Version bump

Signed-off-by: Kamil Rakoczy <[email protected]>

.codacy.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 exclude_paths:
-  - '.github/**'
-  - 'ci/build_verilator.sh'
-  - 'include/vltstd/**'
-  - 'nodist/fastcov.py'
+  - ".github/**"
+  - "ci/build_verilator.sh"
+  - "include/vltstd/**"
+  - "nodist/fastcov.py"

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
-	"name": "Verilator Build Environment",
+        "name": "Verilator Build Environment",
 
-	"build": {
+        "build": {
         "dockerfile": "../ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile"
     }
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ assignees: ''
 
 Thanks for taking the time to report this.
 
-Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, ideally in test_regress format.)
+Can you attach an example that shows the issue?  (Must be openly licensed, completely self-contaned so can directly run what you provide. Ideally use test_regress format, see https://veripool.org/guide/latest/contributing.html?highlight=test_regress#reporting-bugs
 
 What 'verilator' command line do we use to run your example?
 

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
-  - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # weekly
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
 
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: linux
@@ -35,14 +36,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
         compiler:
-          - { cc: clang, cxx: clang++ }
-          - { cc: gcc,   cxx: g++     }
+          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
+          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
         include:
           # Build GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
           - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }
+            compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: Build | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
     env:
@@ -51,41 +52,40 @@ jobs:
       CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1000M  # Per build matrix entry (* 5 = 5000M in total)
       VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
 
-    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        path: repo
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          path: repo
 
-    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      env:
-        CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
-      with:
-        path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
-    - name: Install packages for build
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
-    - name: Build
-      run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-    - name: Tar up repository
-      working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-      run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-    - name: Upload tar archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+      - name: Tar up repository
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
 
+      - name: Upload tar archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
 
   test:
     needs: build
@@ -94,25 +94,25 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
         compiler:
-          - { cc: clang, cxx: clang++ }
-          - { cc: gcc,   cxx: g++     }
+          - {cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
+          - {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
         reloc: [0]
         suite: [dist-vlt-0, dist-vlt-1, dist-vlt-2, dist-vlt-3, vltmt-0, vltmt-1]
         include:
-          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: { cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10 }, suite: vltmt-1}
-          # Test relocated installation - on most common platform only
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
-          - {os: ubuntu-22.04, compiler: { cc: gcc, cxx: g++ }, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
+          # Test with GCC 10 on ubuntu-20.04, also test relocation
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, compiler: {cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10}, reloc: 1, suite: vltmt-1}
+          # Ubuntu 24.04 only on GCC; not passing on clang yet
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-1}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-2}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: dist-vlt-3}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-0}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, compiler: {cc: gcc, cxx: g++}, suite: vltmt-1}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: Test | ${{ matrix.os }} | ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }} | ${{ matrix.reloc && 'reloc | ' || '' }} ${{ matrix.suite }}
     env:
@@ -122,37 +122,37 @@ jobs:
       CC: ${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler.cxx }}
       CACHE_BASE_KEY: test-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}-${{ matrix.reloc }}-${{ matrix.suite }}
-      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 100M  # Per build per suite (* 5 * 5 = 2500M in total)
       VERILATOR_ARCHIVE: verilator-${{ github.sha }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler.cc }}.tar.gz
     steps:
 
-    - name: Download tar archive
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}
+      - name: Download tar archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-    - name: Unpack tar archive
-      working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-      run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+      - name: Unpack tar archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
 
-    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      env:
-        CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
-      with:
-        path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        env:
+          CACHE_KEY: ${{ env.CACHE_BASE_KEY }}-ccache2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ env.CACHE_KEY }}-
 
-    - name: Install test dependencies
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
-    - name: Test
-      env:
-        TESTS: ${{ matrix.suite }}
-      run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+      - name: Test
+        env:
+          TESTS: ${{ matrix.suite }}
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
   lint-py:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -161,21 +161,21 @@ jobs:
       CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME: build
       CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        path: repo
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          path: repo
 
-    - name: Install packages for build
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
     # We use specific version numbers, otherwise a Python package
     # update may add a warning and break our build
-    - name: Install packages for lint
-      run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
+      - name: Install packages for lint
+        run: sudo pip3 install pylint==3.0.2 ruff==0.1.3 clang sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
 
-    - name: Configure
-      run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
+      - name: Configure
+        run: autoconf && ./configure --enable-longtests --enable-ccwarn
 
-    - name: Lint
-      run: make -k lint-py
+      - name: Lint
+        run: make -k lint-py

.github/workflows/contributor.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
+#
 name: Contributor Agreement
-
 on:
   push:
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
-
 jobs:
   Test:
     name: "'docs/CONTRIBUTORS' was signed"
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.pl
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: test_regress/t/t_dist_contributors.py

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ name: coverage
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
-  - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # weekly
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'  # weekly
 
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: linux
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ defaults:
 
 jobs:
 
-
   Build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     env:
@@ -29,49 +29,36 @@ jobs:
       CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
 
-    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        path: repo
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          path: repo
 
-    - name: Install packages for build
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+      - name: Install packages for build
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
-    - name: Build
-      run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-    - name: Tar up repository
-      working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-      run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
-
-    - name: Upload tar archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+      - name: Tar up repository
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: tar --posix -c -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }} repo
 
+      - name: Upload tar archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
 
   Test:
     needs: Build
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        test:
-        - vlt-
-        - vltmt-
-        num:
-        - 0
-        - 1
-        - 2
-        - 3
-        - 4
-        - 5
-        - 6
-        - 7
-        - 8
-        - 9
+        test: [vlt-, vltmt-]
+        num: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
         include:
-        - { test: dist, num: '' }
+          - {test: dist, num: ''}
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     name: test-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
     env:
@@ -79,27 +66,27 @@ jobs:
       CI_RUNS_ON: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
 
-    - name: Download tar archive
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}
+      - name: Download tar archive
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
-    - name: Unpack tar archive
-      working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
-      run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
+      - name: Unpack tar archive
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: tar -x -z -f ${{ env.VERILATOR_ARCHIVE }}
 
-    - name: Install test dependencies
-      run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        run: ./ci/ci-install.bash
 
-    - name: Test
-      env:
-        TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
-      run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
+      - name: Test
+        env:
+          TESTS: coverage-${{ matrix.test }}${{ matrix.num }}
+        run: ./ci/ci-script.bash
 
-    - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
-      env:
-        CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
-        ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info
+      - name: Upload coverage data to Codecov
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          find . -name '*.gcno' -exec rm {} \;
+          ./ci/codecov -v upload-process -Z --sha ${{ github.sha }} -f nodist/obj_dir/coverage/app_total.info

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 # Build and push verilator docker image when tags are pushed to the repository.
 # The following variable(s) must be configured in the github repository:
 # DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE: docker hub namespace.
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ name: Build Verilator Container
 
 on:
   push:
-    tags: [ 'v*' ]
+    tags: ['v*']
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       manual_tag:
@@ -34,52 +35,52 @@ jobs:
           # - "ci/docker/buildenv:verilator-buildenv"
 
     steps:
-    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-    - name: Extract context variables
-      run: |
-        echo "${{ matrix.contexts }}" | sed -r 's/(.*):.*/build_context=\1/' >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "${{ matrix.contexts }}" | sed -r 's/.*:(.*)/image_name=\1/' >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "git_tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/*/}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Extract context variables
+        run: |
+          echo "${{ matrix.contexts }}" | sed -r 's/(.*):.*/build_context=\1/' >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "${{ matrix.contexts }}" | sed -r 's/.*:(.*)/image_name=\1/' >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "git_tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/*/}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
-    - name: Use manual tag
-      if: ${{ inputs.manual_tag }}
-      run: |
-        echo "git_tag=${{ inputs.manual_tag }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Use manual tag
+        if: ${{ inputs.manual_tag }}
+        run: |
+          echo "git_tag=${{ inputs.manual_tag }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
-    - name: Docker meta
-      id: docker_meta
-      uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
-      with:
-        images: |
-          ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
-        tags: |
-          type=match,pattern=(v.*),group=1,enable=${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-          type=raw,value=${{ inputs.manual_tag }},enable=${{ inputs.manual_tag != '' }}
-          type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: docker_meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+        with:
+          images: |
+            ${{ vars.DOCKER_HUB_NAMESPACE }}/${{ env.image_name }}
+          tags: |
+            type=match,pattern=(v.*),group=1,enable=${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+            type=raw,value=${{ inputs.manual_tag }},enable=${{ inputs.manual_tag != '' }}
+            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ inputs.add_latest_tag == true }}
 
-    - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
 
-    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
-      with:
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        with:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
 
-    - name: Login to Docker Hub
-      uses: docker/login-action@v2
-      with:
-        username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
-        password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
 
-    - name: Build and Push to Docker
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
-      if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-      with:
-        context: ${{ env.build_context }}
-        build-args: SOURCE_COMMIT=${{ env.git_tag }}
-        platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
-        push: ${{ !env.ACT && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
-        labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+      - name: Build and Push to Docker
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+        with:
+          context: ${{ env.build_context }}
+          build-args: SOURCE_COMMIT=${{ env.git_tag }}
+          platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
+          push: ${{ !env.ACT && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
+#
 name: format
-
 on:
   push:
   pull_request_target:
   workflow_dispatch:
-
 jobs:
   format:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/msbuild.yml

@@ -1,55 +1,50 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: Github actions config
 # This name is key to badges in README.rst, so we use the name build
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
-
+#
 name: msbuild
-
 on:
   push:
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
-  - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # weekly
-
+    - cron: 0 0 * * 0  # weekly
 env:
   CI_OS_NAME: win
   CI_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
   CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
   CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
   CCACHE_LIMIT_MULTIPLE: 0.95
-
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: repo
-
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
-
 jobs:
-
-   windows:
+  windows:
     name: run on windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        path: repo
-    - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
-        key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
-    - name: compile
-      env:
-        WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
-      run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
-    - name: test build
-      run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
-    - name: Zip up repository
-      run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
-    - name: Upload zip archive
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
-        name: verilator-win.zip
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          path: repo
+      - name: Cache $CCACHE_DIR
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: msbuild-msvc-cmake
+      - name: compile
+        env:
+          WIN_FLEX_BISON: ${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-compile.ps1
+      - name: test build
+        run: ./ci/ci-win-test.ps1
+      - name: Zip up repository
+        run: Compress-Archive -LiteralPath install -DestinationPath verilator.zip
+      - name: Upload zip archive
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/repo/verilator.zip
+          name: verilator-win.zip

.gitignore

@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@ dddrun*
 doxygen-doc
 gdbrun*
 gmon.out
-ncverilog.history
 internals.txt
+ncverilog.history
+nohup.out
+verilator-config-version.cmake
+verilator-config.cmake
+verilator.pc
 verilator.txt
 verilator_bin*
 verilator_coverage_bin*
-verilator.pc
-verilator-config.cmake
-verilator-config-version.cmake
 **/__pycache__/*
 **/_build/*
 **/obj_dir/*

.pre-commit-hooks.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+- id: verilator
+  name: verilator-lint
+  description: Runs verilator Docker image to lint (System) Verilog designs
+  args: [--lint-only]
+  language: docker_image
+  entry: verilator/verilator:latest
+  types_or: [verilog, system-verilog]

.style.yapf

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[style]
+based_on_style = pep8
+column_limit = 99
+#split_before_arithmetic_operator=True

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -14,37 +14,49 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0091 NEW) # Use MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY to select the runtime
-project(Verilator
-    VERSION 5.028
+project(
+    Verilator
+    VERSION 5.034
     HOMEPAGE_URL https://verilator.org
     LANGUAGES CXX
 )
 
-option(DEBUG_AND_RELEASE_AND_COVERAGE
-    "Builds both the debug and release binaries, overriding CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE. Not supported under MSBuild.")
+# Set default build type to Release if not specified
+if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+option(
+    DEBUG_AND_RELEASE_AND_COVERAGE
+    "Builds both the debug and release binaries, overriding CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE. Not supported under MSBuild."
+)
 
 find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter)
 set(PYTHON3 ${Python3_EXECUTABLE})
-set(CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
+# See also CMake built-in; CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX is applied by the install command.
+set(CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR .)
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
 include(CheckStructHasMember)
 include(ExternalProject)
 include(FindThreads)
 
-if (NOT WIN32)
+if(NOT WIN32)
     message(WARNING "CMake support on Linux/OSX is experimental.")
 endif()
 
-if (WIN32)
-    if (DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+if(WIN32)
+    if(DEFINED ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         set(WIN_FLEX_BISON "$ENV{WIN_FLEX_BISON}")
     endif()
-    if (EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
+    if(EXISTS ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
         list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${WIN_FLEX_BISON})
     endif()
-    if (NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Please install https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison and set WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable. Please use install cmake target after a successful build.")
+    if(NOT WIN_FLEX_BISON)
+        message(
+            FATAL_ERROR
+            "Please install https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison and set WIN_FLEX_BISON environment variable. Please use install cmake target after a successful build."
+        )
     endif()
     set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 endif()
@@ -52,20 +64,25 @@ endif()
 set(OBJCACHE "" CACHE STRING "Path for ccache, auto-detected if empty")
 option(OBJCACHE_ENABLED "Compile Verilator with ccache" ON)
 
-if (OBJCACHE_ENABLED)
-    if (OBJCACHE STREQUAL "")
+if(OBJCACHE_ENABLED)
+    if(OBJCACHE STREQUAL "")
         find_program(OBJCACHE_PATH ccache)
-        if (OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "OBJCACHE_PATH-NOTFOUND")
+        if(OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "OBJCACHE_PATH-NOTFOUND")
             set(OBJCACHE_PATH "")
         endif()
     else()
         set(OBJCACHE_PATH "${OBJCACHE}")
     endif()
-    if (NOT OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "")
-        execute_process(COMMAND "${OBJCACHE_PATH}" --version
-                OUTPUT_VARIABLE objcache_version)
+    if(NOT OBJCACHE_PATH STREQUAL "")
+        execute_process(
+            COMMAND "${OBJCACHE_PATH}" --version
+            OUTPUT_VARIABLE objcache_version
+        )
         string(REGEX MATCH "[^\n\r]+" objcache_version "${objcache_version}")
-        message(STATUS "Found ccache: ${OBJCACHE_PATH} (\"${objcache_version}\")")
+        message(
+            STATUS
+            "Found ccache: ${OBJCACHE_PATH} (\"${objcache_version}\")"
+        )
         set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${OBJCACHE_PATH}")
     endif()
 endif()
@@ -76,8 +93,8 @@ find_package(FLEX)
 # Build
 #set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY JOB_POOLS one_job=1)
 
-if (DEBUG_AND_RELEASE_AND_COVERAGE)
-    if (CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "^Visual Studio ")
+if(DEBUG_AND_RELEASE_AND_COVERAGE)
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "^Visual Studio ")
         error("%Error: The DEBUG_AND_RELEASE_AND_COVERAGE option is not supported in MSBuild-based builds.")
     endif()
     set(saved_build_type ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
@@ -102,22 +119,39 @@ set(AR ${CMAKE_AR})
 configure_file(include/verilated_config.h.in include/verilated_config.h @ONLY)
 configure_file(include/verilated.mk.in include/verilated.mk @ONLY)
 
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/verilated_config.h DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include)
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/verilated.mk DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include)
-
-configure_package_config_file(verilator-config.cmake.in verilator-config.cmake
-    INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+install(
+    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/verilated_config.h
+    DESTINATION include
+)
+install(
+    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/verilated.mk
+    DESTINATION include
 )
 
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
-
-configure_package_config_file(verilator-config-version.cmake.in verilator-config-version.cmake
-    INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+configure_package_config_file(
+    verilator-config.cmake.in
+    verilator-config.cmake
+    INSTALL_DESTINATION .
 )
 
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config-version.cmake DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
+install(
+    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config.cmake
+    DESTINATION .
+)
 
-foreach (program
+configure_package_config_file(
+    verilator-config-version.cmake.in
+    verilator-config-version.cmake
+    INSTALL_DESTINATION .
+)
+
+install(
+    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilator-config-version.cmake
+    DESTINATION .
+)
+
+foreach(
+    program
     verilator
     verilator_gantt
     verilator_ccache_report
@@ -128,16 +162,23 @@ foreach (program
     install(PROGRAMS bin/${program} TYPE BIN)
 endforeach()
 
-install(DIRECTORY examples TYPE DATA FILES_MATCHING
+install(
+    DIRECTORY examples
+    TYPE DATA
+    FILES_MATCHING
     PATTERN "examples/*/*.[chv]*"
     PATTERN "examples/*/Makefile*"
     PATTERN "examples/*/CMakeLists.txt"
 )
 
-install(DIRECTORY include TYPE DATA FILES_MATCHING
+install(
+    DIRECTORY include
+    TYPE DATA
+    FILES_MATCHING
     PATTERN "include/verilated_config.h"
     PATTERN "include/*.[chv]"
     PATTERN "include/*.cpp"
+    PATTERN "include/*.vlt"
     PATTERN "include/*.sv"
     PATTERN "include/gtkwave/*.[chv]*"
     PATTERN "include/vltstd/*.[chv]*"

Changes

@@ -8,6 +8,220 @@ The changes in each Verilator version are described below.  The
 contributors that suggested a given feature are shown in []. Thanks!
 
 
+Verilator 5.034 2025-02-24
+==========================
+
+**Important:**
+
+* This is likely the last version to support Ubuntu 20.04, which is at end-of-life.
+* Add expression coverage (#4677) (#5719). [Todd Strader]
+
+**Other:**
+
+* Add `COVERIGN` warning, as a more specific UNSUPPORTED error.
+* Add `--public-ignore` to ignore public metacomments (#5716). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Add `--preproc-token-limit` (#5768). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add lint error on importing package within a class (#5634) (#5679). [Nick Brereton]
+* Add `--preproc-resolve` for modules in preprocessor output (#5789). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support multidimensional array access via VPI (#2812) (#5573). [Krzysztof Starecki]
+* Support nested classes (#4178) (#5778). [Kamil Rakoczy, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support VPI array accessors (#5612). [Moubarak Jeje]
+* Support unpacked structure constrained randomization (#5657) (#5759). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support generated classes (#5665). [Shou-Li Hsu]
+* Support constraints on associative array user-defined keys (#5671) (#5729). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `+incdir` with multiple directories.
+* Support integer atom type ports in `--hierarchical` (#5748). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support constrained random for arrays in structs (#5765) (#5802). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support selects on arbitrary string expressions (#5773). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support side effects of form 'variable[index_function()]++'.
+* Improve hierarchical DPI wrapper scheduling performance (#2583) (#5734). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve VPI write errors (#5712). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Improve `resetall support (#5728) (#5730). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Optimize labels as final `if` block statements (#5744).
+* Optimize empty function definition bodies (#5750).
+* Optimize splitting trigger computation and dump (#5798). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix error message when call task as a function (#3089). [Matthew Ballance]
+* Fix force VPI public signal visibility (#5225). [Frédéric Requin]
+* Fix VPI iteration over hierarchy (#5314) (#5731). [Natan Kreimer]
+* Fix constrained random for > 64-bit associative arrays (#5670) (#5682). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix mis-optimizing away `$urandom` (#5703). [Parker Schless]
+* Fix packages with `--public-depth 1` (#5708). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Fix V3Simulate constant reuse (#5709). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix man pages what-is section (#5710). [Ahmed El-Mahmoudy]
+* Fix pattern assignment to real inside struct (#5713).
+* Fix %p format output for real inside struct (#5713).
+* Fix segfault when only enum value referenced in package (#5714). [Dan Katz]
+* Fix `BLKSEQ` on suspendable processes (#5722). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix vpiDefName issues with non-inlined scopes and dpi conflicts (#5732). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Fix inlined expression with assignment under LHS of NBA (#5736) (#5740). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix duplicate-named class variable equivalence (#5737).
+* Fix `-j` ignored after `-f` (#5749). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix handling forced assigns in V3Life (#5757). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix VFileContent reference count (#5769) (#5771). [Dave Sargeant]
+* Fix ignoring joins in stringify in preprocessor (#5777). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix unpacked split_var (#5782) (#5785). [Yutetsu TAKATSUKASA]
+* Fix time import error on time parameters (#5786). [Luca Colagrande]
+* Fix dpi context functions (#5788). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `$monitor` with dotted references (#5794). [Ahmed Elzeftawi]
+* Fix parsing input wire with default and range (#5800). [RJ Cunningham]
+* Fix matching language extension options including dots.
+
+
+Verilator 5.032 2025-01-01
+==========================
+
+**Minor:**
+
+* Support queue's assignment `push_back/push_front('{})` (#5585) (#5586). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic constrained random for multi-dimensional dynamic array and queue (#5591). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support vpiDefName (#3906) (#5572). [Krzysztof Starecki]
+* Support parameter names in pattern initialization (#5593) (#5596). [Greg Davill]
+* Support randomize size constraints with restrictions (#5582 partial) (#5611). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support associative array basic constrained randomization (#5658) (#5670). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `default disable iff` and `$inferred_disable` (#4016). [Srinivasan Venkataramanan]
+* Support `extern constraint` and `pure constraint`.
+* Add `--no-std-waiver` and default reading of standard lint waivers file (#5607).
+* Add `--no-std-package` as subset-alias of `--no-std` (#5607).
+* Add `lint_off --contents` in configuration files (#5606).
+* Add `--waiver-multiline` for context-sensitive `--waiver-output` (#5608).
+* Add `--fno-inline-funcs` to disable function inlining.
+* Add `--fno-slice` to disable array assignment slicing (#5644).
+* Add error on illegal enum base type (#3010). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Add error on `wait` with missing `.triggered` (#4457).
+* Add error when improperly storing to parameter (#5147). [Gökçe Aydos]
+* Add error on illegal `--prefix` etc. values (#5507). [Fabian Keßler]
+* Add error on `--savable --timing` (#5690). [Narcis Rodas]
+* Add coverage point hierarchy to coverage reports (#5575) (#5576). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Add warning on global constraints (#5625). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add default CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE (#5691) (#5692). [Anthony Moore]
+* Add error on `solve before` or soft constraints of `randc` variable.
+* Improve concatenation performance (#5598) (#5599) (#5602). [Geza Lore]
+* Improve optimization of duplicate wide expressions (#5637). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix dotted reference in delay value (#2410).
+* Fix `function fork...join_none` regression with unknown type (#4449).
+* Fix public_module requiring a wire to become public (#4916). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Fix --hierarchical on projects with dot-f dependency lists (#5199) (#5669). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix can't locate scope error in interface task delayed assignment (#5462) (#5568). [Zhou Shen]
+* Fix BLKANDNBLK for for VARXREFs (#5569). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix VPI error instead of fatal for vpi_get_value() on large signals (#5571). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix --output-groups leftover files issue (#5574). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix slow unsized number parsing (#5577). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix negative assignment pattern keys (#5580). [Iztok Jeras]
+* Fix duplicate scope identifiers decoding (#5584). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `rand` dynamic arrays with null handles (#5594). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix NBAs to unpacked arrays of unpacked structs (#5603). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix array of struct member overwrites on member update (#5605) (#5618) (#5628). [sumpster]
+* Fix interface and struct pattern collision (#5639) (#5640). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix mis-aliasing of instances with mailbox parameter types (#5632 partial).
+* Fix error on duplicated declaration of gen block (#5663). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix wildcard equality and inside operators for non-fourstate expressions (#5673). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `randomize..with` of parameterized classes (#5676). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix interface bracketed array parameter access (#5677) (#5678). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix width extension of operands of `inside` operator (#5685). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix VPI + SYMRSVDWORD intersection (#5686). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix verilator_gantt for hierarchically Verilated models (#5700). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+
+
+Verilator 5.030 2024-10-27
+==========================
+
+**Major:**
+
+* Add `-output-groups` to build with concatenated .cpp files (#5257). [Mariusz Glebocki]
+* Self-tests have been converted to Python, run `{test_name}.py` instead of `{test_name}.pl`.
+
+**Minor:**
+
+* Change .vlt config files to be read before .v files (#5185). [David Moberg]
+* Change to use maximum for cover point aggregation (#5402). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Change `--main` and `--binary` to use a TOP hierarchy name of "" (#5482).
+* Change install of public executables into bindir instead of pkgdatadir (#5140) (#5544). [Geza Lore]
+* Support IEEE-compliant intra-assign delays (#3711) (#5441). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support `wor`, `trior`, `wand`, `triand` (#5386) (#5496). [Zhou Shen]
+* Support unconstrained randomization for unions (#5395) (#5396). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support basic constrained queue randomization (#5413). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support packed/unpacked and dynamic array unconstrained randomization (#5414) (#5415). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support appending to queue via `[]` (#5421). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support named event locals (#5422). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support basic `dist` constraints (#5431). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support unpacked array constrained randomization (#5437) (#5489). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support inside array constraints (#5448). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Support DPI imports and exports with double underscores (#5481).
+* Support ccache when compiling Verilated files with cmake.
+* Support `local` and `protected` on `typedef` (#5460).
+* Support unconstrained randomization for associative array and queue (#5515). [Yilou Wang]
+* Support `rand` dynamic arrays of objects (#5557) (#5564). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Add error on misused genvar (#408). [Alex Solomatnikov]
+* Add error on instances without parenthesis.
+* Add Docker pre-commit hook (#5238) (#5452). [Chris Bachhuber]
+* Add partial coverage symbol and branch data in lcov info files (#5388). [Andrew Nolte]
+* Add method to check if there are VPI callbacks of the given type (#5399). [Kaleb Barrett]
+* Remove warning on unsized numbers exceeding 32-bits.
+* Improve Verilation thread pool (#5161). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve performance of V3VariableOrder with parallelism (#5406). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve parser error handling (#5493). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Improve process trigger performance (#5483). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix suppression of WIDTH* warnings when immediately under a size cast (#3417).
+* Fix `$fatal` to not be affected by `+verilator+error+limit` (#5135). [Gökçe Aydos]
+* Fix equivalence checking when replacing type parameters (#5213) (#5255). [Han Qi]
+* Fix display with multiple string formats (#5311). [Luiza de Melo]
+* Fix performance of V3Trace when many activity blocks (#5372). [Deniz Güzel]
+* Fix REALCVT warning on integral timescale conversions (#5378). [Liam Braun]
+* Fix multidimensional function return value selects (#5382). [Gökçe Aydos]
+* Fix internal error in out-of-range select (#5393) (#5443). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix dot fallback finding wrong symbols (#5394). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix infinite recursion due to recursive functions/tasks (#5398). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix V3Randomize compile error on old GCC (#5403) (#5417). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix extra events in traces (#5405).
+* Fix empty `foreach` in `if` in constraints (#5408). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix queue `[$-i]` select as reference argument (#5411). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `pre`/`post_randomize` on `randomize() with` (#5412). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix capturing params in `randomize() with` (#5416) (#5418). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `sformatf` internal error on initial automatics (#5423). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix clearing trigger of events with no sensitivity trees (#5426). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix driving clocking block in reactive region (#5430). [Krzysztof Bieganski, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix associative array next/prev/first/last mis-propagating constants (#5435). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Fix randomize treated as std::randomize in classes (#5436). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `foreach` colliding index names (#5444). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix fault on defparam with UNSUPPORTED ignored (#5450). [Luiza de Melo]
+* Fix class reference with pin that is a class reference (#5454).
+* Fix not reporting class reference with extra parameters (#5467).
+* Fix user-type parameter overlap (#5469). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix tracing when name() is empty (#5470). [Sam Shahrestani]
+* Fix timing mode not exiting on empty events (#5472).
+* Fix coverage counts missing due to table optimization (#5473) (#5474). [Vito Gamberini]
+* Fix `--binary` with .cpp PLI filenames under relative directory paths.
+* Fix extra dot in coverage point hierarchy when using name()=''.
+* Fix short-circuiting with associative array access (#5484). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Fix short-circuiting on method calls (#5486). [Ethan Sifferman]
+* Fix exponential concatenate performance (#5488). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix V3Table trying to generate 'x' bits in the lookup table. (#5491). [Geza Lore]
+* Fix randomize with foreach constraints (#5492). [Arkadiusz Kozdra, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix explicit CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX usages (#5500). [Fabian Keßler]
+* Fix configure inserting absolute paths for Python and Perl (#5504) (#5505). [Nathan Graybeal]
+* Fix pattern initialization with typedef key (#5512). [Eugene Feinberg]
+* Fix `-j` option without argument in hierarchical Verilation (#5514). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix `foreach` with 2-D queues and dynamic arrays (#5525) (#5529). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix struct array assignment (#5455) (#5537). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix copy constructor of classes that use std::process (#5528). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix foreach on associative array (#5530). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix multi-range indices assignment (#5534) (#5547). [Yilou Wang]
+* Fix static function wrappers (#5536). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix assignments of concatenation to queues and dynamic arrays (#5540). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix container reduction methods (#5542). [Krzysztof Boroński]
+* Fix complex user type problem with `--x-assign` (#5543). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix long module names crashing string handling (#5546). [Filip Badáň]
+* Fix array trace splitting (#5549). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix queue element access (#5551). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix struct literal on pattern assignment (#5552) (#5559). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix build on gcc when using the Spack wrapper (#5555). [Eric Müller]
+* Fix enum name method (#5563). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix `$countbits` in assert with non-tristates (#5566). [Shou-Li Hsu]
+* Fix missing VlProcess handle in coroutines with splits (#5623) (#5650). [Bartłomiej Chmiel, Antmicro Ltd.]
+* Fix imported array assignment literals (#5642) (#5648). [Todd Strader]
+* Fix foreach mixed array (#5655) (#5656). [Yilou Wang]
+
+
 Verilator 5.028 2024-08-21
 ==========================
 
@@ -208,9 +422,10 @@ Verilator 5.024 2024-04-05
 * Fix preprocessor to respect strings in joins (#5007).
 * Fix tracing class parameters (#5014).
 * Fix memory leaks (#5016). [Geza Lore]
-* Fix $readmem with missing newline (#5019). [Josse Van Delm]
+* Fix `$readmem` with missing newline (#5019). [Josse Van Delm]
 * Fix internal error on missing pattern key (#5023).
 * Fix tracing replicated hierarchical models (#5027).
+* Fix false LIFETIME warning on `repeat` in `fork-join` (#5456).
 
 
 Verilator 5.022 2024-02-24
@@ -549,7 +764,7 @@ Verilator 5.012 2023-06-13
 * Fix wide structure VL_TOSTRING_W generation (#4188) (#4189). [Aylon Chaim Porat]
 * Fix references to members of parameterized base classes (#4196). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix tracing undefined alignment (#4201) (#4288) [John Wehle]
-* Fix class specific same methods for AstVarScope, AstVar, and AstScope (#4203) (#4250). [John Wehle]
+* Fix class-specific same methods for AstVarScope, AstVar, and AstScope (#4203) (#4250). [John Wehle]
 * Fix dotted references in parameterized classes (#4206). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix bit selections under parameterized classes (#4210). [Ryszard Rozak, Antmicro Ltd]
 * Fix duplicate std:: declaration with -I (#4215). [Harald Pretl]
@@ -4774,7 +4989,7 @@ Verilator 0.0 1994-07-08
 Copyright
 =========
 
-Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.

Makefile.in

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
 INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
 MAKEINFO = makeinfo
 POD2TEXT = pod2text
+PYTHON3 = @PYTHON3@
 MKINSTALLDIRS = $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/src/mkinstalldirs
 
 # Version (for docs/guide/conf.py)
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ datadir = @datadir@
 # Directory in which to install documentation info files.
 infodir = @infodir@
 
-# Directory in which to install package specific files
+# Directory in which to install package-specific files
 # Generally ${prefix}/share/verilator
 pkgdatadir = @pkgdatadir@
 
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
 
 #### End of system configuration section. ####
 ######################################################################
+# Main build targets
 
 .SUFFIXES:
 
@@ -146,6 +148,9 @@ verilator_exe verilator_bin$(EXEEXT) verilator_bin_dbg$(EXEEXT) verilator_covera
 	@echo "making verilator in src"
 	$(MAKE) -C src $(OBJCACHE_JOBS)
 
+######################################################################
+# Tests
+
 .PHONY:msg_test
 msg_test: all_nomsg
 	@echo "Build complete!"
@@ -156,7 +161,7 @@ msg_test: all_nomsg
 .PHONY: test
 ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS),yes)  # Local... Else don't burden users
 test: smoke-test test_regress
-# examples is part of test_regress's test_regress/t/t_a2_examples.pl
+# examples is part of test_regress's test_regress/t/t_a2_examples.py
 # (because that allows it to run in parallel with other test_regress's)
 else
 test: smoke-test examples
@@ -168,8 +173,8 @@ endif
 	@echo
 
 smoke-test: all_nomsg
-	test_regress/t/t_a1_first_cc.pl
-	test_regress/t/t_a2_first_sc.pl
+	test_regress/t/t_a1_first_cc.py
+	test_regress/t/t_a2_first_sc.py
 
 test_regress: all_nomsg
 	$(MAKE) -C test_regress
@@ -183,8 +188,11 @@ examples: all_nomsg
 	  $(MAKE) -C $$p VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd` || exit 10; \
 	done
 
+######################################################################
+# Docs
+
 .PHONY: docs
-docs: info
+docs: info $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
 info: $(INFOS)
 
@@ -193,7 +201,8 @@ verilator.1: ${srcdir}/bin/verilator
 verilator_coverage.1: ${srcdir}/bin/verilator_coverage
 	pod2man $< $@
 %.1: ${srcdir}/bin/%
-	help2man --no-info --no-discard-stderr --version-string=- $< -o $@
+	help2man --no-info --no-discard-stderr --version-string=- \
+		-n "$(shell $< --help | head -n 3 | tail -n 1)" $< -o $@
 
 .PHONY: verilator.html
 verilator.html:
@@ -204,6 +213,20 @@ verilator.html:
 verilator.pdf: Makefile
 	$(MAKE) -C docs verilator.pdf
 
+TAGFILES=${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
+	${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
+
+TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
+	etags $(TAGFILES)
+
+.PHONY: doxygen
+
+doxygen:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs doxygen
+
+######################################################################
+# Install
+
 # Public executables intended to be invoked directly by the user
 # Don't put wildcards in these variables, it might cause an uninstall of other stuff
 VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES = verilator \
@@ -227,6 +250,7 @@ VL_INST_INC_BLDDIR_FILES = \
 # Files under srcdir, instead of build time
 VL_INST_INC_SRCDIR_FILES = \
 	include/*.[chv]* \
+	include/*.vlt \
 	include/*.sv \
 	include/gtkwave/*.[chv]* \
 	include/vltstd/*.[chv]* \
@@ -244,11 +268,15 @@ mkbindirs:
 installbin: | mkbindirs
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
+	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
+	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
+	           -e 's/my \$$verilator_pkgdatadir_relpath = .*/my \$$verilator_pkgdatadir_relpath = "$$path";/g' \
+	           -- "$(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/verilator"
 	cd bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
+	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$p $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
 	done
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PRIVATE_SCRIPT_FILES) ; do \
@@ -258,11 +286,11 @@ installbin: | mkbindirs
 installredirect: installbin | mkbindirs
 	cp ${srcdir}/bin/redirect ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 	perl -p -i -e 'use File::Spec;' \
-	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin)", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))");' \
+	           -e' $$path = File::Spec->abs2rel("$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(bindir))", "$(realpath $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin)");' \
 	           -e 's/RELPATH.*/"$$path";/g' -- "${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp"
 	cd $(srcdir)/bin; \
 	for p in $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_SCRIPT_FILES) $(VL_INST_PUBLIC_BIN_FILES) ; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$$p; \
+	  $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) redirect.tmp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/$$p; \
 	done
 	rm ${srcdir}/bin/redirect.tmp
 
@@ -344,6 +372,19 @@ install-all: installbin installredirect installman installdata install-msg
 
 install-here: installman info
 
+install-msg:
+	@echo
+	@echo "Installed binaries to $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator"
+	@echo "Installed man to $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1"
+	@echo "Installed examples to $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples"
+	@echo
+	@echo "For documentation see 'man verilator' or 'verilator --help'"
+	@echo "For forums and to report bugs see https://verilator.org"
+	@echo
+
+######################################################################
+# Format/Lint
+
 # Use --xml flag to see the cppcheck code to use for suppression
 CPPCHECK1_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/include/*.cpp)
 CPPCHECK2_CPP = $(wildcard $(srcdir)/examples/*/*.cpp)
@@ -411,17 +452,32 @@ analyzer-include:
 	-rm -rf examples/*/obj*
 	scan-build $(MAKE) -k examples
 
-format: clang-format yapf format-pl-exec
+format:
+	$(MAKE) -j 4 format-c format-py format-exec
 
 CLANGFORMAT = clang-format-14
 CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS = -i
 CLANGFORMAT_FILES = $(CHECK_CPP) $(CHECK_H) $(CHECK_YL) test_regress/t/*.c* test_regress/t/*.h
 
-clang-format:
+format-c clang-format:
 	@$(CLANGFORMAT) --version | egrep 14.0 > /dev/null \
 		|| echo "*** You are not using clang-format-14, indents may differ from master's ***"
 	$(CLANGFORMAT) $(CLANGFORMAT_FLAGS) $(CLANGFORMAT_FILES)
 
+YAMLFIX = YAMLFIX_WHITELINES=1 YAMLFIX_LINE_LENGTH=130 YAMLFIX_preserve_quotes=true yamlfix
+
+yamlfix:
+	$(YAMLFIX) .
+
+# CMake files
+CMAKE_FILES = \
+	CMakeLists.txt \
+	examples/*/CMakeLists.txt \
+	src/CMakeLists.txt \
+	test_regress/CMakeLists.txt \
+	*.cmake.in \
+
+# Python programs, subject to format and lint
 PY_PROGRAMS = \
 	bin/verilator_ccache_report \
 	bin/verilator_difftree \
@@ -440,6 +496,7 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
 	src/flexfix \
 	src/vlcovgen \
 	src/.gdbinit.py \
+	test_regress/*.py \
 	test_regress/t/*.pf \
 	nodist/clang_check_attributes \
 	nodist/code_coverage \
@@ -449,44 +506,53 @@ PY_PROGRAMS = \
 	nodist/install_test \
 	nodist/log_changes \
 
+# Python files, subject to format but not lint
 PY_FILES = \
 	$(PY_PROGRAMS) \
 	nodist/code_coverage.dat \
+	test_regress/t/*.py \
+
+# Python files, test_regress tests
+PY_TEST_FILES = \
+	test_regress/t/*.py \
 
 YAPF = yapf3
-YAPF_FLAGS = -i
+YAPF_FLAGS = -i --parallel
 
-yapf:
+format-py yapf:
 	$(YAPF) $(YAPF_FLAGS) $(PY_FILES)
 
+GERSEMI = gersemi
+GERSEMI_FLAGS = -i
+
+format-cmake:
+	$(GERSEMI) $(GERSEMI_FLAGS) $(CMAKE_FILES)
+
 PYLINT = pylint
-PYLINT_FLAGS = --score=n --disable=R0801
+PYLINT_FLAGS = --recursive=n --score=n --disable=R0801
+PYLINT_TEST_FLAGS = $(PYLINT_FLAGS) --disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0209,C0411,C0413,C0301,R0801,R0912,R0915,R0916,R1702,W0511,W0621
 
 RUFF = ruff
 RUFF_FLAGS = check --ignore=E402,E501,E701
 
 # "make -k" so can see all tool result errors
 lint-py:
-	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-ruff
+	$(MAKE) -k lint-py-pylint lint-py-pylint-tests lint-py-ruff
 
 lint-py-pylint:
 	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
+lint-py-pylint-tests:
+	$(PYLINT) $(PYLINT_TEST_FLAGS) $(PY_TEST_FILES) | $(PYTHON3) nodist/lint_py_test_filter
+
 lint-py-ruff:
 	$(RUFF) $(RUFF_FLAGS) $(PY_PROGRAMS)
 
-format-pl-exec:
-	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.pl
+format-exec:
+	-chmod a+x test_regress/t/*.py
 
-install-msg:
-	@echo
-	@echo "Installed binaries to $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator"
-	@echo "Installed man to $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1"
-	@echo "Installed examples to $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples"
-	@echo
-	@echo "For documentation see 'man verilator' or 'verilator --help'"
-	@echo "For forums and to report bugs see https://verilator.org"
-	@echo
+######################################################################
+# Configure
 
 IN_WILD := ${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*/*.in
 
@@ -507,6 +573,9 @@ else
 	autoconf
 endif
 
+######################################################################
+# Clean
+
 maintainer-clean::
 	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use;"
 	@echo "rebuilding the deleted files requires autoconf."
@@ -537,17 +606,6 @@ distclean maintainer-clean::
 	rm -f bin/verilator_bin* bin/verilator_coverage_bin*
 	rm -f include/verilated.mk include/verilated_config.h
 
-TAGFILES=${srcdir}/*/*.cpp ${srcdir}/*/*.h ${srcdir}/*/*.in \
-	${srcdir}/*.in ${srcdir}/*.pod
-
-TAGS: $(TAGFILES)
-	etags $(TAGFILES)
-
-.PHONY: doxygen
-
-doxygen:
-	$(MAKE) -C docs doxygen
-
 ######################################################################
 # Distributions
 

README.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .. Github doesn't render images unless absolute URL
 .. Do not know of a conditional tag, "only: github" nor "github display" works
 
-|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge6| |badge7| |badge8|
+|badge1| |badge2| |badge3| |badge4| |badge5| |badge6| |badge7|
 
 .. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-Verilator.org-181717.svg
     :target: https://verilator.org
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@
     :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/verilator/verilator
 .. |badge6| image:: https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/fa78caa433c84a4ab9049c43e9debc6f
     :target: https://www.codacy.com/gh/verilator/verilator
-.. |badge7| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/verilator/verilator/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
-    :target: https://codecov.io/gh/verilator/verilator
-.. |badge8| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
+.. |badge7| image:: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/workflows/build/badge.svg
     :target: https://github.com/verilator/verilator/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild
 
 
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ Related Projects
 Open License
 ============
 
-Verilator is Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
+Verilator is Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
 `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)
 
 Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under

bin/redirect

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.

bin/verilator

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ if (! GetOptions(
     pod2usage(-exitstatus => 2, -verbose => 0);
 }
 
-my $verilator_root = realpath("$RealBin/..");
+# WARNING: $verilator_pkgdatadir_relpath is substituted during Verilator 'make install'
+my $verilator_pkgdatadir_relpath = "..";
+my $verilator_root = realpath("$RealBin/$verilator_pkgdatadir_relpath");
 if (defined $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT}) {
     if ((!-d $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT}) || $verilator_root ne realpath($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT})) {
         warn "%Error: verilator: VERILATOR_ROOT is set to inconsistent path. Suggest leaving it unset.\n";
@@ -267,8 +269,7 @@ __END__
 
 =head1 NAME
 
-Verilator - Translate and simulate SystemVerilog code using C++/SystemC
-
+Verilator - Lint, compile and simulate SystemVerilog code using C++/SystemC
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
 
@@ -327,6 +328,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --compiler-include          Include additional header in the precompiled one
     --converge-limit <loops>    Tune convergence settle time
     --coverage                  Enable all coverage
+    --coverage-expr             Enable expression coverage
+    --coverage-expr-max <value>     Maximum permutations allowed for an expression
     --coverage-line             Enable line coverage
     --coverage-max-width <width>   Maximum array depth for coverage
     --coverage-toggle           Enable toggle coverage
@@ -373,8 +376,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --gdb                       Run Verilator under GDB interactively
     --gdbbt                     Run Verilator under GDB for backtrace
     --generate-key              Create random key for --protect-key
-    --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --get-supported <feature>   Get if feature is supported
+    --getenv <var>              Get environment variable with defaults
     --help                      Show this help
     --hierarchical              Enable hierarchical Verilation
     --hierarchical-params-file <name> Internal option that specifies parameters file for hier blocks
@@ -384,6 +387,11 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --inline-mult <value>       Tune module inlining
     --instr-count-dpi <value>   Assumed dynamic instruction count of DPI imports
      -j <jobs>                  Parallelism for --build-jobs/--verilate-jobs
+    --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
+    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of adresses/paths in .tree.json
+    --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
+    --json-only-output          .tree.json output filename
+    --json-only-meta-output     .tree.meta.json output filename
     --l2-name <value>           Verilog scope name of the top module
     --language <lang>           Default language standard to parse
      -LDFLAGS <flags>           Linker pre-object arguments for makefile
@@ -405,6 +413,7 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      -O3                        High-performance optimizations
      -O<optimization-letter>    Selectable optimizations
      -o <executable>            Name of final executable
+    --output-groups <numfiles>  Group .cpp files into larger ones
     --output-split <statements>          Split .cpp files into pieces
     --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split model functions
     --output-split-ctrace <statements>   Split tracing functions
@@ -419,6 +428,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --pipe-filter <command>     Filter all input through a script
     --pp-comments               Show preprocessor comments with -E
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top-level class
+    --preproc-resolve           Include all found modules in the output with -E
+    --preproc-token-limit       Maximum tokens on a line allowed by preprocessor
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
     --prof-c                    Compile C++ code with profiling
     --prof-cfuncs               Name functions for profiling
@@ -429,8 +440,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --protect-lib <name>        Create a DPI protected library
     --public                    Mark signals as public; see docs
     --public-depth <level>      Mark public to specified module depth
-    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
     --public-flat-rw            Mark all variables, etc as public_flat_rw
+    --public-ignore             Ignore all public comment markings
+    --public-params             Mark all parameters as public_flat
      -pvalue+<name>=<value>     Overwrite toplevel parameter
     --quiet                     Minimize additional printing
     --quiet-exit                Don't print the command on failure
@@ -445,7 +457,9 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     --stats                     Create statistics file
     --stats-vars                Provide statistics on variables
-    --no-std                    Prevent parsing standard library
+    --no-std                    Prevent loading standard files
+    --no-std-package            Prevent parsing standard package
+    --no-std-waiver             Prevent parsing standard lint waivers
     --no-stop-fail              Do not call $stop when assertion fails
     --structs-packed            Convert all unpacked structures to packed structures
      -sv                        Enable SystemVerilog parsing
@@ -484,7 +498,8 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
      +verilog2001ext+<ext>      Synonym for +1364-2001ext+<ext>
     --version                   Show program version and exits
     --vpi                       Enable VPI compiles
-    --waiver-output <filename>  Create a waiver file based on the linter warnings
+    --waiver-multiline          Create multiline --match for waivers
+    --waiver-output <filename>  Create a waiver file based on linter warnings
      -Wall                      Enable all style warnings
      -Werror-<message>          Convert warnings to errors
      -Wfuture-<message>         Disable unknown message warnings
@@ -500,11 +515,6 @@ detailed descriptions of these arguments.
     --x-assign <mode>           Assign non-initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial <mode>          Assign initial Xs to this value
     --x-initial-edge            Enable initial X->0 and X->1 edge triggers
-    --no-json-edit-nums         Don't dump editNum in .tree.json files
-    --no-json-ids               Don't use short identifiers instead of adresses/paths in .tree.json
-    --json-only                 Create JSON parser output (.tree.json and .meta.json)
-    --json-only-output          .tree.json output filename
-    --json-only-meta-output     .tree.meta.json output filename
     --xml-only                  Create XML parser output
     --xml-output                XML output filename
      -y <dir>                   Directory to search for modules
@@ -537,7 +547,7 @@ description of these arguments.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of
 either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic
 License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_ccache_report

@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 
     For documentation see
     https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_ccache_report.html""",
-    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2002-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -67,30 +66,23 @@ else:
     wnames = max(len(_) for _ in results) + 1
     wresults = max(len(_) for _ in results.values()) + 1
     for k in sorted(results.keys()):
-        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(
-            k,
-            results[k],
-            elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
-            wnames=wnames,
-            wresults=wresults))
+        args.o.write("{:{wnames}} : {:{wresults}} : {}s\n".format(k,
+                                                                  results[k],
+                                                                  elapsed[k].total_seconds(),
+                                                                  wnames=wnames,
+                                                                  wresults=wresults))
 
     args.o.write("\nSummary:\n")
     counts = collections.Counter(_ for _ in results.values())
     total = sum(counts.values())
     for k in sorted(counts.keys()):
         c = counts[k]
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k,
-                                                        c,
-                                                        c / total,
-                                                        width=wresults))
+        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {} ({:.2%})\n".format(k, c, c / total, width=wresults))
 
     args.o.write("\nLongest:\n")
-    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()),
-                     key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
+    longest = sorted(list(elapsed.items()), key=lambda kv: -kv[1].total_seconds())
     for i, (k, v) in enumerate(longest):
-        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k,
-                                                v.total_seconds(),
-                                                width=wnames))
+        args.o.write("{:{width}}| {}s\n".format(k, v.total_seconds(), width=wnames))
         if i > 4:
             break
 

bin/verilator_coverage

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env perl
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ L<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_coverage.html>.
 
 The latest version is available from L<https://verilator.org>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ def diff_dir(a, b):
         diff_file(a, b)
         anyfile = True
     if not anyfile:
-        sys.stderr.write(
-            "%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
+        sys.stderr.write("%Warning: No .tree files found that have similar base names\n")
 
 
 def diff_file(a, b):
@@ -109,18 +108,14 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
 Verilator_difftree is used for debugging Verilator tree output files.
 It performs a diff between two files, or all files common between two
 directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.""",
-    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2005-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2005-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('--debug',
-                    action='store_const',
-                    const=9,
-                    help='enable debug')
+parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('--no-lineno',
                     action='store_false',
                     help='do not show differences in line numbering')

bin/verilator_gantt

@@ -15,11 +15,7 @@ LongestVcdStrValueLength = 0
 Threads = collections.defaultdict(lambda: [])  # List of records per thread id
 Mtasks = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'elapsed': 0, 'end': 0})
 Cpus = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {'mtask_time': 0})
-Global = {
-    'args': {},
-    'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}),
-    'stats': {}
-}
+Global = {'args': {}, 'cpuinfo': collections.defaultdict(lambda: {}), 'stats': {}}
 ElapsedTime = None  # total elapsed time
 ExecGraphTime = 0  # total elapsed time excuting an exec graph
 ExecGraphIntervals = []  # list of (start, end) pairs
@@ -31,8 +27,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         re_thread = re.compile(r'^VLPROFTHREAD (\d+)$')
         re_record = re.compile(r'^VLPROFEXEC (\S+) (\d+)(.*)$')
-        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(
-            r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)')
+        re_payload_mtaskBegin = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictStart (\d+) cpu (\d+)')
         re_payload_mtaskEnd = re.compile(r'id (\d+) predictCost (\d+)')
 
         re_arg1 = re.compile(r'VLPROF arg\s+(\S+)\+([0-9.]*)\s*')
@@ -41,7 +36,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
         re_proc_cpu = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC processor\s*:\s*(\d+)\s*$')
         re_proc_dat = re.compile(r'VLPROFPROC ([a-z_ ]+)\s*:\s*(.*)$')
         cpu = None
-        thread = None
+        thread = 0
         execGraphStart = None
 
         global LongestVcdStrValueLength
@@ -57,24 +52,21 @@ def read_data(filename):
                 tick = int(tick)
                 payload = payload.strip()
                 if kind == "SECTION_PUSH":
-                    LongestVcdStrValueLength = max(LongestVcdStrValueLength,
-                                                   len(payload))
+                    LongestVcdStrValueLength = max(LongestVcdStrValueLength, len(payload))
                     SectionStack.append(payload)
-                    Sections.append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
+                    Sections[thread].append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
                 elif kind == "SECTION_POP":
                     assert SectionStack, "SECTION_POP without SECTION_PUSH"
                     SectionStack.pop()
-                    Sections.append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
+                    Sections[thread].append((tick, tuple(SectionStack)))
                 elif kind == "MTASK_BEGIN":
-                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(
-                        payload).groups()
+                    mtask, predict_start, ecpu = re_payload_mtaskBegin.match(payload).groups()
                     mtask = int(mtask)
                     predict_start = int(predict_start)
                     ecpu = int(ecpu)
                     mTaskThread[mtask] = thread
                     records = Threads[thread]
-                    assert not records or records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1][
-                        'end'] <= tick
+                    assert not records or records[-1]['start'] <= records[-1]['end'] <= tick
                     records.append({
                         'start': tick,
                         'mtask': mtask,
@@ -85,8 +77,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
                     Mtasks[mtask]['thread'] = thread
                     Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] = predict_start
                 elif kind == "MTASK_END":
-                    mtask, predict_cost = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(
-                        payload).groups()
+                    mtask, predict_cost = re_payload_mtaskEnd.match(payload).groups()
                     mtask = int(mtask)
                     predict_cost = int(predict_cost)
                     begin = Mtasks[mtask]['begin']
@@ -106,6 +97,7 @@ def read_data(filename):
                     print("-Unknown execution trace record: %s" % line)
             elif re_thread.match(line):
                 thread = int(re_thread.match(line).group(1))
+                Sections.append([])
             elif re.match(r'^VLPROF(THREAD|VERSION)', line):
                 pass
             elif re_arg1.match(line):
@@ -163,8 +155,7 @@ def report():
 
     print("\nSummary:")
     print("  Total elapsed time = {} rdtsc ticks".format(ElapsedTime))
-    print("  Parallelized code  = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(
-        ExecGraphTime / ElapsedTime))
+    print("  Parallelized code  = {:.2%} of elapsed time".format(ExecGraphTime / ElapsedTime))
     print("  Total threads      = %d" % nthreads)
     print("  Total CPUs used    = %d" % ncpus)
     print("  Total mtasks       = %d" % len(Mtasks))
@@ -176,15 +167,12 @@ def report():
 
     if nthreads > ncpus:
         print()
-        print("%%Warning: There were fewer CPUs (%d) than threads (%d)." %
-              (ncpus, nthreads))
+        print("%%Warning: There were fewer CPUs (%d) than threads (%d)." % (ncpus, nthreads))
         print("        : See docs on use of numactl.")
     else:
         if 'cpu_socket_cores_warning' in Global:
             print()
-            print(
-                "%Warning: Multiple threads scheduled on same hyperthreaded core."
-            )
+            print("%Warning: Multiple threads scheduled on same hyperthreaded core.")
             print("        : See docs on use of numactl.")
         if 'cpu_sockets_warning' in Global:
             print()
@@ -228,8 +216,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
     serialTime = ElapsedTime - ExecGraphTime
 
     def subReport(elapsed, work):
-        print("  Thread utilization = {:7.2%}".format(work /
-                                                      (elapsed * nthreads)))
+        print("  Thread utilization = {:7.2%}".format(work / (elapsed * nthreads)))
         print("  Speedup            = {:6.3}x".format(work / elapsed))
 
     print("\nParallelized code, measured:")
@@ -256,8 +243,7 @@ def report_mtasks():
         if Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'] > 0:
             if Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] == 0:
                 Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] = 1  # don't log(0) below
-            p2e_ratio = math.log(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] /
-                                 Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'])
+            p2e_ratio = math.log(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost'] / Mtasks[mtask]['elapsed'])
             p2e_ratios.append(p2e_ratio)
 
             if p2e_ratio > max_p2e:
@@ -269,18 +255,14 @@ def report_mtasks():
 
     print("\nMTask statistics:")
     print("  Longest mtask id = {}".format(long_mtask))
-    print("  Longest mtask time = {:.2%} of time elapsed in parallelized code".
-          format(long_mtask_time / ExecGraphTime))
+    print("  Longest mtask time = {:.2%} of time elapsed in parallelized code".format(
+        long_mtask_time / ExecGraphTime))
     print("  min log(p2e) = %0.3f" % min_p2e, end="")
 
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
-          (min_mtask, Mtasks[min_mtask]['predict_cost']),
-          end="")
+    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (min_mtask, Mtasks[min_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
     print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[min_mtask]['elapsed'])
     print("  max log(p2e) = %0.3f" % max_p2e, end="")
-    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," %
-          (max_mtask, Mtasks[max_mtask]['predict_cost']),
-          end="")
+    print("  from mtask %d (predict %d," % (max_mtask, Mtasks[max_mtask]['predict_cost']), end="")
     print(" elapsed %d)" % Mtasks[max_mtask]['elapsed'])
 
     stddev = statistics.pstdev(p2e_ratios)
@@ -315,8 +297,8 @@ def report_cpus():
                 model = cpuinfo['model_name']
 
         print("  {:3d} | {:7.2%} / {:16d} | {:>6s} | {:>4s} | {}".format(
-            cpu, Cpus[cpu]['mtask_time'] / ElapsedTime,
-            Cpus[cpu]['mtask_time'], socket, core, model))
+            cpu, Cpus[cpu]['mtask_time'] / ElapsedTime, Cpus[cpu]['mtask_time'], socket, core,
+            model))
 
     if len(Global['cpu_sockets']) > 1:
         Global['cpu_sockets_warning'] = True
@@ -326,23 +308,27 @@ def report_cpus():
 
 
 def report_sections():
-    if not Sections:
-        return
-    print("\nSection profile:")
+    for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+        if section:
+            print(f"\nSection profile for thread {thread}:")
+            report_section(section)
 
+
+def report_section(section):
     totalTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
     selfTime = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
 
     sectionTree = [0, {}, 1]  # [selfTime, childTrees, numberOfTimesEntered]
     prevTime = 0
     prevStack = ()
-    for time, stack in Sections:
+    for time, stack in section:
         if len(stack) > len(prevStack):
             scope = sectionTree
             for item in stack:
                 scope = scope[1].setdefault(item, [0, {}, 0])
             scope[2] += 1
         dt = time - prevTime
+        assert dt >= 0
         scope = sectionTree
         for item in prevStack:
             scope = scope[1].setdefault(item, [0, {}, 0])
@@ -366,8 +352,8 @@ def report_sections():
 
     def printTree(prefix, name, entries, tree):
         print("  {:7.2%} | {:7.2%} | {:8} | {:10.2f} | {}".format(
-            treeSum(tree) / ElapsedTime, tree[0] / ElapsedTime, tree[2],
-            tree[2] / entries, prefix + name))
+            treeSum(tree) / ElapsedTime, tree[0] / ElapsedTime, tree[2], tree[2] / entries,
+            prefix + name))
         for k in sorted(tree[1], key=lambda _: -treeSum(tree[1][_])):
             printTree(prefix + "  ", k, tree[2], tree[1][k])
 
@@ -438,10 +424,8 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 addValue(code, start, mtask)
                 addValue(code, end, None)
 
-        tStart = sorted(_['start'] for records in Threads.values()
-                        for _ in records)
-        tEnd = sorted(_['end'] for records in Threads.values()
-                      for _ in records)
+        tStart = sorted(_['start'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
+        tEnd = sorted(_['end'] for records in Threads.values() for _ in records)
 
         # Predicted graph
         for start, end in ExecGraphIntervals:
@@ -455,11 +439,10 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
             # Predict mtasks that fill the time the execution occupied
             for mtask in Mtasks:
                 thread = Mtasks[mtask]['thread']
-                pred_scaled_start = start + int(
-                    Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
+                pred_scaled_start = start + int(Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] * measured_scaling)
                 pred_scaled_end = start + int(
-                    (Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] +
-                     Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost']) * measured_scaling)
+                    (Mtasks[mtask]['predict_start'] + Mtasks[mtask]['predict_cost']) *
+                    measured_scaling)
                 if pred_scaled_start == pred_scaled_end:
                     continue
 
@@ -479,12 +462,13 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
                 addValue(pcode, time, value)
 
         # Section graph
-        if Sections:
-            scode = getCode(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "section", "trace")
-            dcode = getCode(32, "section", "depth")
-            for time, stack in Sections:
-                addValue(scode, time, stack[-1] if stack else None)
-                addValue(dcode, time, len(stack))
+        for thread, section in enumerate(Sections):
+            if section:
+                scode = getCode(LongestVcdStrValueLength * 8, "section", f"t{thread}_trace")
+                dcode = getCode(32, "section", f"t{thread}_depth")
+                for time, stack in section:
+                    addValue(scode, time, stack[-1] if stack else None)
+                    addValue(dcode, time, len(stack))
 
         # Create output file
         fh.write("$version Generated by verilator_gantt $end\n")
@@ -537,7 +521,7 @@ def write_vcd(filename):
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-    description="""Create Gantt chart of multi-threaded execution.
+    description="""Create Gantt chart of Verilator multi-threaded execution
 
 Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 #xmultithreaded simulation performance, by showing when each macro-task
@@ -545,8 +529,7 @@ Verilator_gantt creates a visual representation to help analyze Verilator
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_gantt.html""",
-    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2018-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2018-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
@@ -554,12 +537,8 @@ Version 2.0.
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
 parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', help='enable debug')
-parser.add_argument('--no-vcd',
-                    help='disable creating vcd',
-                    action='store_true')
-parser.add_argument('--vcd',
-                    help='filename for vcd outpue',
-                    default='profile_exec.vcd')
+parser.add_argument('--no-vcd', help='disable creating vcd', action='store_true')
+parser.add_argument('--vcd', help='filename for vcd outpue', default='profile_exec.vcd')
 parser.add_argument('filename',
                     help='input profile_exec.dat filename to process',
                     default='profile_exec.dat')

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # pylint: disable=C0114,C0209
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 # of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 # Artistic License Version 2.0.

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
 
             # Older gprofs have no call column for single-call functions
             #                  %time      cumesec   selfsec      {stuff}   name
-            match = re.match(
-                r'^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+[^a-zA-Z_]*([a-zA-Z_].*)$',
-                line)
+            match = re.match(r'^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+[^a-zA-Z_]*([a-zA-Z_].*)$',
+                             line)
             if match:
                 pct = float(match.group(1))
                 sec = float(match.group(2))
@@ -136,19 +135,15 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
 
     design_width = 1
     for func, func_item in vfuncs.items():
-        if design_width < len(func_item['design']):
-            design_width = len(func_item['design'])
+        design_width = max(design_width, len(func_item['design']))
 
     print("Verilog code profile:")
     print("   These are split into three categories:")
     print("      C++:     Time in non-Verilated C++ code")
     print("      Prof:    Time in profile overhead")
-    print("      VBlock:  Time attributable to a block in a" +
-          " Verilog file and line")
-    print("      VCommon: Time in a Verilated module," +
-          " due to all parts of the design")
-    print("      VLib:    Time in Verilated common libraries," +
-          " called by the Verilated code")
+    print("      VBlock:  Time attributable to a block in a" + " Verilog file and line")
+    print("      VCommon: Time in a Verilated module," + " due to all parts of the design")
+    print("      VLib:    Time in Verilated common libraries," + " called by the Verilated code")
     print()
 
     print("  %   cumulative   self              ")
@@ -156,13 +151,11 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
            "s  type      filename and line number") % "design")
 
     cume = 0
-    for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(),
-                       key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'],
-                       reverse=True):
+    for func in sorted(vfuncs.keys(), key=lambda f: vfuncs[f]['sec'], reverse=True):
         cume += vfuncs[func]['sec']
         print(("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f %10d   %-" + str(design_width) + "s  %s") %
-              (vfuncs[func]['pct'], cume, vfuncs[func]['sec'],
-               vfuncs[func]['calls'], vfuncs[func]['design'], func))
+              (vfuncs[func]['pct'], cume, vfuncs[func]['sec'], vfuncs[func]['calls'],
+               vfuncs[func]['design'], func))
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -171,7 +164,7 @@ def profcfunc(filename):
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-    description="""Read gprof report created with --prof-cfuncs.
+    description="""Read gprof report created with Verilator --prof-cfuncs
 
 Verilator_profcfunc reads a profile report created by gprof.  The names of
 the functions are then transformed, assuming the user used Verilator's
@@ -180,18 +173,14 @@ in each Verilog block.
 
 For documentation see
 https://verilator.org/guide/latest/exe_verilator_profcfunc.html""",
-    epilog=
-    """Copyright 2002-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+    epilog="""Copyright 2002-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('--debug',
-                    action='store_const',
-                    const=9,
-                    help='enable debug')
+parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('filename', help='input gprof output to process')
 
 Args = parser.parse_args()

ci/ci-install.bash

@@ -60,17 +60,14 @@ if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
       sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libgoogle-perftools-dev
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ]; then
+    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc libsystemc-dev
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ]; then
+    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
       sudo apt-get install bear mold ||
       sudo apt-get install bear mold
     fi
-    if [ "$COVERAGE" = 1 ]; then
-      yes yes | sudo cpan -fi Parallel::Forker
-    fi
   elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     brew update
     brew install ccache perl gperftools
@@ -94,12 +91,12 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     # libfl-dev needed for internal coverage's test runs
     sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3 ||
     sudo apt-get install gdb gtkwave lcov libfl-dev ccache jq z3
-    # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.pl
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ]; then
+    # Required for test_regress/t/t_dist_attributes.py
+    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
       sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold ||
       sudo apt-get install python3-clang mold
     fi
-    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ]; then
+    if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-20.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-22.04" ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = "ubuntu-24.04" ]; then
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev ||
       sudo apt-get install libsystemc-dev
     fi
@@ -114,10 +111,6 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
     fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
   fi
   # Common installs
-  if [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" != "ubuntu-14.04" ]; then
-    CI_CPAN_REPO=https://cpan.org
-  fi
-  yes yes | sudo cpan -M $CI_CPAN_REPO -fi Parallel::Forker
   install-vcddiff
   # Workaround -fsanitize=address crash
   sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28

ci/ci-script.bash

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "freebsd" ]; then
 else
   fatal "Unknown os: '$CI_OS_NAME'"
 fi
+NPROC=$(expr $NPROC '+' 1)
 
 if [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "build" ]; then
   ##############################################################################
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   # Run tests
 
   export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_CONTRIBUTORS=1  # Separate workflow check
+  export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_LINT_PY=1  # Separate workflow check
 
   if [ "$CI_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
     export VERILATOR_TEST_NO_GDB=1  # Pain to get GDB to work on OS X
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
   fi
 
   # Run sanitize on Ubuntu 22.04 only
-  [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-22.04' ] && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
+  ( [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-22.04' ] || [ "$CI_RUNS_ON" = 'ubuntu-24.04' ] ) && sanitize='--sanitize' || sanitize=''
 
   TEST_REGRESS=test_regress
   if [ "$CI_RELOC" == 1 ]; then
@@ -193,6 +195,8 @@ elif [ "$CI_BUILD_STAGE_NAME" = "test" ]; then
       ;;
   esac
 
+  # To see load average (1 minute, 5 minute, 15 minute)
+  uptime
   # 22.04: ccache -s -v
   ccache -s
 

ci/ci-win-compile.ps1

@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 Set-PSDebug -Trace 1
 
 if (-Not (Test-Path $PWD/../.ccache/win_bison.exe)) {
-	git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison
-	cd winflexbison
-	mkdir build
-	cd build
-	cmake .. --install-prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
-	cmake --build . --config Release -j 3
-	cmake --install . --prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
-	cd ../..
+    git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison
+    cd winflexbison
+    mkdir build
+    cd build
+    cmake .. --install-prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
+    cmake --build . --config Release -j 3
+    cmake --install . --prefix $PWD/../../../.ccache
+    cd ../..
 }
 
 mkdir build

ci/docker/buildenv/Dockerfile

@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
 
 WORKDIR /tmp
 
-RUN cpan install -fi Parallel::Forker
-
 RUN git clone https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff.git && \
     make -C vcddiff && \
     cp -p vcddiff/vcddiff /usr/local/bin/vcddiff && \

ci/docker/buildenv/README.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
+.. _Verilator Build Docker Container:
+
 Verilator Build Docker Container
 ================================
 

ci/docker/run/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Verilator Executable Docker Container

codecov.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+---
 # DESCRIPTION: codecov.io config
 #
-# Copyright 2020-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -8,31 +9,28 @@
 ####################
 # Validate:
 #  curl --data-binary @codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
-
+#
 codecov:
-  require_ci_to_pass: no
-
+  require_ci_to_pass: false
 coverage:
   precision: 2
   round: down
-  range: "50...100"
+  range: 50...100
   ignore:
-    - "ci"
-    - "docs"
-    - "examples"
-    - "include/gtkwave"
-    - "include/vltstd"
-    - "test_regress"
-
+    - "ci"  #
+    - "docs"  #
+    - "examples"  #
+    - "include/gtkwave"  #
+    - "include/vltstd"  #
+    - "test_regress"  #
 parsers:
   gcov:
     branch_detection:
-      conditional: yes
-      loop: yes
-      method: no
-      macro: no
-
+      conditional: true
+      loop: true
+      method: false
+      macro: false
 comment:
   layout: "reach,diff,flags,tree"
   behavior: default
-  require_changes: yes
+  require_changes: true

configure.ac

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 # General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # Then 'make maintainer-dist'
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### YYYY-MM-DD])
 #AC_INIT([Verilator],[#.### devel])
-AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.028 2024-08-21],
+AC_INIT([Verilator],[5.034 2025-02-24],
         [https://verilator.org],
         [verilator],[https://verilator.org])
 
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKAGE_VERSION_STRING_CHAR],
         [Package version as a number])
 AC_SUBST(PACKAGE_VERSION_STRING_CHAR)
 
+######################################################################
+## Arguments/flag checking
+
 # Ignore automake flags passed by Ubuntu builds
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([dependency-tracking],
               [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-dependency-tracking], [ignored])])
@@ -156,6 +159,11 @@ AC_ARG_WITH([solver],
 AC_SUBST(CFG_WITH_SOLVER)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($CFG_WITH_SOLVER)
 
+######################################################################
+## Compiler checks
+
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler CXX inbound is set to... $CXX])
+
 # Compiler flags (ensure they are not empty to avoid configure defaults)
 CFLAGS="$CFLAGS "
 CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "
@@ -168,8 +176,10 @@ AC_PROG_CXX
 AC_PROG_INSTALL
 
 AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
-cxx_version=$($CXX --version | head -1)
-AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler is $CXX --version = $cxx_version])
+CFG_CXX_VERSION=`$CXX --version | head -1`
+AC_MSG_RESULT([compiler $CXX --version = $CFG_CXX_VERSION])
+AC_SUBST(CFG_CXX_VERSION)
+
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([that C++ compiler can compile simple program])
 AC_RUN_IFELSE(
    [AC_LANG_SOURCE([int main() { return 0; }])],
@@ -182,24 +192,26 @@ if test "x$AR" = "x" ; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot find "ar" in your PATH, please install it])
 fi
 
-AC_PATH_PROG(PERL,perl)
+AC_CHECK_PROG(PERL,perl,perl)
 if test "x$PERL" = "x" ; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot find "perl" in your PATH, please install it])
 fi
 
-AC_PATH_PROG(PYTHON3,python3)
+AC_CHECK_PROG(PYTHON3,python3,python3)
 if test "x$PYTHON3" = "x" ; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot find "python3" in your PATH, please install it])
 fi
+python3_version=$($PYTHON3 --version | head -1)
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$PYTHON3 --version = $python3_version])
 
-AC_PATH_PROG(LEX,flex)
+AC_CHECK_PROG(LEX,flex,flex)
 if test "x$LEX" = "x" ; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot find "flex" in your PATH, please install it])
 fi
 flex_version=$($LEX --version | head -1)
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$LEX --version = $flex_version])
 
-AC_PATH_PROG(YACC,bison)
+AC_CHECK_PROG(YACC,bison,bison)
 if test "x$YACC" = "x" ; then
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Cannot find "bison" in your PATH, please install it])
 fi
@@ -466,6 +478,7 @@ m4_foreach([cflag],[
         [-Wno-parentheses-equality],
         [-Wno-shadow],
         [-Wno-sign-compare],
+        [-Wno-subobject-linkage],
         [-Wno-tautological-bitwise-compare],
         [-Wno-tautological-compare],
         [-Wno-uninitialized],
@@ -526,7 +539,7 @@ _MY_LDLIBS_CHECK_IFELSE(
   [if test "$CFG_WITH_TCMALLOC" != "no"; then
     CFG_LIBS="$LTCMALLOC $CFG_LIBS";
     # If using tcmalloc, add some extra options to make the compiler not assume
-    # it is using it's own versions of the standard library functions
+    # it is using its own versions of the standard library functions
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-malloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-calloc)
     _MY_CXX_CHECK_OPT(CFG_CXXFLAGS_SRC,-fno-builtin-realloc)
@@ -623,6 +636,9 @@ AC_SUBST(HAVE_SYSTEMC)
 
 # Checks for system services
 
+######################################################################
+## Output
+
 # Other install directories
 pkgdatadir=${datadir}/verilator
 AC_SUBST(pkgdatadir)

docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ This contributing document contains some suggestions that may make
 contributions flow more efficiently.
 
 
-Did you find a bug?
--------------------
+Did you find a Verilator bug?
+-----------------------------
 
 - Please **ensure the bug was not already reported** by searching
   `Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`__.
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Did you find a bug?
     <https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/internals.rst>`__.
 
 
-Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?
----------------------------------------
+Did you write a patch that fixes a Verilator bug?
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 - Please `Open a new Verilator issue <https://verilator.org/issues/new>`__
   if there is not one already describing the bug.
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?
 - Most important is we get your patch.
 
 
-Do you have questions?
-----------------------
+Do you have questions on Verilator?
+-----------------------------------
 
 - Please see FAQ section and rest of the `Verilator
   manual <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`__, or `Verilator

docs/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Adam Bagley
 Adrian Sampson
 Adrien Le Masle
 Ahmed El-Mahmoudy
+Aidan McNay
 Aleksander Kiryk
 Alex Chadwick
 Alex Solomatnikov
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ Andrei Kostovski
 Andrew Miloradovsky
 Andrew Nolte
 Anthony Donlon
+Anthony Moore
 Arkadiusz Kozdra
 Arthur Rosa
 Aylon Chaim Porat
@@ -36,17 +38,22 @@ Daniel Bates
 David Horton
 David Ledger
 David Metz
+Dave Sargeant
 David Stanford
 David Turner
 Dercury
+Diego Roux
 Don Williamson
 Drew Ranck
 Drew Taussig
 Driss Hafdi
 Edgar E. Iglesias
+Eric Müller
 Eric Rippey
 Ethan Sifferman
 Eyck Jentzsch
+Furqan Nadir
+Fabian Keßler
 Fan Shupei
 february cozzocrea
 Felix Neumärker
@@ -61,9 +68,11 @@ Gijs Burghoorn
 Glen Gibb
 Gökçe Aydos
 Graham Rushton
+Greg Davill
 Guokai Chen
 Gus Smith
 Gustav Svensk
+Han Qi
 Harald Heckmann
 Hennadii Chernyshchyk
 Howard Su
@@ -92,6 +101,7 @@ Jesse Taube
 Jevin Sweval
 Jiacheng Qian
 Jiamin Zhu
+Jitesh Nayak
 Jinyan Xu
 Jiuyang Liu
 Joey Liu
@@ -121,6 +131,7 @@ Krzysztof Bieganski
 Krzysztof Boronski
 Krzysztof Boroński
 Krzysztof Obłonczek
+Krzysztof Starecki
 Kuba Ober
 Larry Doolittle
 Liam Braun
@@ -147,9 +158,13 @@ Miodrag Milanović
 Mladen Slijepcevic
 Morten Borup Petersen
 Mostafa Gamal
+Moubarak Jeje
 Nandu Raj
+Natan Kreimer
+Nathan Graybeal
 Nathan Kohagen
 Nathan Myers
+Nick Brereton
 Nolan Poe
 Oleh Maksymenko
 Patrick Stewart
@@ -188,9 +203,11 @@ Srinivasan Venkataramanan
 Stefan Wallentowitz
 Stephen Henry
 Steven Hugg
+sumpster
 Szymon Gizler
 Sören Tempel
 Teng Huang
+Tom Manner
 Tim Hutt
 Tim Snyder
 Tobias Rosenkranz
@@ -199,6 +216,7 @@ Todd Strader
 Tomasz Gorochowik
 Topa Topino
 Toru Niina
+Trung Nguyen
 Tudor Timi
 Tymoteusz Blazejczyk
 Udi Finkelstein
@@ -215,6 +233,7 @@ Wilson Snyder
 Xi Zhang
 Yan Xu
 Yangyu Chen
+Yilou Wang
 Yinan Xu
 Yoda Lee
 Yossi Nivin

docs/Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 # Code available from: https://verilator.org
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ SPHINXBUILD ?= sphinx-build
 SOURCEDIR = guide
 BUILDDIR = _build
 
-SPHINXOPTS ?= -c guide
+SPHINXOPTS ?= -c guide -j 4
 ifneq ($(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID),)
 SPHINXOPTS += -D html_theme_options.analytics_id=$(VERILATOR_ANALYTICS_ID)
 endif

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_extract

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ class VlSphinxExtract:
                     outname = match.group(1)
                     print("Writing %s" % outname)
                     fhw = open(outname, "w", encoding="utf8")  # pylint: disable=consider-using-with
-                    fhw.write(
-                        ".. comment: generated by vl_sphinx_extract from " +
-                        filename + "\n")
+                    fhw.write(".. comment: generated by vl_sphinx_extract from " + filename + "\n")
                     fhw.write(".. code-block::\n")
                 elif re.match(r'^[=a-zA-Z0-9_]', line):
                     fhw = None
@@ -39,18 +37,14 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Read a file and extract documentation data.""",
-    epilog=
-    """ Copyright 2021-2024 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('--debug',
-                    action='store_const',
-                    const=9,
-                    help='enable debug')
+parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to extract from')
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 

docs/bin/vl_sphinx_fix

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ class VlSphinxFix:
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             for basefile in os.listdir(path):
                 file = os.path.join(path, basefile)
-                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..")
-                        and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
+                if ((basefile != ".") and (basefile != "..") and basefile not in self.SkipBasenames
                         and not os.path.islink(file)):
                     self.process(file)
         elif re.search(r'\.(html|tex)$', path):
@@ -54,18 +53,14 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     allow_abbrev=False,
     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     description="""Post-process Sphinx HTML.""",
-    epilog=
-    """ Copyright 2021-2024 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
+    epilog=""" Copyright 2021-2025 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 Version 2.0.
 
 SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0""")
 
-parser.add_argument('--debug',
-                    action='store_const',
-                    const=9,
-                    help='enable debug')
+parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
 parser.add_argument('path', help='path to edit')
 Args = parser.parse_args()
 

docs/gen/ex_MULTIDRIVEN_msg.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. comment: generated by t_lint_multidriven_bad
 .. code-block::
 
-   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 't.mem'
+   %Warning-MULTIDRIVEN: example.v:1:22 Signal has multiple driving blocks with different clocking: 'out2'
                          example.v:1:7 ... Location of first driving block
                          example.v:1:7 ... Location of other driving block

docs/guide/changes.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ****************

docs/guide/conf.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=C0103,C0114,C0116,C0301,E0402,W0622
 #
 # Configuration file for Verilator's Sphinx documentation builder.
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 #
 # This file only contains overridden options. For a full list:
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ def get_vlt_version():
     filename = "../../Makefile"
     with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf8") as fh:
         for line in fh:
-            match = re.search(r"PACKAGE_VERSION *= *([a-z0-9.]+) +([-0-9]+)",
-                              line)
+            match = re.search(r"PACKAGE_VERSION *= *([a-z0-9.]+) +([-0-9]+)", line)
             if match:
                 return match.group(1), match.group(2)
             match = re.search(r"PACKAGE_VERSION *= *([a-z0-9.]+) +devel", line)
@@ -75,8 +74,7 @@ extensions = []
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
 exclude_patterns = [
-    '_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', 'internals.rst', 'xml.rst', 'gen/ex_*',
-    'CONTRIBUTING.rst'
+    '_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', 'internals.rst', 'xml.rst', 'gen/ex_*', 'CONTRIBUTING.rst'
 ]
 
 # Warn about refs

docs/guide/connecting.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Connecting:

docs/guide/contributing.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *******************************
@@ -23,24 +23,24 @@ Next, try the :vlopt:`--debug` option.  This will enable additional
 internal assertions, and may help identify the problem.
 
 Finally, reduce your code to the smallest possible routine that exhibits
-the bug.  Even better, create a test in the :file:`test_regress/t`
-directory, as follows:
+the bug (see: :ref:`Minimizing bug-inducing code`).  Even better, create
+a test in the :file:`test_regress/t` directory, as follows:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
        cd test_regress
-       cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.pl t/t_BUG.pl
+       cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.py t/t_BUG.py
        cp -p t/t_EXAMPLE.v t/t_BUG.v
 
 There are many hints on how to write a good test in the
-:file:`test_regress/driver.pl` documentation which can be seen by running:
+:file:`test_regress/driver.py` documentation which can be seen by running:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
        cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
-       test_regress/driver.pl --help
+       test_regress/driver.py --help
 
-Edit :file:`t/t_BUG.pl` to suit your example; you can do anything you want
+Edit :file:`t/t_BUG.py` to suit your example; you can do anything you want
 in the Verilog code there; just make sure it retains the single clk input
 and no outputs.  Now, the following should fail:
 
@@ -48,20 +48,38 @@ and no outputs.  Now, the following should fail:
 
        cd $VERILATOR_ROOT  # Need the original distribution kit
        cd test_regress
-       t/t_BUG.pl  # Run on Verilator
-       t/t_BUG.pl --debug # Run on Verilator, passing --debug to Verilator
-       t/t_BUG.pl --vcs  # Run on VCS simulator
-       t/t_BUG.pl --nc|--iv|--ghdl  # Likewise on other simulators
+       t/t_BUG.py  # Run on Verilator
+       t/t_BUG.py --debug # Run on Verilator, passing --debug to Verilator
+       t/t_BUG.py --vcs  # Run on VCS simulator
+       t/t_BUG.py --nc|--iv|--ghdl  # Likewise on other simulators
 
 The test driver accepts a number of options, many of which mirror the main
 Verilator options. For example the previous test could have been run with
 debugging enabled.  The full set of test options can be seen by running
-:command:`driver.pl --help` as shown above.
+:command:`driver.py --help` as shown above.
 
 Finally, report the bug at `Verilator Issues
 <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.  The bug will become publicly visible; if
 this is unacceptable, mail the bug report to ``[email protected]``.
 
+.. _Minimizing bug-inducing code:
+
+Minimizing bug-inducing code
+============================
+
+In some cases, the part of the code that causes the bug is clearly visible
+and the design can be easily manually reduced. In other cases, the bug is
+caused by a complex interaction of many parts of the design, and it is not
+clear which parts are necessary to reproduce the bug. In these cases, an
+Open Source tool called `sv-bugpoint
+<https://github.com/antmicro/sv-bugpoint>_` can be used to automatically
+reduce a SystemVerilog design to the smallest possible reproducer.
+It can be used to automatically reduce a design with hundreds of thousands of
+lines to a minimal test case while preserving the bug-inducing behavior.
+
+Please refer to the `README
+<https://github.com/antmicro/sv-bugpoint/blob/main/README.md>`_ file for more
+information on how to use `sv-bugpoint`.
 
 .. Contributing
 .. ============

docs/guide/contributors.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ************************
@@ -34,130 +34,140 @@ MicroTune Inc., picoChip Designs Ltd., Sun Microsystems Inc., Nauticus
 Networks Inc., SiCortex Inc, Shunyao CAD, and Western Digital Inc.
 
 The contributors of major functionality are: Jeremy Bennett, Krzysztof
-Bieganski, Byron Bradley, Lane Brooks, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Geza Lore,
-Todd Strader, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Stefan Wallentowitz, Paul Wasson, Jie
-Xu, and Wilson Snyder.
+Bieganski, Byron Bradley, Lane Brooks, John Coiner, Duane Galbi, Arkadiusz
+Kozdra, Geza Lore, Todd Strader, Yutetsu Takatsukasa, Stefan Wallentowitz,
+Paul Wasson, Jie Xu, and Wilson Snyder.
 
 Some of the people who have provided ideas, and feedback for Verilator
 include:
 
 David Addison, Tariq B. Ahmad, Nikana Anastasiadis, John David Anglin,
 Frederic Antonin, Hans Van Antwerpen, Vasu Arasanipalai, Jens Arm, Rohan
-Arshid, Gökçe Aydos, Adam Bagley, Sharad Bagri, Robert Balas, Marco
-Balboni, Matthew Ballance, Andrew Bardsley, Ilya Barkov, Matthew Barr,
-Geoff Barrett, Kaleb Barrett, Daniel Bates, Julius Baxter, Michael Berman,
-Jean Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Narayan Bhagavatula, Moinak
-Bhattacharyya, Kritik Bhimani, David Biancolin, David Binderman, Piotr
-Binkowski, Johan Björk, David Black, Tymoteusz Blazejczyk, Scott Bleiweiss,
-David van der Bokke, Daniel Bone, Guy Bonneau, Krzysztof Boroński, Gregg
-Bouchard, Christopher Boumenot, Nick Bowler, Bryan Brady, Maarten De
-Braekeleer, Charlie Brej, J Briquet, John Brownlee, KC Buckenmaier, Jeff
-Bush, Lawrence Butcher, Tony Bybell, Iru Cai, Ted Campbell, Anthony Campos,
-Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Gregory Carver, Donal Casey, Sebastien Van
-Cauwenberghe, Alex Chadwick, Greg Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei
-Chapyzhenka, Chih-Mao Chen, Guokai Chen, Terry Chen, Yi-Chung Chen, Yurii
-Cherkasov, Hennadii Chernyshchyk, Enzo Chi, Robert A. Clark, Ryan Clarke,
-Allan Cochrane, Keith Colbert, Quentin Corradi, Nassim Corteggiani,
+Arshid, Valentin Atepalikhin, Philip Axer, Gökçe Aydos, Chris Bachhuber,
+Filip Badáň, Adam Bagley, Sharad Bagri, James Bailey, Robert Balas, Marco
+Balboni, Matthew Ballance, Ricardo Barbedo, Andrew Bardsley, Ilya Barkov,
+Matthew Barr, Geoff Barrett, Kaleb Barrett, Daniel Bates, Julius Baxter,
+Michael Berman, Jean Berniolles, Victor Besyakov, Narayan Bhagavatula,
+Moinak Bhattacharyya, Kritik Bhimani, David Biancolin, Krzysztof Bieganski,
+Michael Bikovitsky, David Binderman, Piotr Binkowski, Johan Björk, David
+Black, Tymoteusz Blazejczyk, Scott Bleiweiss, David van der Bokke, Daniel
+Bone, Guy Bonneau, Krzysztof Boroński, Gregg Bouchard, Christopher
+Boumenot, Paul Bowen-Huggett, Nick Bowler, Bryan Brady, Maarten De
+Braekeleer, Liam Braun, Charlie Brej, J Briquet, John Brownlee, KC
+Buckenmaier, Gijs Burghoorn, Jeff Bush, Lawrence Butcher, Tony Bybell, Iru
+Cai, Ted Campbell, Anthony Campos, Chris Candler, Lauren Carlson, Gregory
+Carver, Donal Casey, Sebastien Van Cauwenberghe, Alex Chadwick, Greg
+Chadwick, Marcel Chang, Aliaksei Chapyzhenka, Chih-Mao Chen, Guokai Chen,
+Kefa Chen, Terry Chen, Yangyu Chen, Yi-Chung Chen, Yurii Cherkasov,
+Hennadii Chernyshchyk, Enzo Chi, Bartłomiej Chmiel, Robert A. Clark, Ryan
+Clarke, Allan Cochrane, Keith Colbert, Quentin Corradi, Nassim Corteggiani,
 Gianfranco Costamagna, February Cozzocrea, Sean Cross, George Cuan, Michal
 Czyz, Joe DErrico, Jim Dai, Lukasz Dalek, Laurens van Dam, Gunter
-Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Julian Daube, Bernard Deadman, Peter Debacker,
-John Demme, Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip Derrick, Aadi Desai, John
-Dickol, Ruben Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan Djordjevic, Brad Dobbie,
-Paul Donahue, Jonathon Donaldson, Anthony Donlon, Caleb Donovick, Larry
-Doolittle, Leendert van Doorn, Sebastian Dressler, Jonathan Drolet, Maciej
-Dudek, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton, Tomas Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles
-Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler, Ahmed El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne,
-Mats Engstrom, Robert Farrell, Julien Faucher, Olivier Faure, Eugen Fekete,
-Fabrizio Ferrandi, Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn, Andrea
-Foletto, Alex Forencich, Aurelien Francillon, Bob Fredieu, Manuel
-Freiberger, Mostafa Gamal, Vito Gamberini, Mostafa Garnal, Benjamin
-Gartner, Christian Gelinek, Richard E George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb,
-Michael Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Nimrod Gileadi, Shankar Giri, Dan
-Gisselquist, Petr Gladkikh, Sam Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Embedded Go,
-Andrew Goessling, Amir Gonnen, Chitlesh Goorah, Tomasz Gorochowik, Kai
-Gossner, Tarik Graba, Sergi Granell, Al Grant, Nathan Graybeal, Alexander
-Grobman, Qian Gu, Xuan Guo, Prabhat Gupta, Driss Hafdi, Neil Hamilton,
-James Hanlon, Tang Haojin, Øyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, David Harris,
-Junji Hashimoto, Thomas Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Harald Heckmann, Robert
-Henry, Stephen Henry, Sebastian Hesselbarth, David Hewson, Jamey Hicks,
-Joel Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Peter Holmes, Hiroki Honda, Alex Hornung,
+Dannoritzer, Ashutosh Das, Julian Daube, Greg Davill, Bernard Deadman,
+Peter Debacker, Josse Van Delm, John Demme, Mike Denio, John Deroo, Philip
+Derrick, Aadi Desai, John Dickol, Ruben Diez, Danny Ding, Jacko Dirks, Ivan
+Djordjevic, Brad Dobbie, Paul Donahue, Jonathon Donaldson, Anthony Donlon,
+Caleb Donovick, Larry Doolittle, Leendert van Doorn, Sebastian Dressler,
+Jonathan Drolet, Justin Yao Du, Maciej Dudek, Alex Duller, Jeff Dutton,
+Tomas Dzetkulic, Usuario Eda, Charles Eddleston, Chandan Egbert, Joe Eiler,
+Ahmed El-Mahmoudy, Trevor Elbourne, Mats Engstrom, Robert Farrell, Julien
+Faucher, Olivier Faure, Eugene Feinberg, Eugen Fekete, Fabrizio Ferrandi,
+Udi Finkelstein, Brian Flachs, Bill Flynn, Andrea Foletto, Alex Forencich,
+Aurelien Francillon, Bob Fredieu, Manuel Freiberger, Mostafa Gamal, Vito
+Gamberini, Mostafa Garnal, Benjamin Gartner, Christian Gelinek, Richard E
+George, Peter Gerst, Glen Gibb, Michael Gielda, Barbara Gigerl, Nimrod
+Gileadi, Shankar Giri, Dan Gisselquist, Szymon Gizler, Petr Gladkikh, Sam
+Gladstone, Mariusz Glebocki, Embedded Go, Andrew Goessling, Amir Gonnen,
+Chitlesh Goorah, Tomasz Gorochowik, Kai Gossner, Tarik Graba, Sergi
+Granell, Al Grant, Nathan Graybeal, Alexander Grobman, Qian Gu, Xuan Guo,
+Prabhat Gupta, Deniz Güzel, Driss Hafdi, Abdul Hameed, Neil Hamilton, James
+Hanlon, Tang Haojin, Øyvind Harboe, Jannis Harder, David Harris, Junji
+Hashimoto, Thomas Hawkins, Mitch Hayenga, Harald Heckmann, Robert Henry,
+Stephen Henry, Sebastian Hesselbarth, David Hewson, Jamey Hicks, Joel
+Holdsworth, Andrew Holme, Peter Holmes, Hiroki Honda, Alex Hornung,
 Pierre-Henri Horrein, David Horton, Peter Horvath, Jae Hossell, Kuoping
-Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Huanghuang Zhou, Alan Hunter, James
-Hutchinson, Tim Hutt, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Shahid Ikram, Jamie
-Iles, Vighnesh Iyer, Ben Jackson, Daniel Jacques, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon
+Hsu, Shou-Li Hsu, Teng Huang, Steven Hugg, Alan Hunter, James Hutchinson,
+Tim Hutt, Ehab Ibrahim, Edgar E. Iglesias, Shahid Ikram, Jamie Iles, Fuad
+Ismail, Vighnesh Iyer, Ben Jackson, Daniel Jacques, Shareef Jalloq, Marlon
 James, Krzysztof Jankowski, Eyck Jentzsch, HyungKi Jeong, Iztok Jeras,
-Alexandre Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Justin Jones,
-William D. Jones, Larry Darryl Lee Jr., Franck Jullien, James Jung,
-Yoshitomo Kaneda, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, Guy-Armand
-Kamendje, Vasu Kandadi, Kanad Kanhere, Patricio Kaplan, Pieter Kapsenberg,
-Rafal Kapuscik, Ralf Karge, Per Karlsson, Dan Katz, Sol Katzman, Ian
-Kennedy, Ami Keren, Michael Killough, Sun Kim, Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof
-Kindgren, Kevin Kiningham, Cameron Kirk, Dan Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk,
-Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack Koenig, Soon Koh, Nathan Kohagen, Steve
-Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will Korteland, Andrei Kostovski, Wojciech Koszek,
-Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus Krause, David Kravitz, Adam
-Krolnik, Roland Kruse, Mahesh Kumashikar, Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok,
-Charles Eric LaForest, Kevin Laeufer, Ed Lander, Steve Lang, Pierre
-Laroche, Stephane Laurent, Walter Lavino, Christian Leber, David Ledger,
-Alex Lee, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee, Michaël Lefebvre, Dag Lem, Igor Lesik, John
-Li, Kay Li, Zixi Li, Davide Libenzi, Nandor Licker, Eivind Liland, Ícaro
-Lima, Kevin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Charlie Lind, Andrew Ling, Jiuyang Liu, Joey
-Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake Longo, Arthur Low, Jose Loyola, Stefan
-Ludwig, Dan Lussier, Konstantin Lübeck, Fred Ma, Liwei Ma, Duraid Madina,
-Oleh Maksymenko, Affe Mao, Julien Margetts, Chick Markley, Alexis Marquet,
-Mark Marshall, Alfonso Martinez, Unai Martinez-Corral, Adrien Le Masle,
-Yves Mathieu, Vladimir Matveyenko, Patrick Maupin, Stan Mayer, Conor
-McCullough, Jason McMullan, Elliot Mednick, Yuan Mei, Andy Meier,
+Pawel Jewstafjew, Alexandre Joannou, James Johnson, Christophe Joly, Justin
+Jones, William D. Jones, Abe Jordan, Larry Darryl Lee Jr., Franck Jullien,
+James Jung, Mike Kagen, Arthur Kahlich, Kaalia Kahn, Guy-Armand Kamendje,
+Vasu Kandadi, Yoshitomo Kaneda, Kanad Kanhere, Patricio Kaplan, Pieter
+Kapsenberg, Rafal Kapuscik, Ralf Karge, Per Karlsson, Dan Katz, Sol
+Katzman, Ian Kennedy, Ami Keren, Fabian Keßler, Michael Killough, Sun Kim,
+Jonathan Kimmitt, Olof Kindgren, Kevin Kiningham, Cameron Kirk, Dan
+Kirkham, Aleksander Kiryk, Sobhan Klnv, Gernot Koch, Jack Koenig, Soon Koh,
+Nathan Kohagen, Steve Kolecki, Brett Koonce, Will Korteland, Andrei
+Kostovski, Wojciech Koszek, Varun Koyyalagunta, Arkadiusz Kozdra, Markus
+Krause, David Kravitz, Adam Krolnik, Roland Kruse, Mahesh Kumashikar,
+Andreas Kuster, Sergey Kvachonok, Charles Eric LaForest, Kevin Laeufer, Ed
+Lander, Steve Lang, Pierre Laroche, Stephane Laurent, Walter Lavino,
+Christian Leber, David Ledger, Alex Lee, Larry Lee, Yoda Lee, Michaël
+Lefebvre, Dag Lem, Igor Lesik, John Li, Kay Li, Zixi Li, Davide Libenzi,
+Nandor Licker, Eivind Liland, Ícaro Lima, Kevin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Charlie
+Lind, Andrew Ling, Jiuyang Liu, Joey Liu, Paul Liu, Derek Lockhart, Jake
+Longo, Geza Lore, Arthur Low, Jose Loyola, Stefan Ludwig, Dan Lussier,
+Konstantin Lübeck, Fred Ma, Liwei Ma, Duraid Madina, Oleh Maksymenko, Affe
+Mao, Julien Margetts, Chick Markley, Alexis Marquet, Mark Marshall, Alfonso
+Martinez, Unai Martinez-Corral, Adrien Le Masle, Yves Mathieu, Vladimir
+Matveyenko, Patrick Maupin, Stan Mayer, Jordan McConnon, Conor McCullough,
+Jason McMullan, Elliot Mednick, Yuan Mei, Andy Meier, Luiza de Melo,
 Rodrigo A. Melo, Benjamin Menküc, Jake Merdich, David Metz, Wim Michiels,
-Miodrag Milanović, Darryl Miles, Kevin Millis, Andrew Miloradovsky, Wai Sum
-Mong, Peter Monsson, Sean Moore, Stuart Morris, Dennis Muhlestein, John
-Murphy, Matt Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard Myers, Alex Mykyta, Dimitris
-Nalbantis, Peter Nelson, Felix Neumärker, Bob Newgard, Cong Van Nguyen,
-Rachit Nigam, Toru Niina, Paul Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack,
-Mark Nodine, Michael Nolan, Andrew Nolte, Joseph Nwabueze, Kuba Ober,
-Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz, Aleksander Osman, Don Owen, Tim Paine,
-Deepa Palaniappan, James Pallister, Vassilis Papaefstathiou, Sanggyu Park,
-Brad Parker, Risto Pejašinović, Morten Borup Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Wesley
-Piard, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody Piersall, T. Platz, Michael
-Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, David Poole, Michael Popoloski, Roman Popov,
-Aylon Chaim Porat, Oron Port, Rich Porter, Rick Porter, Stefan Post,
-Niranjan Prabhu, Damien Pretet, Harald Pretl, Bill Pringlemeir, Usha
-Priyadharshini, Mark Jackson Pulver, Prateek Puri, Jiacheng Qian, Marshal
-Qiao, Raynard Qiao, Yujia Qiao, Jasen Qin, Frank Qiu, Nandu Raj, Kamil
-Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh Redford,
-Odd Magne Reitan, Frédéric Requin, Dustin Richmond, Samuel Riedel, Alberto
-Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Oleg Rodionov, Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe, Michail
-Rontionov, Arjen Roodselaar, Tobias Rosenkranz, Yernagula Roshit, Ryszard
+Miodrag Milanović, Darryl Miles, Kevin Millis, Andrew Miloradovsky, David
+Moberg, Wai Sum Mong, Peter Monsson, Anthony Moore, Sean Moore, Stuart
+Morris, Dennis Muhlestein, John Murphy, Matt Myers, Nathan Myers, Richard
+Myers, Alex Mykyta, Eric Müller, Dimitris Nalbantis, Peter Nelson, Felix
+Neumärker, Bob Newgard, Cong Van Nguyen, Rachit Nigam, Toru Niina, Paul
+Nitza, Yossi Nivin, Pete Nixon, Lisa Noack, Mark Nodine, Michael Nolan,
+Andrew Nolte, Joseph Nwabueze, Kevin Nygaard, Kuba Ober, Krzysztof
+Obłonczek, Andreas Olofsson, Baltazar Ortiz, Aleksander Osman, Don Owen,
+Tim Paine, Deepa Palaniappan, James Pallister, Vassilis Papaefstathiou,
+Sanggyu Park, Brad Parker, Risto Pejašinović, Seth Pellegrino, Morten Borup
+Petersen, Dan Petrisko, Wesley Piard, Maciej Piechotka, David Pierce, Cody
+Piersall, T. Platz, Michael Platzer, Dominic Plunkett, Nolan Poe, David
+Poole, Michael Popoloski, Roman Popov, Aylon Chaim Porat, Oron Port, Rich
+Porter, Rick Porter, Stefan Post, Niranjan Prabhu, Damien Pretet, Harald
+Pretl, Bill Pringlemeir, Usha Priyadharshini, Mark Jackson Pulver, Prateek
+Puri, Han Qi, Jiacheng Qian, Marshal Qiao, Raynard Qiao, Yujia Qiao, Jasen
+Qin, Frank Qiu, Nandu Raj, Kamil Rakoczy, Danilo Ramos, Drew Ranck, Chris
+Randall, Anton Rapp, Josh Redford, Odd Magne Reitan, Frédéric Requin,
+Dustin Richmond, Samuel Riedel, Alberto Del Rio, Eric Rippey, Narcis Rodas,
+Oleg Rodionov, Ludwig Rogiers, Paul Rolfe, Michail Rontionov, Arjen
+Roodselaar, Arthur Rosa, Tobias Rosenkranz, Yernagula Roshit, Ryszard
 Rozak, Huang Rui, Graham Rushton, Jan Egil Ruud, Denis Rystsov, Pawel
-Sagan, Robert Sammelson, John Sanguinetti, Josep Sans, Luca Sasselli,
-Martin Scharrer, Martin Schmidt, Julie Schwartz, Galen Seitz, Joseph
-Shaker, Mark Shaw, Salman Sheikh, Zhou Shen, Hao Shi, James Shi, Michael
-Shinkarovsky, Rafael Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, S Shuba, Fan Shupei, Ethan
-Sifferman, Anderson Ignacio da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh,
-Sanjay Singh, Frans Skarman, Nate Slager, Steven Slatter, Mladen
-Slijepcevic, Brian Small, Garrett Smith, Gus Smith, Tim Snyder, Maciej
-Sobkowski, Stan Sokorac, Alex Solomatnikov, Flavien Solt, Wei Song, Trefor
-Southwell, Martin Stadler, Art Stamness, David Stanford, John Stevenson,
-Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart, Rob Stoddard, Tood Strader, John Stroebel,
-Ray Strouble, Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Emerson Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan,
-Qingyao Sun, Renga Sundararajan, Kuba Sunderland-Ober, Gustav Svensk,
-Rupert Swarbrick, Jevin Sweval, Shinya T-Y, Thierry Tambe, Jesse Taube,
-Drew Taussig, Jose Tejada, Sören Tempel, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley Terpstra,
-Rui Terra, Stefan Thiede, Justin Thiel, Gary Thomas, Ian Thompson, Kevin
-Thompson, Mike Thyer, Hans Tichelaar, Tudor Timi, Viktor Tomov, Steve Tong,
-Topa Topino, Àlex Torregrosa, Topa Tota, Michael Tresidder, Lenny Truong,
-David Turner, Neil Turton, Hideto Ueno, Mike Urbach, Joel Vandergriendt,
-Srini Vemuri, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, Yuri Victorovich, Ivan Vnučec,
-Bogdan Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Philipp Wagner, Johannes Walter, CY
-Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Shawn Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Greg Waters, Thomas Watts,
-Eugene Weber, John Wehle, Tianrui Wei, David Welch, Thomas J Whatson,
-Martin Whitaker, Marco Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel S. Wilkerson, Daniel
-Wilkerson, Gerald Williams, Trevor Williams, Don Williamson, Jan Van
-Winkel, Jeff Winston, Joshua Wise, Clifford Wolf, Johan Wouters, Paul
-Wright, Tobias Wölfel, Junyi Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Liu Xiaoyi, Mandy Xu,
-Shanshan Xu, Yinan Xu, SU YANG, Felix Yan, Luke Yang, Amir Yazdanbakhsh,
-Chentai (Seven) Yuan, Florian Zaruba, Mat Zeno, Keyi Zhang, Xi Zhang, Yike
-Zhou, Jiamin Zhu.
+Sagan, Robert Sammelson, Adrian Sampson, John Sanguinetti, Josep Sans, Luca
+Sasselli, Martin Scharrer, Martin Schmidt, Jonathan Schröter, Julie
+Schwartz, Galen Seitz, Sam Shahrestani, Joseph Shaker, Mark Shaw, Salman
+Sheikh, Zhou Shen, Hao Shi, James Shi, Michael Shinkarovsky, Rafael
+Shirakawa, Jeffrey Short, S Shuba, Fan Shupei, Ethan Sifferman, Anderson
+Ignacio da Silva, Rodney Sinclair, Ameya Vikram Singh, Sanjay Singh, Frans
+Skarman, Nate Slager, Steven Slatter, Mladen Slijepcevic, Brian Small,
+Garrett Smith, Gus Smith, Tim Snyder, Maciej Sobkowski, Stan Sokorac, Alex
+Solomatnikov, Flavien Solt, Wei Song, Trefor Southwell, Martin Stadler, Art
+Stamness, David Stanford, Krzysztof Starecki, Baruch Sterin, John
+Stevenson, Pete Stevenson, Patrick Stewart, Rob Stoddard, Tood Strader,
+John Stroebel, Ray Strouble, Sven Stucki, Howard Su, Udaya Raj Subedi,
+Emerson Suguimoto, Gene Sullivan, Qingyao Sun, Renga Sundararajan, Kuba
+Sunderland-Ober, Gustav Svensk, Rupert Swarbrick, Jevin Sweval, Paul
+Swirhun, Shinya T-Y, Thierry Tambe, Jesse Taube, Drew Taussig, Christopher
+Taylor, Greg Taylor, Jose Tejada, Sören Tempel, Peter Tengstrand, Wesley
+Terpstra, Rui Terra, Stefan Thiede, Justin Thiel, Gary Thomas, Ian
+Thompson, Kevin Thompson, Mike Thyer, Hans Tichelaar, Tudor Timi, Viktor
+Tomov, Steve Tong, Topa Topino, Àlex Torregrosa, Topa Tota, Michael
+Tresidder, Lenny Truong, David Turner, Neil Turton, Hideto Ueno, Mike
+Urbach, Joel Vandergriendt, Srini Vemuri, Srinivasan Venkataramanan, Yuri
+Victorovich, Ivan Vnučec, Bogdan Vukobratovic, Holger Waechtler, Philipp
+Wagner, Stefan Wallentowitz, Johannes Walter, CY Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Shawn
+Wang, Yilou Wang, Zhanglei Wang, Greg Waters, Thomas Watts, Eugene Weber,
+John Wehle, Tianrui Wei, David Welch, Thomas J Whatson, Martin Whitaker,
+Marco Widmer, Leon Wildman, Daniel S. Wilkerson, Daniel Wilkerson, Gerald
+Williams, Trevor Williams, Don Williamson, Jan Van Winkel, Jeff Winston,
+Joshua Wise, Clifford Wolf, Johan Wouters, Paul Wright, Tobias Wölfel,
+Junyi Xi, Ding Xiaoliang, Liu Xiaoyi, Jinyan Xu, Mandy Xu, Pengcheng Xu,
+Shanshan Xu, Yan Xu, Yinan Xu, SU YANG, Felix Yan, Jiaxun Yang, Luke Yang,
+Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Chentai (Seven) Yuan, Florian Zaruba, Mat Zeno, Keyi
+Zhang, Xi Zhang, Huanghuang Zhou, Yike Zhou, Jiamin Zhu, Ryan Ziegler.
 
 Thanks to them, and all those we've missed mentioning above, and to those
 whom have wished to remain anonymous.

docs/guide/copyright.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *********
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Copyright
 The latest version of Verilator is available from `https://verilator.org
 <https://verilator.org>`_.
 
-Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms
 of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl
 Artistic License Version 2.0.

docs/guide/deprecations.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Deprecations
@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ C++14 compiler support
   Verilated models with --no-timing.
 
   Verilator will require C++20 or newer compilers for both compiling
-  Verilator and compiling all Verilated models no sooner than January 2025.
+  Verilator and compiling all Verilated models no sooner than May 2025.
+  (Likely to be removed shortly after GitHub removes Ubuntu 20.04
+  continuous-integration action runners, which are used to test the older
+  C++ standard).
 
 XML output
   Verilator currently supports XML parser output (enabled with `--xml-only`).
-  Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no sooner than January 2025.
+  Support for `--xml-*` options will be deprecated no sooner than January 2026.

docs/guide/environment.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 Environment

docs/guide/example_binary.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Example Create-Binary Execution:

docs/guide/example_cc.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Example C++ Execution:

docs/guide/example_common_install.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 First you need Verilator installed, see :ref:`Installation`.  In brief, if

docs/guide/example_dist.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Examples in the Distribution:

docs/guide/example_sc.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Example SystemC Execution:
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Now, let's create an example Verilog, and SystemC wrapper file:
 
      cat >sc_main.cpp <<'EOF'
        #include "Vour.h"
+       using namespace sc_core;
        int sc_main(int argc, char** argv) {
            Verilated::commandArgs(argc, argv);
            sc_clock clk{"clk", 10, SC_NS, 0.5, 3, SC_NS, true};

docs/guide/examples.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Examples:

docs/guide/exe_sim.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Simulation Runtime Arguments:
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: +verilator+error+limit+<value>
 
    Set number of non-fatal errors (e.g. assertion failures) before exiting
-   simulation runtime. Also affects number of $stop calls needed before
-   exit. Defaults to 1.
+   simulation runtime. Also affects number of `$stop` calls needed before
+   exit. Does not affect `$fatal`. Defaults to 1.
 
 .. option:: +verilator+help
 

docs/guide/exe_verilator.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 verilator Arguments
@@ -237,7 +237,17 @@ Summary:
 .. option:: --coverage
 
    Enables all forms of coverage, an alias for :vlopt:`--coverage-line`
-   :vlopt:`--coverage-toggle` :vlopt:`--coverage-user`.
+   :vlopt:`--coverage-toggle` :vlopt:`--coverage-expr` :vlopt:`--coverage-user`.
+
+.. option:: --coverage-expr
+
+   Enables expression coverage analysis. See :ref:`Expression Coverage`.
+
+.. option:: --coverage-expr-max <value>
+
+   Rarely needed.  Specifies the maximum number of permutations able to be
+   covered for a given expression.  Defaults to 32.  Increasing may slow
+   coverage simulations and make analyzing the results unwieldy.
 
 .. option:: --coverage-line
 
@@ -480,8 +490,8 @@ Summary:
    out.  Beware of enabling debugging messages, as they will also go to
    standard out. See :vlopt:`--no-std`, which is implied by this.
 
-   See also :vlopt:`--dump-defines`, :vlopt:`-P`, and
-   :vlopt:`--pp-comments` options.
+   See also :vlopt:`--dump-defines`, :vlopt:`-P`, :vlopt:`--pp-comments`
+   and :vlopt:`--preproc-resolve` options.
 
 .. option:: --emit-accessors
 
@@ -589,10 +599,18 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: -fno-expand
 
+.. option:: -fno-func-opt
+
+.. option:: -fno-func-opt-balance-cat
+
+.. option:: -fno-func-opt-split-cat
+
 .. option:: -fno-gate
 
 .. option:: -fno-inline
 
+.. option:: -fno-inline-funcs
+
 .. option:: -fno-life
 
 .. option:: -fno-life-post
@@ -609,6 +627,8 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: -fno-reorder
 
+.. option:: -fno-slice
+
 .. option:: -fno-split
 
 .. option:: -fno-subst
@@ -741,7 +761,10 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: +incdir+<dir>
 
-   See :vlopt:`-y`.
+   See :vlopt:`-y`.  Unlike with :vlopt:`-y`, multiple directories may be
+   specified separated with a `+` symbol; this is for Verilog-XL
+   compatibility and is not recommended usage as this is not supported by
+   some third-party tools.
 
 .. option:: --inline-mult <value>
 
@@ -769,6 +792,38 @@ Summary:
    the number of threads in the current hardware. Otherwise, must be a
    positive integer specifying the maximum number of parallel build jobs.
 
+.. option:: --json-only
+
+   Create JSON output only, do not create any other output.
+
+   The JSON format is intended to be used to leverage Verilator's parser and
+   elaboration to feed to other downstream tools. For details on the format, see
+   the Verilator Internals manual. Be aware that the JSON
+   format is still evolving; there will be some changes in future versions.
+
+   This option disables some more aggressive transformations and dumps only
+   the final state of the AST. For more granular and unaltered dumps, meant
+   mainly for debugging see :vlopt:`--dump-tree-json`.
+
+.. option:: --json-only-meta-output <filename>
+
+   Specifies the filename for the metadata output file (`.tree.meta.json`) of --json-only.
+   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
+.. option:: --json-only-output <filename>
+
+   Specifies the filename for the main output file (`.tree.json`) of --json-only.
+   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
+
+.. option:: --no-json-edit-nums
+
+   Don't dump edit number in .tree.json files.  This may make the file more
+   run-to-run stable for easier comparison.
+
+.. option:: --no-json-ids
+
+   Don't use short identifiers instead of addresses/paths in .tree.json.
+
 .. option:: --l2-name <value>
 
    Instead of using the module name when showing Verilog scope, use the
@@ -958,6 +1013,22 @@ Summary:
    delayed assignments.  This option should only be used when suggested by
    the developers.
 
+.. option:: --output-groups <numfiles>
+
+   Enables concatenating the output .cpp files into the given number of
+   effective output .cpp files.  This is useful if the compiler startup
+   overhead from compiling many small files becomes unacceptable,
+   which can happen in designs making extensive use of SystemVerilog classes,
+   templates or generate blocks.
+
+   Using :vlopt:`--output-groups` can adversely impact caching and stability
+   (as in reproducibility) of compiled code.  Compilation of larger .cpp
+   files also has higher memory requirements.  Too low values might result in
+   swap thrashing with large designs, high values give no benefits.  The
+   value should range from 2 to 20 for small to medium designs.
+
+   Default is zero, which disables this feature.
+
 .. option:: --output-split <statements>
 
    Enables splitting the output .cpp files into multiple outputs.  When a
@@ -1081,6 +1152,20 @@ Summary:
    prepended to the name of the :vlopt:`--top` option, or V prepended to
    the first Verilog filename passed on the command line.
 
+.. option:: --preproc-resolve
+
+   With :vlopt:`-E`, resolve referenced instance modules, to include
+   preprocessed output of submodules.  Used to convert a multi-file design
+   into a single output file.
+
+   See :vlopt:`-E`.
+
+.. option:: --preproc-token-limit <value>
+
+   Rarely needed. Configure the limit of the number of tokens Verilator
+   can process on a single line to prevent infinite loops and other hangs.
+   Defaults to 40000 tokens.
+
 .. option:: --private
 
    Opposite of :vlopt:`--public`.  This is the default; this option exists for
@@ -1182,6 +1267,13 @@ Summary:
    module specifically enabled it with
    :option:`/*verilator&32;inline_module*/`.
 
+
+.. option:: --public-depth <level>
+
+   Enables public as with :vlopt:`--public-flat-rw`, but only to the specified depth of modules.
+   It operates at the module maximum level, so if a module's cells are A.B.X and A.X, the
+   a --public-depth 3 must be used to make module X public, and both A.B.X and A.X will be public.
+
 .. option:: --public-flat-rw
 
    Declares all variables, ports, and wires public as if they had
@@ -1193,11 +1285,12 @@ Summary:
    marking only those signals that need public_flat_rw is typically
    significantly better performing.
 
-.. option:: --public-depth <level>
+.. option:: --public-ignore
 
-   Enables public as with :vlopt:`--public-flat-rw`, but only to the specified depth of modules.
-   It operates at the module maximum level, so if a module's cells are A.B.X and A.X, the
-   a --public-depth 3 must be used to make module X public, and both A.B.X and A.X will be public.
+   Ignore all :code:`/*verilator public* */` metacomments. This is useful
+   for speed-optimizing VPI builds where VPI is not being used.  This only
+   affects metacomments; options such as :vlopt:`--public`,
+   :vlopt:`--public-depth`, etc. work normally.
 
 .. option:: --public-params
 
@@ -1205,6 +1298,7 @@ Summary:
    :code:`/*verilator public_flat_rd*/`
    metacomments.
 
+
 .. option:: -pvalue+<name>=<value>
 
    Overwrites the given parameter(s) of the top-level module. See
@@ -1341,7 +1435,17 @@ Summary:
 
 .. option:: --no-std
 
-   Prevents parsing standard library.
+   Prevents parsing standard input files, alias for
+   :vlopt:`--no-std-package`, :vlopt:`--no-std-waiver`.  This may be extended
+   to prevent reading other standardized files in future versions.
+
+.. option:: --no-std-package
+
+   Prevents parsing standard `std::` package file.
+
+.. option:: --no-std-waiver
+
+   Prevents parsing standard lint waivers (`verilated_std_waiver.vlt`).
 
 .. option:: --no-stop-fail
 
@@ -1621,6 +1725,15 @@ Summary:
 
    Enable the use of VPI and linking against the :file:`verilated_vpi.cpp` files.
 
+.. option:: --waiver-multiline
+
+   When using :vlopt:`--waiver-output \<filename\> <--waiver-output>`,
+   include a match expression that includes the entire multiline error
+   message as a match regular expression, as opposed to the default of only
+   matching the first line of the error message.  This provides a starting
+   point for creating complex waivers, but such generated waivers will
+   likely require editing for brevity before being reused.
+
 .. option:: --waiver-output <filename>
 
    Generate a waiver file that contains all waiver statements to suppress
@@ -1725,18 +1838,19 @@ Summary:
    ``-Wwarn-CASEX`` ``-Wwarn-CASTCONST`` ``-Wwarn-CMPCONST``
    ``-Wwarn-COLONPLUS`` ``-Wwarn-IMPLICIT`` ``-Wwarn-IMPLICITSTATIC``
    ``-Wwarn-LATCH`` ``-Wwarn-MISINDENT`` ``-Wwarn-NEWERSTD``
-   ``-Wwarn-PINMISSING`` ``-Wwarn-REALCVT`` ``-Wwarn-STATICVAR``
-   ``-Wwarn-UNSIGNED`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHTRUNC`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHEXPAND``
-   ``-Wwarn-WIDTHXZEXPAND``.
+   ``-Wwarn-PREPROCZERO`` ``-Wwarn-PINMISSING`` ``-Wwarn-REALCVT``
+   ``-Wwarn-STATICVAR`` ``-Wwarn-UNSIGNED`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHTRUNC``
+   ``-Wwarn-WIDTHEXPAND`` ``-Wwarn-WIDTHXZEXPAND``.
 
 .. option:: -Wwarn-style
 
    Enable all code style-related warning messages.  This is equivalent to
-   ``-Wwarn-ASSIGNDLY`` ``-Wwarn-DECLFILENAME`` ``-Wwarn-DEFPARAM``
-   ``-Wwarn-EOFNEWLINE`` ``-Wwarn-GENUNNAMED`` ``-Wwarn-INCABSPATH``
+   ``-Wwarn-ASSIGNDLY`` ``-Wwarn-BLKSEQ`` ``-Wwarn-DECLFILENAME``
+   ``-Wwarn-DEFPARAM`` ``-Wwarn-EOFNEWLINE`` ``-Wwarn-GENUNNAMED``
+   ``-Wwarn-IMPORTSTAR`` ``-Wwarn-INCABSPATH`` ``-Wwarn-PINCONNECTEMPTY``
    ``-Wwarn-PINNOCONNECT`` ``-Wwarn-SYNCASYNCNET`` ``-Wwarn-UNDRIVEN``
-   ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDGENVAR`` ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDPARAM`` ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDSIGNAL``
-   ``-Wwarn-VARHIDDEN``.
+   ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDGENVAR`` ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDLOOP`` ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDPARAM``
+   ``-Wwarn-UNUSEDSIGNAL`` ``-Wwarn-VARHIDDEN``.
 
 .. option:: --x-assign 0
 
@@ -1835,38 +1949,6 @@ Summary:
       iterations. This may be another indication of problems with the
       modeled design that should be addressed.
 
-.. option:: --json-only
-
-   Create JSON output only, do not create any other output.
-
-   The JSON format is intended to be used to leverage Verilator's parser and
-   elaboration to feed to other downstream tools. For details on the format, see
-   the Verilator Internals manual. Be aware that the JSON
-   format is still evolving; there will be some changes in future versions.
-
-   This option disables some more aggressive transformations and dumps only
-   the final state of the AST. For more granular and unaltered dumps, meant
-   mainly for debugging see :vlopt:`--dump-tree-json`.
-
-.. option:: --json-only-meta-output <filename>
-
-   Specifies the filename for the metadata output file (`.tree.meta.json`) of --json-only.
-   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
-
-.. option:: --json-only-output <filename>
-
-   Specifies the filename for the main output file (`.tree.json`) of --json-only.
-   Using this option automatically sets :vlopt:`--json-only`.
-
-.. option:: --no-json-edit-nums
-
-   Don't dump edit number in .tree.json files.  This may make the file more
-   run-to-run stable for easier comparison.
-
-.. option:: --no-json-ids
-
-   Don't use short identifiers instead of addresses/paths in .tree.json.
-
 .. option:: --xml-only
 
    Create XML output only, do not create any other output.
@@ -1909,8 +1991,12 @@ Configuration Files
 
 In addition to the command line, warnings and other features for the
 :command:`verilator` command may be controlled with configuration files,
-typically named with the .vlt extension (what makes it a configuration file
-is the :option:`\`verilator_config` directive). An example:
+typically named with the `.vlt` extension (what makes it a configuration
+file is the :option:`\`verilator_config` directive).  These files, when
+named `.vlt`, are read before source code files; if this behavior is
+undesired, name the config file with a `.v` suffix.
+
+An example:
 
 .. code-block:: sv
 
@@ -2047,7 +2133,7 @@ The grammar of configuration commands is as follows:
 
 .. option:: lint_off [-rule <message>] [-file "<filename>" [-lines <line> [ - <line>]]]
 
-.. option:: lint_off [-rule <message>] [-file "<filename>"] [-match "<string>"]
+.. option:: lint_off [-rule <message>] [-file "<filename>"] [-contents "<wildcard>"] [-match "<wildcard>"]
 
    Enable/disables the specified lint warning, in the specified filename
    (or wildcard with '\*' or '?', or all files if omitted) and range of
@@ -2056,17 +2142,28 @@ The grammar of configuration commands is as follows:
    With lint_off using "\*" will override any lint_on directives in the
    source, i.e. the warning will still not be printed.
 
-   If the -rule is omitted, all lint warnings (see list in
+   If the :code:`-rule` is omitted, all lint warnings (see list in
    :vlopt:`-Wno-lint`) are enabled/disabled.  This will override all later
    lint warning enables for the specified region.
 
-   If -match is set, the linter warnings are matched against this
-   (wildcard) string and are waived in case they match, provided with the
-   rule and file also match.
+   If :code:`-contents` is provided, the input files must contain the given
+   wildcard (with '\*' or '?'), and are waived in case they match, provided
+   the :code:`-rule`, :code:`-file`, and :code:`-contents` also match.  The
+   wildcard should be designed to match a single line; it is unspecified if
+   the wildcard is allowed to match across multiple lines. The input
+   contents does not include :vlopt:`--std <--no-std>` standard files, nor
+   configuration files (with :code:`verilator_config`). Typical use for
+   this is to match a version number present in the Verilog sources, so
+   that the waiver will only apply to that version of the sources.
 
-   In previous versions -rule was named -msg. The latter is deprecated, but
-   still works with a deprecation info; it may be removed in future
-   versions.
+   If :code:`-match` is provided, the linter warnings are matched against
+   the given wildcard (with '\*' or '?'), and are waived in case they
+   match, provided the :code:`-rule`, :code:`-file`, and :code:`-contents`
+   also match.  The wildcard is compared across the entire multi-line
+   message; see :vlopt:`--waiver-multiline`.
+
+   Before version 4.026, :code:`-rule` was named :code:`-msg`, and
+   :code:`-msg` remained a deprecated alias until Version 5.000.
 
 .. option:: public [-module "<modulename>"] [-task/-function "<taskname>"]  -var "<signame>"
 
@@ -2081,6 +2178,13 @@ The grammar of configuration commands is as follows:
    :option:`/*verilator&32;public_flat*/`, etc., metacomments. See
    also :ref:`VPI Example`.
 
+.. option:: profile_data -hier-dpi "<function_name>" -cost <cost_value>
+
+   Internal profiling data inserted during :vlopt:`--hierarchical`; specifies
+   execution cost of a hierarchical DPI wrappers for modules with
+   :option:`/*verilator&32;hier_block*/` metacomment. See
+   :ref:`Hierarchical Verilation`.
+
 .. option:: profile_data -mtask "<mtask_hash>" -cost <cost_value>
 
    Feeds profile-guided optimization data into the Verilator algorithms in

docs/guide/exe_verilator_coverage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 verilator_coverage
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ verilator_coverage Example Usage
     verilator_coverage --help
     verilator_coverage --version
 
-    verilator_coverage --annotate <obj>
+    verilator_coverage --annotate obj_dir coverage.dat
 
-    verilator_coverage  -write merged.dat <datafiles>...
+    verilator_coverage --write merged.dat coverage.dat ...
 
-    verilator_coverage  -write-info merged.info <datafiles>...
+    verilator_coverage --write-info merged.info coverage.dat ...
 
 
 verilator_coverage Arguments
@@ -58,32 +58,36 @@ to read multiple inputs.  If no data file is specified, by default,
 Specifies the directory name to which source files with annotated coverage
 data should be written.
 
-Converting from the Verilator coverage data format to the info format is
-lossy; the info will have all forms of coverage merged line coverage, and
-if there are multiple coverage points on a single line they will merge.
-The minimum coverage across all merged points will be used to report
-coverage of the line.
+Points are children of each line coverage- branches, expressions or toggle points.
+When point counts are aggregated into a line, the minimum and maximum counts
+are used to determine the status of the line (complete, partial, failing)
+The count is equal to the maximum of the points.
 
 Coverage data is annotated at the beginning of the line and is formatted
 as a special character followed by the number of coverage hits. The special
-characters " ,%,+,-" indicate summary of the coverage, and allow use of grep
+characters " ,%,~,+,-" indicate summary of the coverage, and allow use of grep
 to filter the report.
 
-* " " (whitespace) indicates that all points on the line are above the coverage limit.
-* "%" indicates at least one point on the line was below the coverage limit.
-* "+" coverage point was at or above the limit. Only used with :option:`--annotate-points`.
-* "-" coverage point was below the limit.  Only used with :option:`--annotate-points`.
+* " " (whitespace) indicates that all points on the line are above the coverage min.
+* "%" indicates that all points on the line are below the coverage min.
+* "~" indicates that some points on the line are above the coverage min and some are below.
+* "+" coverage point was at or above the min. Only used with :option:`--annotate-points`.
+* "-" coverage point was below the min.  Only used with :option:`--annotate-points`.
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   100000  input logic a;   // Begins with whitespace, because
-                            // number of hits (100000) is above the limit.
-  +100000  point: comment=a // Begins with +, because
-                            // number of hits (100000) is above the limit.
-  %000000  input logic b;   // Begins with %, because
-                            // number of hits (0) is below the limit.
-  -000000  point: comment=b // Begins with -, because
-                            // number of hits (0) is below the limit.
+   100000  input logic a;      // Begins with whitespace, because
+                               // number of hits (100000) is above the min.
+  +100000  point: comment=a    // Begins with +, because
+                               // number of hits (100000) is above the min.
+  %000000  input logic b;      // Begins with %, because
+                               // number of hits (0) is below the min.
+  -000000  point: comment=b    // Begins with -, because
+                               // number of hits (0) is below the min.
+  ~000010  if (cyc!=0) begin   // Begins with ~, because
+                               // branches are below and above the min.
+  +000010  point: comment=if   // The if branch is above the min.
+  -000000  point: comment=else // The else branch is below the min.
 
 .. option:: --annotate-all
 
@@ -154,10 +158,7 @@ generated from random test runs) into one master coverage file.
 Specifies the aggregate coverage results, summed across all the files,
 should be written to the given filename in :command:`lcov` .info format.
 This may be used to feed into :command:`lcov` to aggregate or generate
-reports.
-
-Converting from the Verilator coverage data format to the info format is
-lossy; the info will have all forms of coverage merged line coverage, and
-if there are multiple coverage points on a single line they will merge.
-The minimum coverage across all merged points will be used to report
-coverage of the line.
+reports. This format lacks the comments for cover points that the
+verilator_coverage format has. It can be used with :command:`genhtml`
+to generate an HTML report. :command:`genhtml --branch-coverage` will
+also display the branch coverage, analogous to :option:`--annotate-points`

docs/guide/exe_verilator_gantt.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 verilator_gantt
@@ -62,6 +62,17 @@ predicted_thread#_mtask
   executing.
 
 
+verilator_gantt Example Usage
+-----------------------------
+
+..
+
+    verilator_gantt --help
+    verilator_gantt --version
+
+    verilator_gantt profile_exec.dat
+
+
 verilator_gantt Arguments
 -------------------------
 

docs/guide/exe_verilator_profcfunc.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 verilator_profcfunc
@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@ reported as a rounding error.
 
 For an overview of the use of verilator_profcfunc, see :ref:`Profiling`.
 
+verilator_profcfunc Example Usage
+---------------------------------
+
+..
+
+    verilator_profcfunc --help
+    verilator_profcfunc --version
+
+    verilator_profcfunc gprof.out
+
+
 verilator_profcfunc Arguments
 -----------------------------
 

docs/guide/executables.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *********************************

docs/guide/extensions.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *******************

docs/guide/faq.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ******************************

docs/guide/files.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *****

docs/guide/index.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ######################

docs/guide/install-cmake.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _CMakeInstallation:

docs/guide/install.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Installation:
@@ -19,13 +19,33 @@ started. (Note packages are unlikely to have the most recent version, so
 :ref:`Git Install` might be a better alternative.) To install as a
 package:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    apt-get install verilator   # On Ubuntu
 
 For other distributions, refer to `Repology Verilator Distro Packages
 <https://repology.org/project/verilator>`__.
 
+.. _pre-commit Quick Install:
+
+pre-commit Quick Install
+=============================
+
+You can use Verilator's `pre-commit <https://pre-commit.com/>`__ hook to
+lint your code before committing it.  It encapsulates the :ref:`Verilator
+Build Docker Container`, so you need docker on your system to use it.  The
+verilator image will be downloaded automatically.
+
+To use the hook, add the following entry to your :code:`.pre-commit-config.yaml`:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   repos:
+     - repo: https://github.com/verilator/verilator
+       rev: v5.026  # or later
+       hooks:
+         - id: verilator
+
 .. _Git Install:
 
 Git Quick Install
@@ -36,7 +56,7 @@ options and details, see :ref:`Detailed Build Instructions` below.
 
 In brief, to install from git:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    # Prerequisites:
    #sudo apt-get install git help2man perl python3 make autoconf g++ flex bison ccache
@@ -89,7 +109,7 @@ Install Prerequisites
 
 To build or run Verilator, you need these standard packages:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    sudo apt-get install git help2man perl python3 make
    sudo apt-get install g++  # Alternatively, clang
@@ -101,7 +121,7 @@ To build or run Verilator, you need these standard packages:
 To build or run Verilator, the following are optional but should be installed
 for good performance:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    sudo apt-get install ccache  # If present at build, needed for run
    sudo apt-get install mold  # If present at build, needed for run
@@ -110,27 +130,26 @@ for good performance:
 The following is optional but is recommended for nicely rendered command line
 help when running Verilator:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    sudo apt-get install perl-doc
 
 To build Verilator you will need to install these packages; these do not
 need to be present to run Verilator:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    sudo apt-get install git autoconf flex bison
 
 Those developing Verilator itself may also want these (see internals.rst):
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    sudo apt-get install clang clang-format-14 cmake gdb gprof graphviz lcov
    sudo apt-get install python3-clang yapf3 bear jq
    sudo pip3 install sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme sphinxcontrib-spelling breathe ruff
    sudo pip3 install git+https://github.com/antmicro/astsee.git
    cpan install Pod::Perldoc
-   cpan install Parallel::Forker
 
 
 Install SystemC
@@ -171,14 +190,14 @@ Obtain Sources
 Get the sources from the git repository: (You need to do this only once,
 ever.)
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    git clone https://github.com/verilator/verilator   # Only first time
    ## Note the URL above is not a page you can see with a browser; it's for git only
 
 Enter the checkout and determine what version/branch to use:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    cd verilator
    git pull        # Make sure we're up-to-date
@@ -193,7 +212,7 @@ Auto Configure
 
 Create the configuration script:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    autoconf        # Create ./configure script
 
@@ -219,7 +238,7 @@ directory (don't run ``make install``). This allows the easiest
 experimentation and upgrading, and allows many versions of Verilator to
 co-exist on a system.
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    export VERILATOR_ROOT=`pwd`   # if your shell is bash
    setenv VERILATOR_ROOT `pwd`   # if your shell is csh
@@ -241,7 +260,7 @@ that may support multiple versions of every tool. Tell configure the
 eventual destination directory name.  We recommend that the destination
 location include the Verilator version name:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    unset VERILATOR_ROOT      # if your shell is bash
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT   # if your shell is csh
@@ -253,7 +272,7 @@ the ``bin`` directory to your ``PATH``. Or, if you use `modulecmd
 <http://modules.sourceforge.net/>`__, you'll want a module file like the
 following:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    set install_root /CAD_DISK/verilator/{version-number-used-above}
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT
@@ -268,7 +287,7 @@ following:
 The final option is to eventually install Verilator globally, using
 configure's default system paths:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    unset VERILATOR_ROOT      # if your shell is bash
    unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT   # if your shell is csh
@@ -285,7 +304,7 @@ The command to configure the package was described in the previous step.
 Developers should configure to have more complete developer tests.
 Additional packages may be required for these tests.
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    export VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE=1    # Put in your .bashrc
    ./configure --enable-longtests  ...above options...
@@ -296,7 +315,7 @@ Compile
 
 Compile Verilator:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    make -j `nproc`  # Or if error on `nproc`, the number of CPUs in system
 
@@ -306,7 +325,7 @@ Test
 
 Check the compilation by running self-tests:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    make test
 
@@ -318,7 +337,7 @@ If you used any install option other than the `1. Run-in-Place from
 VERILATOR_ROOT <#_1_run_in_place_from_verilator_root>`__ scheme, install
 the files:
 
-::
+.. code-block:: shell
 
    make install
 

docs/guide/languages.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ***************

docs/guide/overview.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 ********

docs/guide/simulating.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 .. _Simulating:
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ Simulation Summary Report
 =========================
 
 When simulation finishes, it will print a report to stdout summarizing the
-simulation. This requires the model being Verilated with :vlopt:`--main`.
+simulation. This requires the model being Verilated with :vlopt:`--main`,
+or the user's `main()` calling `VerilatedContext->statsPrintSummary()`.
+
 The report may be disabled with :vlopt:`+verilator+quiet`.
 
 For example:
@@ -222,14 +224,6 @@ at branches).  At each such branch, a counter is incremented.  At the end
 of a test, the counters, filename, and line number corresponding to each
 counter are written into the coverage file.
 
-Verilator automatically disables coverage of branches with a $stop in
-them, as it is assumed that $stop branches contain an error check that should
-not occur.  A :option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_block_off*/` metacomment
-will perform a similar function on any code in that block or below, or
-:option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_off*/` and
-:option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_on*/` will disable and enable coverage
-respectively around a block of code.
-
 Verilator may over-count combinatorial (non-clocked) blocks when those
 blocks receive signals which have had the :option:`UNOPTFLAT` warning
 disabled; for the most accurate results, do not disable this warning when
@@ -276,6 +270,58 @@ A :option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_off*/`
 signals that do not need toggle analysis, such as RAMs and register files.
 
 
+.. _Expression Coverage:
+
+Expression Coverage
+-------------------
+
+With :vlopt:`--coverage` or :vlopt:`--coverage-expr`, Verilator will
+automatically add coverage analysis at each expression, indicating with a
+truth table how every Boolean truth-table possibility in the expression
+occurred.
+
+Multi-bit expressions are ignored, but sub-expressions with are entirely
+Boolean are analyzed.  Expression coverage does not fully explore the truth
+table of an expression, rather is looks at each term's contribution.  E.g.
+an AND operation will check coverage for TT, XF and FX.
+
+Some expressions may produce too many cover points.  Verilator limits the
+maximum number of cover points per expression to 32, but this may be
+controlled with :vlopt:`--coverage-expr-max`.
+
+Below is an example showing expression coverage produced from `verilator_coverage`
+as applied to the condition expression inside an if statement.  Each line
+shows the minimum number of terms and their values (e.g. `(t1==0 && t2==1)`) needed
+to reach a result for the overall expression (e.g. `=> 1`).  Each line also
+shows the number of times this combination was hit.  Note that individual lines
+are not mutually exclusive.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   %000004         if ((~t1 && t2) || (~t3 && t4)) $write("");
+   -000002  point: comment=(t1==0 && t2==1) => 1 hier=top.t
+   -000002  point: comment=(t1==1 && t3==1) => 0 hier=top.t
+   -000004  point: comment=(t1==1 && t4==0) => 0 hier=top.t
+   -000002  point: comment=(t2==0 && t3==1) => 0 hier=top.t
+   -000003  point: comment=(t2==0 && t4==0) => 0 hier=top.t
+   -000002  point: comment=(t3==0 && t4==1) => 1 hier=top.t
+
+.. _Suppressing Coverage:
+
+Suppressing Coverage
+--------------------
+
+Using :option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_off*/` and
+:option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_on*/` around a block of code will disable
+and enable coverage respectively around that block. Or, use the
+:option:`coverage_block_off` configuration file option.
+
+Verilator automatically disables coverage of lines and branches with a
+$stop in them, as it is assumed that $stop branches contain an error check
+that should not occur.  A :option:`/*verilator&32;coverage_block_off*/`
+metacomment will perform a similar function on any code in that block or
+below.
+
 .. _Coverage Collection:
 
 Coverage Collection

docs/guide/verilating.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 **********

docs/guide/warnings.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder.
+.. Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder.
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
 
 *******************
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Warnings may be disabled in multiple ways:
 
    .. code-block:: sv
 
-         lint_off -rule UNSIGNED -file "*/example.v" -line 1
+         lint_off -rule UNSIGNED -file "*/example.v" -lines 1
 
 
 Error And Warning Format
@@ -445,6 +445,18 @@ List Of Warnings
    correctly.
 
 
+.. option:: COVERIGN
+
+   Warns that Verilator does not support certain forms of
+   :code:`covergroup`, :code:`coverpoint`, and coverage options, and the
+   construct was are ignored.
+
+   Disabling the :option:`UNSUPPORTED` error also disables this warning.
+
+   Ignoring this warning may make Verilator ignore lint checking on the
+   construct, and collect coverage data differently from other simulators.
+
+
 .. option:: DECLFILENAME
 
    .. TODO better example
@@ -1692,6 +1704,9 @@ List Of Warnings
    Warning that a symbol matches a C++ reserved word, and using this as a
    symbol name would result in odd C++ compiler errors.  You may disable
    this warning, but Verilator will rename the symbol to avoid conflict.
+   If you are using `--vpi` and only mark things as public for VPI access
+   (and not C++ access) then it is advisable to disable this warning with
+   :code:`-Wno-SYMRSVDWORD`.
 
 
 .. option:: SYNCASYNCNET
@@ -2006,12 +2021,12 @@ List Of Warnings
 
    .. code-block:: sv
 
-         wire _unused_ok = &{1'b0,
+         wire _unused_ok = 1'b0 && &{1'b0,
                              sig_not_used_a,
                              sig_not_used_yet_b,  // To be fixed
                              1'b0};
 
-   The reduction AND and constant zeros mean the net will always be zero,
+   The AND with constant zero mean the net will always be zero,
    so won't use simulation runtime.  The redundant leading and trailing
    zeros avoid syntax errors if there are no signals between them.  The
    magic name "unused" (controlled by the :vlopt:`--unused-regexp` option)

docs/internals.rst

@@ -1472,9 +1472,6 @@ For all tests to pass, you must install the following packages:
 
 -  SystemC to compile the SystemC outputs, see http://systemc.org
 
--  Parallel::Forker from CPAN to run tests in parallel; you can install
-   this with e.g. "sudo cpan install Parallel::Forker".
-
 -  vcddiff to find differences in VCD outputs. See the readme at
    https://github.com/veripool/vcddiff
 
@@ -1484,7 +1481,7 @@ For all tests to pass, you must install the following packages:
 Controlling the Test Driver
 ---------------------------
 
-The test driver script `driver.pl` runs tests; see the `Test Driver`
+The test driver script `driver.py` runs tests; see the `Test Driver`
 section.  The individual test drivers are written in Perl; see `Test
 Language`.
 
@@ -1497,7 +1494,7 @@ A specific regression test can be executed manually. To start the
 
 ::
 
-   test_regress/t/t_EXAMPLE.pl
+   test_regress/t/t_EXAMPLE.py
 
 
 Regression Testing for Developers
@@ -1517,13 +1514,6 @@ Developers will also want to call ./configure with two extra flags:
    disabled by default, as SystemC installation problems would otherwise
    falsely indicate a Verilator problem.
 
-When enabling the long tests, some additional Perl modules are needed,
-which you can install using cpan.
-
-::
-
-   cpan install Parallel::Forker
-
 There are some traps to avoid when running regression tests
 
 - When checking the MANIFEST, the test will fail on unexpected code in the
@@ -1666,7 +1656,7 @@ field in the section below.
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``1:2:``      | The hierarchy of the ``VAR`` is the ``op2p``           |
 |               | pointer under the ``MODULE``, which in turn is the     |
-|               | ``op1p`` pointer under the ``NETLIST``                 |
+|               | ``op1p`` pointer under the ``NETLIST``.                |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``VAR``       | The AstNodeType (e.g. ``AstVar``).                     |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -1680,7 +1670,7 @@ field in the section below.
 |               | and "aa" the 27th. Then line 22 in that file, then     |
 |               | column 8 (aa=0, az=25, ba=26, ...).                    |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``@dt=0x...`` | The address of the data type this node contains.       |
+| ``@dt=0x...`` | The address of the data type this node references.     |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``w32``       | The data-type width() is 32 bits.                      |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -1688,7 +1678,7 @@ field in the section below.
 |               | variable.                                              |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``[O]``       | Flags which vary with the type of node, in this        |
-|               | case, it means the variable is an output.              |
+|               | case of a VAR, it means the variable is an output.     |
 +---------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
 
 In more detail, the following fields are dumped common to all nodes. They
@@ -1871,7 +1861,7 @@ represent the pointers (``op1p``, ``op2p``, etc) between the nodes.
 Debugging with GDB
 ------------------
 
-The `driver.pl` script accepts ``--debug --gdb`` to start
+The `driver.py` script accepts ``--debug --gdb`` to start
 Verilator under gdb and break when an error is hit, or the program is about
 to exit. You can also use ``--debug --gdbbt`` to just backtrace and then
 exit gdb. To debug the Verilated executable, use ``--gdbsim``.
@@ -1882,7 +1872,7 @@ can use ``--debug`` and look at the underlying invocation of
 
 ::
 
-   t/t_alw_dly.pl --debug
+   t/t_alw_dly.py --debug
 
 shows it invokes the command:
 
@@ -1979,7 +1969,7 @@ Generally, what would you do to add a new feature?
    Follow the convention described above about the AstNode type hierarchy.
    Ordering of definitions is enforced by ``astgen``.
 
-5. Now you can run ``test_regress/t/t_<newtestcase>.pl --debug`` and it'll
+5. Now you can run ``test_regress/t/t_<newtestcase>.py --debug`` and it'll
    probably fail, but you'll see a
    ``test_regress/obj_dir/t_<newtestcase>/*.tree`` file which you can examine
    to see if the parsing worked. See also the sections above on debugging.
@@ -2028,7 +2018,7 @@ IEEE 1800-2023 33 Config
 Test Driver
 ===========
 
-This section documents the test driver script, `driver.pl`.  driver.pl
+This section documents the test driver script, `driver.py`.  driver.py
 invokes Verilator or another simulator on each test file.  For test file
 contents description see `Test Language`.
 
@@ -2040,7 +2030,7 @@ the regression tests with OBJCACHE enabled and in parallel on a machine
 with many cores.  See the -j option and OBJCACHE environment variable.
 
 
-driver.pl Non-Scenario Arguments
+driver.py Non-Scenario Arguments
 --------------------------------
 
 --benchmark [<cycles>]
@@ -2110,13 +2100,13 @@ driver.pl Non-Scenario Arguments
   memory leaks.
 
 --site
-  Run site specific tests also.
+  Run site-specific tests also.
 
 --stop
   Stop on the first error.
 
 --trace
-  Set the simulator specific flags to request waveform tracing.
+  Set the simulator-specific flags to request waveform tracing.
 
 --valgrind
   Same as ``verilator --valgrind``: Run Verilator under `Valgrind <https://valgrind.org/>`_.
@@ -2129,7 +2119,7 @@ driver.pl Non-Scenario Arguments
   For tests using the standard C++ wrapper, enable runtime debug mode.
 
 
-driver.pl Scenario Arguments
+driver.py Scenario Arguments
 ----------------------------
 
 The following options control which simulator is used, and which tests are
@@ -2171,7 +2161,7 @@ simultaneously.
   Run Xilinx XSim simulator tests.
 
 
-driver.pl Environment
+driver.py Environment
 ---------------------
 
 HARNESS_UPDATE_GOLDEN
@@ -2231,30 +2221,30 @@ VERILATOR_XVLOG
 Test Language
 =============
 
-This section describes the format of the ``test_regress/t/*.pl`` test
-language files, executed by `driver.pl`.
+This section describes the format of the ``test_regress/t/*.py`` test
+language files, executed by `driver.py`.
 
 Test Language Summary
 ---------------------
 
 For convenience, a summary of the most commonly used features is provided
 here, with a reference in a later section. All test files typically have a
-call to the ``lint`` or ``compile`` subroutine to compile the test. For
-run-time tests, this is followed by a call to the ``execute``
-subroutine. Both of these functions can optionally be provided with
-arguments specifying additional options.
+call to the ``test.lint`` or ``test.compile`` methods to compile the
+test. For run-time tests, this is followed by a call to the
+``test.execute`` method. Both of these functions can optionally be provided
+with arguments specifying additional options.
 
-If those complete, the script calls ``ok`` to increment the count of
-successful tests and then returns 1 as its result.
+If those complete, the script calls ``test.passes`` to increment the count
+of successful tests.
 
-The driver.pl script assumes by default that the source Verilog file name
+The driver.py script assumes by default that the source Verilog file name
 matches the test script name. So a test whose driver is
-``t/t_mytest.pl`` will expect a Verilog source file ``t/t_mytest.v``.
+``t/t_mytest.py`` will expect a Verilog source file ``t/t_mytest.v``.
 This can be changed using the ``top_filename`` subroutine, for example
 
 ::
 
-   top_filename("t/t_myothertest.v");
+   test.top_filename = "t/t_myothertest.v"
 
 By default, all tests will run with major simulators (Icarus Verilog, NC,
 VCS, ModelSim, etc.) as well as Verilator, to allow results to be
@@ -2263,26 +2253,25 @@ can use the following:
 
 ::
 
-   scenarios(vlt => 1);
+   test.scenarios('vlt')
 
-Of the many options that can be set through arguments to ``compiler`` and
-``execute``, the following are particularly useful:
+Of the many options that can be set through arguments to ``test.compiler``
+and ``test.execute``, the following are particularly useful:
 
 ``verilator_flags2``
   A list of flags to be passed to verilator when compiling.
 
 ``fails``
-  Set to 1 to indicate that the compilation or execution is intended to fail.
+  Set true to indicate that the compilation or execution is intended to fail.
 
 For example, the following would specify that compilation requires two
 defines and is expected to fail.
 
 ::
 
-   compile(
+   test.compile(
       verilator_flags2 => ["-DSMALL_CLOCK -DGATED_COMMENT"],
-      fails => 1,
-      );
+      fails = True)
 
 Hints On Writing Tests
 ----------------------
@@ -2295,10 +2284,10 @@ same name as the test, but with .cpp as suffix
 
 ::
 
-   compile(
-      make_top_shell   => 0,
-      make_main        => 0,
-      verilator_flags2 => ["--exe $Self->{t_dir}/$Self->{name}.cpp"], );
+   test.compile(
+      make_top_shell=False,
+      make_main=False,
+      verilator_flags2=["--exe", test.t_dir + "/" + test.name + ".cpp"])
 
 Tests should be self-checking, rather than producing lots of output. If a
 test succeeds it should print ``*-* All Finished *-*`` to standard output
@@ -2338,9 +2327,8 @@ compile time, it is the only option. For example:
 ::
 
    compile(
-      fails => 1,
-      expect_filename => $Self->{golden_filename},
-      );
+      fails=True,
+      expect_filename=test.golden_filename)
 
 Note ``expect_filename`` strips some debugging information from the logfile
 when comparing.
@@ -2349,9 +2337,9 @@ when comparing.
 Test Language Compile/Lint/Run Arguments
 ----------------------------------------
 
-This section describes common arguments to ``compile()``, ``lint()``, and
-``run()``.  The full list of arguments can be found by looking at the
-``driver.pl`` source code.
+This section describes common arguments to ``test.compile``, ``test.lint``,
+and ``test.run``.  The full list of arguments can be found by looking at
+the ``driver.py`` source code.
 
 all_run_flags
   A list of flags to be passed when running the simulator (Verilated model
@@ -2362,11 +2350,6 @@ check_finished
   string ``*-* All Finished *-*`` being printed on standard output. This is
   the normal way for successful tests to finish.
 
-expect
-  A quoted list of strings or regular expression to be matched in the
-  output. See `Hints On Writing Tests` for more detail on how this argument
-  should be used.
-
 fails
   True to indicate this step is expected to fail.  Tests that are expected
   to fail generally have _bad in their filename.
@@ -2428,7 +2411,7 @@ xsim_flags / xsim_flags2 / xsim_run_flags
 Distribution
 ============
 
-Copyright 2008-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
+Copyright 2008-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 

docs/spelling.txt

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Ashutosh
 Ast
 Atmel
 Aurelien
+Badáň
 Bagri
 Balboni
 Baltazar
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ Deepa
 Defparams
 Delm
 Denio
+Deniz
 Deprecations
 Deroo
 Desai
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ Eiler
 Eivind
 El
 Elbourne
+Elzeftawi
 Embecosm
 Engstrom
 Enzo
@@ -109,8 +112,10 @@ Eugen
 Fabrizio
 Faucher
 Faure
+Feinberg
 Fekete
 Ferrandi
+Filip
 Flachs
 Flavien
 Florian
@@ -149,6 +154,7 @@ Grulfen
 Gu
 Gunter
 Guo
+Güzel
 Hameed
 Hao
 Haojin
@@ -243,6 +249,7 @@ Liwei
 Lockhart
 Longo
 Luca
+Luiza
 Lussier
 Lübeck
 MMD
@@ -273,6 +280,8 @@ MinW
 Mindspeed
 MingW
 Miodrag
+Moberg
+Mobert
 ModelSim
 Modport
 Moinak
@@ -286,6 +295,7 @@ NaN
 Nalbantis
 Nandor
 Narayan
+Narcis
 Nassim
 Nauticus
 Newgard
@@ -335,6 +345,7 @@ Redhat
 Reitan
 Renga
 Requin
+Rodas
 Rodionov
 Rohan
 Rolfe
@@ -352,8 +363,10 @@ Sanguinetti
 Sanjay
 Sasselli
 Scharrer
+Schless
 Seitz
 Shahid
+Shahrestani
 Shankar
 Shanshan
 Sharad
@@ -364,6 +377,7 @@ Shi
 Shinkarovsky
 Shinya
 Shirakawa
+Shou
 Shuba
 Shunyao
 Slager
@@ -375,6 +389,7 @@ Solaris
 Solomatnikov
 Solt
 Southwell
+Spack
 Srini
 Srinivasan
 Stamness
@@ -516,6 +531,7 @@ basename
 bbox
 benchmarking
 biguint
+bindir
 biops
 bisonpre
 bitOpTree
@@ -585,6 +601,7 @@ datadir
 datafiles
 david
 ddd
+de
 deassign
 debugi
 defenv
@@ -680,6 +697,7 @@ fno
 fopen
 forceable
 foreach
+fourstate
 fprintf
 fprofile
 fread
@@ -865,6 +883,7 @@ phelter
 picoChip
 pinIndex
 pinout
+pkgdatadir
 plusargs
 pmos
 poping
@@ -884,6 +903,7 @@ predefines
 prepareClone
 prepend
 prepended
+preproc
 preprocess
 preprocessed
 preprocessing
@@ -929,6 +949,7 @@ redeclaring
 regs
 reloop
 replaceShiftOp
+reproducibility
 resetall
 respecified
 rodata
@@ -1018,6 +1039,8 @@ traceEverOn
 tran
 treei
 tri
+triand
+trior
 tristate
 tristates
 trunc
@@ -1093,6 +1116,7 @@ warmup
 waveforms
 whitespace
 widthed
+wor
 wreal
 writeb
 writeme
@@ -1112,4 +1136,3 @@ zdave
 Øyvind
 Алексеевич
 Исаак
-

docs/xml.rst

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The XML document consists of 4 sections within the top level
 Distribution
 ============
 
-Copyright 2020-2024 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
+Copyright 2020-2025 by Wilson Snyder. Verilator is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License Version 2.0.
 

examples/cmake_hello_c/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
 project(cmake_hello_c)
 
 find_package(verilator HINTS $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} ${VERILATOR_ROOT})
-if (NOT verilator_FOUND)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable")
+if(NOT verilator_FOUND)
+    message(
+        FATAL_ERROR
+        "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable"
+    )
 endif()
 
 # Create a new executable target that will contain all your sources
@@ -35,4 +38,5 @@ target_compile_features(example PUBLIC cxx_std_14)
 # Add the Verilated circuit to the target
 verilate(example
   INCLUDE_DIRS "../make_hello_c"
-  SOURCES ../make_hello_c/top.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_hello_c/top.v
+)

examples/cmake_hello_sc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
 project(cmake_hello_sc CXX)
 
 find_package(verilator HINTS $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} ${VERILATOR_ROOT})
-if (NOT verilator_FOUND)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable")
+if(NOT verilator_FOUND)
+    message(
+        FATAL_ERROR
+        "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable"
+    )
 endif()
 
 # SystemC dependencies
@@ -39,14 +42,12 @@ find_package(SystemCLanguage QUIET)
 add_executable(example ../make_hello_sc/sc_main.cpp)
 target_compile_features(example PUBLIC cxx_std_14)
 
-set_property(
-  TARGET example
-  PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD ${SystemC_CXX_STANDARD}
-  )
+set_property(TARGET example PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD ${SystemC_CXX_STANDARD})
 
 # Add the Verilated circuit to the target
 verilate(example SYSTEMC
   INCLUDE_DIRS "../make_hello_sc"
-  SOURCES ../make_hello_sc/top.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_hello_sc/top.v
+)
 
 verilator_link_systemc(example)

examples/cmake_protect_lib/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
 project(cmake_protect_lib)
 
 find_package(verilator HINTS $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} ${VERILATOR_ROOT})
-if (NOT verilator_FOUND)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable")
+if(NOT verilator_FOUND)
+    message(
+        FATAL_ERROR
+        "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable"
+    )
 endif()
 
 # Create the main executable target
@@ -55,9 +58,11 @@ verilate(verilated_secret
   VERILATOR_ARGS --protect-lib verilated_secret
                  --protect-key ${PROTECT_KEY}
   DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilated_secret
-  SOURCES ../make_protect_lib/secret_impl.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_protect_lib/secret_impl.v
+)
 
 # Include location of verilated_secret.sv wrapper
 verilate(example
   VERILATOR_ARGS "-I${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/verilated_secret"
-  SOURCES ../make_protect_lib/top.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_protect_lib/top.v
+)

examples/cmake_tracing_c/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
 project(cmake_tracing_c)
 
 find_package(verilator HINTS $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} ${VERILATOR_ROOT})
-if (NOT verilator_FOUND)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable")
+if(NOT verilator_FOUND)
+    message(
+        FATAL_ERROR
+        "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable"
+    )
 endif()
 
 # Create a new executable target that will contain all your sources
@@ -36,4 +39,5 @@ target_compile_features(example PUBLIC cxx_std_14)
 verilate(example COVERAGE TRACE
   INCLUDE_DIRS "../make_tracing_c"
   VERILATOR_ARGS -f ../make_tracing_c/input.vc -x-assign fast
-  SOURCES ../make_tracing_c/top.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_tracing_c/top.v
+)

examples/cmake_tracing_sc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
 project(cmake_tracing_sc_example CXX)
 
 find_package(verilator HINTS $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT} ${VERILATOR_ROOT})
-if (NOT verilator_FOUND)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable")
+if(NOT verilator_FOUND)
+    message(
+        FATAL_ERROR
+        "Verilator was not found. Either install it, or set the VERILATOR_ROOT environment variable"
+    )
 endif()
 
 # SystemC dependencies
@@ -40,15 +43,13 @@ find_package(SystemCLanguage QUIET)
 add_executable(example ../make_tracing_sc/sc_main.cpp)
 target_compile_features(example PUBLIC cxx_std_14)
 
-set_property(
-  TARGET example
-  PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD ${SystemC_CXX_STANDARD}
-  )
+set_property(TARGET example PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD ${SystemC_CXX_STANDARD})
 
 # Add the Verilated circuit to the target
 verilate(example SYSTEMC COVERAGE TRACE
   INCLUDE_DIRS "../make_tracing_sc"
   VERILATOR_ARGS -f ../make_tracing_sc/input.vc -x-assign fast
-  SOURCES ../make_tracing_sc/top.v)
+  SOURCES ../make_tracing_sc/top.v
+)
 
 verilator_link_systemc(example)

examples/json_py/sub.v

@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ module sub
     );
 
    // Some simple logic
-   always_comb out = ~ in;
+   always_comb out = ~in;
 
 endmodule

examples/json_py/vl_file_copy

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ class VlFileCopy:
 
         self.debug = debug
 
-        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile(
-        ) as meta_temp:
+        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile() as meta_temp:
             vargs = [
                 '--json-only-output',
                 tree_temp.name,
@@ -61,8 +60,7 @@ class VlFileCopy:
             print("\t%s " % command)
         status = subprocess.call(command, shell=True)
         if status != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError("Command failed running Verilator with '" +
-                               command + "', stopped")
+            raise RuntimeError("Command failed running Verilator with '" + command + "', stopped")
 
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -71,8 +69,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         allow_abbrev=False,
         formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
-        description=
-        """Example of using Verilator JSON output to copy a list of files to an
+        description="""Example of using Verilator JSON output to copy a list of files to an
 output directory (-odir, defaults to 'copied'), e.g. to easily create a
 tarball of the design to pass to others.
 
@@ -95,11 +92,7 @@ This file ONLY is placed under the Creative Commons Public Domain, for
 any use, without warranty, 2019 by Wilson Snyder.
 SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
 """)
-    parser.add_argument('-debug',
-                        '--debug',
-                        action='store_const',
-                        const=9,
-                        help='enable debug')
+    parser.add_argument('-debug', '--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
     parser.add_argument('-odir',
                         '--odir',
                         action='store',
@@ -108,9 +101,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
                         help='target output directory')
     (args, rem) = parser.parse_known_args()
 
-    print(
-        "NOTE: vl_file_copy is only an example starting point for writing your own tool."
-    )
+    print("NOTE: vl_file_copy is only an example starting point for writing your own tool.")
     # That is:
     # 1. We will accept basic patches
     # 2. We are not expecting to make this globally useful. (e.g. we don't cleanup obj_dir)

examples/json_py/vl_hier_graph

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ class VlHierGraph:
         self.next_vertex_number = 0
         self.addr_to_number = {}
 
-        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile(
-        ) as meta_temp:
+        with NamedTemporaryFile() as tree_temp, NamedTemporaryFile() as meta_temp:
             vargs = [
                 '--json-only-output',
                 tree_temp.name,
@@ -45,9 +44,7 @@ class VlHierGraph:
             fh.write("digraph {\n")
             fh.write("  dpi=300;\n")
             fh.write("  order=LR;\n")
-            fh.write(
-                "  node [fontsize=8 shape=\"box\" margin=0.01 width=0 height=0]"
-            )
+            fh.write("  node [fontsize=8 shape=\"box\" margin=0.01 width=0 height=0]")
             fh.write("  edge [fontsize=6]")
             # Find cells
             modules = self.flatten(self.tree, lambda n: n['type'] == "MODULE")
@@ -101,8 +98,7 @@ class VlHierGraph:
             print("\t%s " % command)
         status = subprocess.call(command, shell=True)
         if status != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError("Command failed running Verilator with '" +
-                               command + "', stopped")
+            raise RuntimeError("Command failed running Verilator with '" + command + "', stopped")
 
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -111,8 +107,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         allow_abbrev=False,
         formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
-        description=
-        """Example of using Verilator JSON output to create a .dot file showing the
+        description="""Example of using Verilator JSON output to create a .dot file showing the
 design module hierarchy.
 
 Example usage:
@@ -134,11 +129,7 @@ This file ONLY is placed under the Creative Commons Public Domain, for
 any use, without warranty, 2019 by Wilson Snyder.
 SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
 """)
-    parser.add_argument('-debug',
-                        '--debug',
-                        action='store_const',
-                        const=9,
-                        help='enable debug')
+    parser.add_argument('-debug', '--debug', action='store_const', const=9, help='enable debug')
     parser.add_argument('-o',
                         '--o',
                         action='store',
@@ -147,18 +138,14 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
                         help='output filename')
     (args, rem) = parser.parse_known_args()
 
-    print(
-        "NOTE: vl_hier_graph is only an example starting point for writing your own tool."
-    )
+    print("NOTE: vl_hier_graph is only an example starting point for writing your own tool.")
     # That is:
     # 1. We will accept basic patches
     # 2. We are not expecting to make this globally useful. (e.g. we don't cleanup obj_dir)
     # 3. "make install" will not install this.
     # 4. This has not had production-worthy validation.
 
-    fc = VlHierGraph(output_filename=args.o,
-                     debug=args.debug,
-                     verilator_args=rem)
+    fc = VlHierGraph(output_filename=args.o, debug=args.debug, verilator_args=rem)
 
 ######################################################################
 # Local Variables:

examples/make_tracing_c/sub.v

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module sub
 
    // Example counter/flop
    reg [31:0] count_c;
-   always_ff @ (posedge clk) begin
+   always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
       if (!reset_l) begin
          /*AUTORESET*/
          // Beginning of autoreset for uninitialized flops
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ module sub
    end
 
    // An example assertion
-   always_ff @ (posedge clk) begin
-      AssertionExample: assert (!reset_l || count_c<100);
+   always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
+      AssertionExample : assert (!reset_l || count_c < 100);
    end
 
    // And example coverage analysis
-   cover property (@(posedge clk) count_c==3);
+   cover property (@(posedge clk) count_c == 3);
 
 endmodule

examples/make_tracing_sc/sub.v

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ module sub
 
    // Example counter/flop
    reg [31:0] count_f;
-   always_ff @ (posedge fastclk) begin
+   always_ff @(posedge fastclk) begin
       if (!reset_l) begin
          /*AUTORESET*/
          // Beginning of autoreset for uninitialized flops
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module sub
 
    // Another example flop
    reg [31:0] count_c;
-   always_ff @ (posedge clk) begin
+   always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
       if (!reset_l) begin
          /*AUTORESET*/
          // Beginning of autoreset for uninitialized flops
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ module sub
       else begin
          count_c <= count_c + 1;
          if (count_c >= 3) begin
-            $display("[%0t] fastclk is %0d times faster than clk\n",
-                     $time, count_f/count_c);
+            $display("[%0t] fastclk is %0d times faster than clk\n", $time, count_f / count_c);
             // This write is a magic value the Makefile uses to make sure the
             // test completes successfully.
             $write("*-* All Finished *-*\n");
@@ -49,11 +48,11 @@ module sub
    end
 
    // An example assertion
-   always_ff @ (posedge clk) begin
-      AssertionExample: assert(!reset_l || count_c<100);
+   always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
+      AssertionExample : assert (!reset_l || count_c < 100);
    end
 
    // And example coverage analysis
-   cover property (@(posedge clk) count_c==3);
+   cover property (@(posedge clk) count_c == 3);
 
 endmodule

include/gtkwave/fstapi.c

@@ -550,8 +550,9 @@ return(rc);
 
 static uint32_t fstReaderVarint32(FILE *f)
 {
-int chk_len = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
-unsigned char buf[chk_len];
+const int chk_len_max = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+int chk_len = chk_len_max;
+unsigned char buf[chk_len_max];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint32_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -582,8 +583,9 @@ return(rc);
 
 static uint32_t fstReaderVarint32WithSkip(FILE *f, uint32_t *skiplen)
 {
-int chk_len = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
-unsigned char buf[chk_len];
+const int chk_len_max = 5; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+int chk_len = chk_len_max;
+unsigned char buf[chk_len_max];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint32_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -615,8 +617,9 @@ return(rc);
 
 static uint64_t fstReaderVarint64(FILE *f)
 {
-int chk_len = 16; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
-unsigned char buf[chk_len];
+const int chk_len_max = 16; /* TALOS-2023-1783 */
+int chk_len = chk_len_max;
+unsigned char buf[chk_len_max];
 unsigned char *mem = buf;
 uint64_t rc = 0;
 int ch;
@@ -3904,16 +3907,18 @@ while (value)
 static int fstVcdIDForFwrite(char *buf, unsigned int value)
 {
 char *pnt = buf;
+ int len = 0;
 
 /* zero is illegal for a value...it is assumed they start at one */
-while (value)
+while (value && len < 14)
         {
         value--;
+	++len;
         *(pnt++) = (char)('!' + value % 94);
         value = value / 94;
         }
 
-return(pnt - buf);
+return len;
 }
 
 

include/verilated.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ void vl_finish(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT_UNSAFE
 
 #ifndef VL_USER_STOP  ///< Define this to override the vl_stop function
 void vl_stop(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+    // $stop or $fatal reporting; would break current API to add param as to which
     const char* const msg = "Verilog $stop";
     Verilated::threadContextp()->gotError(true);
     Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(true);
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ void vl_fatal(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, const char* m
 
 #ifndef VL_USER_STOP_MAYBE  ///< Define this to override the vl_stop_maybe function
 void vl_stop_maybe(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier, bool maybe) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+    // $stop or $fatal
     Verilated::threadContextp()->errorCountInc();
     if (maybe
         && Verilated::threadContextp()->errorCount() < Verilated::threadContextp()->errorLimit()) {
@@ -1763,9 +1765,8 @@ IData VL_SYSTEM_IQ(QData lhs) VL_MT_SAFE {
     return VL_SYSTEM_IW(VL_WQ_WORDS_E, lhsw);
 }
 IData VL_SYSTEM_IW(int lhswords, const WDataInP lhsp) VL_MT_SAFE {
-    char filenamez[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_CHARS + 1];
-    _vl_vint_to_string(lhswords * VL_EDATASIZE, filenamez, lhsp);
-    return VL_SYSTEM_IN(filenamez);
+    const std::string lhs = VL_CVT_PACK_STR_NW(lhswords, lhsp);
+    return VL_SYSTEM_IN(lhs);
 }
 IData VL_SYSTEM_IN(const std::string& lhs) VL_MT_SAFE {
     const int code = std::system(lhs.c_str());  // Yes, std::system() is threadsafe
@@ -1897,7 +1898,7 @@ std::string VL_TO_STRING(CData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 8, lhs
 std::string VL_TO_STRING(SData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 16, lhs); }
 std::string VL_TO_STRING(IData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 32, lhs); }
 std::string VL_TO_STRING(QData lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, 64, lhs); }
-std::string VL_TO_STRING(double lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("%d", 0, 64, lhs); }
+std::string VL_TO_STRING(double lhs) { return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("%g", 0, 64, lhs); }
 std::string VL_TO_STRING_W(int words, const WDataInP obj) {
     return VL_SFORMATF_N_NX("'h%0x", 0, words * VL_EDATASIZE, obj);
 }
@@ -1915,20 +1916,16 @@ std::string VL_TOUPPER_NN(const std::string& ld) VL_PURE {
 
 std::string VL_CVT_PACK_STR_NW(int lwords, const WDataInP lwp) VL_PURE {
     // See also _vl_vint_to_string
-    char destout[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_CHARS + 1];
+    std::string result;
+    result.reserve((lwords * VL_EDATASIZE) / 8 + 1);
     const int obits = lwords * VL_EDATASIZE;
     int lsb = obits - 1;
-    char* destp = destout;
-    size_t len = 0;
     for (; lsb >= 0; --lsb) {
         lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8;  // Next digit
         const IData charval = VL_BITRSHIFT_W(lwp, lsb) & 0xff;
-        if (charval) {
-            *destp++ = static_cast<char>(charval);
-            ++len;
-        }
+        if (charval) result += static_cast<char>(charval);
     }
-    return std::string{destout, len};
+    return result;
 }
 
 std::string VL_CVT_PACK_STR_ND(const VlQueue<std::string>& q) VL_PURE {
@@ -2653,7 +2650,7 @@ const char* VerilatedContext::timeprecisionString() const VL_MT_SAFE {
 }
 
 void VerilatedContext::threads(unsigned n) {
-    if (n == 0) VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", "%Error: Simulation threads must be >= 1");
+    if (n == 0) VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", "Simulation threads must be >= 1");
 
     if (m_threadPool) {
         VL_FATAL_MT(
@@ -3002,7 +2999,7 @@ const VerilatedScopeNameMap* VerilatedContext::scopeNameMap() VL_MT_SAFE {
 //======================================================================
 // VerilatedContext:: Methods - trace
 
-void VerilatedContext::trace(VerilatedTraceBaseC* tfp, int levels, int options) VL_MT_SAFE {
+void VerilatedContext::trace(VerilatedTraceBaseC* tfp, int levels, int options) {
     VL_DEBUG_IF(VL_DBG_MSGF("+ VerilatedContext::trace\n"););
     if (tfp->isOpen()) {
         VL_FATAL_MT("", 0, "",
@@ -3292,7 +3289,7 @@ uint32_t VerilatedVarProps::entSize() const VL_MT_SAFE {
     case VLVT_UINT16: size = sizeof(SData); break;
     case VLVT_UINT32: size = sizeof(IData); break;
     case VLVT_UINT64: size = sizeof(QData); break;
-    case VLVT_WDATA: size = VL_WORDS_I(packed().elements()) * sizeof(IData); break;
+    case VLVT_WDATA: size = VL_WORDS_I(entBits()) * sizeof(IData); break;
     default: size = 0; break;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
     }
     return size;
@@ -3311,7 +3308,7 @@ void* VerilatedVarProps::datapAdjustIndex(void* datap, int dim, int indx) const
     uint8_t* bytep = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(datap);
     // If on index 1 of a 2 index array, then each index 1 is index2sz*entsz
     size_t slicesz = entSize();
-    for (int d = dim + 1; d <= m_udims; ++d) slicesz *= elements(d);
+    for (int d = dim + 1; d <= udims(); ++d) slicesz *= elements(d);
     bytep += indxAdj * slicesz;
     return bytep;
 }
@@ -3329,7 +3326,7 @@ VerilatedScope::~VerilatedScope() {
 }
 
 void VerilatedScope::configure(VerilatedSyms* symsp, const char* prefixp, const char* suffixp,
-                               const char* identifier, int8_t timeunit,
+                               const char* identifier, const char* defnamep, int8_t timeunit,
                                const Type& type) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
     // Slowpath - called once/scope at construction
     // We don't want the space and reference-count access overhead of strings.
@@ -3346,6 +3343,7 @@ void VerilatedScope::configure(VerilatedSyms* symsp, const char* prefixp, const
         m_namep = namep;
     }
     m_identifierp = identifier;
+    m_defnamep = defnamep;
     Verilated::threadContextp()->impp()->scopeInsert(this);
 }
 
@@ -3371,32 +3369,30 @@ void VerilatedScope::exportInsert(int finalize, const char* namep, void* cb) VL_
 }
 
 void VerilatedScope::varInsert(int finalize, const char* namep, void* datap, bool isParam,
-                               VerilatedVarType vltype, int vlflags, int dims, ...) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
+                               VerilatedVarType vltype, int vlflags, int udims,
+                               int pdims...) VL_MT_UNSAFE {
     // Grab dimensions
     // In the future we may just create a large table at emit time and
     // statically construct from that.
     if (!finalize) return;
 
     if (!m_varsp) m_varsp = new VerilatedVarNameMap;
-    VerilatedVar var(namep, datap, vltype, static_cast<VerilatedVarFlags>(vlflags), dims, isParam);
+    VerilatedVar var(namep, datap, vltype, static_cast<VerilatedVarFlags>(vlflags), udims, pdims,
+                     isParam);
 
     va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, dims);
-    for (int i = 0; i < dims; ++i) {
+    va_start(ap, pdims);
+    for (int i = 0; i < udims; ++i) {
         const int msb = va_arg(ap, int);
         const int lsb = va_arg(ap, int);
-        if (i == 0) {
-            var.m_packed.m_left = msb;
-            var.m_packed.m_right = lsb;
-        } else if (i >= 1 && i <= var.udims()) {
-            var.m_unpacked[i - 1].m_left = msb;
-            var.m_unpacked[i - 1].m_right = lsb;
-        } else {
-            // We could have a linked list of ranges, but really this whole thing needs
-            // to be generalized to support structs and unions, etc.
-            const std::string msg = "Unsupported multi-dimensional public varInsert: "s + namep;
-            VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", msg.c_str());
-        }
+        var.m_unpacked[i].m_left = msb;
+        var.m_unpacked[i].m_right = lsb;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < pdims; ++i) {
+        const int msb = va_arg(ap, int);
+        const int lsb = va_arg(ap, int);
+        var.m_packed[i].m_left = msb;
+        var.m_packed[i].m_right = lsb;
     }
     va_end(ap);
 

include/verilated.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class VerilatedFstC;
 class VerilatedFstSc;
 class VerilatedScope;
 class VerilatedScopeNameMap;
-template <class, class>
+template <typename, typename>
 class VerilatedTrace;
 class VerilatedTraceBaseC;
 class VerilatedTraceConfig;
@@ -175,6 +175,9 @@ enum class VerilatedAssertDirectiveType : uint8_t {
 using VerilatedAssertType_t = std::underlying_type<VerilatedAssertType>::type;
 using VerilatedAssertDirectiveType_t = std::underlying_type<VerilatedAssertDirectiveType>::type;
 
+// Type trait for custom struct
+template <typename>
+struct VlIsCustomStruct : public std::false_type {};
 //=============================================================================
 // Utility functions
 
@@ -221,19 +224,6 @@ public:
     void unlock() VL_RELEASE() VL_MT_SAFE { m_mutex.unlock(); }
     /// Try to acquire mutex.  Returns true on success, and false on failure.
     bool try_lock() VL_TRY_ACQUIRE(true) VL_MT_SAFE { return m_mutex.try_lock(); }
-    /// Acquire/lock mutex and check for stop request
-    /// It tries to lock the mutex and if it fails, it check if stop request was send.
-    /// It returns after locking mutex.
-    /// This function should be extracted to V3ThreadPool, but due to clang thread-safety
-    /// limitations it needs to be placed here.
-    void lockCheckStopRequest(std::function<void()> checkStopRequestFunction)
-        VL_ACQUIRE() VL_MT_SAFE {
-        while (true) {
-            checkStopRequestFunction();
-            if (m_mutex.try_lock()) return;
-            VL_CPU_RELAX();
-        }
-    }
 };
 
 /// Lock guard for mutex (ala std::unique_lock), wrapped to allow -fthread_safety checks
@@ -313,7 +303,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     // The following are for use by Verilator internals only
-    template <class, class>
+    template <typename, typename>
     friend class VerilatedTrace;
     // Run-time trace configuration requested by this model
     virtual std::unique_ptr<VerilatedTraceConfig> traceConfig() const;
@@ -559,9 +549,9 @@ public:
     /// 1 = Set all bits to one
     /// 2 = Randomize all bits
     void randReset(int val) VL_MT_SAFE;
-    /// Set default random seed, 0 = seed it automatically
-    int randSeed() const VL_MT_SAFE { return m_s.m_randSeed; }
     /// Return default random seed
+    int randSeed() const VL_MT_SAFE { return m_s.m_randSeed; }
+    /// Set default random seed, 0 = seed it automatically
     void randSeed(int val) VL_MT_SAFE;
 
     /// Return statistic: CPU time delta from model created until now
@@ -727,6 +717,7 @@ private:
     VerilatedVarNameMap* m_varsp = nullptr;  // Variable map
     const char* m_namep = nullptr;  // Scope name (Slowpath)
     const char* m_identifierp = nullptr;  // Identifier of scope (with escapes removed)
+    const char* m_defnamep = nullptr;  // Definition name (SCOPE_MODULE only)
     int8_t m_timeunit = 0;  // Timeunit in negative power-of-10
     Type m_type = SCOPE_OTHER;  // Type of the scope
 
@@ -734,13 +725,15 @@ public:  // But internals only - called from VerilatedModule's
     VerilatedScope() = default;
     ~VerilatedScope();
     void configure(VerilatedSyms* symsp, const char* prefixp, const char* suffixp,
-                   const char* identifier, int8_t timeunit, const Type& type) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
+                   const char* identifier, const char* defnamep, int8_t timeunit,
+                   const Type& type) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
     void exportInsert(int finalize, const char* namep, void* cb) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
     void varInsert(int finalize, const char* namep, void* datap, bool isParam,
-                   VerilatedVarType vltype, int vlflags, int dims, ...) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
+                   VerilatedVarType vltype, int vlflags, int udims, int pdims, ...) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
     // ACCESSORS
     const char* name() const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT { return m_namep; }
     const char* identifier() const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT { return m_identifierp; }
+    const char* defname() const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT { return m_defnamep; }
     int8_t timeunit() const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT { return m_timeunit; }
     VerilatedSyms* symsp() const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT { return m_symsp; }
     VerilatedVar* varFind(const char* namep) const VL_MT_SAFE_POSTINIT;
@@ -809,8 +802,6 @@ class Verilated final {
 public:
     // METHODS - User called
 
-    /// Enable debug of internal verilated code
-    static void debug(int level) VL_MT_SAFE;
 #ifdef VL_DEBUG
     /// Return debug level
     /// When multithreaded this may not immediately react to another thread
@@ -820,6 +811,8 @@ public:
     /// Return constant 0 debug level, so C++'s optimizer rips up
     static constexpr int debug() VL_PURE { return 0; }
 #endif
+    /// Enable debug of internal verilated code
+    static void debug(int level) VL_MT_SAFE;
 
     /// Set the last VerilatedContext accessed
     /// Generally threadContextp(value) should be called instead
@@ -878,44 +871,44 @@ public:
     static const char* commandArgsPlusMatch(const char* prefixp) VL_MT_SAFE {
         return Verilated::threadContextp()->commandArgsPlusMatch(prefixp);
     }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::errorLimit using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void errorLimit(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->errorLimit(val); }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::errorLimit using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static int errorLimit() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->errorLimit(); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::errorLimit using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void errorLimit(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->errorLimit(val); }
+    /// Return VerilatedContext::fatalOnError using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static bool fatalOnError() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnError(); }
     /// Call VerilatedContext::fatalOnError using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static void fatalOnError(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
         Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnError(flag);
     }
-    /// Return VerilatedContext::fatalOnError using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static bool fatalOnError() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnError(); }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::fatalOnVpiError using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void fatalOnVpiError(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
-        Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnVpiError(flag);
-    }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::fatalOnVpiError using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static bool fatalOnVpiError() VL_MT_SAFE {
         return Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnVpiError();
     }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::gotError using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void gotError(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->gotError(flag); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::fatalOnVpiError using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void fatalOnVpiError(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE {
+        Verilated::threadContextp()->fatalOnVpiError(flag);
+    }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::gotError using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static bool gotError() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->gotError(); }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::gotFinish using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void gotFinish(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(flag); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::gotError using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void gotError(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->gotError(flag); }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::gotFinish using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static bool gotFinish() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(); }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::randReset using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void randReset(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->randReset(val); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::gotFinish using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void gotFinish(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->gotFinish(flag); }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::randReset using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static int randReset() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->randReset(); }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::randSeed using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void randSeed(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->randSeed(val); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::randReset using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void randReset(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->randReset(val); }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::randSeed using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static int randSeed() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->randSeed(); }
-    /// Call VerilatedContext::time using current thread's VerilatedContext
-    static void time(uint64_t val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->time(val); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::randSeed using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void randSeed(int val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->randSeed(val); }
     /// Return VerilatedContext::time using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static uint64_t time() VL_MT_SAFE { return Verilated::threadContextp()->time(); }
+    /// Call VerilatedContext::time using current thread's VerilatedContext
+    static void time(uint64_t val) VL_MT_SAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->time(val); }
     /// Call VerilatedContext::timeInc using current thread's VerilatedContext
     static void timeInc(uint64_t add) VL_MT_UNSAFE { Verilated::threadContextp()->timeInc(add); }
     // Deprecated

include/verilated.mk.in

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ######################################################################
 # DESCRIPTION: Makefile commands for all verilated target files
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+# Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 # can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 # Version 2.0.
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ PYTHON3 = @PYTHON3@
 CFG_WITH_CCWARN = @CFG_WITH_CCWARN@
 CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS = @CFG_WITH_LONGTESTS@
 
+# Compiler version found during configure. This make variable is not used
+# here, but note that if this differs from what `$(CXX) --version` prints,
+# then there may be strange results such as unexpected warnings, as
+# configure determines compiler characteristics.
+CFG_CXX_VERSION = "@CFG_CXX_VERSION@"
+
 # Compiler flags to enable profiling
 CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE = @CFG_CXXFLAGS_PROFILE@
 # Select language required to compile (often empty)

include/verilated.v

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
 //
 // DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Include in verilog files to hide verilator defines
 
-`ifdef _VERILATED_V_ `else
+`ifndef _VERILATED_V_
  `define _VERILATED_V_ 1
 
  // Hide verilator pragmas from other tools
- `ifdef VERILATOR `else
+ `ifndef VERILATOR
   `define coverage_block_off
  `endif
 

include/verilated_config.h.in

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_cov.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public:  // But only local to this file
 // This isn't in the header file for auto-magic conversion because it
 // inlines to too much code and makes compilation too slow.
 
-template <class T>
+template <typename T>
 class VerilatedCoverItemSpec final : public VerilatedCovImpItem {
 private:
     // MEMBERS
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ private:
         // Little selftest
 #define SELF_CHECK(got, exp) \
     do { \
-        if ((got) != (exp)) VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", "%Error: selftest"); \
+        if ((got) != (exp)) VL_FATAL_MT(__FILE__, __LINE__, "", "selftest"); \
     } while (0)
         SELF_CHECK(combineHier("a.b.c", "a.b.c"), "a.b.c");
         SELF_CHECK(combineHier("a.b.c", "a.b"), "a.b*");

include/verilated_cov.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ public:
     std::string defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE;
     /// Make all data per_instance, overriding point's per_instance
     void forcePerInstance(bool flag) VL_MT_SAFE;
-    void write() VL_MT_SAFE { write(defaultFilename()); }
     /// Write all coverage data to a file
+    void write() VL_MT_SAFE { write(defaultFilename()); }
     void write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE;
     /// Clear coverage points (and call delete on all items)
     void clear() VL_MT_SAFE;
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ public:
     /// Return default filename for the current thread
     static std::string defaultFilename() VL_MT_SAFE { return threadCovp()->defaultFilename(); }
     /// Write all coverage data to a file for the current thread
-    static void write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE { threadCovp()->write(filename); }
     static void write() VL_MT_SAFE { write(defaultFilename()); }
+    static void write(const std::string& filename) VL_MT_SAFE { threadCovp()->write(filename); }
     /// Clear coverage points (and call delete on all items) for the current thread
     static void clear() VL_MT_SAFE { threadCovp()->clear(); }
     /// Clear items not matching the provided string for the current thread

include/verilated_cov_key.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_dpi.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2009-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2009-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ static void _vl_svGetBitArrElemVecVal(svBitVecVal* d, const svOpenArrayHandle s,
     }
     case VLVT_WDATA: {
         WDataOutP wdatap = (reinterpret_cast<WDataOutP>(datap));
-        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->packed().elements()); ++i) d[i] = wdatap[i];
+        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->entBits()); ++i) d[i] = wdatap[i];
         return;
     }
     default:  // LCOV_EXCL_START  // Errored earlier
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ static void _vl_svGetLogicArrElemVecVal(svLogicVecVal* d, const svOpenArrayHandl
     }
     case VLVT_WDATA: {
         WDataOutP wdatap = (reinterpret_cast<WDataOutP>(datap));
-        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->packed().elements()); ++i) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->entBits()); ++i) {
             d[i].aval = wdatap[i];
             d[i].bval = 0;
         }
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ static void _vl_svPutBitArrElemVecVal(const svOpenArrayHandle d, const svBitVecV
     case VLVT_UINT64: *(reinterpret_cast<QData*>(datap)) = VL_SET_QII(s[1], s[0]); break;
     case VLVT_WDATA: {
         WDataOutP wdatap = (reinterpret_cast<WDataOutP>(datap));
-        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->packed().elements()); ++i) wdatap[i] = s[i];
+        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->entBits()); ++i) wdatap[i] = s[i];
         return;
     }
     default:  // LCOV_EXCL_START  // Errored earlier
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ static void _vl_svPutLogicArrElemVecVal(const svOpenArrayHandle d, const svLogic
     case VLVT_UINT64: *(reinterpret_cast<QData*>(datap)) = VL_SET_QII(s[1].aval, s[0].aval); break;
     case VLVT_WDATA: {
         WDataOutP wdatap = (reinterpret_cast<WDataOutP>(datap));
-        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->packed().elements()); ++i) wdatap[i] = s[i].aval;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VL_WORDS_I(varp->entBits()); ++i) wdatap[i] = s[i].aval;
         return;
     }
     default:  // LCOV_EXCL_START  // Errored earlier

include/verilated_dpi.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_fst_c.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ void VerilatedFst::declDTypeEnum(int dtypenum, const char* name, uint32_t elemen
 // TODO: should return std::optional<fstScopeType>, but I can't have C++17
 static std::pair<bool, fstScopeType> toFstScopeType(VerilatedTracePrefixType type) {
     switch (type) {
+    case VerilatedTracePrefixType::ROOTIO_MODULE: return {true, FST_ST_VCD_MODULE};
     case VerilatedTracePrefixType::SCOPE_MODULE: return {true, FST_ST_VCD_MODULE};
     case VerilatedTracePrefixType::SCOPE_INTERFACE: return {true, FST_ST_VCD_INTERFACE};
     case VerilatedTracePrefixType::STRUCT_PACKED:
@@ -137,7 +138,20 @@ static std::pair<bool, fstScopeType> toFstScopeType(VerilatedTracePrefixType typ
 }
 
 void VerilatedFst::pushPrefix(const std::string& name, VerilatedTracePrefixType type) {
-    const std::string newPrefix = m_prefixStack.back().first + name;
+    assert(!m_prefixStack.empty());  // Constructor makes an empty entry
+    std::string pname = name;
+    // An empty name means this is the root of a model created with name()=="".  The
+    // tools get upset if we try to pass this as empty, so we put the signals under a
+    // new scope, but the signals further down will be peers, not children (as usual
+    // for name()!="")
+    // Terminate earlier $root?
+    if (m_prefixStack.back().second == VerilatedTracePrefixType::ROOTIO_MODULE) popPrefix();
+    if (pname.empty()) {  // Start new temporary root
+        pname = "$rootio";  // VCD names are not backslash escaped
+        m_prefixStack.emplace_back("", VerilatedTracePrefixType::ROOTIO_WRAPPER);
+        type = VerilatedTracePrefixType::ROOTIO_MODULE;
+    }
+    const std::string newPrefix = m_prefixStack.back().first + pname;
     const auto pair = toFstScopeType(type);
     const bool properScope = pair.first;
     const fstScopeType scopeType = pair.second;
@@ -149,10 +163,11 @@ void VerilatedFst::pushPrefix(const std::string& name, VerilatedTracePrefixType
 }
 
 void VerilatedFst::popPrefix() {
+    assert(!m_prefixStack.empty());
     const bool properScope = toFstScopeType(m_prefixStack.back().second).first;
     if (properScope) fstWriterSetUpscope(m_fst);
     m_prefixStack.pop_back();
-    assert(!m_prefixStack.empty());
+    assert(!m_prefixStack.empty());  // Always one left, the constructor's initial one
 }
 
 void VerilatedFst::declare(uint32_t code, const char* name, int dtypenum,
@@ -294,7 +309,7 @@ void VerilatedFst::configure(const VerilatedTraceConfig& config) {
 // so always inline them.
 
 VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE
-void VerilatedFstBuffer::emitEvent(uint32_t code, const VlEventBase* newval) {
+void VerilatedFstBuffer::emitEvent(uint32_t code) {
     VL_DEBUG_IFDEF(assert(m_symbolp[code]););
     fstWriterEmitValueChange(m_fst, m_symbolp[code], "1");
 }

include/verilated_fst_c.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ private:
     friend VerilatedFstBuffer;  // Give the buffer access to the private bits
 
     //=========================================================================
-    // FST specific internals
+    // FST-specific internals
 
     void* m_fst = nullptr;
     std::map<uint32_t, vlFstHandle> m_code2symbol;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class VerilatedFstBuffer VL_NOT_FINAL {
 
     // Implementations of duck-typed methods for VerilatedTraceBuffer. These are
     // called from only one place (the full* methods), so always inline them.
-    VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE void emitEvent(uint32_t code, const VlEventBase* newval);
+    VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE void emitEvent(uint32_t code);
     VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE void emitBit(uint32_t code, CData newval);
     VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE void emitCData(uint32_t code, CData newval, int bits);
     VL_ATTR_ALWINLINE void emitSData(uint32_t code, SData newval, int bits);

include/verilated_fst_sc.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // THIS MODULE IS PUBLICLY LICENSED
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
 // can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_fst_sc.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // -*- mode: C++; c-file-style: "cc-mode" -*-
 //=============================================================================
 //
-// Copyright 2001-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2001-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_funcs.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -42,19 +42,20 @@ extern void vl_finish(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT
 /// Routine to call for $stop and non-fatal error
 /// User code may wish to replace this function, to do so, define VL_USER_STOP.
 /// This code does not have to be thread safe.
-/// Verilator internal code must call VL_FINISH_MT instead, which eventually calls this.
+/// Verilator internal code must call VL_STOP_MT instead, which eventually calls this.
 extern void vl_stop(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
 
 /// Routine to call for fatal messages
 /// User code may wish to replace this function, to do so, define VL_USER_FATAL.
 /// This code does not have to be thread safe.
-/// Verilator internal code must call VL_FINISH_MT instead, which eventually calls this.
+/// Verilator internal code must call VL_FATAL_MT instead, which eventually calls this.
 extern void vl_fatal(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier,
                      const char* msg) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
 
 /// Routine to call for warning messages
 /// User code may wish to replace this function, to do so, define VL_USER_WARN.
 /// This code does not have to be thread safe.
+/// Verilator internal code must call VL_WARN_MT instead, which eventually calls this.
 extern void vl_warn(const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier,
                     const char* msg) VL_MT_UNSAFE;
 
@@ -1603,26 +1604,26 @@ static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlQueue<IData>& q) {
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q) {
     IData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        ret |= static_cast<IData>(q[T_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        ret |= static_cast<IData>(q[N_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q) {
     IData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        ret |= static_cast<IData>(q[T_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        ret |= static_cast<IData>(q[N_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline IData VL_PACK_II(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q) {
     IData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) ret |= q[T_Depth - 1 - i] << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) ret |= q[N_Depth - 1 - i] << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1644,27 +1645,27 @@ static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlQueue<IData>& q) {
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q) {
     QData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[T_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[N_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q) {
     QData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[T_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[N_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline QData VL_PACK_QI(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q) {
     QData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[T_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        ret |= static_cast<QData>(q[N_Depth - 1 - i]) << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1674,10 +1675,10 @@ static inline QData VL_PACK_QQ(int obits, int lbits, const VlQueue<QData>& q) {
     return ret;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline QData VL_PACK_QQ(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<QData, T_Depth>& q) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline QData VL_PACK_QQ(int obits, int lbits, const VlUnpacked<QData, N_Depth>& q) {
     QData ret = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) ret |= q[T_Depth - 1 - i] << (i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) ret |= q[N_Depth - 1 - i] << (i * lbits);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1702,30 +1703,30 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WI(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const Vl
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WI(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q) {
+                                   const VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[T_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[N_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WI(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q) {
+                                   const VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[T_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[N_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WI(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q) {
+                                   const VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[T_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        _vl_insert_WI(owp, q[N_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
@@ -1736,30 +1737,30 @@ static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WQ(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp, const Vl
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WQ(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlUnpacked<QData, T_Depth>& q) {
+                                   const VlUnpacked<QData, N_Depth>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        _vl_insert_WQ(owp, q[T_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        _vl_insert_WQ(owp, q[N_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t N>
+template <std::size_t N_Words>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WW(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlQueue<VlWide<N>>& q) {
+                                   const VlQueue<VlWide<N_Words>>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < q.size(); ++i)
         _vl_insert_WW(owp, q.at(i), i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth, std::size_t N>
+template <std::size_t N_Depth, std::size_t N_Words>
 static inline WDataOutP VL_PACK_WW(int obits, int lbits, WDataOutP owp,
-                                   const VlUnpacked<VlWide<N>, T_Depth>& q) {
+                                   const VlUnpacked<VlWide<N_Words>, N_Depth>& q) {
     VL_MEMSET_ZERO_W(owp + 1, VL_WORDS_I(obits) - 1);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        _vl_insert_WW(owp, q[T_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        _vl_insert_WW(owp, q[N_Depth - 1 - i], i * lbits + lbits - 1, i * lbits);
     return owp;
 }
 
@@ -2206,165 +2207,175 @@ static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<CData>& q, IData f
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<SData>& q, IData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<IData>& q, IData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<CData>& q, QData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<SData>& q, QData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<IData>& q, QData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_QQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<QData>& q, QData from) {
     const size_t size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const QData mask = VL_MASK_Q(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.atWrite(i) = (from >> (i * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<CData>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
     const int size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        q.atWrite(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    }
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<SData>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
     const int size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        q.atWrite(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    }
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<IData>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
     const int size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        q.atWrite(i) = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    }
 }
 
 static inline void VL_UNPACK_QW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<QData>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
     const int size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
     const QData mask = VL_MASK_Q(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) q.at(i) = VL_SEL_QWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        q.atWrite(i) = VL_SEL_QWII(rbits, rwp, i * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    }
 }
 
-template <std::size_t N>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_WW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<VlWide<N>>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
+template <std::size_t N_Words>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_WW(int lbits, int rbits, VlQueue<VlWide<N_Words>>& q, WDataInP rwp) {
     const int size = (rbits + lbits - 1) / lbits;
     q.renew(size);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) VL_SEL_WWII(lbits, rbits, q.at(i), rwp, i * lbits, lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        VL_SEL_WWII(lbits, rbits, q.atWrite(i), rwp, i * lbits, lbits);
+    }
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q, IData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q, IData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q, IData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q, IData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q, IData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_II(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q, IData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q, QData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q, QData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q, QData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q, QData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q, QData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q, QData from) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_QQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<QData, T_Depth>& q, QData from) {
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_QQ(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<QData, N_Depth>& q, QData from) {
     const QData mask = VL_MASK_Q(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i) q[i] = (from >> ((N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits)) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, T_Depth>& q,
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<CData, N_Depth>& q,
                                 WDataInP rwp) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, T_Depth>& q,
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<SData, N_Depth>& q,
                                 WDataInP rwp) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, T_Depth>& q,
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_IW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<IData, N_Depth>& q,
                                 WDataInP rwp) {
     const IData mask = VL_MASK_I(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        q[i] = VL_SEL_IWII(rbits, rwp, (N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_QW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<QData, T_Depth>& q,
+template <std::size_t N_Depth>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_QW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<QData, N_Depth>& q,
                                 WDataInP rwp) {
     const QData mask = VL_MASK_Q(lbits);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        q[i] = VL_SEL_QWII(rbits, rwp, (T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        q[i] = VL_SEL_QWII(rbits, rwp, (N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits) & mask;
 }
 
-template <std::size_t T_Depth, std::size_t N>
-static inline void VL_UNPACK_WW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<VlWide<N>, T_Depth>& q,
+template <std::size_t N_Depth, std::size_t N_Words>
+static inline void VL_UNPACK_WW(int lbits, int rbits, VlUnpacked<VlWide<N_Words>, N_Depth>& q,
                                 WDataInP rwp) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < T_Depth; ++i)
-        VL_SEL_WWII(lbits, rbits, q[i], rwp, (T_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_Depth; ++i)
+        VL_SEL_WWII(lbits, rbits, q[i], rwp, (N_Depth - 1 - i) * lbits, lbits);
 }
 
 // Return QData from double (numeric)

include/verilated_imp.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2009-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2009-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.

include/verilated_intrinsics.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Code available from: https://verilator.org
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2025 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
 // Version 2.0.
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 //*************************************************************************
 ///
 /// \file
-/// \brief Verilator common target specific intrinsics header
+/// \brief Verilator common target-specific intrinsics header
 ///
 /// This file is not part of the Verilated public-facing API.
 ///
-/// It is only for internal use; code using machine specific intrinsics for
+/// It is only for internal use; code using machine-specific intrinsics for
 /// optimization should include this header rather than directly including
-/// he target specific headers. We provide macros to check for availability
+/// the target-specific headers. We provide macros to check for availability
 /// of instruction sets, and a common mechanism to disable them.
 ///
 //*************************************************************************