 tarball of the design to pass to others.

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 ######################################################################

 import argparse
+import json
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
-import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 # from pprint import pprint, pformat

 #######################################################################
@@ -22,19 +22,23 @@ class VlHierGraph:
            output_filename='graph.dot'):  # output filename
        self.debug = debug
        self.next_vertex_number = 0
-        self.name_to_number = {}
+        self.addr_to_number = {}

-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as xml_temp:
+        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile(
+        ) as meta_temp:
            vargs = [
-                '--xml-output',
-                xml_temp.name,
+                '--json-only-output',
+                tree_temp.name,
+                '--json-only-meta-output',
+                meta_temp.name,
                '--bbox-sys',  # Parse some stuff can't translate
                '--bbox-unsup',
-                '--prefix vlxml'
-            ]  # So we know name of .xml output
+                '--prefix vljson'
+            ]
            vargs += verilator_args
            self.run_verilator(vargs)
-            self.tree = ET.parse(xml_temp.name)
+            self.tree = json.load(tree_temp)
+            self.meta = json.load(meta_temp)

        with open(output_filename, "w", encoding="utf8") as fh:
            # For more serious purposes, use the python graphviz package instead
@@ -46,31 +50,45 @@ class VlHierGraph:
            )
            fh.write("  edge [fontsize=6]")
            # Find cells
-            root = self.tree.getroot()
-            netlist = root.find('netlist')
-            for module in netlist.findall('module'):
+            modules = self.flatten(self.tree, lambda n: n['type'] == "MODULE")
+            top_module = True
+            for mod in modules:
                # origNames are before parameterization, name if after
-                mod_name = module.get('name')
-                mod_number = self.name_to_vertex_number(mod_name)
-                fh.write("  n%d [label=\"%s\"" % (mod_number, mod_name))
-                if module.get('topModule'):
+                mod_number = self.addr_to_vertex_number(mod['addr'])
+                fh.write("  n%d [label=\"%s\"" % (mod_number, mod['name']))
+                if top_module:
                    fh.write(" color=\"red\" rank=1")
+                    top_module = False
                fh.write("];\n")

-                for instance in module.findall('instance'):
-                    inst_name = instance.get('name')
-                    def_name = instance.get('defName')
-                    def_number = self.name_to_vertex_number(def_name)
+                cells = self.flatten(mod, lambda n: n['type'] == "CELL")
+                for cell in cells:
+                    def_number = self.addr_to_vertex_number(cell['modp'])
                    fh.write("  n%d->n%d [label=\"%s\"];\n" %
-                             (mod_number, def_number, inst_name))
+                             (mod_number, def_number, cell['name']))

            fh.write("}\n")

-    def name_to_vertex_number(self, name):
-        if name not in self.name_to_number:
+    def flatten(self, node, accept_cb=lambda n: True):
+        """Flatten tree to list using DFS.
+        accept_cb(node) should return True for nodes you want to save"""
+        arr = []
+        self.dfs(node, lambda n: accept_cb(n) and arr.append(n))
+        return arr
+
+    def dfs(self, node, node_cb):
+        """Traverse given tree using DFS and apply node_cb(node) on each one"""
+        node_cb(node)
+        for _, v in node.items():
+            if isinstance(v, list):  # childlist
+                for child in v:
+                    self.dfs(child, node_cb)
+
+    def addr_to_vertex_number(self, name):
+        if name not in self.addr_to_number:
            self.next_vertex_number += 1
-            self.name_to_number[name] = self.next_vertex_number
-        return self.name_to_number[name]
+            self.addr_to_number[name] = self.next_vertex_number
+        return self.addr_to_number[name]

    def run_verilator(self, vargs):
        """Run Verilator command, check errors"""
@@ -94,7 +112,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
        allow_abbrev=False,
        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
        description=
-        """Example of using Verilator XML output to create a .dot file showing the
+        """Example of using Verilator JSON output to create a .dot file showing the
 design module hierarchy.

 Example usage:
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    // e.g. examples/c_tracing.

    // Construct a VerilatedContext to hold simulation time, etc.
-    VerilatedContext* contextp = new VerilatedContext;
+    VerilatedContext* const contextp = new VerilatedContext;

    // Pass arguments so Verilated code can see them, e.g. $value$plusargs
    // This needs to be called before you create any model
    contextp->commandArgs(argc, argv);

    // Construct the Verilated model, from Vtop.h generated from Verilating "top.v"
-    Vtop* top = new Vtop{contextp};
+    Vtop* const top = new Vtop{contextp};

    // Simulate until $finish
    while (!contextp->gotFinish()) {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int sc_main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    // e.g. examples/c_tracing.

    // Construct the Verilated model, from Vtop.h generated from Verilating "top.v"
-    Vtop* top = new Vtop{"top"};
+    Vtop* const top = new Vtop{"top"};

    // Pass arguments so Verilated code can see them, e.g. $value$plusargs
    // This needs to be called before you create any model
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (false && argc && argv) {}

    // Construct context to hold simulation time, etc
-    VerilatedContext* contextp = new VerilatedContext;
+    const std::unique_ptr<VerilatedContext> contextp{new VerilatedContext};
    contextp->debug(0);
    contextp->randReset(2);
    contextp->commandArgs(argc, argv);

    // Construct the Verilated model, including the secret module
-    Vtop* top = new Vtop{contextp};
+    const std::unique_ptr<Vtop> top{new Vtop{contextp.get(), "TOP"}};

 #if VM_TRACE
    // When tracing, the contents of the secret module will not be seen
@@ -65,12 +65,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    }
 #endif

-    // Destroy model
-    delete top;
-    top = nullptr;
-    delete contextp;
-    contextp = nullptr;
-
    // Return good completion status
    // Don't use exit() or destructor won't get called
    return 0;
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ double sc_time_stamp() { return 0; }
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    // This is a more complicated example, please also see the simpler examples/make_hello_c.

-    // Prevent unused variable warnings
-    if (false && argc && argv) {}
-
    // Create logs/ directory in case we have traces to put under it
    Verilated::mkdir("logs");

@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ using namespace sc_dt;
 int sc_main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    // This is a more complicated example, please also see the simpler examples/make_hello_c.

-    // Prevent unused variable warnings
-    if (false && argc && argv) {}
-
    // Create logs/ directory in case we have traces to put under it
    Verilated::mkdir("logs");

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 * FST_DEBUG : not for production use, only enable for development
 * FST_REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VC : glitch removal (has writer performance impact)
 * HAVE_LIBPTHREAD -> FST_WRITER_PARALLEL : enables inclusion of parallel writer code
- * FST_DO_MISALIGNED_OPS (defined automatically for x86 and some others) : CPU architecture can handle misaligned loads/stores
 * _WAVE_HAVE_JUDY : use Judy arrays instead of Jenkins (undefine if LGPL is not acceptable)
 *
 */
@@ -132,10 +131,6 @@ void **JenkinsIns(void *base_i, const unsigned char *mem, uint32_t length, uint3
 #define FST_GZIO_LEN                    (32768)
 #define FST_HDR_FOURPACK_DUO_SIZE       (4*1024*1024)

-#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__aarch64__)
-#define FST_DO_MISALIGNED_OPS
-#endif
-
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
 #define FST_MACOSX
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
@@ -192,6 +187,16 @@ void **JenkinsIns(void *base_i, const unsigned char *mem, uint32_t length, uint3
 /*                   01234567 */


+/*
+ * report abort messages
+ */
+static void chk_report_abort(const char *s)
+{
+fprintf(stderr,"Triggered %s security check, exiting.\n", s);
+abort();
+}
+
+
 /*
 * prevent old file overwrite when currently being read
 */
@@ -367,22 +372,15 @@ return ptr;
 /*
 * regular and variable-length integer access functions
 */
-#ifdef FST_DO_MISALIGNED_OPS
-#define fstGetUint32(x) (*(uint32_t *)(x))
-#else
 static uint32_t fstGetUint32(unsigned char *mem)
 {
 uint32_t u32;
 unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)(&u32);

-buf[0] = mem[0];
-buf[1] = mem[1];
-buf[2] = mem[2];
-buf[3] = mem[3];
+memcpy(buf, mem, sizeof(uint32_t));

 return(*(uint32_t *)buf);
 }
-#endif


 static int fstWriterUint64(FILE *handle, uint64_t v)
@@ -550,7 +548,8 @@ return(rc);

 static uint32_t fstReaderVarint32(FILE *f)
 {
-unsigned char buf[5];
+int chk_len = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+unsigned char buf[chk_len];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint32_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -559,7 +558,9 @@ do
        {
        ch = fgetc(f);
        *(mem++) = ch;
-        } while(ch & 0x80);
+        } while((ch & 0x80) && (--chk_len));
+
+if(ch & 0x80) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1783");
 mem--;

 for(;;)
@@ -579,7 +580,8 @@ return(rc);

 static uint32_t fstReaderVarint32WithSkip(FILE *f, uint32_t *skiplen)
 {
-unsigned char buf[5];
+int chk_len = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+unsigned char buf[chk_len];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint32_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -588,7 +590,9 @@ do
        {
        ch = fgetc(f);
        *(mem++) = ch;
-        } while(ch & 0x80);
+        } while((ch & 0x80) && (--chk_len));
+
+if(ch & 0x80) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1783");
 *skiplen = mem - buf;
 mem--;

@@ -609,7 +613,8 @@ return(rc);

 static uint64_t fstReaderVarint64(FILE *f)
 {
-unsigned char buf[16];
+int chk_len = 16; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+unsigned char buf[chk_len];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint64_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -618,9 +623,12 @@ do
        {
        ch = fgetc(f);
        *(mem++) = ch;
-        } while(ch & 0x80);
+        } while((ch & 0x80) && (--chk_len));
+
+if(ch & 0x80) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1783");
 mem--;

+
 for(;;)
        {
        rc <<= 7;
@@ -851,11 +859,7 @@ unsigned char *pnt = buf;
 uint32_t nxt;
 uint32_t len;

-#ifdef FST_DO_MISALIGNED_OPS
-(*(uint32_t *)(pnt)) = (*(uint32_t *)(u));
-#else
 memcpy(pnt, u, sizeof(uint32_t));
-#endif
 pnt += 4;

 while((nxt = v>>7))
@@ -878,11 +882,7 @@ unsigned char *pnt = buf;
 uint32_t nxt;
 uint32_t len;

-#ifdef FST_DO_MISALIGNED_OPS
-(*(uint32_t *)(pnt)) = (*(uint32_t *)(u));
-#else
 memcpy(pnt, u, sizeof(uint32_t));
-#endif
 pnt += 4;

 while((nxt = v>>7))
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ for(i=0;i<xc->maxhandle;i++)
                                        dmem = packmem = (unsigned char *)malloc(packmemlen = (wrlen * 2) + 2);
                                        }

-                                rc = (xc->fourpack) ? LZ4_compress((char *)scratchpnt, (char *)dmem, wrlen) : fastlz_compress(scratchpnt, wrlen, dmem);
+                                rc = (xc->fourpack) ? LZ4_compress_default((char *)scratchpnt, (char *)dmem, wrlen, packmemlen) : fastlz_compress(scratchpnt, wrlen, dmem);
                                if(rc < destlen)
                                        {
 #ifndef FST_DYNAMIC_ALIAS_DISABLE
@@ -1838,6 +1838,14 @@ if(xc->parallel_enabled)
        xc->xc_parent = xc;
        memcpy(xc2, xc, sizeof(struct fstWriterContext));

+	if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+		{
+		/* TALOS-2023-1777 for 32b overflow */
+		uint64_t chk_64 = xc->maxhandle * 4 * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		size_t   chk_32 = xc->maxhandle * 4 * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1777");
+		}
+
        xc2->valpos_mem = (uint32_t *)malloc(xc->maxhandle * 4 * sizeof(uint32_t));
        memcpy(xc2->valpos_mem, xc->valpos_mem, xc->maxhandle * 4 * sizeof(uint32_t));

@@ -2101,7 +2109,7 @@ if(xc && !xc->already_in_close && !xc->already_in_flush)
 				{
 	                        fstWriterMmapSanity(hmem = (unsigned char *)fstMmap(NULL, xc->hier_file_len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fileno(xc->hier_handle), 0), __FILE__, __LINE__, "hmem");
 				}
-                        packed_len = LZ4_compress((char *)hmem, (char *)mem, xc->hier_file_len);
+                        packed_len = LZ4_compress_default((char *)hmem, (char *)mem, xc->hier_file_len, lz4_maxlen);
                        fstMunmap(hmem, xc->hier_file_len);

                        fourpack_duo = (!xc->repack_on_close) && (xc->hier_file_len > FST_HDR_FOURPACK_DUO_SIZE); /* double pack when hierarchy is large */
@@ -2114,7 +2122,7 @@ if(xc && !xc->already_in_close && !xc->already_in_flush)

                                lz4_maxlen_duo = LZ4_compressBound(packed_len);
                                mem_duo = (unsigned char *)malloc(lz4_maxlen_duo);
-                                packed_len_duo = LZ4_compress((char *)mem, (char *)mem_duo, packed_len);
+                                packed_len_duo = LZ4_compress_default((char *)mem, (char *)mem_duo, packed_len, lz4_maxlen_duo);

                                fstWriterVarint(xc->handle, packed_len); /* 1st round compressed length */
                                fstFwrite(mem_duo, packed_len_duo, 1, xc->handle);
@@ -3434,7 +3442,7 @@ return(rc);


 #ifndef FST_WRITEX_DISABLE
-static void fstWritex(struct fstReaderContext *xc, void *v, int len)
+static void fstWritex(struct fstReaderContext *xc, void *v, uint32_t len) /* TALOS-2023-1793: change len to unsigned */
 {
 unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)v;

@@ -5060,6 +5068,7 @@ if(fv)
 for(;;)
        {
        uint32_t *tc_head = NULL;
+	uint32_t tc_head_items = 0;
        traversal_mem_offs = 0;

        fstReaderFseeko(xc, xc->f, blkpos, SEEK_SET);
@@ -5103,12 +5112,12 @@ for(;;)
                }


-        mem_required_for_traversal = fstReaderUint64(xc->f);
-        mem_for_traversal = (unsigned char *)malloc(mem_required_for_traversal + 66); /* add in potential fastlz overhead */
+        mem_required_for_traversal = fstReaderUint64(xc->f) + 66; /* add in potential fastlz overhead */
+        mem_for_traversal = (unsigned char *)malloc(mem_required_for_traversal);
 #ifdef FST_DEBUG
        fprintf(stderr, FST_APIMESS "sec: %u seclen: %d begtim: %d endtim: %d\n",
                secnum, (int)seclen, (int)beg_tim, (int)end_tim);
-        fprintf(stderr, FST_APIMESS "mem_required_for_traversal: %d\n", (int)mem_required_for_traversal);
+        fprintf(stderr, FST_APIMESS "mem_required_for_traversal: %d\n", (int)mem_required_for_traversal-66);
 #endif
        /* process time block */
        {
@@ -5158,6 +5167,22 @@ for(;;)
                }

        free(time_table);
+
+	if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+		{
+		/* TALOS-2023-1792 for 32b overflow */
+		uint64_t chk_64 = tsec_nitems * sizeof(uint64_t);
+		size_t   chk_32 = ((size_t)tsec_nitems) * sizeof(uint64_t);
+		if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1792");
+		}
+	else
+		{
+		uint64_t chk_64 = tsec_nitems * sizeof(uint64_t);
+		if((chk_64/sizeof(uint64_t)) != tsec_nitems)
+			{
+			chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1792");
+			}
+		}
        time_table = (uint64_t *)calloc(tsec_nitems, sizeof(uint64_t));
        tpnt = ucdata;
        tpval = 0;
@@ -5169,7 +5194,23 @@ for(;;)
                tpnt += skiplen;
                }

-        tc_head = (uint32_t *)calloc(tsec_nitems /* scan-build */ ? tsec_nitems : 1, sizeof(uint32_t));
+	tc_head_items = tsec_nitems /* scan-build */ ? tsec_nitems : 1;
+	if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+		{
+		/* TALOS-2023-1792 for 32b overflow */
+		uint64_t chk_64 = tc_head_items * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		size_t   chk_32 = ((size_t)tc_head_items) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1792");
+		}
+	else
+		{
+		uint64_t chk_64 = tc_head_items * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		if((chk_64/sizeof(uint32_t)) != tc_head_items)
+			{
+			chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1792");
+			}
+		}
+        tc_head = (uint32_t *)calloc(tc_head_items, sizeof(uint32_t));
        free(ucdata);
        }

@@ -5273,6 +5314,10 @@ for(;;)
                                                        {
                                                        if(value_change_callback)
                                                                {
+								if(xc->signal_lens[idx] > xc->longest_signal_value_len)
+									{
+									chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1797");
+									}
                                                                memcpy(xc->temp_signal_value_buf, mu+sig_offs, xc->signal_lens[idx]);
                                                                xc->temp_signal_value_buf[xc->signal_lens[idx]] = 0;
                                                                value_change_callback(user_callback_data_pointer, beg_tim, idx+1, xc->temp_signal_value_buf);
@@ -5286,6 +5331,10 @@ for(;;)

                                                                        vcd_id[0] = (xc->signal_typs[idx] != FST_VT_VCD_PORT) ? 'b' : 'p';
                                                                        fstWritex(xc, vcd_id, 1);
+									if((sig_offs + xc->signal_lens[idx]) > frame_uclen)
+										{
+										chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1793");
+										}
                                                                        fstWritex(xc,mu+sig_offs, xc->signal_lens[idx]);

                                                                        vcd_id[0] = ' '; /* collapse 3 writes into one I/O call */
@@ -5410,7 +5459,44 @@ for(;;)
                free(chain_table_lengths);

                vc_maxhandle_largest = vc_maxhandle;
+
+		if(!(vc_maxhandle+1))
+			{
+			chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1798");
+			}
+
+		if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+			{
+			/* TALOS-2023-1798 for 32b overflow */
+			uint64_t chk_64 = (vc_maxhandle+1) * sizeof(fst_off_t);
+			size_t   chk_32 = ((size_t)(vc_maxhandle+1)) * sizeof(fst_off_t);
+			if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1798");
+			}
+		else
+			{
+			uint64_t chk_64 = (vc_maxhandle+1) * sizeof(fst_off_t);
+				if((chk_64/sizeof(fst_off_t)) != (vc_maxhandle+1))
+				{
+				chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1798");
+				}
+			}
                chain_table = (fst_off_t *)calloc((vc_maxhandle+1), sizeof(fst_off_t));
+
+		if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+			{
+			/* TALOS-2023-1798 for 32b overflow */
+			uint64_t chk_64 = (vc_maxhandle+1) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+			size_t   chk_32 = ((size_t)(vc_maxhandle+1)) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+			if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1798");
+			}
+		else
+			{
+			uint64_t chk_64 = (vc_maxhandle+1) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+				if((chk_64/sizeof(uint32_t)) != (vc_maxhandle+1))
+				{
+				chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1798");
+				}
+			}
                chain_table_lengths = (uint32_t *)calloc((vc_maxhandle+1), sizeof(uint32_t));
                }

@@ -5454,6 +5540,11 @@ for(;;)
                                uint64_t val = fstGetVarint32(pnt, &skiplen);

                                fstHandle loopcnt = val >> 1;
+				if((idx+loopcnt-1) > vc_maxhandle) /* TALOS-2023-1789 */
+					{
+					chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1789");
+					}
+
                                for(i=0;i<loopcnt;i++)
                                        {
                                        chain_table[idx++] = 0;
@@ -5487,6 +5578,12 @@ for(;;)
                        else
                                {
                                fstHandle loopcnt = val >> 1;
+
+				if((idx+loopcnt-1) > vc_maxhandle) /* TALOS-2023-1789 */
+					{
+					chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1789");
+					}
+
                                for(i=0;i<loopcnt;i++)
                                        {
                                        chain_table[idx++] = 0;
@@ -5547,6 +5644,11 @@ for(;;)
                                        unsigned long destlen = val;
                                        unsigned long sourcelen = chain_table_lengths[i];

+					if(traversal_mem_offs >= mem_required_for_traversal)
+						{
+						chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1785");
+						}
+
                                        if(mc_mem_len < chain_table_lengths[i])
                                                {
                                                free(mc_mem);
@@ -5575,6 +5677,12 @@ for(;;)
                                        {
                                        int destlen = chain_table_lengths[i] - skiplen;
                                        unsigned char *mu = mem_for_traversal + traversal_mem_offs;
+
+					if(traversal_mem_offs >= mem_required_for_traversal)
+						{
+						chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1785");
+						}
+
                                        fstFread(mu, destlen, 1, xc->f);
                                        /* data to process is for(j=0;j<destlen;j++) in mu[j] */
                                        headptr[i] = traversal_mem_offs;
@@ -5600,6 +5708,11 @@ for(;;)
                                        tdelta = vli >> 1;
                                        }

+				if(tdelta >= tc_head_items)
+					{
+					chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1791");
+					}
+
                                scatterptr[i] = tc_head[tdelta];
                                tc_head[tdelta] = i+1;
                                }
@@ -5698,6 +5811,11 @@ for(;;)
                                                shamt = 2 << (vli & 1);
                                                tdelta = vli >> shamt;

+						if((tdelta+i) >= tc_head_items)
+							{
+							chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1791");
+							}
+
                                                scatterptr[idx] = tc_head[i+tdelta];
                                                tc_head[i+tdelta] = idx+1;
                                                }
@@ -5731,6 +5849,14 @@ for(;;)

                                                                vcdid_len = fstVcdIDForFwrite(vcd_id+1, idx+1);
                                                                {
+								if(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(uint64_t))
+                							{
+                							/* TALOS-2023-1790 for 32b overflow */
+                							uint64_t chk_64 = len*4 + 1;
+                							size_t   chk_32 = len*4 + 1;
+                							if(chk_64 != chk_32) chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1790");
+                							}
+
                                                                unsigned char *vesc = (unsigned char *)malloc(len*4 + 1);
                                                                int vlen = fstUtilityBinToEsc(vesc, vdata, len);
                                                                fstWritex(xc, vesc, vlen);
@@ -5756,6 +5882,11 @@ for(;;)
                                                vli = fstGetVarint32NoSkip(mem_for_traversal + headptr[idx]);
                                                tdelta = vli >> 1;

+						if((tdelta+i) >= tc_head_items)
+							{
+							chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1791");
+							}
+
                                                scatterptr[idx] = tc_head[i+tdelta];
                                                tc_head[i+tdelta] = idx+1;
                                                }
@@ -5772,6 +5903,11 @@ for(;;)

                                if(xc->signal_typs[idx] != FST_VT_VCD_REAL)
                                        {
+					if(len > xc->longest_signal_value_len)
+						{
+						chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1797");
+						}
+
                                        if(!(vli & 1))
                                                {
                                                int byte = 0;
@@ -5817,8 +5953,13 @@ for(;;)
                                                        if(fv)
                                                                {
                                                                unsigned char ch_bp =  (xc->signal_typs[idx] != FST_VT_VCD_PORT) ? 'b' : 'p';
+								uint64_t mem_required_for_traversal_chk = vdata - mem_for_traversal + len;

                                                                fstWritex(xc, &ch_bp, 1);
+								if(mem_required_for_traversal_chk > mem_required_for_traversal)
+									{
+									chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1793");
+									}
                                                                fstWritex(xc, vdata, len);
                                                                }
                                                        }
@@ -5941,6 +6082,11 @@ for(;;)
                                        vli = fstGetVarint32NoSkip(mem_for_traversal + headptr[idx]);
                                        tdelta = vli >> 1;

+					if((tdelta+i) >= tc_head_items)
+						{
+						chk_report_abort("TALOS-2023-1791");
+						}
+
                                        scatterptr[idx] = tc_head[i+tdelta];
                                        tc_head[i+tdelta] = idx+1;
                                        }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
 # include <execinfo.h>
 # define _VL_HAVE_STACKTRACE
 #endif
+#if defined(__linux) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__))
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# include <sys/resource.h>
+# define _VL_HAVE_GETRLIMIT
+#endif

 #include "verilated_threads.h"
 // clang-format on
@@ -107,16 +112,10 @@ thread_local Verilated::ThreadLocal Verilated::t_s;

 #ifndef VL_USER_FINISH  ///< Define this to override the vl_finish function
 void vl_finish(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
-    if (false && hier) {}
+    // hier is unused in the default implementation.
+    (void)hier;
    VL_PRINTF(  // Not VL_PRINTF_MT, already on main thread
        "- %s:%d: Verilog $finish\n", filename, linenum);
-    if (Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish()) {
-        VL_PRINTF(  // Not VL_PRINTF_MT, already on main thread
-            "- %s:%d: Second verilog $finish, exiting\n", filename, linenum);
-        Verilated::runFlushCallbacks();
-        Verilated::runExitCallbacks();
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
    Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(true);
 }
 #endif
@@ -142,7 +141,8 @@ void vl_stop(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT_UNSAFE {

 #ifndef VL_USER_FATAL  ///< Define this to override the vl_fatal function
 void vl_fatal(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, const char* msg) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
-    if (false && hier) {}
+    // hier is unused in the default implementation.
+    (void)hier;
    Verilated::threadContextp()->gotError(true);
    Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(true);
    if (filename && filename[0]) {
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ void vl_stop_maybe(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, bool may

 #ifndef VL_USER_WARN  ///< Define this to override the vl_warn function
 void vl_warn(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, const char* msg) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
-    if (false && hier) {}
+    // hier is unused in the default implementation.
+    (void)hier;
    if (filename && filename[0]) {
        // Not VL_PRINTF_MT, already on main thread
        VL_PRINTF("%%Warning: %s:%d: %s\n", filename, linenum, msg);
@@ -451,6 +452,8 @@ WDataOutP _vl_moddiv_w(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lwp, const WData

    const int uw = VL_WORDS_I(umsbp1);  // aka "m" in the algorithm
    const int vw = VL_WORDS_I(vmsbp1);  // aka "n" in the algorithm
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(uw <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(vw <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););

    if (vw == 1) {  // Single divisor word breaks rest of algorithm
        uint64_t k = 0;
@@ -472,27 +475,25 @@ WDataOutP _vl_moddiv_w(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lwp, const WData

    // Zero for ease of debugging and to save having to zero for shifts
    // Note +1 as loop will use extra word
-    for (int i = 0; i < words + 1; ++i) { un[i] = vn[i] = 0; }
+    for (int i = 0; i < words + 1; ++i) un[i] = vn[i] = 0;

    // Algorithm requires divisor MSB to be set
    // Copy and shift to normalize divisor so MSB of vn[vw-1] is set
    const int s = 31 - VL_BITBIT_I(vmsbp1 - 1);  // shift amount (0...31)
-    const uint32_t shift_mask = s ? 0xffffffff : 0;  // otherwise >> 32 won't mask the value
-    for (int i = vw - 1; i > 0; --i) {
-        vn[i] = (rwp[i] << s) | (shift_mask & (rwp[i - 1] >> (32 - s)));
-    }
-    vn[0] = rwp[0] << s;
-
    // Copy and shift dividend by same amount; may set new upper word
    if (s) {
+        for (int i = vw - 1; i > 0; --i) vn[i] = (rwp[i] << s) | (rwp[i - 1] >> (32 - s));
+        vn[0] = rwp[0] << s;
        un[uw] = lwp[uw - 1] >> (32 - s);
+        for (int i = uw - 1; i > 0; --i) un[i] = (lwp[i] << s) | (lwp[i - 1] >> (32 - s));
+        un[0] = lwp[0] << s;
    } else {
+        for (int i = vw - 1; i > 0; --i) vn[i] = rwp[i];
+        vn[0] = rwp[0];
        un[uw] = 0;
+        for (int i = uw - 1; i > 0; --i) un[i] = lwp[i];
+        un[0] = lwp[0];
    }
-    for (int i = uw - 1; i > 0; --i) {
-        un[i] = (lwp[i] << s) | (shift_mask & (lwp[i - 1] >> (32 - s)));
-    }
-    un[0] = lwp[0] << s;

    // Main loop
    for (int j = uw - vw; j >= 0; --j) {
@@ -536,8 +537,10 @@ WDataOutP _vl_moddiv_w(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lwp, const WData

    if (is_modulus) {  // modulus
        // Need to reverse normalization on copy to output
-        for (int i = 0; i < vw; ++i) {
-            owp[i] = (un[i] >> s) | (shift_mask & (un[i + 1] << (32 - s)));
+        if (s) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < vw; ++i) owp[i] = (un[i] >> s) | (un[i + 1] << (32 - s));
+        } else {
+            for (int i = 0; i < vw; ++i) owp[i] = un[i];
        }
        for (int i = vw; i < words; ++i) owp[i] = 0;
        return owp;
@@ -549,6 +552,8 @@ WDataOutP _vl_moddiv_w(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lwp, const WData
 WDataOutP VL_POW_WWW(int obits, int, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lwp,
                     const WDataInP rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // obits==lbits, rbits can be different
+    const int owords = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(owords <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
    owp[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); i++) owp[i] = 0;
    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress variableScope
@@ -560,11 +565,11 @@ WDataOutP VL_POW_WWW(int obits, int, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, const WDataInP lw
    for (int bit = 0; bit < rbits; bit++) {
        if (bit > 0) {  // power = power*power
            VL_ASSIGN_W(obits, lastpowstore, powstore);
-            VL_MUL_W(VL_WORDS_I(obits), powstore, lastpowstore, lastpowstore);
+            VL_MUL_W(owords, powstore, lastpowstore, lastpowstore);
        }
        if (VL_BITISSET_W(rwp, bit)) {  // out *= power
            VL_ASSIGN_W(obits, lastoutstore, owp);
-            VL_MUL_W(VL_WORDS_I(obits), owp, lastoutstore, powstore);
+            VL_MUL_W(owords, owp, lastoutstore, powstore);
        }
    }
    return owp;
@@ -576,7 +581,10 @@ WDataOutP VL_POW_WWQ(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, const WData
    return VL_POW_WWW(obits, lbits, rbits, owp, lwp, rhsw);
 }
 QData VL_POW_QQW(int, int, int rbits, QData lhs, const WDataInP rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    // Skip check for rhs == 0, as short-circuit doesn't save time
+    const int rwords = VL_WORDS_I(rbits);
+    EData rnz = rwp[0];
+    for (int w = 1; w < rwords; ++w) rnz |= rwp[w];
+    if (!rnz) return 1;  // rwp == 0
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(lhs == 0)) return 0;
    QData power = lhs;
    QData result = 1ULL;
@@ -657,8 +665,10 @@ double VL_ITOR_D_W(int lbits, const WDataInP lwp) VL_PURE {
 }
 double VL_ISTOR_D_W(int lbits, const WDataInP lwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    if (!VL_SIGN_W(lbits, lwp)) return VL_ITOR_D_W(lbits, lwp);
+    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(words <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
    uint32_t pos[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS + 1];  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
-    VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), pos, lwp);
+    VL_NEGATE_W(words, pos, lwp);
    _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, pos);
    return -VL_ITOR_D_W(lbits, pos);
 }
@@ -781,7 +791,7 @@ std::string _vl_vsformat_time(char* tmp, T ld, int timeunit, bool left, size_t w
        }
    }

-    const int needmore = width - digits;
+    const int needmore = static_cast<int>(width) - digits;
    std::string padding;
    if (needmore > 0) padding.append(needmore, ' ');  // Pad with spaces
    return left ? (tmp + padding) : (padding + tmp);
@@ -790,7 +800,7 @@ std::string _vl_vsformat_time(char* tmp, T ld, int timeunit, bool left, size_t w
 // Do a va_arg returning a quad, assuming input argument is anything less than wide
 #define VL_VA_ARG_Q_(ap, bits) (((bits) <= VL_IDATASIZE) ? va_arg(ap, IData) : va_arg(ap, QData))

-void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const std::string& format, va_list ap) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Format a Verilog $write style format into the output list
    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
@@ -799,24 +809,24 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
    // Note also assumes variables < 64 are not wide, this assumption is
    // sometimes not true in low-level routines written here in verilated.cpp
    static thread_local char t_tmp[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
-    const char* pctp = nullptr;  // Most recent %##.##g format
+    std::string::const_iterator pctit = format.end();  // Most recent %##.##g format
    bool inPct = false;
    bool widthSet = false;
    bool left = false;
    size_t width = 0;
-    for (const char* pos = formatp; *pos; ++pos) {
+    for (std::string::const_iterator pos = format.begin(); pos != format.end(); ++pos) {
        if (!inPct && pos[0] == '%') {
-            pctp = pos;
+            pctit = pos;
            inPct = true;
            widthSet = false;
            width = 0;
        } else if (!inPct) {  // Normal text
            // Fast-forward to next escape and add to output
-            const char* ep = pos;
-            while (ep[0] && ep[0] != '%') ++ep;
+            std::string::const_iterator ep = pos;
+            while (ep != format.end() && ep[0] != '%') ++ep;
            if (ep != pos) {
-                output.append(pos, ep - pos);
-                pos += ep - pos - 1;
+                output.append(pos, ep);
+                pos = ep - 1;
            }
        } else {  // Format character
            inPct = false;
@@ -879,8 +889,7 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
                    const int timeunit = va_arg(ap, int);
                    output += _vl_vsformat_time(t_tmp, d, timeunit, left, width);
                } else {
-                    const size_t len = pos - pctp + 1;
-                    const std::string fmts{pctp, len};
+                    const std::string fmts{pctit, pos + 1};
                    VL_SNPRINTF(t_tmp, VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH, fmts.c_str(), d);
                    output += t_tmp;
                }
@@ -934,20 +943,20 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
                        if (VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[VL_WORDS_I(lbits) - 1])) {
                            VlWide<VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH / 4 + 2> neg;
                            VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), neg, lwp);
-                            append = std::string{"-"} + VL_DECIMAL_NW(lbits, neg);
+                            append = "-"s + VL_DECIMAL_NW(lbits, neg);
                        } else {
                            append = VL_DECIMAL_NW(lbits, lwp);
                        }
-                        digits = append.length();
+                        digits = static_cast<int>(append.length());
                    }
-                    const int needmore = width - digits;
+                    const int needmore = static_cast<int>(width) - digits;
                    if (needmore > 0) {
                        std::string padding;
                        if (left) {
                            padding.append(needmore, ' ');  // Pre-pad spaces
                            output += append + padding;
                        } else {
-                            if (pctp && pctp[0] && pctp[1] == '0') {  // %0
+                            if (pctit != format.end() && pctit[0] && pctit[1] == '0') {  // %0
                                padding.append(needmore, '0');  // Pre-pad zero
                            } else {
                                padding.append(needmore, ' ');  // Pre-pad spaces
@@ -967,16 +976,16 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
                        append = t_tmp;
                    } else {
                        append = VL_DECIMAL_NW(lbits, lwp);
-                        digits = append.length();
+                        digits = static_cast<int>(append.length());
                    }
-                    const int needmore = width - digits;
+                    const int needmore = static_cast<int>(width) - digits;
                    if (needmore > 0) {
                        std::string padding;
                        if (left) {
                            padding.append(needmore, ' ');  // Pre-pad spaces
                            output += append + padding;
                        } else {
-                            if (pctp && pctp[0] && pctp[1] == '0') {  // %0
+                            if (pctit != format.end() && pctit[0] && pctit[1] == '0') {  // %0
                                padding.append(needmore, '0');  // Pre-pad zero
                            } else {
                                padding.append(needmore, ' ');  // Pre-pad spaces
@@ -1035,7 +1044,7 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
                    }
                    }  // switch

-                    const int needmore = width - digits;
+                    const int needmore = static_cast<int>(width) - digits;
                    if (needmore > 0) {
                        std::string padding;
                        if (left) {
@@ -1076,7 +1085,7 @@ void _vl_vsformat(std::string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SA
                    }
                    break;
                default: {  // LCOV_EXCL_START
-                    const std::string msg = std::string{"Unknown _vl_vsformat code: "} + pos[0];
+                    const std::string msg = "Unknown _vl_vsformat code: "s + pos[0];
                    VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", msg.c_str());
                    break;
                }  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
@@ -1194,7 +1203,7 @@ static void _vl_vsss_based(WDataOutP owp, int obits, int baseLog2, const char* s
 IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
                  int fbits, const WDataInP fromp,  // Else if a sscanf
                  const std::string& fstr,  // if a sscanf to string
-                  const char* formatp, va_list ap) VL_MT_SAFE {
+                  const std::string& format, va_list ap) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Read a Verilog $sscanf/$fscanf style format into the output list
    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
@@ -1203,8 +1212,8 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
    IData got = 0;
    bool inPct = false;
    bool inIgnore = false;
-    const char* pos = formatp;
-    for (; *pos && !_vl_vsss_eof(fp, floc); ++pos) {
+    std::string::const_iterator pos = format.begin();
+    for (; pos != format.end() && !_vl_vsss_eof(fp, floc); ++pos) {
        // VL_DBG_MSGF("_vlscan fmt='"<<pos[0]<<"' floc="<<floc<<" file='"<<_vl_vsss_peek(fp, floc,
        // fromp, fstr)<<"'\n");
        if (!inPct && pos[0] == '%') {
@@ -1358,7 +1367,7 @@ IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
                    break;
                }
                default: {  // LCOV_EXCL_START
-                    const std::string msg = std::string{"Unknown _vl_vsscanf code: "} + pos[0];
+                    const std::string msg = "Unknown _vl_vsscanf code: "s + pos[0];
                    VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", msg.c_str());
                    break;
                }  // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
@@ -1498,149 +1507,152 @@ void VL_FCLOSE_I(IData fdi) VL_MT_SAFE {
    Verilated::threadContextp()->impp()->fdClose(fdi);
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, CData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, CData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    _vl_string_to_vint(obits, &destr, t_output.length(), t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, SData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, SData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    _vl_string_to_vint(obits, &destr, t_output.length(), t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, IData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, IData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    _vl_string_to_vint(obits, &destr, t_output.length(), t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, QData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, QData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    _vl_string_to_vint(obits, &destr, t_output.length(), t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, void* destp, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, void* destp, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    _vl_string_to_vint(obits, destp, t_output.length(), t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits_ignored, std::string& output, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    if (obits_ignored) {}
+void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits_ignored, std::string& output, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                   ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    (void)obits_ignored;  // So VL_SFORMAT_NNX function signatures all match
    std::string temp_output;
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(temp_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(temp_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    output = temp_output;
 }

-std::string VL_SFORMATF_NX(const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+std::string VL_SFORMATF_N_NX(const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    return t_output;
 }

-void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_WRITEF_NX(const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    VL_PRINTF_MT("%s", t_output.c_str());
 }

-void VL_FWRITEF(IData fpi, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VL_FWRITEF_NX(IData fpi, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // While threadsafe, each thread can only access different file handles
    static thread_local std::string t_output;  // static only for speed
    t_output = "";

    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    _vl_vsformat(t_output, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    _vl_vsformat(t_output, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    Verilated::threadContextp()->impp()->fdWrite(fpi, t_output);
 }

-IData VL_FSCANF_IX(IData fpi, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+IData VL_FSCANF_INX(IData fpi, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // While threadsafe, each thread can only access different file handles
    FILE* const fp = VL_CVT_I_FP(fpi);
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return ~0U;  // -1

    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(fp, 0, nullptr, "", formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(fp, 0, nullptr, "", format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return got;
 }

-IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+IData VL_SSCANF_IINX(int lbits, IData ld, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VlWide<VL_WQ_WORDS_E> fnw;
    VL_SET_WI(fnw, ld);

    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, fnw, "", formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, fnw, "", format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return got;
 }
-IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+IData VL_SSCANF_IQNX(int lbits, QData ld, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VlWide<VL_WQ_WORDS_E> fnw;
    VL_SET_WQ(fnw, ld);

    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, fnw, "", formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, fnw, "", format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return got;
 }
-IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, const WDataInP lwp, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+IData VL_SSCANF_IWNX(int lbits, const WDataInP lwp, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                     ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, lwp, "", formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, lbits, lwp, "", format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return got;
 }
-IData VL_SSCANF_INX(int, const std::string& ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
+IData VL_SSCANF_INNX(int, const std::string& ld, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                     ...) VL_MT_SAFE {
    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, formatp);
-    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, ld.length() * 8, nullptr, ld, formatp, ap);
+    va_start(ap, argc);
+    const IData got = _vl_vsscanf(nullptr, ld.length() * 8, nullptr, ld, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return got;
 }
@@ -1715,7 +1727,7 @@ std::string VL_STACKTRACE_N() VL_MT_SAFE {
    if (!strings) return "Unable to backtrace\n";

    std::string result = "Backtrace:\n";
-    for (int j = 0; j < nptrs; j++) result += std::string{strings[j]} + std::string{"\n"};
+    for (int j = 0; j < nptrs; j++) result += std::string{strings[j]} + "\n"s;
    free(strings);
    return result;
 }
@@ -1858,13 +1870,13 @@ const char* vl_mc_scan_plusargs(const char* prefixp) VL_MT_SAFE {
 //===========================================================================
 // Heavy string functions

-std::string VL_TO_STRING(CData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_NX("'h%0x", 8, lhs); }
-std::string VL_TO_STRING(SData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_NX("'h%0x", 16, lhs); }
-std::string VL_TO_STRING(IData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_NX("'h%0x", 32, lhs); }
-std::string VL_TO_STRING(QData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_NX("'h%0x", 64, lhs); }
-std::string VL_TO_STRING(double lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_NX("%d", 64, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(CData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 8, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(SData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 16, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(IData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 32, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(QData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 64, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(double lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("%d", 0, 64, lhs); }
 std::string VL_TO_STRING_W(int words, const WDataInP obj) {
-    return VL_SFORMATF_NX("'h%0x", words * VL_EDATASIZE, obj);
+    return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, words * VL_EDATASIZE, obj);
 }

 std::string VL_TOLOWER_NN(const std::string& ld) VL_PURE {
@@ -2420,6 +2432,7 @@ VerilatedContext::VerilatedContext()
    : m_impdatap{new VerilatedContextImpData} {
    Verilated::lastContextp(this);
    Verilated::threadContextp(this);
+    m_ns.m_coverageFilename = "coverage.dat";
    m_ns.m_profExecFilename = "profile_exec.dat";
    m_ns.m_profVltFilename = "profile.vlt";
    m_fdps.resize(31);
@@ -2455,6 +2468,14 @@ void VerilatedContext::calcUnusedSigs(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
    const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
    m_s.m_calcUnusedSigs = flag;
 }
+void VerilatedContext::coverageFilename(const std::string& flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
+    m_ns.m_coverageFilename = flag;
+}
+std::string VerilatedContext::coverageFilename() const VL_MT_SAFE {
+    const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
+    return m_ns.m_coverageFilename;
+}
 void VerilatedContext::dumpfile(const std::string& flag) VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_timeDumpMutex) {
    const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_timeDumpMutex};
    m_dumpfile = flag;
@@ -2683,7 +2704,7 @@ std::pair<int, char**> VerilatedContextImp::argc_argv() VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_ar
        int in = 0;
        for (const auto& i : m_args.m_argVec) {
            s_argvp[in] = new char[i.length() + 1];
-            std::strcpy(s_argvp[in], i.c_str());
+            std::memcpy(s_argvp[in], i.c_str(), i.length() + 1);
            ++in;
        }
        s_argvp[s_argc] = nullptr;
@@ -2695,7 +2716,9 @@ void VerilatedContextImp::commandArgVl(const std::string& arg) {
    if (0 == std::strncmp(arg.c_str(), "+verilator+", std::strlen("+verilator+"))) {
        std::string str;
        uint64_t u64;
-        if (arg == "+verilator+debug") {
+        if (commandArgVlString(arg, "+verilator+coverage+file+", str)) {
+            coverageFilename(str);
+        } else if (arg == "+verilator+debug") {
            Verilated::debug(4);
        } else if (commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+debugi+", u64, 0,
                                      std::numeric_limits<int>::max())) {
@@ -2710,14 +2733,11 @@ void VerilatedContextImp::commandArgVl(const std::string& arg) {
                        "Exiting due to command line argument (not an error)");
        } else if (arg == "+verilator+noassert") {
            assertOn(false);
-        } else if (commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+start+", u64)
-                   || commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+threads+start+", u64)) {
+        } else if (commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+start+", u64)) {
            profExecStart(u64);
-        } else if (commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+window+", u64, 1)
-                   || commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+threads+window+", u64, 1)) {
+        } else if (commandArgVlUint64(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+window+", u64, 1)) {
            profExecWindow(u64);
-        } else if (commandArgVlString(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+file+", str)
-                   || commandArgVlString(arg, "+verilator+prof+threads+file+", str)) {
+        } else if (commandArgVlString(arg, "+verilator+prof+exec+file+", str)) {
            profExecFilename(str);
        } else if (commandArgVlString(arg, "+verilator+prof+vlt+file+", str)) {
            profVltFilename(str);
@@ -2970,7 +2990,7 @@ void Verilated::nullPointerError(const char* filename, int linenum) VL_MT_SAFE {

 void Verilated::overWidthError(const char* signame) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Slowpath - Called only when signal sets too high of a bit
-    const std::string msg = (std::string{"Testbench C set input '"} + signame
+    const std::string msg = ("Testbench C set input '"s + signame
                             + "' to value that overflows what the signal's width can fit");
    VL_FATAL_MT("unknown", 0, "", msg.c_str());
    VL_UNREACHABLE;
@@ -2996,6 +3016,29 @@ void Verilated::scTraceBeforeElaborationError() VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_UNREACHABLE;
 }

+void Verilated::stackCheck(QData needSize) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+    // Slowpath - Called only when constructing
+#ifdef _VL_HAVE_GETRLIMIT
+    QData haveSize = 0;
+    rlimit rlim;
+    if (0 == getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim)) {
+        haveSize = rlim.rlim_cur;
+        if (haveSize == RLIM_INFINITY) haveSize = rlim.rlim_max;
+        if (haveSize == RLIM_INFINITY) haveSize = 0;
+    }
+    // VL_PRINTF_MT("-Info: stackCheck(%" PRIu64 ") have %" PRIu64 "\n", needSize, haveSize);
+    // Check for 1.5x need, but suggest 2x so small model increase won't cause warning
+    // if the user follows the suggestions
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(haveSize && needSize && haveSize < (needSize + needSize / 2))) {
+        VL_PRINTF_MT("%%Warning: System has stack size %" PRIu64 " kb"
+                     " which may be too small; suggest 'ulimit -c %" PRIu64 "' or larger\n",
+                     haveSize / 1024, (needSize * 2) / 1024);
+    }
+#else
+    if (false && needSize) {}  // Unused argument
+#endif
+}
+
 void Verilated::mkdir(const char* dirname) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    ::mkdir(dirname);
@@ -3169,8 +3212,7 @@ void VerilatedScope::varInsert(int finalize, const char* namep, void* datap, boo
        } else {
            // We could have a linked list of ranges, but really this whole thing needs
            // to be generalized to support structs and unions, etc.
-            const std::string msg
-                = std::string{"Unsupported multi-dimensional public varInsert: "} + namep;
+            const std::string msg = "Unsupported multi-dimensional public varInsert: "s + namep;
            VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", msg.c_str());
        }
    }
@@ -3190,10 +3232,9 @@ VerilatedVar* VerilatedScope::varFind(const char* namep) const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTIN

 void* VerilatedScope::exportFindNullError(int funcnum) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Slowpath - Called only when find has failed
-    const std::string msg
-        = (std::string{"Testbench C called '"} + VerilatedImp::exportName(funcnum)
-           + "' but scope wasn't set, perhaps due to dpi import call without "
-           + "'context', or missing svSetScope. See IEEE 1800-2017 35.5.3.");
+    const std::string msg = ("Testbench C called '"s + VerilatedImp::exportName(funcnum)
+                             + "' but scope wasn't set, perhaps due to dpi import call without "
+                             + "'context', or missing svSetScope. See IEEE 1800-2017 35.5.3.");
    VL_FATAL_MT("unknown", 0, "", msg.c_str());
    return nullptr;
 }
@@ -3201,7 +3242,7 @@ void* VerilatedScope::exportFindNullError(int funcnum) VL_MT_SAFE {
 void* VerilatedScope::exportFindError(int funcnum) const VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Slowpath - Called only when find has failed
    const std::string msg
-        = (std::string{"Testbench C called '"} + VerilatedImp::exportName(funcnum)
+        = ("Testbench C called '"s + VerilatedImp::exportName(funcnum)
           + "' but this DPI export function exists only in other scopes, not scope '" + name()
           + "'");
    VL_FATAL_MT("unknown", 0, "", msg.c_str());
@@ -3249,11 +3290,11 @@ void VlDeleter::deleteAll() VL_EXCLUDES(m_mutex) VL_EXCLUDES(m_deleteMutex) VL_M
            VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
            if (m_newGarbage.empty()) break;
            m_deleteMutex.lock();
-            std::swap(m_newGarbage, m_toDelete);
+            std::swap(m_newGarbage, m_deleteNow);
            // m_mutex is unlocked here, so destructors can enqueue new objects
        }
-        for (VlDeletable* const objp : m_toDelete) delete objp;
-        m_toDelete.clear();
+        for (VlDeletable* const objp : m_deleteNow) delete objp;
+        m_deleteNow.clear();
        m_deleteMutex.unlock();
    }
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@
 #endif
 // clang-format on

+using namespace std::literals;  // "<std::string literal>"s; see SF.7 core guideline
+
 //=============================================================================
 // Switches

@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ protected:
    // Slow path variables
    mutable VerilatedMutex m_mutex;  // Mutex for most s_s/s_ns members

-    struct Serialized {  // All these members serialized/deserialized
+    struct Serialized final {  // All these members serialized/deserialized
        // No std::strings or pointers or will serialize badly!
        // Fast path
        bool m_assertOn = true;  // Assertions are enabled
@@ -379,12 +381,13 @@ protected:
    std::string m_timeFormatSuffix VL_GUARDED_BY(m_timeDumpMutex);  // $timeformat printf format
    std::string m_dumpfile VL_GUARDED_BY(m_timeDumpMutex);  // $dumpfile setting

-    struct NonSerialized {  // Non-serialized information
+    struct NonSerialized final {  // Non-serialized information
        // These are reloaded from on command-line settings, so do not need to persist
        // Fast path
        uint64_t m_profExecStart = 1;  // +prof+exec+start time
        uint32_t m_profExecWindow = 2;  // +prof+exec+window size
        // Slow path
+        std::string m_coverageFilename;  // +coverage+file filename
        std::string m_profExecFilename;  // +prof+exec+file filename
        std::string m_profVltFilename;  // +prof+vlt filename
    } m_ns;
@@ -392,7 +395,7 @@ protected:
    mutable VerilatedMutex m_argMutex;  // Protect m_argVec, m_argVecLoaded
    // no need to be save-restored (serialized) the
    // assumption is that the restore is allowed to pass different arguments
-    struct NonSerializedCommandArgs {
+    struct NonSerializedCommandArgs final {
        // Medium speed
        std::vector<std::string> m_argVec;  // Argument list
        bool m_argVecLoaded = false;  // Ever loaded argument list
@@ -576,6 +579,10 @@ public:
    VerilatedVirtualBase*
    enableExecutionProfiler(VerilatedVirtualBase* (*construct)(VerilatedContext&));

+    // Internal: coverage
+    void coverageFilename(const std::string& flag) VL_MT_SAFE;
+    std::string coverageFilename() const VL_MT_SAFE;
+
    // Internal: $dumpfile
    void dumpfile(const std::string& flag) VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_timeDumpMutex);
    std::string dumpfile() const VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_timeDumpMutex);
@@ -627,8 +634,9 @@ class VerilatedScope final {
 public:
    enum Type : uint8_t {
        SCOPE_MODULE,
-        SCOPE_OTHER
-    };  // Type of a scope, currently module is only interesting
+        SCOPE_OTHER,
+        SCOPE_PACKAGE
+    };  // Type of a scope, currently only module and package are interesting
 private:
    // Fastpath:
    VerilatedSyms* m_symsp = nullptr;  // Symbol table
@@ -897,6 +905,7 @@ public:
    static void overWidthError(const char* signame) VL_ATTR_NORETURN VL_MT_SAFE;
    static void scTimePrecisionError(int sc_prec, int vl_prec) VL_ATTR_NORETURN VL_MT_SAFE;
    static void scTraceBeforeElaborationError() VL_ATTR_NORETURN VL_MT_SAFE;
+    static void stackCheck(QData needSize) VL_MT_UNSAFE;

    // Internal: Get and set DPI context
    static const VerilatedScope* dpiScope() VL_MT_SAFE { return t_s.t_dpiScopep; }
@@ -970,6 +979,7 @@ void VerilatedContext::timeprecision(int value) VL_MT_SAFE {
        } else if (sc_res == sc_core::sc_time(1, sc_core::SC_FS)) {
            sc_prec = 15;
        }
+        // SC_AS, SC_ZS, SC_YS not supported as no Verilog equivalent; will error below
 #endif
    }
 #if VM_SC
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ######################################################################
 # DESCRIPTION: Makefile commands for all verilated target files
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@

 # Tool names.
 # These are computed at configuration time, and most are not ?=
-# to avoid picking up potentilly incorrect Make implicit variables
+# to avoid picking up potentially incorrect Make implicit variables
 AR = @AR@
 CXX = @CXX@
 LINK = @CXX@
@@ -101,9 +101,6 @@ LDFLAGS  += $(CFG_LDFLAGS_VERILATED)
 #OPT = -ggdb -DPRINTINITSTR
 CPPFLAGS += $(OPT)

-CPPFLAGS += $(M32)
-LDFLAGS  += $(M32)
-
 # On macOS, specify all weak symbols as dynamic_lookup.
 # Otherwise, you get undefined symbol errors.
 ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Darwin)
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@ ifeq ($(VM_SC),1)
  LDFLAGS  += $(SYSTEMC_CXX_FLAGS) $(addprefix -L, $(SYSTEMC_LIBDIR))
  SC_LIBS   = -lsystemc
 ifneq ($(wildcard $(SYSTEMC_LIBDIR)/*numeric_bit*),)
-  # Systemc 1.2.1beta
+  # SystemC 1.2.1beta
  SC_LIBS   += -lnumeric_bit -lqt
 endif
 endif
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ private:
    using ItemList = std::deque<VerilatedCovImpItem*>;

    // MEMBERS
+    VerilatedContext* const m_contextp;  // Context VerilatedCovImp is pointed-to by
    mutable VerilatedMutex m_mutex;  // Protects all members
    ValueIndexMap m_valueIndexes VL_GUARDED_BY(m_mutex);  // Unique arbitrary value for values
    IndexValueMap m_indexValues VL_GUARDED_BY(m_mutex);  // Unique arbitrary value for keys
@@ -120,7 +121,8 @@ private:

 public:
    // CONSTRUCTORS
-    VerilatedCovImp() = default;
+    VerilatedCovImp(VerilatedContext* contextp)
+        : m_contextp{contextp} {}
    VL_UNCOPYABLE(VerilatedCovImp);

 protected:
@@ -166,11 +168,11 @@ private:
                                         const std::string& value) VL_PURE {
        std::string name;
        if (key.length() == 1 && std::isalpha(key[0])) {
-            name += std::string{"\001"} + key;
+            name += "\001"s + key;
        } else {
-            name += std::string{"\001"} + dequote(key);
+            name += "\001"s + dequote(key);
        }
-        name += std::string{"\002"} + dequote(value);
+        name += "\002"s + dequote(value);
        return name;
    }
    static std::string combineHier(const std::string& old, const std::string& add) VL_PURE {
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ private:
        std::string result = prefix + "*" + suffix;

        // std::cout << "\nch pre=" << prefix << "  s=" << suffix << "\nch a="
-        // << old << "\nch b=" << add << "\ncho=" << result << std::endl;
+        // << old << "\nch b=" << add << "\ncho=" << result << "\n";
        return result;
    }
    bool itemMatchesString(VerilatedCovImpItem* itemp, const std::string& match)
@@ -253,6 +255,7 @@ private:

 public:
    // PUBLIC METHODS
+    std::string defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE { return m_contextp->coverageFilename(); }
    void forcePerInstance(const bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_mutex) {
        Verilated::quiesce();
        const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
@@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ public:
        // First two key/vals are filename
        ckeyps[0] = "filename";
        valps[0] = m_insertFilenamep;
-        const std::string linestr = vlCovCvtToStr(m_insertLineno);
+        const std::string linestr = std::to_string(m_insertLineno);
        ckeyps[1] = "lineno";
        valps[1] = linestr.c_str();
        // Default page if not specified
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@ public:
            const std::string key = keys[i];
            if (!keys[i].empty()) {
                const std::string val = valps[i];
-                // std::cout << "   " << __FUNCTION__ << "  " << key << " = " << val << std::endl;
+                // std::cout << "   " << __FUNCTION__ << "  " << key << " = " << val << "\n";
                m_insertp->m_keys[addKeynum] = valueIndex(key);
                m_insertp->m_vals[addKeynum] = valueIndex(val);
                ++addKeynum;
@@ -354,14 +357,14 @@ public:
        m_insertp = nullptr;
    }

-    void write(const char* filename) VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_mutex) {
+    void write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE_EXCLUDES(m_mutex) {
        Verilated::quiesce();
        const VerilatedLockGuard lock{m_mutex};
        selftest();

        std::ofstream os{filename};
        if (os.fail()) {
-            const std::string msg = std::string{"%Error: Can't write '"} + filename + "'";
+            const std::string msg = "%Error: Can't write '"s + filename + "'";
            VL_FATAL_MT("", 0, "", msg.c_str());
            return;
        }
@@ -426,6 +429,7 @@ public:
 //=============================================================================
 // VerilatedCovContext

+std::string VerilatedCovContext::defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE { return impp()->defaultFilename(); }
 void VerilatedCovContext::forcePerInstance(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
    impp()->forcePerInstance(flag);
 }
@@ -434,7 +438,9 @@ void VerilatedCovContext::clearNonMatch(const char* matchp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    impp()->clearNonMatch(matchp);
 }
 void VerilatedCovContext::zero() VL_MT_SAFE { impp()->zero(); }
-void VerilatedCovContext::write(const char* filenamep) VL_MT_SAFE { impp()->write(filenamep); }
+void VerilatedCovContext::write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    impp()->write(filename);
+}
 void VerilatedCovContext::_inserti(uint32_t* itemp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    impp()->inserti(new VerilatedCoverItemSpec<uint32_t>{itemp});
 }
@@ -484,8 +490,8 @@ void VerilatedCovContext::_insertp(A(0), A(1), A(2), A(3), A(4), A(5), A(6), A(7
 // Backward compatibility for Verilator
 void VerilatedCovContext::_insertp(A(0), A(1), K(2), int val2, K(3), int val3, K(4),
                                   const std::string& val4, A(5), A(6), A(7)) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    std::string val2str = vlCovCvtToStr(val2);
-    std::string val3str = vlCovCvtToStr(val3);
+    const std::string val2str = std::to_string(val2);
+    const std::string val3str = std::to_string(val3);
    _insertp(C(0), C(1), key2, val2str.c_str(), key3, val3str.c_str(), key4, val4.c_str(), C(5),
             C(6), C(7), N(8), N(9), N(10), N(11), N(12), N(13), N(14), N(15), N(16), N(17), N(18),
             N(19), N(20), N(21), N(22), N(23), N(24), N(25), N(26), N(27), N(28), N(29));
@@ -516,7 +522,7 @@ VerilatedCovContext* VerilatedContext::coveragep() VL_MT_SAFE {
        const VerilatedLockGuard lock{s_mutex};
        // cppcheck-suppress identicalInnerCondition
        if (VL_LIKELY(!m_coveragep)) {  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE // Not redundant, prevents race
-            m_coveragep.reset(new VerilatedCovImp);
+            m_coveragep.reset(new VerilatedCovImp{this});
        }
    }
    return reinterpret_cast<VerilatedCovContext*>(m_coveragep.get());
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -63,26 +63,18 @@ class VerilatedCovImp;
 ///         for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) m_cases[i] = 0;
 ///         // Insert
 ///         for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
-///             VL_COVER_INSERT(&m_cases[i], "comment", "Coverage Case", "i", cvtToNumStr(i));
+///             VL_COVER_INSERT(covp, name(), &m_cases[i], "comment", "Coverage Case",
+///                             "i", cvtToNumStr(i));
 ///     }

-#define VL_COVER_INSERT(covcontextp, countp, ...) \
+#define VL_COVER_INSERT(covcontextp, name, countp, ...) \
    do { \
-        covcontextp->_inserti(countp); \
-        covcontextp->_insertf(__FILE__, __LINE__); \
-        covcontextp->_insertp("hier", name(), __VA_ARGS__); \
+        auto const ccontextp = covcontextp; \
+        ccontextp->_inserti(countp); \
+        ccontextp->_insertf(__FILE__, __LINE__); \
+        ccontextp->_insertp("hier", name, __VA_ARGS__); \
    } while (false)

-//=============================================================================
-// Convert VL_COVER_INSERT value arguments to strings, is \internal
-
-template <class T>
-std::string vlCovCvtToStr(const T& t) VL_PURE {
-    std::ostringstream os;
-    os << t;
-    return os.str();
-}
-
 //=============================================================================
 //  VerilatedCov
 /// Per-VerilatedContext coverage data class.
@@ -96,12 +88,13 @@ class VerilatedCovContext VL_NOT_FINAL : public VerilatedVirtualBase {

 public:
    // METHODS
-    /// Return default filename
-    static const char* defaultFilename() VL_PURE { return "coverage.dat"; }
+    /// Return default filename, may override with +verilator+coverage+file
+    std::string defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE;
    /// Make all data per_instance, overriding point's per_instance
    void forcePerInstance(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE;
    /// Write all coverage data to a file
-    void write(const char* filenamep = defaultFilename()) VL_MT_SAFE;
+    void write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE;
+    void write() VL_MT_SAFE { write(defaultFilename()); }
    /// Clear coverage points (and call delete on all items)
    void clear() VL_MT_SAFE;
    /// Clear items not matching the provided string
@@ -170,11 +163,10 @@ class VerilatedCov final {
 public:
    // METHODS
    /// Return default filename for the current thread
-    static const char* defaultFilename() VL_PURE { return VerilatedCovContext::defaultFilename(); }
+    static std::string defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE { return threadCovp()->defaultFilename(); }
    /// Write all coverage data to a file for the current thread
-    static void write(const char* filenamep = defaultFilename()) VL_MT_SAFE {
-        threadCovp()->write(filenamep);
-    }
+    static void write(const std::string filename) VL_MT_SAFE { threadCovp()->write(filename); }
+    static void write() VL_MT_SAFE { write(defaultFilename()); }
    /// Clear coverage points (and call delete on all items) for the current thread
    static void clear() VL_MT_SAFE { threadCovp()->clear(); }
    /// Clear items not matching the provided string for the current thread
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2009-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2009-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 // GTKWave configuration
 #define HAVE_LIBPTHREAD
 #define FST_WRITER_PARALLEL
+#define LZ4_DISABLE_DEPRECATE_WARNINGS

 // Include the GTKWave implementation directly
 #define FST_CONFIG_INCLUDE "fst_config.h"
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ void VerilatedFst::declare(uint32_t code, const char* name, int dtypenum,

    if (dtypenum > 0) fstWriterEmitEnumTableRef(m_fst, m_local2fstdtype[dtypenum]);

-    fstVarDir varDir;
+    fstVarDir varDir = FST_VD_IMPLICIT;
    switch (direction) {
    case VerilatedTraceSigDirection::INOUT: varDir = FST_VD_INOUT; break;
    case VerilatedTraceSigDirection::OUTPUT: varDir = FST_VD_OUTPUT; break;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public:
    /// Return if file is open
    bool isOpen() const VL_MT_SAFE { return m_sptrace.isOpen(); }
    /// Open a new FST file
-    void open(const char* filename) VL_MT_SAFE { m_sptrace.open(filename); }
+    virtual void open(const char* filename) VL_MT_SAFE { m_sptrace.open(filename); }
    /// Close dump
    void close() VL_MT_SAFE { m_sptrace.close(); }
    /// Flush dump
@@ -230,12 +230,12 @@ public:

    // Set time units (s/ms, defaults to ns)
    // Users should not need to call this, as for Verilated models, these
-    // propage from the Verilated default timeunit
+    // propagate from the Verilated default timeunit
    void set_time_unit(const char* unitp) VL_MT_SAFE { m_sptrace.set_time_unit(unitp); }
    void set_time_unit(const std::string& unit) VL_MT_SAFE { m_sptrace.set_time_unit(unit); }
    // Set time resolution (s/ms, defaults to ns)
    // Users should not need to call this, as for Verilated models, these
-    // propage from the Verilated default timeprecision
+    // propagate from the Verilated default timeprecision
    void set_time_resolution(const char* unitp) VL_MT_SAFE {
        m_sptrace.set_time_resolution(unitp);
    }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // THIS MODULE IS PUBLICLY LICENSED
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // -*- mode: C++; c-file-style: "cc-mode" -*-
 //=============================================================================
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 /// \file
 /// \brief Verilated tracing in FST format for SystemC header
 ///
-/// User wrapper code should use this header when creating FST SystemC
-/// traces.
+/// User wrapper code should use this header when creating FST SystemC traces.
 ///
 /// This class is not threadsafe, as the SystemC kernel is not threadsafe.
 ///
@@ -25,115 +24,33 @@
 #include "verilatedos.h"

 #include "verilated_fst_c.h"
-#include "verilated_sc.h"
-
-#include <string>
+#include "verilated_sc_trace.h"

 //=============================================================================
 // VerilatedFstSc
-///
-/// Class representing a Verilator-friendly FST trace format registered
-/// with the SystemC simulation kernel, just like a SystemC-documented
-/// trace format.
+/// Trace file used to create FST dump for SystemC version of Verilated models. It's very similar
+/// to its C version (see the class VerilatedFstC)

-class VerilatedFstSc final : sc_core::sc_trace_file, public VerilatedFstC {
+class VerilatedFstSc final : VerilatedScTraceBase, public VerilatedFstC {
    // CONSTRUCTORS
    VL_UNCOPYABLE(VerilatedFstSc);

 public:
-    /// Construct a SC trace object, and register with the SystemC kernel
    VerilatedFstSc() {
-        sc_core::sc_get_curr_simcontext()->add_trace_file(this);
-        // We want to avoid a depreciated warning, but still be back compatible.
-        // Turning off the message just for this still results in an
-        // annoying "to turn off" message.
-        const sc_core::sc_time t1sec{1, sc_core::SC_SEC};
-        if (t1sec.to_default_time_units() != 0) {
-            const sc_core::sc_time tunits{1.0 / t1sec.to_default_time_units(), sc_core::SC_SEC};
-            spTrace()->set_time_unit(tunits.to_string());
-        }
-        spTrace()->set_time_resolution(sc_core::sc_get_time_resolution().to_string());
-    }
-    /// Destruct, flush, and close the dump
-    ~VerilatedFstSc() override { close(); }
-
-    // METHODS - for SC kernel
-    // Called by SystemC simulate()
-    void cycle(bool delta_cycle) override {
-        if (!delta_cycle) this->dump(sc_core::sc_time_stamp().to_double());
+        spTrace()->set_time_unit(VerilatedScTraceBase::getScTimeUnit());
+        spTrace()->set_time_resolution(VerilatedScTraceBase::getScTimeResolution());
    }

+    // METHODS
    // Override VerilatedFstC. Must be called after starting simulation.
-    // Note: this is not a virtual function in the base class, so no 'override'
-    virtual void open(const char* filename) VL_MT_SAFE {
-        if (VL_UNLIKELY(!sc_core::sc_get_curr_simcontext()->elaboration_done())) {
-            Verilated::scTraceBeforeElaborationError();
-        }
+    void open(const char* filename) override VL_MT_SAFE {
+        VerilatedScTraceBase::checkScElaborationDone();
        VerilatedFstC::open(filename);
    }

-private:
-    // METHODS - Fake outs for linker
-
-#ifdef NC_SYSTEMC
-    // Cadence Incisive has these as abstract functions so we must create them
-    void set_time_unit(int exponent10_seconds) override {}  // deprecated
-#endif
-    void set_time_unit(double v, sc_core::sc_time_unit tu) override {}  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
-
-    //--------------------------------------------------
-    // SystemC 2.1.v1
-
-    void write_comment(const std::string&) override {}
-    void trace(const unsigned int&, const std::string&, const char**) override {}
-
-#define DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A(tp) \
-    void trace(const tp& object, const std::string& name) override {}
-#define DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B(tp) \
-    void trace(const tp& object, const std::string& name, int width) override {}
-
-    // clang-format off
-    // Formatting matches that of sc_trace.h
-    // LCOV_EXCL_START
-#if (SYSTEMC_VERSION >= 20171012)
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_core::sc_event )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_core::sc_time )
-#endif
-
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( bool )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_bit )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_logic )
-
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( unsigned char )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( unsigned short )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( unsigned int )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( unsigned long )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( char )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( short )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( int )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( long )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( sc_dt::int64 )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B( sc_dt::uint64 )
-
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( float )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( double )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_int_base )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_uint_base )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_signed )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_unsigned )
-
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_fxval )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_fxval_fast )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_fxnum )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_fxnum_fast )
-
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_bv_base )
-    DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A( sc_dt::sc_lv_base )
-    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
-    // clang-format on
-
-#undef DECL_TRACE_METHOD_A
-#undef DECL_TRACE_METHOD_B
+    // METHODS - for SC kernel
+    // Called from SystemC kernel
+    void cycle() override { VerilatedFstC::dump(sc_core::sc_time_stamp().to_double()); }
 };

 #endif  // Guard
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -125,19 +125,27 @@ extern void VL_FCLOSE_I(IData fdi) VL_MT_SAFE;
 extern IData VL_FREAD_I(int width, int array_lsb, int array_size, void* memp, IData fpi,
                        IData start, IData count) VL_MT_SAFE;

-extern void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_FWRITEF(IData fpi, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_WRITEF_NX(const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_FWRITEF_NX(IData fpi, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;

-extern IData VL_FSCANF_IX(IData fpi, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, WDataInP const lwp, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern IData VL_FSCANF_INX(IData fpi, const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IINX(int lbits, IData ld, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                            ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IQNX(int lbits, QData ld, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                            ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IWNX(int lbits, WDataInP const lwp, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                            ...) VL_MT_SAFE;

-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, CData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, SData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, IData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, QData& destr, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits, void* destp, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, CData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                          ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, SData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                          ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, IData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                          ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, QData& destr, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                          ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits, void* destp, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                          ...) VL_MT_SAFE;

 extern void VL_STACKTRACE() VL_MT_SAFE;
 extern std::string VL_STACKTRACE_N() VL_MT_SAFE;
@@ -284,6 +292,8 @@ inline uint64_t vl_time_stamp64() VL_MT_SAFE {
 # endif
 #endif

+// clang-format on
+
 uint64_t VerilatedContext::time() const VL_MT_SAFE {
    // When using non-default context, fastest path is return time
    if (VL_LIKELY(m_s.m_time)) return m_s.m_time;
@@ -303,7 +313,8 @@ uint64_t VerilatedContext::time() const VL_MT_SAFE {
 // Time scaled from 1-per-precision into a module's time units ("Unit"-ed, not "United")
 // Optimized assuming scale is always constant.
 // Can't use multiply in Q flavor, as might lose precision
-#define VL_TIME_UNITED_Q(scale) (VL_TIME_Q() / static_cast<QData>(scale))
+#define VL_TIME_ROUND(t, p) (((t) + ((p) / 2)) / (p))
+#define VL_TIME_UNITED_Q(scale) VL_TIME_ROUND(VL_TIME_Q(), static_cast<QData>(scale))
 #define VL_TIME_UNITED_D(scale) (VL_TIME_D() / static_cast<double>(scale))

 // Return time precision as multiplier of time units
@@ -311,25 +322,6 @@ double vl_time_multiplier(int scale) VL_PURE;
 // Return power of 10. e.g. returns 100 if n==2
 uint64_t vl_time_pow10(int n) VL_PURE;

-#ifdef VL_DEBUG
-/// Evaluate statement if VL_DEBUG defined
-# define VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(stmt) \
-    do { \
-        stmt \
-    } while (false)
-/// Evaluate statement if VL_DEBUG defined and Verilated::debug() enabled
-# define VL_DEBUG_IF(stmt) \
-    do { \
-        if (VL_UNLIKELY(Verilated::debug())) {stmt} \
-    } while (false)
-#else
-// We intentionally do not compile the stmt to improve compile speed
-# define VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(stmt) do {} while (false)
-# define VL_DEBUG_IF(stmt) do {} while (false)
-#endif
-
-// clang-format on
-
 //=========================================================================
 // Functional macros/routines
 // These all take the form
@@ -342,6 +334,19 @@ uint64_t vl_time_pow10(int n) VL_PURE;
 //===================================================================
 // SETTING OPERATORS

+VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE
+static WDataOutP VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(WDataOutP owp, int words) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    return static_cast<WDataOutP>(std::memset(owp, 0, words * sizeof(EData)));
+}
+VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE
+static WDataOutP VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(WDataOutP owp, int words) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    return static_cast<WDataOutP>(std::memset(owp, 0xff, words * sizeof(EData)));
+}
+VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE
+static WDataOutP VL_MEMCPY_W(WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const iwp, int words) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    return static_cast<WDataOutP>(std::memcpy(owp, iwp, words * sizeof(EData)));
+}
+
 // Output clean
 // EMIT_RULE: VL_CLEAN:  oclean=clean; obits=lbits;
 #define VL_CLEAN_II(obits, lbits, lhs) ((lhs) & (VL_MASK_I(obits)))
@@ -356,18 +361,16 @@ static inline WDataOutP _vl_clean_inplace_w(int obits, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CLEAN_WW(int obits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
-    for (int i = 0; (i < (words - 1)); ++i) owp[i] = lwp[i];
+    VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, lwp, words - 1);
    owp[words - 1] = lwp[words - 1] & VL_MASK_E(obits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_ZERO_W(int obits, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
-    for (int i = 0; i < words; ++i) owp[i] = 0;
-    return owp;
+    return VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp, VL_WORDS_I(obits));
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_ALLONES_W(int obits, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
-    for (int i = 0; i < (words - 1); ++i) owp[i] = ~VL_EUL(0);
+    VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(owp, words - 1);
    owp[words - 1] = VL_MASK_E(obits);
    return owp;
 }
@@ -376,9 +379,7 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_ALLONES_W(int obits, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE {
 // For now, we always have a clean rhs.
 // Note: If a ASSIGN isn't clean, use VL_ASSIGNCLEAN instead to do the same thing.
 static inline WDataOutP VL_ASSIGN_W(int obits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
-    for (int i = 0; i < words; ++i) owp[i] = lwp[i];
-    return owp;
+    return VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, lwp, VL_WORDS_I(obits));
 }

 // EMIT_RULE: VL_ASSIGNBIT:  rclean=clean;
@@ -519,6 +520,7 @@ static inline void VL_ASSIGNBIT_WO(int bit, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE {
            const uint32_t msb_data = VL_SEL_IWII((obits) + 1, (rwp).data(), lsb, (obits)-lsb); \
            *chunkp = msb_data & VL_MASK_E((obits)-lsb); \
        } \
+        _butemp.set(0, *(rwp).data() & 1); /* force update the sign */ \
        (svar).write(_butemp); \
    }

@@ -536,19 +538,20 @@ static inline void VL_ASSIGNBIT_WO(int bit, WDataOutP owp) VL_MT_SAFE {
 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTEND_WI(int obits, int, WDataOutP owp, IData ld) VL_MT_SAFE {
    // Note for extracts that obits != lbits
    owp[0] = ld;
-    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTEND_WQ(int obits, int, WDataOutP owp, QData ld) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_SET_WQ(owp, ld);
-    for (int i = VL_WQ_WORDS_E; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTEND_WW(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
                                     WDataInP const lwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(lbits); ++i) owp[i] = lwp[i];
-    for (int i = VL_WORDS_I(lbits); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
-    return owp;
+    const int lwords = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    VL_PREFETCH_RD(lwp);
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + lwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - lwords);
+    return VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, lwp, lwords);
 }

 // EMIT_RULE: VL_EXTENDS:  oclean=*dirty*; obits=lbits;
@@ -564,26 +567,37 @@ static inline QData VL_EXTENDS_QQ(int, int lbits, QData lhs) VL_PURE {
 }

 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTENDS_WI(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp, IData ld) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const EData sign = VL_SIGNONES_E(lbits, static_cast<EData>(ld));
-    owp[0] = ld | (sign & ~VL_MASK_E(lbits));
-    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = sign;
+    owp[0] = ld;
+    if (VL_SIGN_E(lbits, owp[0])) {
+        owp[0] |= ~VL_MASK_E(lbits);
+        VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
+    } else {
+        VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
+    }
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTENDS_WQ(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp, QData ld) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_SET_WQ(owp, ld);
-    const EData sign = VL_SIGNONES_E(lbits, owp[1]);
-    owp[1] |= sign & ~VL_MASK_E(lbits);
-    for (int i = VL_WQ_WORDS_E; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = sign;
+    if (VL_SIGN_E(lbits, owp[1])) {
+        owp[1] |= ~VL_MASK_E(lbits);
+        VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
+    } else {
+        VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
+    }
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_EXTENDS_WW(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
                                      WDataInP const lwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(lbits) - 1; ++i) owp[i] = lwp[i];
-    const int lmsw = VL_WORDS_I(lbits) - 1;
-    const EData sign = VL_SIGNONES_E(lbits, lwp[lmsw]);
-    owp[lmsw] = lwp[lmsw] | (sign & ~VL_MASK_E(lbits));
-    for (int i = VL_WORDS_I(lbits); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = sign;
-    return owp;
+    const int lwords = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    VL_PREFETCH_RD(lwp);
+    owp[lwords - 1] = lwp[lwords - 1];
+    if (VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[lwords - 1])) {
+        owp[lwords - 1] |= ~VL_MASK_E(lbits);
+        VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(owp + lwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - lwords);
+    } else {
+        VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + lwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - lwords);
+    }
+    return VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, lwp, lwords - 1);
 }

 //===================================================================
@@ -1028,6 +1042,7 @@ static inline QData VL_MULS_QQQ(int lbits, QData lhs, QData rhs) VL_PURE {
 static inline WDataOutP VL_MULS_WWW(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp,
                                    WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(words <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
    WData lwstore[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
@@ -1098,21 +1113,22 @@ static inline QData VL_MODDIVS_QQQ(int lbits, QData lhs, QData rhs) VL_PURE {

 static inline WDataOutP VL_DIVS_WWW(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp,
                                    WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
-    const EData lsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[words - 1]);
-    const EData rsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, rwp[words - 1]);
+    const int lwords = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    const EData lsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[lwords - 1]);
+    const EData rsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, rwp[lwords - 1]);
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(lwords <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
    WData lwstore[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
    WData rwstore[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];
    WDataInP ltup = lwp;
    WDataInP rtup = rwp;
-    if (lsign) ltup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), lwstore, lwp));
-    if (rsign) rtup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), rwstore, rwp));
+    if (lsign) ltup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, lwstore, lwp));
+    if (rsign) rtup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, rwstore, rwp));
    if ((lsign && !rsign) || (!lsign && rsign)) {
        WData qNoSign[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];
        VL_DIV_WWW(lbits, qNoSign, ltup, rtup);
-        _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), owp, qNoSign));
+        _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, owp, qNoSign));
        return owp;
    } else {
        return VL_DIV_WWW(lbits, owp, ltup, rtup);
@@ -1120,21 +1136,22 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_DIVS_WWW(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_MODDIVS_WWW(int lbits, WDataOutP owp, WDataInP const lwp,
                                       WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
-    const EData lsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[words - 1]);
-    const EData rsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, rwp[words - 1]);
+    const int lwords = VL_WORDS_I(lbits);
+    const EData lsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[lwords - 1]);
+    const EData rsign = VL_SIGN_E(lbits, rwp[lwords - 1]);
+    VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(lwords <= VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS););
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
    WData lwstore[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];  // Fixed size, as MSVC++ doesn't allow [words] here
    // cppcheck-suppress variableScope
    WData rwstore[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];
    WDataInP ltup = lwp;
    WDataInP rtup = rwp;
-    if (lsign) ltup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), lwstore, lwp));
-    if (rsign) rtup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), rwstore, rwp));
+    if (lsign) ltup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, lwstore, lwp));
+    if (rsign) rtup = _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, rwstore, rwp));
    if (lsign) {  // Only dividend sign matters for modulus
        WData qNoSign[VL_MULS_MAX_WORDS];
        VL_MODDIV_WWW(lbits, qNoSign, ltup, rtup);
-        _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(VL_WORDS_I(lbits), owp, qNoSign));
+        _vl_clean_inplace_w(lbits, VL_NEGATE_W(lwords, owp, qNoSign));
        return owp;
    } else {
        return VL_MODDIV_WWW(lbits, owp, ltup, rtup);
@@ -1258,6 +1275,7 @@ static inline void _vl_insert_QQ(QData& lhsr, QData ld, int hbit, int lbit, int
 }
 static inline void _vl_insert_WI(WDataOutP iowp, IData ld, int hbit, int lbit,
                                 int rbits = 0) VL_MT_SAFE {
+    // Insert value ld into iowp at bit slice [hbit:lbit]. iowp is rbits wide.
    const int hoffset = VL_BITBIT_E(hbit);
    const int loffset = VL_BITBIT_E(lbit);
    const int roffset = VL_BITBIT_E(rbits);
@@ -1268,7 +1286,7 @@ static inline void _vl_insert_WI(WDataOutP iowp, IData ld, int hbit, int lbit,

    if (hoffset == VL_SIZEBITS_E && loffset == 0) {
        // Fast and common case, word based insertion
-        iowp[VL_BITWORD_E(lbit)] = ld & cleanmask;
+        iowp[lword] = ld & cleanmask;
    } else {
        const EData lde = static_cast<EData>(ld);
        if (hword == lword) {  // know < EData bits because above checks it
@@ -1281,8 +1299,12 @@ static inline void _vl_insert_WI(WDataOutP iowp, IData ld, int hbit, int lbit,
            const EData linsmask = (VL_MASK_E((VL_EDATASIZE - 1) - loffset + 1)) << loffset;
            const int nbitsonright = VL_EDATASIZE - loffset;  // bits that end up in lword
            iowp[lword] = (iowp[lword] & ~linsmask) | ((lde << loffset) & linsmask);
-            iowp[hword]
-                = (iowp[hword] & ~hinsmask) | ((lde >> nbitsonright) & (hinsmask & cleanmask));
+            // Prevent unsafe write where lword was final writable location and hword is
+            // out-of-bounds.
+            if (VL_LIKELY(!(hword == rword && roffset == 0))) {
+                iowp[hword]
+                    = (iowp[hword] & ~hinsmask) | ((lde >> nbitsonright) & (hinsmask & cleanmask));
+            }
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1566,63 +1588,66 @@ static inline QData VL_DYN_TO_Q(const VlQueue<T>& q, int elem_size) {
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WII(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, IData ld,
                                      IData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    owp[0] = rd;
-    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
    _vl_insert_WI(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WWI(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp,
                                      WDataInP const lwp, IData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    owp[0] = rd;
-    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
    _vl_insert_WW(owp, lwp, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WIW(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, IData ld,
                                      WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(rbits); ++i) owp[i] = rwp[i];
-    for (int i = VL_WORDS_I(rbits); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    const int rwords = VL_WORDS_I(rbits);
+    VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, rwp, rwords);
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + rwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - rwords);
    _vl_insert_WI(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WIQ(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, IData ld,
                                      QData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_SET_WQ(owp, rd);
-    for (int i = VL_WQ_WORDS_E; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
    _vl_insert_WI(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WQI(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, QData ld,
                                      IData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    owp[0] = rd;
-    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
    _vl_insert_WQ(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WQQ(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, QData ld,
                                      QData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_SET_WQ(owp, rd);
-    for (int i = VL_WQ_WORDS_E; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
    _vl_insert_WQ(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WWQ(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp,
                                      WDataInP const lwp, QData rd) VL_MT_SAFE {
    VL_SET_WQ(owp, rd);
-    for (int i = VL_WQ_WORDS_E; i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + VL_WQ_WORDS_E, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - VL_WQ_WORDS_E);
    _vl_insert_WW(owp, lwp, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WQW(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp, QData ld,
                                      WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(rbits); ++i) owp[i] = rwp[i];
-    for (int i = VL_WORDS_I(rbits); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    const int rwords = VL_WORDS_I(rbits);
+    VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, rwp, rwords);
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + rwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - rwords);
    _vl_insert_WQ(owp, ld, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
 static inline WDataOutP VL_CONCAT_WWW(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOutP owp,
                                      WDataInP const lwp, WDataInP const rwp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(rbits); ++i) owp[i] = rwp[i];
-    for (int i = VL_WORDS_I(rbits); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) owp[i] = 0;
+    const int rwords = VL_WORDS_I(rbits);
+    VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, rwp, rwords);
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + rwords, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - rwords);
    _vl_insert_WW(owp, lwp, rbits + lbits - 1, rbits);
    return owp;
 }
@@ -1846,10 +1871,13 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_SHIFTRS_WWW(int obits, int lbits, int rbits, WDataOut
    EData overshift = 0;  // Huge shift 1>>32 or more
    for (int i = 1; i < VL_WORDS_I(rbits); ++i) overshift |= rwp[i];
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(overshift || rwp[0] >= static_cast<IData>(obits))) {
-        const int lmsw = VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1;
-        const EData sign = VL_SIGNONES_E(lbits, lwp[lmsw]);
-        for (int j = 0; j <= lmsw; ++j) owp[j] = sign;
-        owp[lmsw] &= VL_MASK_E(lbits);
+        const int owords = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
+        if (VL_SIGN_E(lbits, lwp[owords - 1])) {
+            VL_MEMSET_ONES_W(owp, owords);
+            owp[owords - 1] &= VL_MASK_E(lbits);
+        } else {
+            VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp, owords);
+        }
        return owp;
    }
    return VL_SHIFTRS_WWI(obits, lbits, 32, owp, lwp, rwp[0]);
@@ -2060,9 +2088,7 @@ static inline void VL_ASSIGNSEL_WW(int rbits, int obits, int lsb, WDataOutP iowp

 static inline WDataOutP VL_COND_WIWW(int obits, WDataOutP owp, int cond, WDataInP const w1p,
                                     WDataInP const w2p) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    const int words = VL_WORDS_I(obits);
-    for (int i = 0; i < words; ++i) owp[i] = cond ? w1p[i] : w2p[i];
-    return owp;
+    return VL_MEMCPY_W(owp, cond ? w1p : w2p, VL_WORDS_I(obits));
 }

 //======================================================================
@@ -2075,7 +2101,7 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_COND_WIWW(int obits, WDataOutP owp, int cond, WDataIn
 // If changing the number of functions here, also change EMITCINLINES_NUM_CONSTW

 #define VL_C_END_(obits, wordsSet) \
-    for (int i = (wordsSet); i < VL_WORDS_I(obits); ++i) o[i] = 0; \
+    VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(o + (wordsSet), VL_WORDS_I(obits) - (wordsSet)); \
    return o

 // clang-format off
@@ -2273,10 +2299,11 @@ extern void VL_READMEM_N(bool hex, int bits, QData depth, int array_lsb,
 extern void VL_WRITEMEM_N(bool hex, int bits, QData depth, int array_lsb,
                          const std::string& filename, const void* memp, QData start,
                          QData end) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern IData VL_SSCANF_INX(int lbits, const std::string& ld, const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern void VL_SFORMAT_X(int obits_ignored, std::string& output, const char* formatp,
-                         ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
-extern std::string VL_SFORMATF_NX(const char* formatp, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_INNX(int lbits, const std::string& ld, const std::string& format, int argc,
+                            ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern void VL_SFORMAT_NX(int obits_ignored, std::string& output, const std::string& format,
+                          int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
+extern std::string VL_SFORMATF_N_NX(const std::string& format, int argc, ...) VL_MT_SAFE;
 extern void VL_TIMEFORMAT_IINI(int units, int precision, const std::string& suffix, int width,
                               VerilatedContext* contextp) VL_MT_SAFE;
 extern IData VL_VALUEPLUSARGS_INW(int rbits, const std::string& ld, WDataOutP rwp) VL_MT_SAFE;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2009-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2009-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class VerilatedScope;
 class VerilatedMsg final {
 public:
    // TYPES
-    struct Cmp {
+    struct Cmp final {
        bool operator()(const VerilatedMsg& a, const VerilatedMsg& b) const {
            return a.mtaskId() < b.mtaskId();
        }
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class VerilatedContextImp final : VerilatedContext {
    // Internal note: Globals may multi-construct, see verilated.cpp top.

    // Medium speed, so uses singleton accessing
-    struct Statics {
+    struct Statics final {
        VerilatedMutex s_randMutex;  // Mutex protecting s_randSeedEpoch
        // Number incrementing on each reseed, 0=illegal
        int s_randSeedEpoch = 1;  // Reads ok, wish had a VL_WRITE_GUARDED_BY(s_randMutex)
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public:  // But only for verilated*.cpp
            std::fill(m_fdps.begin() + start, m_fdps.end(), static_cast<FILE*>(nullptr));
            m_fdFree.resize(excess);
            for (std::size_t i = 0, id = start; i < m_fdFree.size(); ++i, ++id) {
-                m_fdFree[i] = id;
+                m_fdFree[i] = static_cast<IData>(id);
            }
        }
        const IData idx = m_fdFree.back();
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ public:
        const VerilatedLockGuard lock{s().m_exportMutex};
        const auto& it = s().m_exportMap.find(namep);
        if (VL_LIKELY(it != s().m_exportMap.end())) return it->second;
-        const std::string msg = (std::string{"%Error: Testbench C called "} + namep
+        const std::string msg = ("%Error: Testbench C called "s + namep
                                 + " but no such DPI export function name exists in ANY model");
        VL_FATAL_MT("unknown", 0, "", msg.c_str());
        return -1;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2012-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2012-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ VerilatedVirtualBase* VlExecutionProfiler::construct(VerilatedContext& context)
    if (VlThreadPool* const threadPoolp = static_cast<VlThreadPool*>(context.threadPoolp())) {
        for (int i = 0; i < threadPoolp->numThreads(); ++i) {
            // Data to pass to worker thread initialization
-            struct Data {
+            struct Data final {
                VlExecutionProfiler* const selfp;
                const uint32_t threadId;
            } data{selfp, static_cast<uint32_t>(i + 1)};
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2012-2023 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2012-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More