Cppcheck fixes in vvp

SV: chained method calls a().b()

.github/test.sh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-echo "Using the bundled ivtest to run regression tests."
-echo " pwd = $(pwd)"
-
-cd ivtest
-
-status=0
-
-perl vvp_reg.pl || status=1
-
-if [ "x$1" = "xno-pli1" ] ; then
-    perl vpi_reg.pl || status=1
-else
-    perl vpi_reg.pl --with-pli1 || status=1
-fi
-
-python3 vvp_reg.py || status=1
-
-exit $status

.github/workflows/deploy_docs.yml

@@ -19,10 +19,15 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         sudo apt update -qq
-        sudo apt install -y make autoconf python3-sphinx
+        sudo apt install -y make autoconf python3-venv
+        python3 -m venv .venv
+        . .venv/bin/activate
+        pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install -r Documentation/requirements.txt
 
     - name: Make Documentation
       run: |
+        . .venv/bin/activate
         cd Documentation
         make html
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -14,60 +14,82 @@ jobs:
   mac:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        libvvp: [true]
+        suffix: [true]
     runs-on: macos-15-intel
-    name: '🍏 macOS'
+    name: 🍏 macOS${{ matrix.libvvp && ' +libvvp' || '' }}${{ matrix.suffix && ' +suffix' || '' }}
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         brew install bison
-        pip3 install --break-system-packages docopt
 
     - name: Build, check and install
       run: |
         export PATH="/usr/local/opt/bison/bin:$PATH"
+        CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-libveriuser"
+        if [ "${{ matrix.libvvp }}" = "true" ]; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-libvvp"
+        fi
+        if [ "${{ matrix.suffix }}" = "true" ]; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-suffix"
+        fi
         autoconf
-        ./configure --enable-libveriuser
+        ./configure $CONFIG_OPTS
         make -j$(nproc) check
         sudo make install
 
     - name: Test
-      run: ./.github/test.sh
+      run: |
+        make check-installed
 
 
   lin:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [
-          '22.04',
-          '24.04'
-        ]
+        os: ['22.04', '24.04']
+        # libvvp: [false, true]
+        # suffix: [false, true]
     runs-on: ubuntu-${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: '🐧 Ubuntu ${{ matrix.os }}'
+    name: 🐧 Ubuntu ${{ matrix.os }}${{ matrix.libvvp && ' +libvvp' || '' }}${{ matrix.suffix && ' +suffix' || '' }}
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         sudo apt update -qq
-        sudo apt install -y make g++ git bison flex gperf libreadline-dev libbz2-dev autoconf python3-sphinx python3-docopt
+        sudo apt install -y make g++ git bison flex gperf libreadline-dev libbz2-dev autoconf python3-venv
+        python3 -m venv .venv
+        . .venv/bin/activate
+        pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install -r Documentation/requirements.txt
 
     - name: Build, check and install
       run: |
+        CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-libveriuser"
+        if [ "${{ matrix.libvvp }}" = "true" ]; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-libvvp"
+        fi
+        if [ "${{ matrix.suffix }}" = "true" ]; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-suffix"
+        fi
         autoconf
-        ./configure --enable-libveriuser
+        ./configure $CONFIG_OPTS
         make -j$(nproc) check
         sudo make install
 
     - name: Test
-      run: ./.github/test.sh
+      run:
+        make check-installed
 
     - name: Documentation
       run: |
+        . .venv/bin/activate
         cd Documentation
         make html
 
@@ -76,11 +98,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        msystem: [MINGW64, UCRT64, CLANG64]
+        # libvvp: [false, true]
+        # suffix: [false, true]
         include:
           - { msystem: MINGW64, env: x86_64 }
           - { msystem: UCRT64,  env: ucrt-x86_64 }
           - { msystem: CLANG64, env: clang-x86_64 }
-    name: 🟪 ${{ matrix.msystem}}
+    name: 🟪 ${{ matrix.msystem }}${{ matrix.libvvp && ' +libvvp' || '' }}${{ matrix.suffix && ' +suffix' || '' }}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: msys2 {0}
@@ -91,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
     - run: git config --global core.autocrlf input
       shell: bash
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
       with:
@@ -103,16 +128,24 @@ jobs:
           python-pip
           mingw-w64-${{ matrix.env }}-perl
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: '>=3.5'
 
     - name: Build and check
       run: |
         cd msys2
+        CONFIG_OPTS=""
         if [ ${{ matrix.msystem }} != "CLANG64" ] ; then
-            export IVL_CONFIG_OPTIONS="--enable-libveriuser"
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-libveriuser"
         fi
+        if [ "${{ matrix.libvvp }}" = "true" ] ; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-libvvp"
+        fi
+        if [ "${{ matrix.suffix }}" = "true" ]; then
+            CONFIG_OPTS="$CONFIG_OPTS --enable-suffix"
+        fi
+        export IVL_CONFIG_OPTIONS="$CONFIG_OPTS"
         makepkg-mingw --noconfirm --noprogressbar -sCLf
 
     - name: Install
@@ -120,13 +153,9 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Test
       run: |
-        if [ ${{ matrix.msystem }} = "CLANG64" ] ; then
-            ./.github/test.sh no-pli1
-        else
-            ./.github/test.sh
-        fi
+        make check-installed
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
-        name: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+        name: 🟪 ${{ matrix.msystem }}${{ matrix.libvvp && ' +libvvp' || '' }}
         path: msys2/*.zst

.gitignore

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 *.swp
 *~
 
+# Virtual environments
+.conda/
+.venv/
+
 # Top level generic files
 tags
 TAGS
@@ -31,16 +35,19 @@ Makefile
 /_pli_types.h
 config.h
 /tgt-pcb/pcb_config.h
-/tgt-pcb/fp.cc
-/tgt-pcb/fp.h
-/tgt-pcb/fp.output
-/tgt-pcb/fp_lex.cc
 /tgt-vvp/vvp_config.h
 /tgt-vhdl/vhdl_config.h
+/vhdlpp/vhdlpp_config.h
 /vpi/vpi_config.h
 stamp-*-h
-/version.h
 /version_tag.h
+/version_base.h
+
+/driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi.man
+/driver-vpi/res.rc
+/driver/iverilog.man
+/vvp/libvvp.pc
+/vvp/vvp.man
 
 # Directories
 autom4te.cache
@@ -52,8 +59,6 @@ dep
 *.vpi
 /cadpli/cadpli.vpl
 
-/tgt-blif/Makefile
-
 # lex, yacc and gperf output
 /driver/cflexor.c
 /driver/cfparse.c
@@ -62,14 +67,6 @@ dep
 
 /ivlpp/lexor.c
 
-/vhdlpp/lexor.cc
-/vhdlpp/lexor_keyword.cc
-/vhdlpp/parse.cc
-/vhdlpp/parse.h
-/vhdlpp/parse.output
-/vhdlpp/vhdlpp_config.h
-/vhdlpp/vhdlpp
-
 /lexor.cc
 /lexor_keyword.cc
 /parse.cc
@@ -78,6 +75,17 @@ dep
 /syn-rules.cc
 /syn-rules.output
 
+/tgt-pcb/fp.cc
+/tgt-pcb/fp.h
+/tgt-pcb/fp.output
+/tgt-pcb/fp_lex.cc
+
+/vhdlpp/lexor.cc
+/vhdlpp/lexor_keyword.cc
+/vhdlpp/parse.cc
+/vhdlpp/parse.h
+/vhdlpp/parse.output
+
 /vpi/sdf_lexor.c
 /vpi/sdf_parse.c
 /vpi/sdf_parse.h
@@ -97,17 +105,13 @@ dep
 # Program created files
 /vvp/tables.cc
 
-/iverilog-vpi.man
-/driver-vpi/res.rc
-/driver/iverilog.man
-/vvp/vvp.man
-
 # The executables.
 *.exe
 /driver/iverilog
-/iverilog-vpi
+/driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi
 /ivl
 /ivlpp/ivlpp
+/vhdlpp/vhdlpp
 /vvp/vvp
 
 /ivl.exp
@@ -115,3 +119,4 @@ dep
 
 # Check output
 /check.vvp
+/driver/top.vvp

Documentation/conf.py

@@ -73,16 +73,29 @@ highlight_language = 'none'
 
 # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
 
+# A dictionary of values to pass into the template engine's context for all pages.
+#
+html_context = {
+    # Edit this page
+    "source_type": "github",
+    "source_user": "steveicarus",
+    "source_repo": "iverilog",
+    "source_version": "master",
+    "source_docs_path": "/Documentation/",
+}
+
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = 'shibuya'
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
 #
-# html_theme_options = {}
+html_theme_options = {
+    "github_url": "https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog",
+}
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
@@ -142,7 +155,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'icarusverilog', 'Icarus Verilog Documentation',
+    (master_doc, 'iverilog-docs', 'Icarus Verilog Documentation',
      [author], 1)
 ]
 

Documentation/developer/guide/index.rst

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ source code itself, so that you can find the global parts where you
 can look for even better detail.
 
 The documentation for getting, building and installing Icarus Verilog
-is kept and maintained at :doc:`Getting Started as a Contributer <../getting_started>`
+is kept and maintained at :doc:`Getting Started as a Contributor <../getting_started>`
 
 See the Installation Guide for getting the current source from the git
 repository (and how to use the git repository) and see the Developer Guide

Documentation/developer/guide/vvp/opcodes.rst

@@ -812,6 +812,10 @@ result is pushed back on the vec4 stack.
 
 This opcode multiplies two real words together.
 
+* %neg/wr
+
+This opcode negates the real value on top of the real stack.
+
 * %nand
 
 Perform the bitwise NAND of two vec4 vectors, and push the result. Each

Documentation/developer/version_stamps.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ the "make version" target, or automatically if the version_tag.h
 file doesn't exist at all. This implies that a "make version" is
 something worth doing when you do a "git pull" or create commits.
 
-The files below are now edited by the Makefile and the version.exe program:
+The files below are now edited by the Makefile:
 
 * iverilog-vpi.man    -- The .TH tag has a version string
 * driver/iverilog.man -- The .TH tag has a version string

Documentation/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+sphinx==8.1.3
+shibuya==2026.1.9

Documentation/usage/command_line_flags.rst

@@ -68,6 +68,16 @@ These flags affect the general behavior of the compiler.
     This flag enables the IEEE1800-2012 standard, which includes
     SystemVerilog.
 
+  * 2017
+
+    This flag enables the IEEE1800-2017 standard, which includes
+    SystemVerilog.
+
+  * 2023
+
+    This flag enables the IEEE1800-2023 standard, which includes
+    SystemVerilog.
+
   * verilog-ams
 
     This flag enables Verilog-AMS features that are supported by Icarus
@@ -131,6 +141,18 @@ These flags affect the general behavior of the compiler.
     containing an unsized constant number, and unsized constant numbers are
     not truncated to integer width.
 
+  * strict-declaration/no-strict-declaration
+
+  * strict-net-var-declaration/no-strict-net-var-declaration
+
+  * strict-parameter-declaration/no-strict-parameter-declaration
+
+    The standards require that nets, variables, and parameters must be
+    declared lexically before they are used.  Using -gno-strict-declaration
+    will allow using a data object before declaration, with a warning. The
+    warning can be suppressed with -Wno-declaration-after-use.  The option
+    can be applied for nets and variables and for parameters separately.
+
   * shared-loop-index/no-shared-loop-index
 
     Enable or disable the exclusion of for-loop control variables from
@@ -260,6 +282,7 @@ These flags affect the general behavior of the compiler.
       -Wanachronisms
       -Wimplicit
       -Wimplicit-dimensions
+      -Wdeclaration-after-use
       -Wmacro-replacement
       -Wportbind
       -Wselect-range
@@ -288,6 +311,15 @@ These flags affect the general behavior of the compiler.
     This flag is supported in release 10.1 or master branch snapshots after
     2016-02-06.
 
+  * declaration-after-use
+
+    This enables warnings for declarations after use, when those are not
+    flagged as errors (enabled by default). Use no-declaration-after-use
+    to disable this.
+
+    This flag was added in version 14.0 or later (and is in the master branch
+    as of 2026-03-21).
+
   * macro-redefinition
 
     This enables warnings when a macro is redefined, even if the macro text

Documentation/usage/installation.rst

@@ -373,7 +373,5 @@ Next, compile with the command::
 
   $ make
 
-The configure generated the cross compiler flags, but there are a few
-bits that need to be compiled with the native compiler. (version.exe
-for example is used by the build process but is not installed.) The
+The configure generated the cross compiler flags. The
 configure script should have gotten all that right.

Documentation/usage/reporting_issues.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Reporting Issues
 ================
 
-The developers of and contributers to Icarus Verilog use github to track
+The developers of and contributors to Icarus Verilog use github to track
 issues and to create patches for the product. If you believe you have found a
 problem, use the Issues tracker at the
 `Icarus Verilog github page <https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog>`__.
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Bug reports with patches/PRs are very welcome. Please also add a new test case i
 
 If you are editing the source, you should be using the latest
 version from git. Please see the developer documentation for more
-detailed instructions -- :doc:`Getting Started as a Contributer <getting_started>` .
+detailed instructions -- :doc:`Getting Started as a Contributor <getting_started>` .
 
 COPYRIGHT ISSUES
 

Makefile.in

@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ prefix = @prefix@
 exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
 srcdir = @srcdir@
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+VERSION_MAJOR = @VERSION_MAJOR@
+VERSION_MINOR = @VERSION_MINOR@
 
 SUBDIRS = ivlpp vhdlpp vvp vpi tgt-null tgt-stub tgt-vvp \
-          tgt-vhdl tgt-vlog95 tgt-pcb tgt-blif tgt-sizer driver
+          tgt-vhdl tgt-vlog95 tgt-pcb tgt-blif tgt-sizer driver \
+          ivtest
 # Only run distclean for these directories.
 NOTUSED = tgt-fpga tgt-pal tgt-verilog
 
@@ -48,11 +51,7 @@ else
 NOTUSED += libveriuser cadpli
 endif
 
-ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
 SUBDIRS += driver-vpi
-else
-NOTUSED += driver-vpi
-endif
 
 # To get the version headers to build correctly we only want to look
 # for C++ files in the source directory. All other files will require
@@ -67,9 +66,7 @@ bindir = @bindir@
 libdir = @libdir@
 # This is actually the directory where we install our own header files.
 # It is a little different from the generic includedir.
-includedir = @includedir@/iverilog$(suffix)
-mandir = @mandir@
-pdfdir = @docdir@
+ivl_includedir = @includedir@/iverilog$(suffix)
 
 dllib=@DLLIB@
 
@@ -81,12 +78,14 @@ BUILDCC = @CC_FOR_BUILD@
 BUILDEXT = @BUILD_EXEEXT@
 CC = @CC@
 CXX = @CXX@
+ENV_VVP=@ENV_VVP@
 INSTALL = @INSTALL@
 INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
 INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
 INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
 LEX = @LEX@
 YACC = @YACC@
+YACC_CONFLICT_FLAGS = -Werror=conflicts-sr -Werror=conflicts-rr
 MAN = @MAN@
 PS2PDF = @PS2PDF@
 GROFF = @GROFF@
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ O = main.o async.o design_dump.o discipline.o dup_expr.o elaborate.o \
     PGate.o PGenerate.o PModport.o PNamedItem.o PPackage.o PScope.o PSpec.o PTimingCheck.o \
     PTask.o PUdp.o PWire.o Statement.o AStatement.o $M $(FF) $(TT)
 
-all: dep config.h _pli_types.h version_tag.h ivl@EXEEXT@ version.exe iverilog-vpi.man
+all: dep config.h _pli_types.h version_tag.h version_base.h ivl@EXEEXT@
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
 
 # In the windows world, the installer will need a dosify program to
@@ -142,34 +141,26 @@ dosify$(BUILDEXT): $(srcdir)/dosify.c
 	$(BUILDCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o dosify$(BUILDEXT) $(srcdir)/dosify.c
 endif
 
-# This rule rules the compiler in the trivial hello.vl program to make
-# sure the basics were compiled properly.
+# This rule runs the compiler using the trivial hello.vl program to make sure
+# the base programs are compiled properly.
 check: all
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
+	rm -f check.vvp
 	test -r check.conf || cp $(srcdir)/check.conf .
-	driver/iverilog -B. -BMvpi -BPivlpp -tcheck -ocheck.vvp $(srcdir)/examples/hello.vl
-ifeq (@WIN32@,yes)
-ifeq (@install_suffix@,)
-	vvp/vvp -M- -M./vpi ./check.vvp | grep 'Hello, World'
-else
-	# On Windows if we have a suffix we must run the vvp part of
-	# the test with a suffix since it was built/linked that way.
-	ln vvp/vvp.exe vvp/vvp$(suffix).exe
-	vvp/vvp$(suffix) -M- -M./vpi ./check.vvp | grep 'Hello, World'
-	rm vvp/vvp$(suffix).exe
-endif
-else
-	vvp/vvp -M- -M./vpi ./check.vvp | grep 'Hello, World'
-endif
+	driver/iverilog@EXEEXT@ -B. -BMvpi -BPivlpp -tcheck -ocheck.vvp $(srcdir)/examples/hello.vl && \
+	$(ENV_VVP) vvp/vvp$(suffix)@EXEEXT@ -M- -M./vpi ./check.vvp | grep 'Hello, World'
+
+check-installed check-installed-vpi check-installed-vvp check-installed-vvp-py:
+	$(MAKE) -C ivtest $@
 
 clean:
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
 	rm -f *.o parse.cc parse.h lexor.cc
-	rm -f ivl.exp iverilog-vpi.man iverilog-vpi.pdf iverilog-vpi.ps
+	rm -f ivl.exp
+	rm -f iverilog_man.ps iverilog_man.pdf iverilog_man_$(VERSION_MAJOR)_$(VERSION_MINOR).pdf
 	rm -f parse.output syn-rules.output dosify$(BUILDEXT) ivl@EXEEXT@ check.vvp
-	rm -f lexor_keyword.cc libivl.a libvpi.a iverilog-vpi syn-rules.cc
+	rm -f lexor_keyword.cc libivl.a libvpi.a syn-rules.cc
 	rm -rf dep
-	rm -f version.exe
 
 distclean: clean
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
@@ -177,13 +168,14 @@ distclean: clean
 	rm -f Makefile config.status config.log config.cache
 	rm -f stamp-config-h config.h
 	rm -f stamp-_pli_types-h _pli_types.h
+	rm -f stamp-version_base-h version_base.h
 ifneq (@srcdir@,.)
 	rm -f version_tag.h check.conf
 	rmdir $(SUBDIRS) $(NOTUSED)
 endif
 	rm -rf autom4te.cache
 
-cppcheck: $(O:.o=.cc) $(srcdir)/dosify.c $(srcdir)/version.c
+cppcheck: $(O:.o=.cc) $(srcdir)/dosify.c
 	cppcheck --enable=all --std=c99 --std=c++11 -f \
 	         --check-level=exhaustive \
 	         --suppressions-list=$(srcdir)/cppcheck-global.sup \
@@ -214,6 +206,11 @@ stamp-_pli_types-h: $(srcdir)/_pli_types.h.in config.status
 	./config.status _pli_types.h
 _pli_types.h: stamp-_pli_types-h
 
+stamp-version_base-h: $(srcdir)/version_base.h.in config.status
+	@rm -f $@
+	./config.status version_base.h
+version_base.h: stamp-version_base-h
+
 $(srcdir)/configure: $(srcdir)/configure.ac $(srcdir)/aclocal.m4
 	cd $(srcdir) && autoconf
 
@@ -232,27 +229,7 @@ ivl@EXEEXT@: $O
 	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -o ivl@EXEEXT@ $O $(dllib)
 endif
 
-ifeq (@MINGW32@,no)
-all: iverilog-vpi
-
-iverilog-vpi: $(srcdir)/iverilog-vpi.sh Makefile
-	sed -e 's;@SHARED@;@shared@;' -e 's;@PIC@;@PICFLAG@;' \
-	    -e 's;@ENABLE_PLI1@;@LIBVERIUSER@;' \
-	    -e 's;@SUFFIX@;$(suffix);' \
-	    -e 's;@IVCC@;$(CC);' \
-	    -e 's;@IVCXX@;$(CXX);' \
-	    -e 's;@IVCFLAGS@;$(CFLAGS);' \
-	    -e 's;@IVCXXFLAGS@;$(CXXFLAGS);' \
-	    -e 's;@IVCTARGETFLAGS@;$(CTARGETFLAGS);' \
-	    -e 's;@INCLUDEDIR@;$(includedir);' \
-	    -e 's;@LIBDIR@;@libdir@;' $< > $@
-	chmod +x $@
-endif
-
-version.exe: $(srcdir)/version.c $(srcdir)/version_base.h version_tag.h
-	$(BUILDCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o version.exe -I. -I$(srcdir) $(srcdir)/version.c
-
-%.o: %.cc config.h
+%.o: %.cc config.h | dep
 	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) @DEPENDENCY_FLAG@ -c $< -o $*.o
 	mv $*.d dep/$*.d
 
@@ -265,10 +242,10 @@ parse.o: parse.cc
 
 # Use pattern rules to avoid parallel build issues (see pr3462585)
 parse%cc parse%h: $(srcdir)/parse%y
-	$(YACC) --verbose -t -p VL --defines=parse.h -o parse.cc $<
+	$(YACC) --verbose $(YACC_CONFLICT_FLAGS) -t -p VL --defines=parse.h -o parse.cc $<
 
 syn-rules.cc: $(srcdir)/syn-rules.y
-	$(YACC) --verbose -t -p syn_ -o $@ $<
+	$(YACC) --verbose $(YACC_CONFLICT_FLAGS) -t -p syn_ -o $@ $<
 
 lexor.cc: $(srcdir)/lexor.lex
 	$(LEX) -s -t $< > $@
@@ -278,22 +255,12 @@ lexor_keyword.o: lexor_keyword.cc parse.h
 lexor_keyword.cc: $(srcdir)/lexor_keyword.gperf
 	gperf -o -i 7 -C -k 1-4,6,9,$$ -H keyword_hash -N check_identifier -t $< > $@ || (rm -f $@ ; false)
 
-iverilog-vpi.man: $(srcdir)/iverilog-vpi.man.in version.exe
-	./version.exe `head -1 $<`'\n' > $@
-	tail -n +2 $< >> $@
-
-iverilog-vpi.ps: iverilog-vpi.man
-	$(MAN) -t ./$< > $@
-
-iverilog-vpi.pdf: iverilog-vpi.ps
-	$(PS2PDF) $< $@
-
-iverilog_man.ps: driver/iverilog.man vvp/vvp.man iverilog-vpi.man
+iverilog_man.ps: driver/iverilog.man vvp/vvp.man driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi.man
 	$(GROFF) -man -rC1 -rD1 -T ps $^ > $@
 
-iverilog_man.pdf: iverilog_man.ps version.exe
+iverilog_man.pdf: iverilog_man.ps
 	$(PS2PDF) $< $@
-	cp $@ iverilog_man_`./version.exe %M_%n`.pdf
+	cp $@ iverilog_man_$(VERSION_MAJOR)_$(VERSION_MINOR).pdf
 
 # For VERSION_TAG in driver/main.c, first try git-describe, then look for a
 # release_tag.h file in the source tree (included in snapshots and releases),
@@ -319,33 +286,6 @@ version_tag.h version:
 	    echo '#define VERSION_TAG ""' > version_tag.h; \
 	fi
 
-ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
-ifeq ($(MAN),none)
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
-else
-ifeq ($(PS2PDF),none)
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
-else
-INSTALL_DOC = installpdf installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(pdfdir)
-all: dep iverilog-vpi.pdf
-endif
-endif
-INSTALL_DOCDIR = $(mandir)/man1
-else
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_DOCDIR = $(mandir)/man1
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
-endif
-
-ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
-WIN32_INSTALL =
-else
-WIN32_INSTALL = installwin32
-endif
-
 install: all installdirs installfiles
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
 
@@ -357,37 +297,24 @@ F = ./ivl@EXEEXT@ \
 	$(srcdir)/sv_vpi_user.h \
 	$(srcdir)/vpi_user.h \
 	$(srcdir)/acc_user.h \
-	$(srcdir)/veriuser.h \
-	$(INSTALL_DOC) \
-	$(WIN32_INSTALL)
-
-installwin32: ./iverilog-vpi installdirs
-	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) ./iverilog-vpi "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix)"
-
-installman: iverilog-vpi.man installdirs
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog-vpi.man "$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).1"
-
-installpdf: iverilog-vpi.pdf installdirs
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog-vpi.pdf "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).pdf"
+	$(srcdir)/veriuser.h
 
 installfiles: $(F) | installdirs
 	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) ./ivl@EXEEXT@ "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/ivl@EXEEXT@"
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/constants.vams "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/include/constants.vams"
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/disciplines.vams "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/include/disciplines.vams"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/ivl_target.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/ivl_target.h"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) ./_pli_types.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/_pli_types.h"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/sv_vpi_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/sv_vpi_user.h"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/vpi_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/vpi_user.h"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/acc_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/acc_user.h"
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/veriuser.h "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/veriuser.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/ivl_target.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/ivl_target.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) ./_pli_types.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/_pli_types.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/sv_vpi_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/sv_vpi_user.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/vpi_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/vpi_user.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/acc_user.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/acc_user.h"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/veriuser.h "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/veriuser.h"
 
 installdirs: $(srcdir)/mkinstalldirs
 	$(srcdir)/mkinstalldirs "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" \
-	    "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)" \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)" \
 	    "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)" \
-	    "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/include" \
-	    "$(DESTDIR)$(INSTALL_DOCDIR)" \
-	    "$(DESTDIR)$(INSTALL_PDFDIR)"
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/include"
 
 uninstall:
 	$(foreach dir,$(SUBDIRS),$(MAKE) -C $(dir) $@ && ) true
@@ -395,13 +322,13 @@ uninstall:
 	    do rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/$$f"; done
 	-rmdir "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/include"
 	-rmdir "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)"
-	for f in verilog$(suffix) iverilog-vpi$(suffix) gverilog$(suffix)@EXEEXT@; \
+	for f in verilog$(suffix) gverilog$(suffix)@EXEEXT@; \
 	    do rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$f"; done
 	for f in ivl_target.h vpi_user.h _pli_types.h sv_vpi_user.h acc_user.h veriuser.h; \
-	    do rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)/$$f"; done
-	-test X$(suffix) = X || rmdir "$(DESTDIR)$(includedir)"
-	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).1" \
-	      "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).pdf"
+	    do rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)/$$f"; done
+	-test X$(suffix) = X || rmdir "$(DESTDIR)$(ivl_includedir)"
 
 
 -include $(patsubst %.o, dep/%.d, $O)
+
+.PHONY: check-installed check-installed-vpi check-installed-vvp check-installed-vvp-py

Module.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2022 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -21,13 +21,65 @@
 
 # include  "Module.h"
 # include  "PGate.h"
+# include  "PModport.h"
 # include  "PWire.h"
+# include  "parse_api.h"
 # include  "ivl_assert.h"
+# include  <iostream>
 
 using namespace std;
 
 list<Module::named_expr_t> Module::user_defparms;
 
+Module::port_t::port_t()
+: port_kind(P_SIGNAL), default_value(0), interface_unpacked_dimensions(0), lexical_pos(0)
+{
+}
+
+bool resolve_interface_formal_port(const LineInfo*li, Design*des,
+				   const Module::port_t*port,
+				   interface_formal_port_t&res,
+				   bool emit_errors)
+{
+      ivl_assert(*li, port);
+      ivl_assert(*li, port->is_interface_port());
+
+      res = interface_formal_port_t();
+
+      map<perm_string,Module*>::const_iterator mod =
+	    pform_modules.find(port->interface_type);
+      if (mod == pform_modules.end() || !mod->second->is_interface) {
+	    if (emit_errors) {
+		  cerr << li->get_fileline() << ": error: Interface port "
+		       << port->name << " uses unknown interface type `"
+		       << port->interface_type << "'." << endl;
+		  des->errors += 1;
+	    }
+	    return false;
+      }
+
+      res.module = mod->second;
+
+      if (port->modport_name.str()) {
+	    map<perm_string,PModport*>::const_iterator mp =
+		  mod->second->modports.find(port->modport_name);
+	    if (mp == mod->second->modports.end()) {
+		  if (emit_errors) {
+			cerr << li->get_fileline() << ": error: Interface port "
+			     << port->name << " uses unknown modport `"
+			     << port->modport_name << "' of interface `"
+			     << port->interface_type << "'." << endl;
+			des->errors += 1;
+		  }
+		  return false;
+	    }
+
+	    res.modport = mp->second;
+      }
+
+      return true;
+}
+
 /* n is a permallocated string. */
 Module::Module(LexicalScope*parent, perm_string n)
 : PScopeExtra(n, parent)
@@ -63,12 +115,18 @@ const vector<PEIdent*>& Module::get_port(unsigned idx) const
       ivl_assert(*this, idx < ports.size());
       static const vector<PEIdent*> zero;
 
-      if (ports[idx])
+      if (ports[idx] && !ports[idx]->is_interface_port())
 	    return ports[idx]->expr;
       else
 	    return zero;
 }
 
+const Module::port_t* Module::get_port_info(unsigned idx) const
+{
+      ivl_assert(*this, idx < ports.size());
+      return ports[idx];
+}
+
 unsigned Module::find_port(const char*name) const
 {
       ivl_assert(*this, name != 0);

Module.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_Module_H
 #define IVL_Module_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class PFunction;
 class PWire;
 class PProcess;
 class Design;
+class LineInfo;
 class NetScope;
 
 /*
@@ -65,9 +66,25 @@ class Module : public PScopeExtra, public PNamedItem {
 	   default value. */
     public:
       struct port_t {
+	    enum port_kind_t { P_SIGNAL, P_INTERFACE };
+
+	    port_t();
+
+	    port_kind_t port_kind;
 	    perm_string name;
 	    std::vector<PEIdent*> expr;
 	    PExpr*default_value;
+
+	      /* Interface formal port metadata. For signal ports these
+		 fields are empty/zero. The modport name is optional in the
+		 representation, although the parser initially only accepts
+		 the explicit interface_type.modport form. */
+	    perm_string interface_type;
+	    perm_string modport_name;
+	    std::list<pform_range_t>*interface_unpacked_dimensions;
+	    unsigned lexical_pos;
+
+	    bool is_interface_port() const { return port_kind == P_INTERFACE; }
       };
 
     public:
@@ -148,6 +165,7 @@ class Module : public PScopeExtra, public PNamedItem {
 
       unsigned port_count() const;
       const std::vector<PEIdent*>& get_port(unsigned idx) const;
+      const port_t* get_port_info(unsigned idx) const;
       unsigned find_port(const char*name) const;
 
       // Return port name ("" for undeclared port)
@@ -181,4 +199,16 @@ class Module : public PScopeExtra, public PNamedItem {
       Module& operator= (const Module&);
 };
 
+struct interface_formal_port_t {
+      interface_formal_port_t() : module(0), modport(0) { }
+
+      const Module*module;
+      const PModport*modport;
+};
+
+extern bool resolve_interface_formal_port(const LineInfo*li, Design*des,
+					  const Module::port_t*port,
+					  interface_formal_port_t&res,
+					  bool emit_errors);
+
 #endif /* IVL_Module_H */

PDelays.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -130,10 +130,11 @@ static NetExpr* make_delay_nets(Design*des, NetScope*scope, NetExpr*expr)
       return expr;
 }
 
-static NetExpr* calc_decay_time(NetExpr *rise, NetExpr *fall)
+static const NetExpr *calc_decay_time(const NetExpr *rise,
+				      const NetExpr *fall)
 {
-      const NetEConst *c_rise = dynamic_cast<NetEConst*>(rise);
-      const NetEConst *c_fall = dynamic_cast<NetEConst*>(fall);
+      const NetEConst *c_rise = dynamic_cast<const NetEConst*>(rise);
+      const NetEConst *c_fall = dynamic_cast<const NetEConst*>(fall);
       if (c_rise && c_fall) {
 	    if (c_rise->value() < c_fall->value()) return rise;
 	    else return fall;
@@ -142,44 +143,43 @@ static NetExpr* calc_decay_time(NetExpr *rise, NetExpr *fall)
       return 0;
 }
 
-void PDelays::eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
-			  NetExpr*&rise_time,
-			  NetExpr*&fall_time,
-			  NetExpr*&decay_time,
+void PDelays::eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope, delay_exprs_t &delays,
 			  bool as_nets_flag) const
 {
       assert(scope);
 
-
       if (delay_[0]) {
-	    rise_time = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[0]);
+	    NetExpr *rise = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[0]);
 	    if (as_nets_flag)
-		  rise_time = make_delay_nets(des, scope, rise_time);
+		  rise = make_delay_nets(des, scope, rise);
+	    delays.rise = rise;
 
 	    if (delay_[1]) {
-		  fall_time = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[1]);
+		  NetExpr *fall = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[1]);
 		  if (as_nets_flag)
-			fall_time = make_delay_nets(des, scope, fall_time);
+			fall = make_delay_nets(des, scope, fall);
+		  delays.fall = fall;
 
 		  if (delay_[2]) {
-			decay_time = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[2]);
+			NetExpr *decay = calculate_val(des, scope, delay_[2]);
 			if (as_nets_flag)
-			      decay_time = make_delay_nets(des, scope,
-			                                   decay_time);
+			      decay = make_delay_nets(des, scope, decay);
+			delays.decay = decay;
 
 		  } else {
 			// If this is zero then we need to do the min()
 			// at run time.
-			decay_time = calc_decay_time(rise_time, fall_time);
+			delays.decay = calc_decay_time(delays.rise,
+						       delays.fall);
 		  }
 	    } else {
 		  assert(delay_[2] == 0);
-		  fall_time = rise_time;
-		  decay_time = rise_time;
+		  delays.fall = delays.rise;
+		  delays.decay = delays.rise;
 	    }
       } else {
-	    rise_time = 0;
-	    fall_time = 0;
-	    decay_time = 0;
+	    delays.rise = nullptr;
+	    delays.fall = nullptr;
+	    delays.decay = nullptr;
       }
 }

PDelays.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_PDelays_H
 #define IVL_PDelays_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2021 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class Design;
 class NetScope;
 class NetExpr;
 class PExpr;
+struct delay_exprs_t;
 
 /*
  * Various PForm objects can carry delays. These delays include rise,
@@ -46,10 +47,7 @@ class PDelays {
 
       unsigned delay_count() const;
 
-      void eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
-		       NetExpr*&rise_time,
-		       NetExpr*&fall_time,
-		       NetExpr*&decay_time,
+      void eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope, delay_exprs_t &delays,
 		       bool as_nets_flag =false) const;
 
       void dump_delays(std::ostream&out) const;

PExpr.cc

@@ -108,6 +108,16 @@ PEAssignPattern::~PEAssignPattern()
 {
 }
 
+bool PEAssignPattern::has_aa_term(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
+{
+      bool flag = false;
+      for (const auto *parm : parms_) {
+	    if (parm)
+		  flag = parm->has_aa_term(des, scope) || flag;
+      }
+      return flag;
+}
+
 PEBinary::PEBinary(char op, PExpr*l, PExpr*r)
 : op_(op), left_(l), right_(r)
 {
@@ -261,26 +271,47 @@ PECallFunction::PECallFunction(perm_string n, const list<named_pexpr_t> &parms)
 {
 }
 
+PECallFunction::PECallFunction(PExpr* chain_prefix, const pform_name_t &method,
+			       const vector<named_pexpr_t> &parms)
+: path_(method), parms_(parms), chain_prefix_(chain_prefix), is_overridden_(false)
+{
+}
+
+PECallFunction::PECallFunction(PExpr* chain_prefix, const pform_name_t &method,
+			       const list<named_pexpr_t> &parms)
+: path_(method), parms_(parms.begin(), parms.end()),
+  chain_prefix_(chain_prefix), is_overridden_(false)
+{
+}
+
 PECallFunction::~PECallFunction()
 {
+      delete chain_prefix_;
 }
 
 void PECallFunction::declare_implicit_nets(LexicalScope*scope, NetNet::Type type)
 {
+      if (chain_prefix_) {
+	    chain_prefix_->declare_implicit_nets(scope, type);
+	  }
       for (const auto &parm : parms_) {
-	    if (parm.parm)
+	    if (parm.parm) {
 		  parm.parm->declare_implicit_nets(scope, type);
+		}
       }
 }
 
 bool PECallFunction::has_aa_term(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 {
-      bool flag = false;
+      if (chain_prefix_ && chain_prefix_->has_aa_term(des, scope)) {
+	    return true;
+	  }
       for (const auto &parm : parms_) {
-	    if (parm.parm)
-		  flag |= parm.parm->has_aa_term(des, scope);
+	    if (parm.parm && parm.parm->has_aa_term(des, scope)) {
+		  return true;
+		}
       }
-      return flag;
+      return false;
 }
 
 PEConcat::PEConcat(const list<PExpr*>&p, PExpr*r)

PExpr.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_PExpr_H
 #define IVL_PExpr_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2025 Stephen Williams <steve@icarus.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams <steve@icarus.com>
  * Copyright CERN 2013 / Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class NetExpr;
 class NetScope;
 class PPackage;
 struct symbol_search_results;
+class netclass_t;
 
 /*
  * The PExpr class hierarchy supports the description of
@@ -208,6 +209,8 @@ class PEAssignPattern : public PExpr {
 
       void dump(std::ostream&) const override;
 
+      virtual bool has_aa_term(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const override;
+
       virtual unsigned test_width(Design*des, NetScope*scope, width_mode_t&mode) override;
       virtual NetExpr*elaborate_expr(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 				     ivl_type_t type, unsigned flags) const override;
@@ -488,18 +491,12 @@ class PEIdent : public PExpr {
 					 const NetScope*found_in,
 					 ivl_type_t par_type,
 				         unsigned expr_wid) const;
-      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_param_idx_up_(Design*des,
-					   NetScope*scope,
-					   const NetExpr*par,
-					   const NetScope*found_in,
-					   ivl_type_t par_type,
-                                           bool need_const) const;
-      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_param_idx_do_(Design*des,
-					   NetScope*scope,
-					   const NetExpr*par,
-					   const NetScope*found_in,
-					   ivl_type_t par_type,
-                                           bool need_const) const;
+      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_param_idx_up_do_(Design*des,
+					      NetScope*scope,
+					      const NetExpr*par,
+					      const NetScope*found_in,
+					      ivl_type_t par_type,
+					      bool up, bool need_const) const;
       NetExpr*elaborate_expr_net(Design*des,
 				 NetScope*scope,
 				 NetNet*net,
@@ -517,16 +514,11 @@ class PEIdent : public PExpr {
 				       NetESignal*net,
 				       NetScope*found,
 				       unsigned expr_wid) const;
-      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_net_idx_up_(Design*des,
-				         NetScope*scope,
-				         NetESignal*net,
-				         NetScope*found,
-                                         bool need_const) const;
-      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_net_idx_do_(Design*des,
-				         NetScope*scope,
-				         NetESignal*net,
-				         NetScope*found,
-                                         bool need_const) const;
+      NetExpr*elaborate_expr_net_idx_up_do_(Design*des,
+					    NetScope*scope,
+					    NetESignal*net,
+					    NetScope*found,
+					    bool up, bool need_const) const;
       NetExpr*elaborate_expr_net_bit_(Design*des,
 				      NetScope*scope,
 				      NetESignal*net,
@@ -690,12 +682,16 @@ class PEString : public PExpr {
       virtual unsigned test_width(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 				  width_mode_t&mode) override;
 
-      virtual NetEConst*elaborate_expr(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+      virtual NetExpr*elaborate_expr(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 				       ivl_type_t type, unsigned flags) const override;
 
       virtual NetEConst*elaborate_expr(Design*des, NetScope*,
 				       unsigned expr_wid, unsigned) const override;
 
+      NetExpr *elaborate_expr_uarray_(Design *des, NetScope *scope,
+				      const netuarray_t *uarray_type,
+				      const std::vector<netrange_t> &dims,
+				      unsigned int cur_dim) const;
     private:
       char*text_;
 };
@@ -924,8 +920,18 @@ class PECallFunction : public PExpr {
       explicit PECallFunction(const pform_name_t &n, const std::list<named_pexpr_t> &parms);
       explicit PECallFunction(perm_string n, const std::list<named_pexpr_t> &parms);
 
+	// SystemVerilog: prefix().method(args) — prefix elaborates to a class handle.
+      explicit PECallFunction(PExpr* chain_prefix, const pform_name_t &method,
+			      const std::vector<named_pexpr_t> &parms);
+      explicit PECallFunction(PExpr* chain_prefix, const pform_name_t &method,
+			      const std::list<named_pexpr_t> &parms);
+
       ~PECallFunction() override;
 
+	// For chained-call resolution (path is only the final method name).
+      const pform_scoped_name_t& peek_path(void) const { return path_; }
+      const PExpr* peek_chain_prefix(void) const { return chain_prefix_; }
+
       virtual void dump(std::ostream &) const override;
 
       virtual void declare_implicit_nets(LexicalScope*scope, NetNet::Type type) override;
@@ -944,6 +950,8 @@ class PECallFunction : public PExpr {
     private:
       pform_scoped_name_t path_;
       std::vector<named_pexpr_t> parms_;
+	// If non-null, this call is prefix().tail_name(...) (SV method chain).
+      PExpr* chain_prefix_ = nullptr;
 
         // For system functions.
       bool is_overridden_;
@@ -981,7 +989,26 @@ class PECallFunction : public PExpr {
       unsigned elaborate_arguments_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
                                     const NetFuncDef*def, bool need_const,
                                     std::vector<NetExpr*>&parms,
-                                    unsigned parm_off) const;
+                                    unsigned parm_off,
+                                    const std::vector<named_pexpr_t>*src_parms = nullptr) const;
+
+      NetExpr* elaborate_class_method_net_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+					   NetNet*net, const netclass_t*class_type,
+					   perm_string method_name,
+					   const std::vector<named_pexpr_t>*src_parms) const;
+
+      NetExpr* elaborate_class_method_net_this_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+						NetExpr* this_expr,
+						const netclass_t*class_type,
+						perm_string method_name,
+						const std::vector<named_pexpr_t>*src_parms) const;
+
+      NetExpr* elaborate_expr_method_chained_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+					     symbol_search_results&search_results) const;
+
+      NetExpr* elaborate_expr_chain_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, unsigned flags) const;
+
+      unsigned test_width_chain_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, width_mode_t&mode);
 };
 
 /*

PGate.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -41,29 +41,23 @@ void PGate::set_pins_(list<PExpr*>*pins)
 }
 
 PGate::PGate(perm_string name, list<PExpr*>*pins, const list<PExpr*>*del)
-: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(0)
+: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(nullptr)
 {
       if (pins) set_pins_(pins);
       if (del) delay_.set_delays(del);
-      str0_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
-      str1_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
 }
 
 PGate::PGate(perm_string name, list<PExpr*>*pins, PExpr*del)
-: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(0)
+: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(nullptr)
 {
       if (pins) set_pins_(pins);
       if (del) delay_.set_delay(del);
-      str0_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
-      str1_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
 }
 
 PGate::PGate(perm_string name, list<PExpr*>*pins)
-: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(0)
+: name_(name), pins_(pins? pins->size() : 0), ranges_(nullptr)
 {
       if (pins) set_pins_(pins);
-      str0_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
-      str1_ = IVL_DR_STRONG;
 }
 
 PGate::~PGate()
@@ -76,24 +70,14 @@ void PGate::set_ranges(list<pform_range_t>*ranges)
       ranges_ = ranges;
 }
 
-ivl_drive_t PGate::strength0() const
+drive_strength_t PGate::strength() const
 {
-      return str0_;
+      return strength_;
 }
 
-void PGate::strength0(ivl_drive_t s)
+void PGate::strength(const drive_strength_t &str)
 {
-      str0_ = s;
-}
-
-ivl_drive_t PGate::strength1() const
-{
-      return str1_;
-}
-
-void PGate::strength1(ivl_drive_t s)
-{
-      str1_ = s;
+      strength_ = str;
 }
 
 void PGate::elaborate_scope(Design*, NetScope*) const
@@ -109,15 +93,10 @@ void PGate::elaborate_scope(Design*, NetScope*) const
  * numbers of expressions.
  */
 
-void PGate::eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
-			NetExpr*&rise_expr,
-			NetExpr*&fall_expr,
-			NetExpr*&decay_expr,
+void PGate::eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope, delay_exprs_t &delays,
 			bool as_net_flag) const
 {
-      delay_.eval_delays(des, scope,
-			 rise_expr, fall_expr, decay_expr,
-			 as_net_flag);
+      delay_.eval_delays(des, scope, delays, as_net_flag);
 }
 
 unsigned PGate::delay_count() const

PGate.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 class PExpr;
 class PUdp;
 class Module;
+struct delay_exprs_t;
+struct drive_strength_t;
 
 /*
  * A PGate represents a Verilog gate. The gate has a name and other
@@ -66,10 +68,7 @@ class PGate : public PNamedItem {
 
 	// This evaluates the delays as far as possible, but returns
 	// an expression, and do not signal errors.
-      void eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
-		       NetExpr*&rise_time,
-		       NetExpr*&fall_time,
-		       NetExpr*&decay_time,
+      void eval_delays(Design*des, NetScope*scope, delay_exprs_t &delays,
 		       bool as_net_flag =false) const;
 
       unsigned delay_count() const;
@@ -77,11 +76,9 @@ class PGate : public PNamedItem {
       unsigned pin_count() const { return pins_.size(); }
       PExpr*pin(unsigned idx) const { return pins_[idx]; }
 
-      ivl_drive_t strength0() const;
-      ivl_drive_t strength1() const;
+      drive_strength_t strength() const;
 
-      void strength0(ivl_drive_t);
-      void strength1(ivl_drive_t);
+      void strength(const drive_strength_t &str);
 
       std::map<perm_string,PExpr*> attributes;
 
@@ -109,7 +106,7 @@ class PGate : public PNamedItem {
 
       std::list<pform_range_t>*ranges_;
 
-      ivl_drive_t str0_, str1_;
+      drive_strength_t strength_;
 
       void set_pins_(std::list<PExpr*>*pins);
 
@@ -133,7 +130,9 @@ class PGAssign  : public PGate {
       virtual void elaborate(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const override;
 
     private:
-      void elaborate_unpacked_array_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, NetNet*lval) const;
+      void elaborate_unpacked_array_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, NetNet*lval,
+				     const drive_strength_t &drive,
+				     const delay_exprs_t &delays) const;
 };
 
 
@@ -236,11 +235,20 @@ class PGModule  : public PGate {
       unsigned nparms_;
 
       friend class delayed_elaborate_scope_mod_instances;
-      void elaborate_mod_(Design*, Module*mod, NetScope*scope) const;
+      void elaborate_mod_(Design*, const Module*mod, NetScope*scope) const;
       void elaborate_udp_(Design*, PUdp  *udp, NetScope*scope) const;
       void elaborate_scope_mod_(Design*des, Module*mod, NetScope*sc) const;
       void elaborate_scope_mod_instances_(Design*des, Module*mod, NetScope*sc) const;
       bool elaborate_sig_mod_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, const Module*mod) const;
+      bool bind_interface_ports_(Design*des, const Module*mod,
+				 NetScope*parent_scope, NetScope*instance_scope,
+				 const std::vector<PExpr*>&pins,
+				 const std::vector<bool>&pins_fromwc) const;
+      bool match_module_ports_(Design*des, const Module*mod,
+			       NetScope*scope,
+			       std::vector<PExpr*>&pins,
+			       std::vector<bool>&pins_fromwc,
+			       std::vector<bool>&pins_is_explicitly_not_connected) const;
 	// Not currently used.
 #if 0
       bool elaborate_sig_udp_(Design*des, NetScope*scope, PUdp*udp) const;

PGenerate.h

@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@
 # include  <list>
 # include  <map>
 # include  <valarray>
+# include  <vector>
 # include  "pform_types.h"
 
 class Design;
 class NetScope;
+class PClass;
 class PExpr;
 class PFunction;
 class PProcess;
@@ -92,9 +94,11 @@ class PGenerate : public PNamedItem, public LexicalScope {
       std::list<PGate*> gates;
       void add_gate(PGate*);
 
-	// Tasks instantiated within this scheme.
+	// Definitions instantiated within this scheme.
       std::map<perm_string,PTask*> tasks;
       std::map<perm_string,PFunction*>funcs;
+      std::map<perm_string,PClass*> classes;
+      std::vector<PClass*> classes_lexical;
 
 	// Generate schemes can contain further generate schemes.
       std::list<PGenerate*> generate_schemes;

PScope.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_PScope_H
 #define IVL_PScope_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2008-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ class LexicalScope {
 	    bool overridable;
 	      // Whether the parameter is a type parameter
 	    bool type_flag = false;
+	      // Type restriction for a type parameter
+	    type_restrict_t type_restrict;
 	      // The lexical position of the declaration
 	    unsigned lexical_pos = 0;
 

Statement.h

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class NetCAssign;
 class NetDeassign;
 class NetForce;
 class NetScope;
+class NetNet;
+class netdarray_t;
 
 /*
  * The PProcess is the root of a behavioral process. Each process gets
@@ -261,16 +263,42 @@ class PCallTask  : public Statement {
 					 perm_string method_name,
 					 const char *sys_task_name,
 				         const std::vector<perm_string> &parm_names = {}) const;
+      NetProc*elaborate_sys_task_property_method_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+						  NetNet*net, int property_idx,
+						  perm_string method_name,
+						  const char *sys_task_name,
+				          const std::vector<perm_string> &parm_names = {}) const;
       NetProc*elaborate_queue_method_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 				      NetNet*net,
 				      perm_string method_name,
 				      const char *sys_task_name,
 				      const std::vector<perm_string> &parm_names) const;
+      NetProc*elaborate_queue_property_method_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+					       NetNet*net, int property_idx,
+					       perm_string method_name,
+					       const char *sys_task_name,
+					       const std::vector<perm_string> &parm_names) const;
       NetProc*elaborate_method_func_(NetScope*scope,
 				     NetNet*net,
 				     ivl_type_t type,
 				     perm_string method_name,
 				     const char*sys_task_name) const;
+      NetProc*elaborate_method_property_func_(NetScope*scope,
+						NetNet*net, int property_idx,
+						ivl_type_t type,
+						perm_string method_name,
+						const char*sys_task_name) const;
+      NetProc*elaborate_queue_method_expr_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
+					   NetExpr*queue_base,
+					   const netdarray_t*use_darray,
+					   perm_string method_name,
+					   const char *sys_task_name,
+					   const std::vector<perm_string> &parm_names) const;
+      NetProc*elaborate_method_func_expr_(NetScope*scope,
+					  NetExpr*queue_base,
+					  ivl_type_t type,
+					  perm_string method_name,
+					  const char*sys_task_name) const;
       bool test_task_calls_ok_(Design*des, const NetScope*scope) const;
 
       PPackage*package_;

aclocal.m4

@@ -1,392 +1,27 @@
+# generated automatically by aclocal 1.18.1 -*- Autoconf -*-
 
-# AX_ENABLE_SUFFIX
-# ----------------
-#  Create the configure option --enable-suffix[=suffix] to generate suffix
-# strings for the installed commands. This allows for shared installs of
-# different builds. Remember to change the default suffix string to some
-# value appropriate for the current version.
-AC_DEFUN([AX_ENABLE_SUFFIX],
-[AC_ARG_ENABLE([suffix],[AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-suffix],
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-if test X$enable_suffix = Xyes; then
-  install_suffix='-dev'
-elif test X$enable_suffix = Xno; then
-  install_suffix=''
-else
-  install_suffix="$enable_suffix"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(install_suffix)
-])# AX_ENABLE_SUFFIX
+# Copyright (C) 1996-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# _AX_C_UNDERSCORES_MATCH_IFELSE(PATTERN, ACTION-IF-MATCH, ACTION-IF-NOMATCH)
-# ------------------------------
-# Sub-macro for AX_C_UNDERSCORES_LEADING and AX_C_UNDERSCORES_TRAILING.
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-[AS_IF([$NM conftest.$ac_objext|grep $1 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null],[$2],[$3])],
-[AC_MSG_ERROR([underscore test crashed])]
-)])
+# This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
 
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
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-popdef([ac_cv_host_vendor])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_host_cpu])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_host_alias])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_host])dnl
-popdef([host_os])dnl
-popdef([host_vendor])dnl
-popdef([host_cpu])dnl
-popdef([host_alias])dnl
-popdef([host])dnl
-popdef([OBJEXT])dnl
-popdef([LDFLAGS])dnl
-popdef([EXEEXT])dnl
-popdef([CPPFLAGS])dnl
-popdef([CFLAGS])dnl
-popdef([GCC])dnl
-popdef([CPP])dnl
-popdef([CC])dnl
-popdef([ac_objext])dnl
-popdef([ac_exeext])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_objext])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_exeext])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_g])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_cross])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_works])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_c89])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_gcc])dnl
-popdef([ac_cv_prog_CPP])dnl
-
-dnl restore global variables ac_ext, ac_cpp, ac_compile,
-dnl ac_link, ac_compiler_gnu (dependant on the current
-dnl language after popping):
-AC_LANG_POP([C])
-
-dnl Finally, set Makefile variables
-dnl
-AC_SUBST(BUILD_EXEEXT)dnl
-AC_SUBST(BUILD_OBJEXT)dnl
-AC_SUBST([CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
-AC_SUBST([CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
-AC_SUBST([LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
-])
+m4_ifndef([AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [m4_defun([_AM_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [])m4_defun([AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [_AM_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS($@)])])
+m4_include([m4/_ac_am_config_header_hook.m4])
+m4_include([m4/_ax_c_underscores_match_if.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_c99_strtod.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_c_picflag.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_c_underscores_leading.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_c_underscores_trailing.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_enable_suffix.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_ld_extralibs.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_ld_rdynamic.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_ld_sharedlib_opts.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_prog_cc_for_build.m4])
+m4_include([m4/ax_win32.m4])

cadpli/Makefile.in

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in ../config.status
 dep:
 	mkdir dep
 
-%.o: %.c
+%.o: %.c | dep
 	$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) @DEPENDENCY_FLAG@ -c $<
 	mv $*.d dep
 

cadpli/cadpli.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2003-2010 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void thunker_register(void)
 	    strncpy(module, cp, bp-cp);
 	    module[bp-cp] = 0;
 
-	    mod = ivl_dlopen(module);
+	    mod = ivl_dlopen(module, false);
 	    if (mod == 0) {
 		  vpi_printf("%s link: %s\n", vlog_info.argv[idx], dlerror());
 		  free(module);

cadpli/cppcheck.sup

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ nullPointerOutOfMemory:cadpli.c:53
 nullPointerOutOfMemory:cadpli.c:54
 
 // Unused function
-unusedFunction:ivl_dlfcn.h:73
+unusedFunction:ivl_dlfcn.h:87

cadpli/ivl_dlfcn.h

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef IVL_ivl_dlfcn_H
-#define IVL_ivl_dlfcn_H
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2001-2014 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
- *
- *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
- *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
- *    General Public License as published by the Free Software
- *    Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *    any later version.
- *
- *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *    GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
- */
-
-#if defined(__MINGW32__)
-# include <windows.h>
-# include <stdio.h>
-typedef void * ivl_dll_t;
-#elif defined(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
-# include  <dlfcn.h>
-typedef void* ivl_dll_t;
-#elif defined(HAVE_DL_H)
-# include  <dl.h>
-typedef shl_t ivl_dll_t;
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__MINGW32__)
-static __inline__ ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char *name)
-{ return (void *)LoadLibrary(name); }
-
-static __inline__ void *ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char *nm)
-{ return (void *)GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE)dll,nm);}
-
-static __inline__ void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
-{ (void)FreeLibrary((HINSTANCE)dll);}
-
-static __inline__ const char *dlerror(void)
-{
-  static char msg[256];
-  unsigned long err = GetLastError();
-  FormatMessage(
-		FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-		NULL,
-		err,
-		MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), // Default language
-		(LPTSTR) &msg,
-		sizeof(msg) - 1,
-		NULL
-		);
-  return msg;
-}
-
-#elif defined(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
-static __inline__ ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name)
-{ return dlopen(name,RTLD_LAZY); }
-
-static __inline__ void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
-{
-      void*sym = dlsym(dll, nm);
-	/* Not found? try without the leading _ */
-      if (sym == 0 && nm[0] == '_')
-	    sym = dlsym(dll, nm+1);
-      return sym;
-}
-
-static __inline__ void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
-{ dlclose(dll); }
-
-#elif defined(HAVE_DL_H)
-static __inline__ ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name)
-{ return shl_load(name, BIND_IMMEDIATE, 0); }
-
-static __inline__ void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
-{
-      void*sym;
-      int rc = shl_findsym(&dll, nm, TYPE_PROCEDURE, &sym);
-      return (rc == 0) ? sym : 0;
-}
-
-static __inline__ void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
-{ shl_unload(dll); }
-
-static __inline__ const char*dlerror(void)
-{ return strerror( errno ); }
-#endif
-
-#endif /* IVL_ivl_dlfcn_H */

compiler.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_compiler_H
 #define IVL_compiler_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2021 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ extern bool warn_sens_entire_arr;
 /* Warn about level-appropriate anachronisms. */
 extern bool warn_anachronisms;
 
+/* Warn about declaration after use (unless flaged as errors). */
+extern bool warn_decl_after_use;
+
 /* Warn about nets that are references but not driven. */
 extern bool warn_floating_nets;
 
@@ -162,6 +165,8 @@ enum generation_t {
       GN_VER2005_SV  = 5,
       GN_VER2009  = 6,
       GN_VER2012  = 7,
+      GN_VER2017  = 8,
+      GN_VER2023  = 9,
       GN_DEFAULT  = 4
 };
 
@@ -210,6 +215,20 @@ extern bool gn_strict_expr_width_flag;
    loop. */
 extern bool gn_shared_loop_index_flag;
 
+/* If this flag is true (default), then parameters must be declared before
+   use. `-gno-strict[-parameter]-declaration` allows to use parameters before
+   declaration, as prior to version 13.
+   A warning is emited with -Wdeclaration-after-use (default).
+ */
+extern bool gn_strict_parameter_declaration;
+
+/* If this flag is true (default), then nets and variablesmust be declared
+   before use. `-gno-strict[-net-var]-declaration` allows to use nets and
+   variables before declaration, as prior to version 13.
+   A warning is emited with -Wdeclaration-after-use (default).
+ */
+extern bool gn_strict_net_var_declaration;
+
 static inline bool gn_system_verilog(void)
 {
       if (generation_flag >= GN_VER2005_SV)

config.guess

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Attempt to guess a canonical system name.
-#   Copyright 1992-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#   Copyright 1992-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2006,SC2268 # see below for rationale
 
-timestamp='2025-07-10'
+timestamp='2026-05-17'
 
 # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ version="\
 GNU config.guess ($timestamp)
 
 Originally written by Per Bothner.
-Copyright 1992-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright 1992-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ UNAME_SYSTEM=`(uname -s) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_SYSTEM=unknown
 UNAME_VERSION=`(uname -v) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_VERSION=unknown
 
 case $UNAME_SYSTEM in
-Linux|GNU|GNU/*)
+Ironclad|Linux|GNU|GNU/*)
 	LIBC=unknown
 
 	set_cc_for_build
@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ Linux|GNU|GNU/*)
 	LIBC=gnu
 	#elif defined(__LLVM_LIBC__)
 	LIBC=llvm
+	#elif defined(__mlibc__)
+	LIBC=mlibc
 	#else
 	#include <stdarg.h>
 	/* First heuristic to detect musl libc.  */
@@ -1186,6 +1188,9 @@ EOF
     sparc:Linux:*:* | sparc64:Linux:*:*)
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-linux-$LIBC
 	;;
+    sw_64:Linux:*:*)
+	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-linux-$LIBC
+	;;
     tile*:Linux:*:*)
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-linux-$LIBC
 	;;
@@ -1598,10 +1603,10 @@ EOF
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-unleashed$UNAME_RELEASE
 	;;
     x86_64:[Ii]ronclad:*:*|i?86:[Ii]ronclad:*:*)
-	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-pc-ironclad-mlibc
+	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-pc-ironclad-$LIBC
 	;;
     *:[Ii]ronclad:*:*)
-	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-ironclad-mlibc
+	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-ironclad-$LIBC
 	;;
 esac
 

config.sub

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Configuration validation subroutine script.
-#   Copyright 1992-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#   Copyright 1992-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2006,SC2268,SC2162 # see below for rationale
 
-timestamp='2025-07-10'
+timestamp='2026-05-17'
 
 # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Report bugs and patches to <config-patches@gnu.org>."
 version="\
 GNU config.sub ($timestamp)
 
-Copyright 1992-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright 1992-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
@@ -1432,6 +1432,7 @@ case $cpu-$vendor in
 			| sparcv9v \
 			| spu \
 			| sv1 \
+			| sw_64 \
 			| sx* \
 			| tahoe \
 			| thumbv7* \
@@ -1525,7 +1526,7 @@ EOF
 		;;
 	ironclad*)
 		kernel=ironclad
-		os=`echo "$basic_os" | sed -e 's|ironclad|mlibc|'`
+		os=`echo "$basic_os" | sed -e 's|ironclad|gnu|'`
 		;;
 	linux*)
 		kernel=linux
@@ -2220,7 +2221,7 @@ case $kernel-$os-$obj in
 		;;
 	uclinux-uclibc*- | uclinux-gnu*- )
 		;;
-	ironclad-mlibc*-)
+	ironclad-gnu*- | ironclad-mlibc*- )
 		;;
 	managarm-mlibc*- | managarm-kernel*- )
 		;;

configure.ac

@@ -1,6 +1,35 @@
 dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-AC_INIT
+
+AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS([m4])
+
+dnl Define project version
+m4_define([VER_MAJOR], [14])
+m4_define([VER_MINOR], [0])
+m4_define([VER_EXTRA], [devel])
+
+dnl define libvvp ABI version
+m4_define([LIBVVP_SOVERSION], [1])
+
+AC_INIT([iverilog], [VER_MAJOR.VER_MINOR (VER_EXTRA)])
+AC_SUBST([VERSION_MAJOR], [VER_MAJOR])
+AC_SUBST([VERSION_MINOR], [VER_MINOR])
+AC_SUBST([VERSION_EXTRA], [" (VER_EXTRA)"])
+AC_SUBST([VERSION], ["VER_MAJOR.VER_MINOR (VER_EXTRA)"])
+# used in res.rc
+AC_SUBST([PRODUCTVERSION], ["VER_MAJOR,VER_MINOR,0,0"])
+
+# setup libvvp soversion, which depends on abi not package version
+AC_SUBST([LIBVVP_SOVERSION], [LIBVVP_SOVERSION])
+# setup libvvp version
+AC_SUBST([LIBVVP_VERSION], [LIBVVP_SOVERSION.VER_MAJOR.VER_MINOR])
+
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([netlist.h])
+# Need a stamp file like the other header files
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([version_base.h],[
+_config_header=version_base.h
+_stamp_name=stamp-`expr //$_config_header : '.*/\([[^./]]*\)\.[[^./]]*$'`-h
+echo "timestamp for $_config_header" > `AS_DIRNAME(["$_config_header"])`/[]$_stamp_name
+])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([_pli_types.h])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([vhdlpp/vhdlpp_config.h])
@@ -18,6 +47,10 @@ AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD
 AC_PREREQ([2.62])
 m4_version_prereq([2.70], [], [AC_PROG_CC_C99])
 AC_PROG_CXX
+
+# Require C++11 (avoid newer defaults like C++23 from newer toolchains)
+AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX(11, noext, mandatory)
+
 AC_PROG_RANLIB
 AC_CHECK_TOOL(LD, ld, false)
 AC_CHECK_TOOL(AR, ar, false)
@@ -65,6 +98,20 @@ AC_SUBST(EXEEXT)
 # Combined check for Microsoft-related bogosities; sets WIN32 if found
 AX_WIN32
 
+# Detect which directory/file separator to use
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for directory/file separator])
+
+AS_CASE([$host_os:$MSYSTEM],
+  [*mingw*:UCRT64|*mingw*:MINGW64|*mingw*:MINGW32|*mingw*:CLANG64|*mingw*:CLANGARM64], [
+    PATH_SEP=\\\\
+  ],
+  [
+    PATH_SEP=/
+  ]
+)
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$PATH_SEP])
+AC_SUBST([PATH_SEP])
+
 # Check to see if we are using the Sun compiler. If so then configure
 # some of the flags to match the Sun compiler syntax. This is also used
 # in the aclocal.m4 file to configure the flags used to build and link
@@ -184,7 +231,14 @@ AC_FUNC_FSEEKO
 # Build VVP as a library and stub
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([libvvp],
     [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-libvvp], [build VVP as a shared library])],
-    [AC_SUBST(LIBVVP, yes)],[])
+    [enable_libvvp=yes],
+    [enable_libvvp=no])
+
+AC_SUBST([LIBVVP], [$enable_libvvp])
+
+AS_IF([test "x$enable_libvvp" = "xyes"],
+    [AC_MSG_NOTICE([Building with libvvp support enabled])],
+    [AC_MSG_NOTICE([Building with libvvp support disabled])])
 
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([libveriuser],
     [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-libveriuser], [include support for PLI 1 (deprecated)])],
@@ -269,6 +323,27 @@ case "${host}" in
 	;;
 esac
 
+# Setup test environment for running vvp from build directory
+VVP_BUILDDIR="$(pwd)/vvp"
+case "$host_os" in
+  linux*)
+    ENV_VVP="LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VVP_BUILDDIR"
+    ;;
+  *bsd*)
+    ENV_VVP="LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VVP_BUILDDIR"
+    ;;
+  darwin*)
+    ENV_VVP="DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VVP_BUILDDIR"
+    ;;
+  *)
+    # Since the libvvp DLL is located in the same directory as the
+    # vvp executable, no action is required here
+    ENV_VVP=""
+    ;;
+esac
+AC_SUBST([ENV_VVP])
+
+
 # Do some more operating system specific setup. We put the file64_support
 # define in a substitution instead of simply a define because there
 # are source files (namely lxt support files) that don't include any
@@ -366,5 +441,32 @@ then
 AC_MSG_ERROR(cannot configure white space in libdir: $libdir)
 fi
 AC_MSG_RESULT(ok)
-AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile ivlpp/Makefile vhdlpp/Makefile vvp/Makefile vpi/Makefile driver/Makefile driver-vpi/Makefile cadpli/Makefile libveriuser/Makefile tgt-null/Makefile tgt-stub/Makefile tgt-vvp/Makefile tgt-vhdl/Makefile tgt-fpga/Makefile tgt-verilog/Makefile tgt-pal/Makefile tgt-vlog95/Makefile tgt-pcb/Makefile tgt-blif/Makefile tgt-sizer/Makefile])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([
+    Makefile
+    cadpli/Makefile
+    driver-vpi/Makefile
+    driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi.man
+    driver-vpi/res.rc
+    driver/Makefile
+    driver/iverilog.man
+    ivlpp/Makefile
+    ivtest/Makefile
+    libveriuser/Makefile
+    tgt-blif/Makefile
+    tgt-fpga/Makefile
+    tgt-null/Makefile
+    tgt-pal/Makefile
+    tgt-pcb/Makefile
+    tgt-sizer/Makefile
+    tgt-stub/Makefile
+    tgt-verilog/Makefile
+    tgt-vhdl/Makefile
+    tgt-vlog95/Makefile
+    tgt-vvp/Makefile
+    vhdlpp/Makefile
+    vpi/Makefile
+    vvp/Makefile
+    vvp/libvvp.pc
+    vvp/vvp.man
+])
 AC_OUTPUT

cppcheck.sup

@@ -10,47 +10,49 @@ nullPointerOutOfMemory
 ctuuninitvar:parse_misc.cc:61
 
 // Skip strdup() not constant.
-constVariablePointer:main.cc:400
-constVariablePointer:main.cc:404
-constVariablePointer:main.cc:654
+constVariablePointer:main.cc:421
+constVariablePointer:main.cc:425
+constVariablePointer:main.cc:675
 
 // const auto should be const
 constVariablePointer:elab_expr.cc:344
-constVariablePointer:elab_expr.cc:413
+constVariablePointer:elab_expr.cc:347
+constVariablePointer:elab_expr.cc:416
 
 // The reference cannot be const since it is updated in the calling function.
 constParameterReference:net_udp.cc:37
 
 // These cannot be static since they access object data
 functionStatic:net_link.cc:178
-functionStatic:net_link.cc:183
-functionStatic:net_link.cc:188
-functionStatic:net_link.cc:193
+functionStatic:net_link.cc:184
+functionStatic:net_link.cc:189
+functionStatic:net_link.cc:194
 
 // This cannot be static when checking with valgrind
 functionStatic:libmisc/StringHeap.cc
 
 // Skip not initialized in the constructor for target scope
+uninitMemberVar:t-dll.cc:41
 uninitMemberVar:t-dll.cc:109
 
 // By convention we put statics at the top scope.
-variableScope:pform.cc:3461
+variableScope:pform.cc:3499
 
 // These are correct and are used to find the base (zero) pin.
-thisSubtraction:netlist.h:5309
-thisSubtraction:netlist.h:5318
+thisSubtraction:netlist.h:5376
+thisSubtraction:netlist.h:5385
 
 // This is used when running a debugger
 // debugger_release
-knownConditionTrueFalse:main.cc:931
+knownConditionTrueFalse:main.cc:955
 
 // These should be checked, but are not real issues
-knownConditionTrueFalse:elaborate.cc:7621
-knownConditionTrueFalse:elab_sig.cc:271
-knownConditionTrueFalse:elab_sig.cc:338
+knownConditionTrueFalse:elaborate.cc:7970
+knownConditionTrueFalse:elab_sig.cc:272
+knownConditionTrueFalse:elab_sig.cc:345
 
 // Yes, it's a duplicate
-duplicateCondition:elaborate.cc:7672
+duplicateCondition:elaborate.cc:8021
 
 // To complicated to use std::find_if()
 useStlAlgorithm:map_named_args.cc:38
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ useStlAlgorithm:map_named_args.cc:38
 derefInvalidIterator:netmisc.cc:420
 
 // By convention we put statics at the top scope.
-variableScope:t-dll.cc:2377
+variableScope:t-dll.cc:2309
 
 // We check memory allocation with valgrind
 unsafeClassCanLeak:libmisc/StringHeap.h:79
@@ -720,31 +722,33 @@ unusedFunction:Statement.h:192
 // chain_args()
 unusedFunction:Statement.h:341
 // gn_modules_nest()
-unusedFunction:compiler.h:228
+unusedFunction:compiler.h:247
 // driven_mask()
 unusedFunction:link_const.cc:275
 // find_root_scope()
 unusedFunction:net_design.cc:121
 // assign_lval()
-unusedFunction:net_link.cc:282
+unusedFunction:net_link.cc:283
 // intersect()
-unusedFunction:net_link.cc:689
+unusedFunction:net_link.cc:687
 // get_def_fileline()
 unusedFunction:net_scope.cc:201
 // get_module_port_info()
-unusedFunction:net_scope.cc:591
+unusedFunction:net_scope.cc:600
 // find_link_signal()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:111
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:113
 // find_link()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:297
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:304
 // set_module_port_index()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:651
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:658
 // width_a()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:1678
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:1685
 // width_b()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:1683
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:1690
 // result_sig()
-unusedFunction:netlist.cc:2184
+unusedFunction:netlist.cc:2191
+// soft_union()
+unusedFunction:netstruct.h:93
 // test_protected()
 unusedFunction:property_qual.h:50
 // test_rand()
@@ -756,13 +760,14 @@ unusedFunction:t-dll-expr.cc:55
 // mul_expr_by_const_()
 unusedFunction:t-dll-expr.cc:91
 // net_assign()
-unusedFunction:t-dll.cc:2368
+unusedFunction:t-dll.cc:2300
 // is_before()
 unusedFunction:verinum.cc:588
 
 // Errors/limitations in the generated yacc and lex files
 constVariablePointer:<stdout>
 cstyleCast:<stdout>
+duplicateBreak:<stdout>
 nullPointer:<stdout>
 redundantInitialization:<stdout>
 syntaxError:<stdout>

cprop.cc

@@ -180,9 +180,7 @@ void cprop_functor::lpm_mux(Design*des, NetMux*obj)
 		 << "Replace binary MUX with constant select=" << sel_val
 		 << " with a BUFZ to the selected input." << endl;
 
-      tmp->rise_time(obj->rise_time());
-      tmp->fall_time(obj->fall_time());
-      tmp->decay_time(obj->decay_time());
+      tmp->delay_times(obj->delay_times());
 
       connect(tmp->pin(0), obj->pin_Result());
       if (sel_val == verinum::V1)

design_dump.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2021 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -90,6 +90,30 @@ ostream& operator << (ostream&o, ivl_drive_t str)
       return o;
 }
 
+ostream &operator << (ostream &o, const drive_strength_t &strength)
+{
+      o << strength.drive0 << "0 " << strength.drive1 << "1";
+      return o;
+}
+
+static void dump_delay_expr(ostream &o, const NetExpr *expr)
+{
+      if (expr)
+	    o << *expr;
+      else
+	    o << "0";
+}
+
+ostream &operator << (ostream &o, const delay_exprs_t &delays)
+{
+      dump_delay_expr(o, delays.rise);
+      o << ",";
+      dump_delay_expr(o, delays.fall);
+      o << ",";
+      dump_delay_expr(o, delays.decay);
+      return o;
+}
+
 ostream& operator << (ostream&o, ivl_variable_type_t val)
 {
       switch (val) {
@@ -454,8 +478,7 @@ void NetNet::dump_net(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
       o << " (eref=" << peek_eref() << ", lref=" << peek_lref() << ")";
       if (scope())
 	    o << " scope=" << scope_path(scope());
-      o << " #(" << rise_time() << "," << fall_time() << ","
-	<<  decay_time() << ") vector_width=" << vector_width()
+      o << " #(" << delay_times() << ") vector_width=" << vector_width()
 	<< " pin_count=" << pin_count();
       if (pins_are_virtual()) {
 	    o << " pins_are_virtual" << endl;
@@ -486,8 +509,7 @@ void NetNet::dump_net(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 void NetNode::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "node: ";
-      o << typeid(*this).name() << " #(" << rise_time()
-	<< "," << fall_time() << "," << decay_time() << ") " << name()
+      o << typeid(*this).name() << " #(" << delay_times() << ") " << name()
 	<< endl;
 
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
@@ -518,8 +540,7 @@ void NetPins::dump_node_pins(ostream&o, unsigned ind, const char**pin_names) con
 		  break;
 	    }
 
-	    o << " (" << pin(idx).drive0() << "0 "
-	      << pin(idx).drive1() << "1): ";
+	    o << " (" << pin(idx).drive() << "): ";
 
 	    if (pin(idx).is_linked()) {
 		  const Nexus*nex = pin(idx).nexus();
@@ -622,11 +643,7 @@ void NetConcat::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 	    o << setw(ind) << "" << "NetConcat: ";
       o << name();
 
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	      << "," << *fall_time() << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
-      else
-	    o << " #(0,0,0)";
+      o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       o << " scope=" << scope_path(scope())
 	<< " width=" << width_ << endl;
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
@@ -651,14 +668,7 @@ void NetPow::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "LPM_POW (NetPow): " << name()
 	<< " scope=" << scope_path(scope())
-	<< " delay=(";
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << *rise_time() << "," << *fall_time() << ","
-	      <<  *decay_time();
-      else
-	    o << "0,0,0";
-
-      o << ")"  << endl;
+	<< " delay=(" << delay_times() << ")" << endl;
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
       dump_obj_attr(o, ind+4);
 }
@@ -676,8 +686,7 @@ void NetBUFZ::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "NetBUFZ: " << name()
 	<< " scope=" << scope_path(scope())
-	<< " delay=(" << rise_time() << "," << fall_time() << "," <<
-	    decay_time() << ") width=" << width()
+	<< " delay=(" << delay_times() << ") width=" << width()
 	<< (transparent()? " " : " non-") << "transparent" << endl;
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
 }
@@ -693,10 +702,8 @@ void NetConst::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "constant " << value_;
       o << ": " << name();
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	      << "," << *fall_time()
-	      << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       else
 	    o << " #(.,.,.)";
       o << endl;
@@ -729,10 +736,8 @@ void NetLiteral::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "constant real " << real_
 	<< ": " << name();
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	      << "," << *fall_time()
-	      << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       else
 	    o << " #(.,.,.)";
       o << endl;
@@ -810,8 +815,7 @@ void NetLogic::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 	    o << "xor";
 	    break;
       }
-      o << " #(" << rise_time()
-	<< "," << fall_time() << "," << decay_time() << ") " << name()
+      o << " #(" << delay_times() << ") " << name()
 	<< " scope=" << scope_path(scope())
 	<< endl;
 
@@ -839,10 +843,8 @@ void NetPartSelect::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
       }
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "NetPartSelect(" << pt << "): "
 	<< name();
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	      << "," << *fall_time()
-	      << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       else
 	    o << " #(.,.,.)";
       o << " off=" << off_ << " wid=" << wid_ <<endl;
@@ -854,10 +856,8 @@ void NetSubstitute::dump_node(ostream&fd, unsigned ind) const
 {
       fd << setw(ind) << "" << "NetSubstitute: "
 	 << name();
-      if (rise_time())
-	    fd << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	       << "," << *fall_time()
-	       << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    fd << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       else
 	    fd << " #(.,.,.)";
       fd << " width=" << wid_ << " base=" << off_ <<endl;
@@ -877,10 +877,8 @@ void NetReplicate::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 void NetSignExtend::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "NetSignExtend: " << name();
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" << *rise_time()
-	      << "," << *fall_time()
-	      << "," << *decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       else
 	    o << " #(.,.,.)";
       o << " output width=" << width_ << endl;
@@ -914,8 +912,7 @@ void NetUReduce::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 	    o << "xnor";
 	    break;
       }
-      o << " #(" << rise_time()
-	<< "," << fall_time() << "," << decay_time() << ") " << name()
+      o << " #(" << delay_times() << ") " << name()
 	<< " scope=" << scope_path(scope())
 	<< endl;
 
@@ -935,10 +932,8 @@ void NetUserFunc::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "USER FUNC: "
 	<< scope_path(def_);
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << " #(" <<*rise_time()
-	      <<","<<*fall_time()
-	      << "," <<*decay_time() << ")";
+      if (delay_times().has_delay())
+	    o << " #(" << delay_times() << ")";
       o << endl;
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
       dump_obj_attr(o, ind+4);
@@ -986,14 +981,7 @@ void NetTran::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 	      << " part=" << part_width()
 	      << " offset=" << part_offset();
       }
-      o << " delay=(";
-      if (rise_time())
-	    o << *rise_time() << "," << *fall_time() << ","
-	      << *decay_time();
-      else
-	    o << "0,0,0";
-
-      o << ")" << endl;
+      o << " delay=(" << delay_times() << ")" << endl;
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
       dump_obj_attr(o, ind+4);
 }
@@ -1001,8 +989,7 @@ void NetTran::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 void NetUDP::dump_node(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
 {
       o << setw(ind) << "" << "UDP (" << udp_name() << "): ";
-      o << " #(" << rise_time() << "," << fall_time() << "," << decay_time() <<
-	    ") " << name() << endl;
+      o << " #(" << delay_times() << ") " << name() << endl;
 
       dump_node_pins(o, ind+4);
       dump_obj_attr(o, ind+4);
@@ -1151,7 +1138,7 @@ void NetAssignNB::dump(ostream&o, unsigned ind) const
       if (rval())
 	    o << *rval() << ";" << endl;
       else
-	    o << "rval elaboration error>;" << endl;
+	    o << "<rval elaboration error>;" << endl;
 
 }
 

driver-vpi/Makefile.in

@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ suffix = @install_suffix@
 bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
 libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib
 includedir = $(prefix)/include
-mandir = @mandir@
+# This is actually the directory where we install our own header files.
+# It is a little different from the generic includedir.
+ivl_includedir = @includedir@/iverilog$(suffix)
+man1dir = @mandir@/man1
+docdir = @docdir@
 
 dllib=@DLLIB@
 
@@ -39,8 +43,11 @@ CC = @CC@
 HOSTCC := @CC@
 WINDRES = @WINDRES@
 INSTALL = @INSTALL@
+INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
 INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
 INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
+MAN = @MAN@
+PS2PDF = @PS2PDF@
 
 ifeq (@srcdir@,.)
 INCLUDE_PATH = -I. -I..
@@ -48,19 +55,36 @@ else
 INCLUDE_PATH = -I. -I.. -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/..
 endif
 
-CPPFLAGS = $(INCLUDE_PATH) @CPPFLAGS@ @DEFS@
+CPPFLAGS = @DEFS@ $(INCLUDE_PATH) @CPPFLAGS@
 CFLAGS = @WARNING_FLAGS@ @WARNING_FLAGS_CC@ @CFLAGS@
 CXXFLAGS = @WARNING_FLAGS@ @WARNING_FLAGS_CXX@ @CXXFLAGS@
-LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
+PICFLAGS = @PICFLAG@
+LDFLAGS = @rdynamic@ @LDFLAGS@
 
 O = main.o res.o
 
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
 all: iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@
+else
+all: iverilog-vpi
+endif
+
+INSTALL_DOC =
+ifneq ($(MAN),none)
+INSTALL_DOC += installman
+ifneq ($(PS2PDF),none)
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
+INSTALL_DOC += installpdf
+all: iverilog-vpi.pdf
+endif
+endif
+endif
 
 check: all
 
 clean:
-	rm -f *.o config.h iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@ res.rc
+	rm -f *.o config.h iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@ iverilog-vpi \
+	      iverilog-vpi.man iverilog-vpi.ps iverilog-vpi.pdf res.rc
 
 distclean: clean
 	rm -f Makefile config.log
@@ -75,8 +99,24 @@ cppcheck: main.c config.h
 Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in ../config.status
 	cd ..; ./config.status --file=driver-vpi/$@
 
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
 iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@: $O
 	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $O -o iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@ @EXTRALIBS@
+endif
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,no)
+iverilog-vpi: $(srcdir)/iverilog-vpi.sh ../config.status
+	sed -e 's;@SHARED@;@shared@;' -e 's;@PIC@;@PICFLAG@;' \
+	    -e 's;@ENABLE_PLI1@;@LIBVERIUSER@;' \
+	    -e 's;@SUFFIX@;$(suffix);' \
+	    -e 's;@IVCC@;$(CC);' \
+	    -e 's;@IVCXX@;@CXX@;' \
+	    -e 's;@IVCFLAGS@;$(CFLAGS);' \
+	    -e 's;@IVCXXFLAGS@;$(CXXFLAGS);' \
+	    -e 's;@IVCTARGETFLAGS@;@CTARGETFLAGS@;' \
+	    -e 's;@INCLUDEDIR@;$(ivl_includedir);' \
+	    -e 's;@LIBDIR@;@libdir@;' $< > $@
+	chmod +x $@
+endif
 
 main.o: $(srcdir)/main.c config.h
 	$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c $(srcdir)/main.c
@@ -95,20 +135,39 @@ else
 endif
 
 # Windows specific...
-res.rc: $(srcdir)/res.rc.in ../version.exe
-	sed -e 's;@PRODUCTVERSION@;'`../version.exe '%M,%n,0,0'`';' \
-	$(srcdir)/res.rc.in > $@
+res.rc: $(srcdir)/res.rc.in ../config.status
+	cd ..; ./config.status --file=driver-vpi/$@
 
 res.o: res.rc
 	$(WINDRES) -i res.rc -o res.o
 #
 
+iverilog-vpi.man: $(srcdir)/iverilog-vpi.man.in ../config.status
+	cd ..; ./config.status --file=driver-vpi/$@
+
+iverilog-vpi.ps: iverilog-vpi.man
+	$(MAN) -t ./$< > $@
+
+iverilog-vpi.pdf: iverilog-vpi.ps
+	$(PS2PDF) $< $@
+
 install: all installdirs installfiles
 
-F = ./iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@
+F = $(INSTALL_DOC)
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
+F += ./iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@
+endif
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,no)
+F += ./iverilog-vpi
+endif
 
 installfiles: $(F) | installdirs
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
 	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) ./iverilog-vpi@EXEEXT@ "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix)@EXEEXT@"
+endif
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,no)
+	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) ./iverilog-vpi "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix)"
+endif
 ifeq (@WIN32@,yes)
 ifneq ($(HOSTCC),$(CC))
 	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(shell $(HOSTCC) --print-file-name=libwinpthread-1.dll) "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)"
@@ -117,8 +176,24 @@ ifneq ($(HOSTCC),$(CC))
 endif
 endif
 
+installman: iverilog-vpi.man installdirs
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog-vpi.man "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).1"
+
+installpdf: iverilog-vpi.pdf installdirs
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog-vpi.pdf "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).pdf"
+
 installdirs: $(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs
-	$(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)"
+	$(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)" \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)"
 
 uninstall:
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
 	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix)@EXEEXT@
+endif
+ifeq (@MINGW32@,no)
+	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix)
+endif
+	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).1" \
+	      "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/iverilog-vpi$(suffix).pdf"

driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi.man.in

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH iverilog-vpi 1 "Jan 13th, 2026" "" "Version %M.%n%E"
+.TH iverilog-vpi 1 "Jan 13th, 2026" "" "Version @VERSION@"
 .SH NAME
 iverilog-vpi - Compile front end for VPI modules
 

driver-vpi/iverilog-vpi.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
+# Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+#
 #    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
 #    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
 #    Library General Public License as published by the Free Software

driver/Makefile.in

@@ -17,20 +17,26 @@
 #
 SHELL = /bin/sh
 
+EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
+ENV_VVP=@ENV_VVP@
+PATH_SEP=@PATH_SEP@
+
 suffix = @install_suffix@
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
 srcdir = @srcdir@
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+builddir=@builddir@
+top_builddir=@top_builddir@
 
 VPATH = $(srcdir)
 
 bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
 libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib
 includedir = $(prefix)/include
-mandir = @mandir@
-pdfdir = @docdir@
+man1dir = @mandir@/man1
+docdir = @docdir@
 
 dllib=@DLLIB@
 
@@ -58,11 +64,22 @@ O = main.o substit.o cflexor.o cfparse.o
 all: dep iverilog@EXEEXT@ iverilog.man
 
 check: all
+	@echo "driver/iverilog: create a vvp file and then run it."
+	@rm -f top.vvp
+	@$(builddir)/iverilog@EXEEXT@ \
+	    -B$(top_builddir)$(PATH_SEP)tgt-vvp \
+	    -BI$(top_builddir) \
+	    -BM$(top_builddir)$(PATH_SEP)vpi \
+	    -BP$(top_builddir)$(PATH_SEP)ivlpp \
+	    -Bt$(top_builddir)$(PATH_SEP)tgt-vvp \
+	    $(verbose) -o top.vvp -s top $(srcdir)/hello_world.v && \
+	$(ENV_VVP) $(top_builddir)/vvp/vvp$(suffix)@EXEEXT@ top.vvp
 
 clean:
 	rm -f *.o cflexor.c cfparse.c cfparse.h cfparse.output
 	rm -f iverilog@EXEEXT@ iverilog.man iverilog.pdf iverilog.ps
 	rm -rf dep
+	rm -f top.vvp
 
 distclean: clean
 	rm -f Makefile config.log
@@ -92,19 +109,18 @@ cflexor.c: $(srcdir)/cflexor.lex
 cfparse%c cfparse%h: $(srcdir)/cfparse%y
 	$(YACC) --verbose -t -p cf -d -o cfparse.c $<
 
-%.o: %.c
+%.o: %.c | dep
 	$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) @DEPENDENCY_FLAG@ -c $< -o $*.o
 	mv $*.d dep
 
-main.o: main.c globals.h $(srcdir)/../version_base.h ../version_tag.h Makefile
+main.o: main.c globals.h ../version_base.h ../version_tag.h Makefile | dep
 	$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) @DEPENDENCY_FLAG@ -c -DIVL_ROOT='"@libdir@/ivl$(suffix)"' -DIVL_SUFFIX='"$(suffix)"' -DIVL_INC='"@includedir@"' -DIVL_LIB='"@libdir@"' -DDLLIB='"@DLLIB@"' -DIVL_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR="\"$(realpath $(DESTDIR)/$(includedir))\"" $(srcdir)/main.c
 	mv $*.d dep
 
 cflexor.o: cflexor.c cfparse.h
 
-iverilog.man: $(srcdir)/iverilog.man.in ../version.exe
-	../version.exe `head -1 $<`'\n' > $@
-	tail -n +2 $< >> $@
+iverilog.man: $(srcdir)/iverilog.man.in ../config.status
+	cd ..; ./config.status --file=driver/$@
 
 iverilog.ps: iverilog.man
 	$(MAN) -t ./$< > $@
@@ -112,25 +128,15 @@ iverilog.ps: iverilog.man
 iverilog.pdf: iverilog.ps
 	$(PS2PDF) $< $@
 
+INSTALL_DOC =
+ifneq ($(MAN),none)
+INSTALL_DOC += installman
+ifneq ($(PS2PDF),none)
 ifeq (@MINGW32@,yes)
-ifeq ($(MAN),none)
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
-else
-ifeq ($(PS2PDF),none)
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
-else
-INSTALL_DOC = installpdf installman
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(pdfdir)
+INSTALL_DOC += installpdf
 all: iverilog.pdf
 endif
 endif
-INSTALL_DOCDIR = $(mandir)/man1
-else
-INSTALL_DOC = installman
-INSTALL_DOCDIR = $(mandir)/man1
-INSTALL_PDFDIR = $(prefix)
 endif
 
 install: all installdirs installfiles
@@ -139,21 +145,23 @@ F = ./iverilog@EXEEXT@ \
 	$(INSTALL_DOC)
 
 installman: iverilog.man installdirs
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog.man "$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/iverilog$(suffix).1"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog.man "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/iverilog$(suffix).1"
 
 installpdf: iverilog.pdf installdirs
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog.pdf "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/iverilog$(suffix).pdf"
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) iverilog.pdf "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/iverilog$(suffix).pdf"
 
 installfiles: $(F) | installdirs
 	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) ./iverilog@EXEEXT@ "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog$(suffix)@EXEEXT@"
 
 installdirs: $(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs
-	$(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" \
-		"$(DESTDIR)$(INSTALL_DOCDIR)" \
-		"$(DESTDIR)$(INSTALL_PDFDIR)"
+	$(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)" \
+	    "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)"
 
 uninstall:
 	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/iverilog$(suffix)@EXEEXT@"
-	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/iverilog$(suffix).1" "$(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/iverilog$(suffix).pdf"
+	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)/iverilog$(suffix).1" \
+	      "$(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/iverilog$(suffix).pdf"
 
 -include $(patsubst %.o, dep/%.d, $O)

driver/cppcheck.sup

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // cppcheck is wrong this is correct usage
-syntaxError:main.c:405
-syntaxError:main.c:408
+syntaxError:main.c:410
+syntaxError:main.c:413
 
 // cppcheck is missing the code adds a \0 at the previous location.
-knownConditionTrueFalse:main.c:1086
-redundantAssignment:main.c:1085
+knownConditionTrueFalse:main.c:1123
+redundantAssignment:main.c:1122
 
 // Skip all memory issues since they should be handled by ivl_alloc.h
 memleakOnRealloc
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ memleakOnRealloc:cfparse.y
 allocaCalled:cfparse.c
 constParameterPointer:cfparse.c
 constVariablePointer:cfparse.c
+invalidPrintfArgType_sint:cfparse.c
 knownConditionTrueFalse:cfparse.c
 sizeofwithnumericparameter:cfparse.c
+unsignedPositive:cfparse.c
 constVariablePointer:<stdout>
+duplicateBreak:<stdout>
 nullPointer:<stdout>
 redundantInitialization:<stdout>
 staticFunction:<stdout>

driver/hello_world.v

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module top;
+    initial $display("Hello World!");
+endmodule

driver/iverilog.man.in

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-.TH iverilog 1 "Jan 13th, 2026" "" "Version %M.%n%E"
+.TH iverilog 1 "Jan 13th, 2026" "" "Version @VERSION@"
 .SH NAME
 iverilog - Icarus Verilog compiler
 
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .B iverilog
-[\-EiRSuVv] [\-Bpath] [\-ccmdfile|\-fcmdfile] [\-Dmacro[=defn]]
+[\-EiRSuVv] [\-B[IMPVt]path] [\-ccmdfile|\-fcmdfile] [\-Dmacro[=defn]]
 [\-Pparameter=value] [\-pflag=value] [\-dname]
-[\-g1995\:|\-g2001\:|\-g2005\:|\-g2005-sv\:|\-g2009\:|\-g2012\:|\-g<feature>]
+[\-g1995\:|\-g2001\:|\-g2005\:|\-g2005-sv\:|\-g2009\:|\-g2012\:|\-g2017\:|\-g2023\:|\-g<feature>]
 [\-Iincludedir] [\-Lmoduledir] [\-mmodule] [\-M[mode=]file] [\-Nfile]
 [\-ooutputfilename] [\-stopmodule] [\-ttype] [\-Tmin/typ/max] [\-Wclass]
 [\-ypath] [\-lfile]
@@ -21,13 +21,36 @@ further processing. The main target is \fIvvp\fP for simulation.
 .SH OPTIONS
 \fIiverilog\fP accepts the following options:
 .TP 8
-.B -B\fIbase\fP
+.BI \-B path
 The \fIiverilog\fP program uses external programs and configuration
-files to preprocess and compile the Verilog source. Normally, the path
-used to locate these tools is built into the \fIiverilog\fP
-program. However, the \fB\-B\fP switch allows the user to select a
-different set of programs. The path given is used to locate
-\fIivlpp\fP, \fIivl\fP, code generators and the VPI modules.
+files to preprocess and compile Verilog source files. Normally, the
+paths used to locate these tools are built into the
+\fIiverilog\fP executable. The \fB\-B\fP option allows the user to
+override these paths.
+The specified path is used as the default base directory for locating
+\fIivlpp\fP, \fIivl\fP, code generators, configuration files, and
+VPI modules.
+Specialized forms of this option may be used to override individual
+tool paths:
+.RS
+.TP
+.BI \-BI path
+Directory for the \fIivl\fP parser.
+.TP
+.BI \-BM path
+Directory for VPI modules.
+.TP
+.BI \-BP path
+Directory for the \fIivlpp\fP preprocessor.
+.TP
+.BI \-BV path
+Directory for the \fIvhdlpp\fP VHDL preprocessor.
+.TP
+.BI \-Bt path
+Directory used to locate target configuration files for the
+\fB\-t\fP\fItarget\fP option. The configuration file name is
+\fItarget\fP.conf.
+.RE
 .TP 8
 .B -c\fIfile\fP -f\fIfile\fP
 These flags specify an input file that contains a list of Verilog
@@ -63,11 +86,11 @@ is the Verilog input, but with file inclusions and macro references
 expanded and removed. This is useful, for example, to preprocess
 Verilog source for use by other compilers.
 .TP 8
-.B -g1995\fI|\fP-g2001\fI|\fP-g2001-noconfig\fI|\fP-g2005\fI|\fP-g2005-sv\fI|\fP-g2009\fI|\fP-g2012
+.B -g1995\fI|\fP-g2001\fI|\fP-g2001-noconfig\fI|\fP-g2005\fI|\fP-g2005-sv\fI|\fP-g2009\fI|\fP-g2012\fI|\fP-g2017\fI|\fP-g2023
 Select the Verilog language \fIgeneration\fP to support in the compiler.
 This selects between \fIIEEE1364\-1995\fP, \fIIEEE1364\-2001\fP,
-\fIIEEE1364\-2005\fP, \fIIEEE1800\-2005\fP, \fIIEEE1800\-2009\fP, or
-\fIIEEE1800\-2012\fP.
+\fIIEEE1364\-2005\fP, \fIIEEE1800\-2005\fP, \fIIEEE1800\-2009\fP,
+\fIIEEE1800\-2012\fP, \fIIEEE1800\-2017\fP, or \fIIEEE1800\-2023\fP.
 Icarus Verilog currently defaults to the \fIIEEE1364\-2005\fP generation
 of the language. This flag is used to restrict the language to a set of
 keywords/features, this allows simulation of older Verilog code that may
@@ -124,7 +147,7 @@ to disable extended types if compiling code that clashes with the few
 new keywords used to implement the type system.
 .TP 8
 .B -gio-range-error\fI|\fP-gno-io-range-error
-The standards requires that a vectored port have matching ranges for its
+The standards require that a vectored port have matching ranges for its
 port declaration as well as any net/register declaration. It was common
 practice in the past to only specify the range for the net/register
 declaration and some tools still allow this. By default any mismatch is
@@ -150,6 +173,17 @@ parameter assignment is evaluated as a lossless expression, as is any
 expression containing an unsized constant number, and unsized constant
 numbers are not truncated to integer width.
 .TP 8
+.B -gstrict-declaration\fI|\fP-gno-strict-declaration
+.TP 8
+.B -gstrict-net-var-declaration\fI|\fP-gno-strict-net-var-declaration
+.TP 8
+.B -gstrict-parameter-declaration\fI|\fP-gno-strict-parameter-declaration
+The standards require that nets, variables, and parameters are declared
+lexically before they are used.  Using \fB\-gno\-strict\-declaration\fP
+will allow using a data object before declaration, with a warning. The
+warning can be suppressed with -Wno-declaration-after-use. The option
+can be applied for nets and variables and for parameters separately.
+.TP 8
 .B -gshared-loop-index\fI|\fP-gno-shared-loop-index
 Enable (default) or disable the exclusion of for-loop control variables
 from implicit event_expression lists. When enabled, if a for-loop control
@@ -367,6 +401,11 @@ This enables warnings for creation of implicit declarations. For
 example, if a scalar wire X is used but not declared in the Verilog
 source, this will print a warning at its first use.
 
+.TP 8
+.B declaration-after-use
+This enables warnings for declarations after use, when
+those are not flagged as errors (default).
+
 .TP 8
 .B macro-redefinition\fI | \fPmacro-replacement
 This enables preprocessor warnings when a macro is being redefined.

driver/main.c

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ const char NOTICE[] =
 ;
 
 const char HELP[] =
-"Usage: iverilog [-EiRSuvV] [-B base] [-c cmdfile|-f cmdfile]\n"
-"                [-g1995|-g2001|-g2005|-g2005-sv|-g2009|-g2012] [-g<feature>]\n"
+"Usage: iverilog [-EiRSuvV] [-B[IMPVt] base] [-c cmdfile|-f cmdfile]\n"
+"                [-g1995|-g2001|-g2005|-g2005-sv|-g2009|-g2012|-g2017|-g2023] [-g<feature>]\n"
 "                [-D macro[=defn]] [-I includedir] [-L moduledir]\n"
 "                [-M [mode=]depfile] [-m module]\n"
 "                [-N file] [-o filename] [-p flag=value]\n"
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ const char HELP[] =
 # include  <libiberty.h>
 #endif
 #endif
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+# include  <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif
 #include  <fcntl.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
@@ -109,6 +112,8 @@ extern void cfreset(FILE*fd, const char*path);
 
 const char*base = 0;
 const char*vpi_dir = 0;
+const char*tconfig_dir = 0;
+const char*ivl_dir = 0;
 const char*ivlpp_dir = 0;
 const char*vhdlpp_dir= 0;
 const char*vhdlpp_work = 0;
@@ -134,6 +139,8 @@ const char*gen_strict_ca_eval = "no-strict-ca-eval";
 const char*gen_strict_expr_width = "no-strict-expr-width";
 const char*gen_shared_loop_index = "shared-loop-index";
 const char*gen_verilog_ams = "no-verilog-ams";
+const char*gen_strict_net_var_declaration = "strict-net-var-declaration";
+const char*gen_strict_parameter_declaration = "strict-parameter-declaration";
 
 /* Boolean: true means use a default include dir, false means don't */
 int gen_std_include = 1;
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ int gen_std_include = 1;
    of the include list. */
 int gen_relative_include = 0;
 
-char warning_flags[17] = "n";
+char warning_flags[18] = "nu";
 
 int separate_compilation_flag = 0;
 
@@ -335,7 +342,7 @@ static int t_version_only(void)
       }
 
       fflush(0);
-      snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s%civl -V -C\"%s\" -C\"%s\"", base, sep,
+      snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s%civl -V -C\"%s\" -C\"%s\"", ivl_dir, sep,
 	       iconfig_path, iconfig_common_path);
       rc = system(tmp);
       if (rc != 0) {
@@ -442,7 +449,7 @@ static int t_compile(void)
 #endif
 
 	/* Build the ivl command. */
-      snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s%civl", base, sep);
+      snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s%civl", ivl_dir, sep);
       rc = strlen(tmp);
       cmd = realloc(cmd, ncmd+rc+1);
       strcpy(cmd+ncmd, tmp);
@@ -527,6 +534,7 @@ static void process_warning_switch(const char*name)
 {
       if (strcmp(name,"all") == 0) {
 	    process_warning_switch("anachronisms");
+	    process_warning_switch("declaration-after-use");
 	    process_warning_switch("implicit");
 	    process_warning_switch("implicit-dimensions");
 	    process_warning_switch("macro-replacement");
@@ -537,6 +545,9 @@ static void process_warning_switch(const char*name)
       } else if (strcmp(name,"anachronisms") == 0) {
 	    if (! strchr(warning_flags, 'n'))
 		  strcat(warning_flags, "n");
+      } else if (strcmp(name,"declaration-after-use") == 0) {
+	    if (! strchr(warning_flags, 'u'))
+		  strcat(warning_flags, "u");
       } else if (strcmp(name,"floating-nets") == 0) {
 	    if (! strchr(warning_flags, 'f'))
 		  strcat(warning_flags, "f");
@@ -578,6 +589,12 @@ static void process_warning_switch(const char*name)
 		  cp[0] = cp[1];
 		  cp += 1;
 	    }
+      } else if (strcmp(name,"no-declaration-after-use") == 0) {
+	    char*cp = strchr(warning_flags, 'u');
+	    if (cp) while (*cp) {
+		  cp[0] = cp[1];
+		  cp += 1;
+	    }
       } else if (strcmp(name,"no-floating-nets") == 0) {
 	    char*cp = strchr(warning_flags, 'f');
 	    if (cp) while (*cp) {
@@ -725,6 +742,12 @@ static int process_generation(const char*name)
       else if (strcmp(name,"2012") == 0)
 	    generation = "2012";
 
+      else if (strcmp(name,"2017") == 0)
+	    generation = "2017";
+
+      else if (strcmp(name,"2023") == 0)
+	    generation = "2023";
+
       else if (strcmp(name,"1") == 0) { /* Deprecated: use 1995 */
 	    generation = "1995";
 	    gen_xtypes = "no-xtypes";
@@ -815,6 +838,26 @@ static int process_generation(const char*name)
       else if (strcmp(name,"no-verilog-ams") == 0)
 	    gen_verilog_ams = "no-verilog-ams";
 
+      else if (strcmp(name,"strict-declaration") == 0) {
+	    gen_strict_net_var_declaration = "strict-net-var-declaration";
+	    gen_strict_parameter_declaration = "strict-parameter-declaration";
+      }
+      else if (strcmp(name,"no-strict-declaration") == 0) {
+	    gen_strict_net_var_declaration = "no-strict-net-var-declaration";
+	    gen_strict_parameter_declaration = "no-strict-parameter-declaration";
+      }
+      else if (strcmp(name,"strict-net-var-declaration") == 0)
+	    gen_strict_net_var_declaration = "strict-net-var-declaration";
+
+      else if (strcmp(name,"no-strict-net-var-declaration") == 0)
+	    gen_strict_net_var_declaration = "no-strict-net-var-declaration";
+
+      else if (strcmp(name,"strict-parameter-declaration") == 0)
+	    gen_strict_parameter_declaration = "strict-parameter-declaration";
+
+      else if (strcmp(name,"no-strict-parameter-declaration") == 0)
+	    gen_strict_parameter_declaration = "no-strict-parameter-declaration";
+
       else {
 	    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown/Unsupported Language generation "
 		    "%s\n\n", name);
@@ -825,6 +868,8 @@ static int process_generation(const char*name)
 		            "    2005-sv -- IEEE1800-2005\n"
 		            "    2009    -- IEEE1800-2009\n"
 		            "    2012    -- IEEE1800-2012\n"
+		            "    2017    -- IEEE1800-2017\n"
+		            "    2023    -- IEEE1800-2023\n"
 		            "Other generation flags:\n"
 		            "    assertions | supported-assertions | no-assertions\n"
 		            "    specify | no-specify\n"
@@ -837,7 +882,9 @@ static int process_generation(const char*name)
 		            "    io-range-error | no-io-range-error\n"
 		            "    strict-ca-eval | no-strict-ca-eval\n"
 		            "    strict-expr-width | no-strict-expr-width\n"
-		            "    shared-loop-index | no-shared-loop-index\n");
+		            "    shared-loop-index | no-shared-loop-index\n"
+		            "    strict-declaration | no-strict-declaration\n"
+		            "    [no-]strict-[net-var|parameter]-declaration\n");
 
 	    return 1;
       }
@@ -1179,6 +1226,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		       character of the path indicates which path the
 		       user is specifying. */
 		  switch (optarg[0]) {
+		      case 'I': /* Path for the ivl parser */
+			ivl_dir = optarg+1;
+			break;
 		      case 'M': /* Path for the VPI modules */
 			vpi_dir = optarg+1;
 			break;
@@ -1188,6 +1238,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		      case 'V': /* Path for the vhdlpp VHDL processor */
 			vhdlpp_dir = optarg+1;
 			break;
+		      case 't': /* Path to target.conf for the -ttarget option */
+			tconfig_dir = optarg+1;
+			break;
 		      default: /* Otherwise, this is a default base. */
 			base=optarg;
 			break;
@@ -1330,8 +1383,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	    vpi_dir = base;
       if (ivlpp_dir == 0)
 	    ivlpp_dir = base;
+      if (ivl_dir == 0)
+	    ivl_dir = base;
       if (vhdlpp_dir == 0)
 	    vhdlpp_dir = base;
+      if (tconfig_dir == 0)
+	    tconfig_dir = base;
 
       if (version_flag || verbose_flag) {
 	    printf("Icarus Verilog version " VERSION " (" VERSION_TAG ")\n\n");
@@ -1341,7 +1398,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Make a common conf file path to reflect the target. */
       snprintf(iconfig_common_path, sizeof iconfig_common_path, "%s%c%s%s.conf",
-	      base, sep, targ, synth_flag? "-s" : "");
+	      tconfig_dir, sep, targ, synth_flag? "-s" : "");
 
 	/* Write values to the iconfig file. */
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "basedir:%s\n", base);
@@ -1351,11 +1408,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "module:%s%cvhdl_sys.vpi\n", vpi_dir, sep);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "module:%s%cvhdl_textio.vpi\n", vpi_dir, sep);
 
-	/* If verilog-2005/09/12 is enabled or icarus-misc or verilog-ams,
+	/* If verilog-2005/09/12/17/23 is enabled or icarus-misc or verilog-ams,
 	 * then include the v2005_math library. */
       if (strcmp(generation, "2005") == 0 ||
           strcmp(generation, "2009") == 0 ||
           strcmp(generation, "2012") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(generation, "2017") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(generation, "2023") == 0 ||
           strcmp(gen_icarus, "icarus-misc") == 0 ||
           strcmp(gen_verilog_ams, "verilog-ams") == 0) {
 	    fprintf(iconfig_file, "module:%s%cv2005_math.vpi\n", vpi_dir, sep);
@@ -1370,7 +1429,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
          v2009 module. */
       if (strcmp(generation, "2005-sv") == 0 ||
           strcmp(generation, "2009") == 0 ||
-          strcmp(generation, "2012") == 0) {
+          strcmp(generation, "2012") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(generation, "2017") == 0 ||
+          strcmp(generation, "2023") == 0) {
 	    fprintf(iconfig_file, "module:%s%cv2009.vpi\n", vpi_dir, sep);
       }
 
@@ -1385,6 +1446,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_strict_expr_width);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_shared_loop_index);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_verilog_ams);
+      fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_strict_net_var_declaration);
+      fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_strict_parameter_declaration);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "generation:%s\n", gen_icarus);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "warnings:%s\n", warning_flags);
       fprintf(iconfig_file, "ignore_missing_modules:%s\n", ignore_missing_modules ? "true" : "false");

elab_lval.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  * Copyright CERN 2012-2013 / Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
@@ -133,11 +133,13 @@ NetAssign_* PEConcat::elaborate_lval(Design*des,
 		 the compiler catch more errors. */
 	    if (tmp == 0) continue;
 
-	    if (tmp->expr_type() == IVL_VT_REAL) {
+	    ivl_type_t tmp_type = tmp->net_type();
+	    if (tmp_type && !tmp_type->packed()) {
 		  cerr << parms_[idx]->get_fileline() << ": error: "
-		       << "concatenation operand can not be real: "
+		       << "concatenation operand must be packed: "
 		       << *parms_[idx] << endl;
 		  des->errors += 1;
+		  delete tmp;
 		  continue;
 	    }
 
@@ -296,6 +298,15 @@ NetAssign_*PEIdent::elaborate_lval_var_(Design *des, NetScope *scope,
 	// Past this point, we should have taken care of the cases
 	// where the name is a member/method of a struct/class.
 	// XXXX ivl_assert(*this, method_name.nil());
+      if (!tail_path.empty()) {
+	    cerr << get_fileline() << ": error: Variable "
+		 << reg->name()
+		 << " does not have a field named: "
+		 << tail_path << "." << endl;
+	    des->errors += 1;
+	    return nullptr;
+      }
+
       ivl_assert(*this, tail_path.empty());
 
       bool need_const_idx = is_cassign || is_force;
@@ -881,8 +892,10 @@ bool PEIdent::elaborate_lval_net_idx_(Design*des,
       calculate_up_do_width_(des, scope, wid);
 
       NetExpr*base = elab_and_eval(des, scope, index_tail.msb, -1);
+      if (!base)
+	    return false;
 
-      if (base && base->expr_type() == IVL_VT_REAL) {
+      if (base->expr_type() == IVL_VT_REAL) {
 	    cerr << get_fileline() << ": error: Indexed part select base "
 	            "expression for ";
 	    cerr << lv->sig()->name() << "[" << *base;

elab_net.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2025 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  * Copyright CERN 2012 / Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
@@ -83,16 +83,22 @@ NetNet* PEConcat::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	    }
 
 	    if (nets[idx] == 0) {
-                  errors += 1;
-            } else if (nets[idx]->data_type() == IVL_VT_REAL) {
-		  cerr << parms_[idx]->get_fileline() << ": error: "
-		       << "concatenation operand can no be real: "
-		       << *parms_[idx] << endl;
 		  errors += 1;
-		  continue;
 	    } else {
-                  width += nets[idx]->vector_width();
-            }
+		  ivl_type_t tmp_type = nets[idx]->array_type();
+		  if (!tmp_type)
+			tmp_type = nets[idx]->net_type();
+
+		  if (tmp_type && !tmp_type->packed()) {
+			cerr << parms_[idx]->get_fileline() << ": error: "
+			     << "concatenation operand must be packed: "
+			     << *parms_[idx] << endl;
+			errors += 1;
+			continue;
+		  }
+
+		  width += nets[idx]->vector_width();
+	    }
       }
 
       if (errors) {
@@ -557,6 +563,9 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	    return 0;
       }
 
+      if (!check_interface_modport_access(this, des, sr, true))
+	    return 0;
+
       if (debug_elaborate) {
 	    cerr << get_fileline() << ": " << __func__ << ": "
 		 << "Found l-value path_=" << path_
@@ -616,6 +625,9 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
       // array word assignment.
       bool widx_flag = false;
 
+      // Whether the signal is an array
+      const bool sig_is_array = sig->unpacked_dimensions() > 0;
+
       // Detect the net is a structure and there was a method path
       // detected. We have already broken the path_ into the path to
       // the net, and the path of member names. For example, if the
@@ -751,7 +763,7 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 		  }
 	    }
 
-      } else if (gn_system_verilog() && sig->unpacked_dimensions() > 0 && path_tail.index.empty()) {
+      } else if (gn_system_verilog() && sig_is_array && path_tail.index.empty()) {
 
 	      // In this case, we are doing a continuous assignment to
 	      // an unpacked array. The NetNet representation is a
@@ -761,15 +773,14 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	      // This can come up from code like this:
 	      //   logic [...] data [0:3];
 	      //   assign data = ...;
-	      // In this case, "sig" is "data", and sig->pin_count()
-	      // is 4 to account for the unpacked size.
+	      // In this case, "sig" is "data".
 	    if (debug_elaborate) {
 		  cerr << get_fileline() << ": PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_: "
 		       << "Net assign to unpacked array \"" << sig->name()
 		       << "\" with " << sig->pin_count() << " elements." << endl;
 	    }
 
-      } else if (sig->unpacked_dimensions() > 0) {
+      } else if (sig_is_array) {
 
 	    list<long> unpacked_indices_const;
 
@@ -931,7 +942,7 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	    }
       }
 
-      if (sig->pin_count() > 1 && widx_flag) {
+      if (sig_is_array && widx_flag) {
 	    if (widx < 0 || widx >= (long) sig->pin_count())
 		  return 0;
 	    NetNet*tmp = new NetNet(scope, scope->local_symbol(),
@@ -941,7 +952,7 @@ NetNet* PEIdent::elaborate_lnet_common_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	    connect(sig->pin(widx), tmp->pin(0));
 	    sig = tmp;
 
-      } else if (sig->pin_count() > 1) {
+      } else if (sig_is_array) {
 
 	      // If this turns out to be an l-value unpacked array,
 	      // then let the caller handle it. It will probably be

elab_scope.cc

@@ -1322,6 +1322,10 @@ void PGenerate::elaborate_subscope_(Design*des, NetScope*scope)
 
       collect_scope_signals(scope, wires);
 
+      elaborate_scope_enumerations(des, scope, enum_sets);
+
+      elaborate_scope_classes(des, scope, classes_lexical);
+
 	// Run through the defparams for this scope and save the result
 	// in a table for later final override.
 
@@ -1662,6 +1666,8 @@ void PFunction::elaborate_scope(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 
       collect_scope_signals(scope, wires);
 
+      elaborate_scope_enumerations(des, scope, enum_sets);
+
 	// Scan through all the named events in this scope.
       elaborate_scope_events_(des, scope, events);
 
@@ -1682,6 +1688,8 @@ void PTask::elaborate_scope(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 
       collect_scope_signals(scope, wires);
 
+      elaborate_scope_enumerations(des, scope, enum_sets);
+
 	// Scan through all the named events in this scope.
       elaborate_scope_events_(des, scope, events);
 
@@ -1732,6 +1740,8 @@ void PBlock::elaborate_scope(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 
 	    collect_scope_signals(my_scope, wires);
 
+	    elaborate_scope_enumerations(des, my_scope, enum_sets);
+
               // Scan through all the named events in this scope.
             elaborate_scope_events_(des, my_scope, events);
       }

elab_sig.cc

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 # include  "netqueue.h"
 # include  "netscalar.h"
 # include  "util.h"
+# include  "parse_api.h"
 # include  "ivl_assert.h"
 
 using namespace std;
@@ -298,6 +299,12 @@ bool Module::elaborate_sig(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 	    if (pp == 0)
 		  continue;
 
+	    if (pp->is_interface_port()) {
+		  interface_formal_port_t formal;
+		  resolve_interface_formal_port(this, des, pp, formal, true);
+		  continue;
+	    }
+
 	      // The port has a name and an array of expressions. The
 	      // expression are all identifiers that should reference
 	      // wires within the scope.
@@ -397,11 +404,6 @@ void netclass_t::elaborate_sig(Design*des, PClass*pclass)
 		       << " type=" << *use_type << endl;
 	    }
 
-	    if (dynamic_cast<const netqueue_t *> (use_type)) {
-		  cerr << cur->second.get_fileline() << ": sorry: "
-		       << "Queues inside classes are not yet supported." << endl;
-		  des->errors++;
-	    }
 	    set_property(cur->first, cur->second.qual, use_type);
 
 	    if (! cur->second.qual.test_static())
@@ -456,6 +458,12 @@ bool PGModule::elaborate_sig_mod_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 
       NetScope::scope_vec_t instance = scope->instance_arrays[get_name()];
 
+      vector<PExpr*>pins (rmod->port_count());
+      vector<bool>pins_fromwc (rmod->port_count(), false);
+      vector<bool>pins_is_explicitly_not_connected (rmod->port_count(), false);
+      flag &= match_module_ports_(des, rmod, scope, pins, pins_fromwc,
+				  pins_is_explicitly_not_connected);
+
       for (unsigned idx = 0 ;  idx < instance.size() ;  idx += 1) {
 	      // I know a priori that the elaborate_scope created the scope
 	      // already, so just look it up as a child of the current scope.
@@ -471,6 +479,9 @@ bool PGModule::elaborate_sig_mod_(Design*des, NetScope*scope,
 	    }
 	    ivl_assert(*this, my_scope->parent() == scope);
 
+	    if (!bind_interface_ports_(des, rmod, scope, my_scope, pins, pins_fromwc))
+		  flag = false;
+
 	    if (! rmod->elaborate_sig(des, my_scope))
 		  flag = false;
 
@@ -591,6 +602,7 @@ bool PGenerate::elaborate_sig_(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 
       elaborate_sig_funcs(des, scope, funcs);
       elaborate_sig_tasks(des, scope, tasks);
+      elaborate_sig_classes(des, scope, classes);
 
       typedef list<PGenerate*>::const_iterator generate_it_t;
       for (generate_it_t cur = generate_schemes.begin()
@@ -1181,8 +1193,8 @@ NetNet* PWire::elaborate_sig(Design*des, NetScope*scope)
 	    pull = new NetLogic(scope, scope->local_symbol(),
 				1, pull_type, wid);
 	    pull->set_line(*this);
-	    pull->pin(0).drive0(IVL_DR_SUPPLY);
-	    pull->pin(0).drive1(IVL_DR_SUPPLY);
+	    pull->pin(0).drive(drive_strength_t(IVL_DR_SUPPLY,
+						 IVL_DR_SUPPLY));
 	    des->add_node(pull);
 	    wtype = NetNet::WIRE;
       }

elab_type.cc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2012-2024 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -220,11 +220,13 @@ ivl_type_t struct_type_t::elaborate_type_raw(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 
       res->set_line(*this);
 
-      res->packed(packed_flag);
+      bool is_packed = packed_flag || (union_flag && soft_flag);
+      res->packed(is_packed);
       res->set_signed(signed_flag);
 
-      if (union_flag)
-	    res->union_flag(true);
+      if (union_flag) {
+	    res->union_flag(true, soft_flag);
+      }
 
       for (list<struct_member_t*>::iterator cur = members->begin()
 		 ; cur != members->end() ; ++ cur) {
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ ivl_type_t struct_type_t::elaborate_type_raw(Design*des, NetScope*scope) const
 		       ; cur_name != curp->names->end() ;  ++ cur_name) {
 		  decl_assignment_t*namep = *cur_name;
 
-		  if (packed_flag && namep->expr) {
+		  if (is_packed && namep->expr) {
 			cerr << namep->expr->get_fileline() << " error: "
 			     << "Packed structs must not have default member values."
 			     << endl;
@@ -450,27 +452,7 @@ ivl_type_t typedef_t::elaborate_type(Design *des, NetScope *scope)
       if (!elab_type)
 	    return netvector_t::integer_type();
 
-      bool type_ok = true;
-      switch (basic_type) {
-      case ENUM:
-	    type_ok = dynamic_cast<const netenum_t *>(elab_type);
-	    break;
-      case STRUCT: {
-	    const netstruct_t *struct_type = dynamic_cast<const netstruct_t *>(elab_type);
-	    type_ok = struct_type && !struct_type->union_flag();
-	    break;
-      }
-      case UNION: {
-	    const netstruct_t *struct_type = dynamic_cast<const netstruct_t *>(elab_type);
-	    type_ok = struct_type && struct_type->union_flag();
-	    break;
-      }
-      case CLASS:
-	    type_ok = dynamic_cast<const netclass_t *>(elab_type);
-	    break;
-      default:
-	    break;
-      }
+      bool type_ok = basic_type.matches(elab_type);
 
       if (!type_ok) {
 	    cerr << data_type->get_fileline() << " error: "

eval_tree.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 # include  <cmath>
 
 # include  "netlist.h"
+# include  "netclass.h"
 # include  "ivl_assert.h"
 # include  "netmisc.h"
 
@@ -2182,6 +2183,25 @@ static bool get_array_info(const NetExpr*arg, long dim,
 	    left = range.get_msb();
 	    right = range.get_lsb();
 	    return false;
+      }
+	/* Class property (e.g. queue field): size is dynamic; defer to runtime
+	 * instead of folding to all-X in evaluate_array_funcs_. */
+      if (const NetEProperty*prop = dynamic_cast<const NetEProperty*>(arg)) {
+	    const NetNet*obj = prop->get_sig();
+	    const netclass_t*cls = dynamic_cast<const netclass_t*>(obj->net_type());
+	    if (cls == 0) return true;
+	    ivl_type_t ptype = cls->get_prop_type(prop->property_idx());
+	    if (ptype == 0) return true;
+	    switch (ptype->base_type()) {
+		  case IVL_VT_DARRAY:
+		  case IVL_VT_QUEUE:
+		  case IVL_VT_STRING:
+		    defer = true;
+		    return true;
+		  default:
+		    break;
+	    }
+	    return true;
       }
 	/* The argument must be a signal that has enough dimensions. */
       const NetESignal*esig = dynamic_cast<const NetESignal*>(arg);

ivl.def

@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ ivl_type_packed_width
 ivl_type_prop_name
 ivl_type_prop_type
 ivl_type_properties
+ivl_type_queue_max
 ivl_type_signed
 
 ivl_udp_init

ivl_dlfcn.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef IVL_ivl_dlfcn_H
 #define IVL_ivl_dlfcn_H
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2001-2014 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
  *
  *    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
  *    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@
 
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
 # include <windows.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
 # include <cstdio>
+#else
+# include <stdio.h>
+#endif
 typedef void * ivl_dll_t;
 #elif defined(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
 # include  <dlfcn.h>
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ typedef shl_t ivl_dll_t;
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
-inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char *name, bool)
+static inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char *name, bool global_flag)
 {
       static char full_name[4096];
       unsigned long length = GetFullPathName(name, sizeof(full_name),
@@ -40,16 +44,18 @@ inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char *name, bool)
       if ((length == 0) || (length > sizeof(full_name)))
             return 0;
 
+      (void)global_flag;
+
       return (void *)LoadLibrary(full_name);
 }
 
-inline void *ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char *nm)
+static inline void *ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char *nm)
 { return (void *)GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE)dll,nm);}
 
-inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
+static inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
 { (void)FreeLibrary((HINSTANCE)dll);}
 
-inline const char *dlerror(void)
+static inline const char *dlerror(void)
 {
   static char msg[256];
   unsigned long err = GetLastError();
@@ -66,10 +72,10 @@ inline const char *dlerror(void)
 }
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
-inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name, bool global_flag)
+static inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name, bool global_flag)
 { return dlopen(name,RTLD_LAZY|(global_flag?RTLD_GLOBAL:0)); }
 
-inline void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
+static inline void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
 {
       void*sym = dlsym(dll, nm);
 	/* Not found? try without the leading _ */
@@ -78,24 +84,28 @@ inline void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
       return sym;
 }
 
-inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
+static inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
 { dlclose(dll); }
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_DL_H)
-inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name)
-{ return shl_load(name, BIND_IMMEDIATE, 0); }
+static inline ivl_dll_t ivl_dlopen(const char*name, bool global_flag)
+{
+      (void)global_flag;
 
-inline void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
+      return shl_load(name, BIND_IMMEDIATE, 0);
+}
+
+static inline void* ivl_dlsym(ivl_dll_t dll, const char*nm)
 {
       void*sym;
       int rc = shl_findsym(&dll, nm, TYPE_PROCEDURE, &sym);
       return (rc == 0) ? sym : 0;
 }
 
-inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
+static inline void ivl_dlclose(ivl_dll_t dll)
 { shl_unload(dll); }
 
-inline const char*dlerror(void)
+static inline const char*dlerror(void)
 { return strerror( errno ); }
 #endif
 

ivl_target.h

@@ -2400,6 +2400,10 @@ extern int         ivl_type_properties(ivl_type_t net);
 extern const char* ivl_type_prop_name(ivl_type_t net, int idx);
 extern ivl_type_t  ivl_type_prop_type(ivl_type_t net, int idx);
 
+/* Maximum element count for a queue type (0 = unbounded). Only valid
+ * when ivl_type_base(net) == IVL_VT_QUEUE. */
+extern unsigned ivl_type_queue_max(ivl_type_t net);
+
 
 #if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined (__CYGWIN__)
 #  define DLLEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)

ivlpp/Makefile.in

@@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ uninstall:
 	rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/ivl$(suffix)/ivlpp@EXEEXT@"
 
 lexor.o: lexor.c globals.h
-main.o: main.c globals.h $(srcdir)/../version_base.h ../version_tag.h
+main.o: main.c globals.h ../version_base.h ../version_tag.h

ivlpp/lexor.lex

@@ -1599,10 +1599,10 @@ static void macro_start_args(void)
      * entry for arg 0. This will be used by macro_finish_arg() to
      * calculate the buffer location for arg 1.
      */
-    if (def_buf) {
-      def_buf_free = def_buf_size - 1;
-      def_buf[0] = 0;
-    }
+    def_buf_grow_to_fit(1);
+    def_buf_free = def_buf_size - 1;
+    def_buf[0] = 0;
+
     def_argo[0] = 0;
     def_argl[0] = 0;
     def_argc = 1;
@@ -1692,7 +1692,6 @@ static void expand_using_args(void)
     char* head;
     char* tail;
     char* dest;
-    int arg;
     int length;
 
     if (def_argc > cur_macro->argc) {
@@ -1721,7 +1720,7 @@ static void expand_using_args(void)
 	if (*tail != ARG_MARK) {
 	    tail++;
 	} else {
-	    arg = tail[1]; assert(arg < def_argc);
+	    int arg = tail[1]; assert(arg < def_argc);
 
 	    const char*use_argv;
 	    int  use_argl;
@@ -2369,6 +2368,8 @@ void reset_lexor(FILE* out, char* paths[])
     isp->stringify_flag = 0;
     isp->comment = NULL;
 
+    yyout = out;
+
     if (isp->file == 0) {
 	perror(paths[0]);
 	error_count += 1;
@@ -2383,8 +2384,6 @@ void reset_lexor(FILE* out, char* paths[])
 	}
     }
 
-    yyout = out;
-
     yyrestart(isp->file);
 
     assert(istack == 0);

ivtest/.gitignore

@@ -34,4 +34,5 @@ tmp_blif.vvp
 dump.vcd
 dump.lxt
 dump.lx2
+dump.fst
 foo.vcd

ivtest/Makefile.in

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#
+#    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
+#    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU
+#    Library General Public License as published by the Free Software
+#    Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
+#    any later version.
+#
+#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#    GNU Library General Public License for more details.
+#
+#    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+#    License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+#    Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+#    Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+#
+SHELL = /bin/sh
+
+abs_srcdir=@abs_srcdir@
+srcdir=@srcdir@
+suffix = @install_suffix@
+ifeq (@install_suffix@,)
+opts =
+else
+opts = --suffix=$(suffix)
+endif
+
+all:
+
+check:
+
+check-installed:
+	@status=0; \
+	$(MAKE) check-installed-vvp || status=1; \
+	$(MAKE) check-installed-vvp-py || status=1; \
+	$(MAKE) check-installed-vpi || status=1; \
+	exit $$status
+
+check-installed-vpi:
+	@echo "Running vpi_reg.pl"
+ifeq (@LIBVERIUSER@,yes)
+	cd $(abs_srcdir); perl vpi_reg.pl --with-pli1 $(opts)
+else
+	cd $(abs_srcdir); perl vpi_reg.pl $(opts)
+endif
+
+check-installed-vvp:
+	@echo "Running vvp_reg.pl"
+	cd $(abs_srcdir); perl vvp_reg.pl $(opts)
+
+check-installed-vvp-py:
+	@echo "Running vvp_reg.py"
+	cd $(abs_srcdir); python3 vvp_reg.py $(opts)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(srcdir)/*.vpi
+	rm -rf $(srcdir)/log $(srcdir)/vpi_log $(srcdir)/work
+
+distclean: clean
+	rm -f Makefile
+
+install:
+
+uninstall:
+
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in ../config.status
+	cd ..; ./config.status --file=ivtest/$@
+
+.PHONY: check-installed check-installed-vpi check-installed-vvp check-installed-vvp-py

ivtest/fpga_tests/fpga_reg.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Copyright (c) 1998-2026 Stephen Williams (steve@icarus.com)
 #
 #    This source code is free software; you can redistribute it
 #    and/or modify it in source code form under the terms of the GNU

ivtest/gold/br1005.gold

@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
-./ivltests/br1005.v:2: sorry: Queues inside classes are not yet supported.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:15: error: Enable of unknown task ``a.q.push_back''.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:16: error: Enable of unknown task ``a.q.push_back''.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:17: error: Enable of unknown task ``a.q.push_back''.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:18: error: Enable of unknown task ``a.q.push_back''.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:19: sorry: Method name nesting is not supported yet.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:19:      : method path: q.pop_front
-./ivltests/br1005.v:19: error: Object test.a has no method "q.pop_front(...)".
-./ivltests/br1005.v:22: sorry: Method name nesting is not supported yet.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:22:      : method path: q.pop_front
-./ivltests/br1005.v:22: error: Object test.a has no method "q.pop_front(...)".
-./ivltests/br1005.v:25: sorry: Method name nesting is not supported yet.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:25:      : method path: q.pop_front
-./ivltests/br1005.v:25: error: Object test.a has no method "q.pop_front(...)".
-./ivltests/br1005.v:28: sorry: Method name nesting is not supported yet.
-./ivltests/br1005.v:28:      : method path: q.pop_front
-./ivltests/br1005.v:28: error: Object test.a has no method "q.pop_front(...)".
-9 error(s) during elaboration.
+1
+2
+3
+4
+PASSED

ivtest/gold/br_gh1175c.gold

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175c.v:3: syntax error
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175c.v:3: errors in UDP table
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175c.v:1: error: Invalid table for UDP primitive id_0.
-

ivtest/gold/br_gh1175d.gold

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175d.v:3: syntax error
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175d.v:3: errors in UDP table
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175d.v:1: error: Invalid table for UDP primitive id_0.
-

ivtest/gold/br_gh1175e.gold

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175e.v:3: syntax error
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175e.v:3: errors in UDP table
 ./ivltests/br_gh1175e.v:1: error: Invalid table for UDP primitive id_0.
-

ivtest/gold/br_gh710d-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+FST info: dumpfile dump.fst opened for output.

ivtest/gold/br_gh72b_fail.gold

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 ./ivltests/br_gh72b_fail.v:8: error: too few arguments for `macro2
 ./ivltests/br_gh72b_fail.v:9: error: too few arguments for `macro2
 ./ivltests/br_gh72b_fail.v:10: error: too many arguments for `macro2
-Preprocessor failed with 5 errors.
+Preprocessor failed with 5 error(s).

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use1_warn-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/decl_before_use1.v:4: warning: net/variable `v` used before declaration.
+ivltests/decl_before_use1.v:9:        : the net/variable is declared here.

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use1_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+1
+used before declaration

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use2_warn-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/decl_before_use2.v:3: warning: net/variable `w` used before declaration.
+ivltests/decl_before_use2.v:10:        : the net/variable is declared here.

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use2_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+00000001
+used before declaration

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use3_warn-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/decl_before_use3.v:4: warning: event `e` used before declaration.
+ivltests/decl_before_use3.v:8:        : the event is declared here.

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use3_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+used before declaration

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use4_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+used before declaration

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use5_warn-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/decl_before_use5.v:4: warning: parameter `w` used before declaration.
+ivltests/decl_before_use5.v:8:        : the parameter is declared here.

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use5_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+10101010
+used before declaration

ivtest/gold/decl_before_use6_warn-vvp-stdout.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+10
+FAILED

ivtest/gold/pr1909940.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+./ivltests/pr1909940.v:4: warning: net/variable `in` used before declaration.
+./ivltests/pr1909940.v:5:        : the net/variable is declared here.
+PASSED

ivtest/gold/pr1909940b.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+./ivltests/pr1909940b.v:4: warning: net/variable `in` used before declaration.
+./ivltests/pr1909940b.v:5:        : the net/variable is declared here.
+PASSED

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_array_modport_restrict_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_array_modport_restrict_fail.v:10: error: Cannot assign to input modport member `value' through interface port `bus'.
+1 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_array_size_mismatch_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_array_size_mismatch_fail.v:12: error: Interface array port `bus' expects 2 element(s) but actual `buses' has 1 element(s).
+Elaboration failed

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_forwarding_restrict_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_forwarding_restrict_fail.v:23: error: Interface member `hidden' is not listed in modport `consumer'.
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_forwarding_restrict_fail.v:23: error: Unable to elaborate r-value: bus.hidden
+2 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_missing_modport_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_missing_modport_fail.v:18: error: Interface port bus uses unknown modport `consumer' of interface `bus_if'.
+1 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_missing_type_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_missing_type_fail.v:7: error: Interface port bus uses unknown interface type `missing_if'.
+1 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_modport_input_write_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_modport_input_write_fail.v:21: error: Cannot assign to input modport member `value' through interface port `bus'.
+1 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_non_interface_actual_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_non_interface_actual_fail.v:9: error: Actual for interface port `bus' is not an interface instance.
+Elaboration failed

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_positional_unconnected_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_positional_unconnected_fail.v:7: error: Interface port `bus' of module bus_user is not connected.
+Elaboration failed

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_unlisted_member_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_unlisted_member_fail.v:24: error: Interface member `hidden' is not listed in modport `consumer'.
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_unlisted_member_fail.v:24: error: Unable to elaborate r-value: bus.hidden
+2 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_unmodported_missing_type_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_unmodported_missing_type_fail.v:7: error: Interface port bus uses unknown interface type `missing_if'.
+1 error(s) during elaboration.

ivtest/gold/sv_interface_port_wrong_type_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/sv_interface_port_wrong_type_fail.v:9: error: Interface port `bus' expects interface type `bus_if' but actual `bus' has type `other_if'.
+Elaboration failed

ivtest/gold/udp_empty_table_fail-iverilog-stderr.gold

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ivltests/udp_empty_table_fail.v:7: error: Empty UDP table.
+ivltests/udp_empty_table_fail.v:3: error: Invalid table for UDP primitive udp_empty_table_fail.

ivtest/ivltests/array_index_real_fail.v

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Check that real expressions can not be used as array indices.
+
+module test;
+
+  reg [1:0] a[1:0];
+  real r;
+
+  initial begin
+    a[r] = 2'b10;
+  end
+
+endmodule

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1364_1995.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1364-1995 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1364-1995"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1364_2001.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1364-2001 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1364-2001"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1364_2001_noconfig.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1364-2001-noconfig keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1364-2001-noconfig"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1364_2005.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1364-2005 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1364-2005"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1800_2005.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1800-2005 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1800-2005"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1800_2009.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1800-2009 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1800-2009"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1800_2012.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1800-2012 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1800-2012"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1800_2017.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1800-2017 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1800-2017"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords

ivtest/ivltests/begin_keywords_1800_2023.v

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Check that `begin_keywords accepts the 1800-2023 keyword set.
+
+`begin_keywords "1800-2023"
+module test;
+  initial begin
+    $display("PASSED");
+  end
+endmodule
+`end_keywords