Version bump

This allows finer grained bracketing of sections of interest.
Convert tracing_on/off to use the same general scheme.

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+*~
 *.old
 *.gz
 *.gz.uu

Changes

@@ -3,6 +3,130 @@ Revision history for Verilator
 The contributors that suggested a given feature are shown in [].  [by ...]
 indicates the contributor was also the author of the fix; Thanks!
 
+* Verilator 3.700 2009/01/08
+
+**   Add limited support for tristate inouts.  Written by Lane Brooks.
+     This allows common pad ring and tristate-mux structures to be
+     Verilated.  See the documentation for more information on supported
+     constructs.
+
+**   Add --coverage_toggle for toggle coverage analysis.
+     Running coverage now requires SystemPerl 1.301 or newer.
+
+***  Add /*verilator coverage_on/_off */ to bracket coverage regions.
+
+***  Optimize two-level shift and and/or trees, +23% on one test.
+
+***  Support posedge of bit-selected signals, bug45. [Rodney Sinclair]
+
+***  Line coverage now aggregates by hierarchy automatically.
+     Previously this would be done inside SystemPerl, which was slower.
+
+**** Minor performance improvements of Verilator compiler runtime.
+
+**** Coverage of each parametarized module is counted separately. [Bob Fredieu]
+
+**** Fix creating parameterized modules when no parameter values are changed.
+
+**** Fix certain generate-if cells causing "clone" error. [Stephane Laurent]
+
+**** Fix line coverage of public functions.  [Soon Koh]
+
+**** Fix SystemC 2.2 deprecated warnings about sensitive() and sc_start().
+
+**** Fix arrayed variables under function not compiling, bug44. [Ralf Karge]
+
+**** Fix --output-split-cfuncs to also split trace code. [Niranjan Prabhu]
+
+**** Fix 'bad select range' warning missing some cases, bug43. [Lane Brooks]
+
+**** Fix internal signal names containing control characters (broke in 3.680).
+
+**** Fix compile error on Ubuntu 8.10. [Christopher Boumenot]
+
+**** Fix internal error on "output x; reg x = y;".
+
+**** Fix wrong result for read of delayed FSM signal, bug46. [Rodney Sinclair]
+
+* Verilator 3.681 2008/11/12
+
+***  Add SystemVerilog unique and priority case.
+
+**** Include Verilog file's directory name in coverage reports.
+
+**** Fix 'for' under 'generate-for' causing error; bug38. [Rafael Shirakawa]
+
+**** Fix coverage hierarchy being backwards with inlining.  [Vasu Arasanipalai]
+
+**** Fix GCC 4.3 compile error; bug35.  [Lane Brooks]
+
+**** Fix MSVC compile error; bug42.  [John Stroebel]
+
+* Verilator 3.680 2008/10/08
+
+**   Support negative bit indexes. [Stephane Laurent]
+     Tracing negative indexes requires latest Verilog-Perl and SystemPerl.
+
+***  Suppress width warnings between constant strings and wider vectors.
+     [Rodney Sinclair]
+
+**** Ignore SystemVerilog timeunit and timeprecision.
+
+**** Expand environment variables in -f input files.  [Lawrence Butcher]
+
+**** Report error if port declaration is missing; bug32. [Guy-Armand Kamendje]
+
+**** Fix genvars causing link error when using --public.  [Chris Candler]
+
+* Verilator 3.671 2008/09/19
+
+**   SystemC uint64_t pins are now the default instead of sc_bv<64>.
+     Use --no-pins64 for backward compatibility.
+
+***  Support SystemVerilog "cover property" statements.
+
+***  When warnings are disabled on signals that are flattened out, disable
+     the warnings on the signal(s) that replace it.
+
+***  Add by-design and by-module subtotals to verilator_profcfunc.
+
+***  Fix extra evaluation of pure combo blocks in SystemC output.
+
+**** Add IMPERFECTSCH warning, disabled by default.
+
+**** Support coverage under SystemPerl 1.285 and newer.
+
+**** Fix stack overflow on large ? : trees. [John Sanguinetti]
+
+**** Support arbitrary characters in identifiers. [Stephane Laurent]
+
+* Verilator 3.670 2008/07/23
+
+**   Add --x-assign=fast option, and make it the default.
+     This chooses performance over reset debugging.  See the manual.
+
+**   Add --autoflush, for flushing streams after $display.  [Steve Tong]
+
+**   Add CASEWITHX lint warning and if disabled fix handling of casez with Xs.
+
+***  Add $feof, $fgetc, $fgets, $fflush, $fscanf, $sscanf. [Holger Waechtler]
+
+***  Add $stime. [Holger Waechtler]
+
+***  Add $random.
+
+***  Add --Wfuture-, for improving forward compatibility.
+
+**** Fix verilator_includer not being installed properly.  [Holger Waechtler]
+
+**** Fix IMPURE errors due to X-assignment temporary variables. [Steve Tong]
+
+**** Fix "lvalue" errors with public functions; bug25.  [CY Wang]
+
+**** Add WIDTH warning to $fopen etc file descriptors.
+
+**** Internal changes to how $displays get compiled and executed.
+
 * Verilator 3.665 2008/06/25
 
 **** Ignore "// verilator" comments alone on endif lines.  [Rodney Sinclair]
@@ -17,7 +141,7 @@ indicates the contributor was also the author of the fix; Thanks!
 
 **** Fix compile errors under Fedora 9, GCC 4.3.0.  [by Jeremy Bennett]
 
-**** Fix Makefile to find headers/libraries under prefix. [by Holger_Waechtler]
+**** Fix Makefile to find headers/libraries under prefix. [by Holger Waechtler]
 
 * Verilator 3.664 2008/05/08
 
@@ -1255,7 +1379,7 @@ of input ports exists for tracing.
 
 This uses outline mode in Emacs.  See C-h m [M-x describe-mode].
 
-Copyright 2001-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software;
+Copyright 2001-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software;
 you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

MANIFEST.SKIP

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 /obj_dir/
 /obj_dbg/
 /obj_opt/
+/INCA_libs/
+/cov_work/
 /logs/
 Makefile
 src/Makefile_obj

Makefile.in

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 #
@@ -110,13 +110,14 @@ DISTFILES_INC = $(INFOS) .gitignore COPYING *.in *.ac \
 	include/*.in \
 	include/.*ignore \
 	.*attributes */.*attributes  */*/.*attributes \
-	src/.*ignore src/*.in src/*.cpp src/*.[chly] src/astgen src/*fix \
-	src/*.pl \
+	src/.*ignore src/*.in src/*.cpp src/*.[chly] src/astgen src/bisonpre src/*fix \
+	src/*.pl src/*.pod \
 	test_*/.*ignore test_*/Makefile* test_*/*.cpp \
 	test_*/*.pl test_*/*.v test_*/*.vc test_*/vlint \
 	test_verilated/vgen*.pl \
 	test_regress/t/*.cpp \
 	test_regress/t/*.h \
+	test_regress/t/*.dat \
 	test_regress/t/*.mem \
 	test_regress/t/*.out \
 	test_regress/t/*.pl \
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ DISTFILES_INC = $(INFOS) .gitignore COPYING *.in *.ac \
 INST_PROJ_FILES = \
 	bin/verilator \
 	bin/verilator_includer \
+	bin/verilator_profcfunc \
 	include/verilated.[chv]* \
 	include/verilated.mk \
 	include/verilatedos.[chv]* \
@@ -136,8 +138,10 @@ INST_PROJ_BIN_FILES = \
 
 DISTFILES := $(DISTFILES_INC)
 
+VL_INST_MAN_FILES = verilator.1
+
 all: all_nomsg msg_test
-all_nomsg: verilator_exe
+all_nomsg: verilator_exe $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
 .PHONY:verilator_exe
 verilator_exe verilator_bin verilator_bin_dbg:
@@ -221,6 +225,8 @@ README: readme.texi
 # See uninstall also
 VL_INST_BIN_FILES = verilator verilator_bin verilator_bin_dbg \
 	verilator_includer verilator_profcfunc
+# Some scripts go into both the search path and pkgdatadir,
+# so they can be found by the user, and under $VERILATOR_ROOT.
 installbin:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)
 	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator )
@@ -228,8 +234,9 @@ installbin:
 	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_profcfunc $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_profcfunc )
 	( $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_bin $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_bin )
 	( $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_bin_dbg $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_bin_dbg )
+	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin
+	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_includer $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/verilator_includer )
 
-VL_INST_MAN_FILES = verilator.1
 installman:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES) ; do \
@@ -239,7 +246,6 @@ installman:
 installdata:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r include $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)
-	cp -r src     $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)
 	cp -r test_c  $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r test_sc $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r test_sp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples

TODO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // DESCRIPTION: Verilator: List of To Do issues.
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Usability:
 Internal Code:
 	Eliminate the AstNUser* passed to all visitors; its only needed in V3Width,
 	and removing it will speed up and simplify all the other code.
+	V3Graph should be templated container type, taking in Vertex + Edge types
 
 Performance:
 	Constant propagation

bin/verilator

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ eval 'exec perl -wS $0 ${1+"$@"}'
   if 0;
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 #
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ sub verilator_bin {
     my $bin = "";
     # Use VERILATOR_ROOT if defined, else assume verilator_bin is in the search path
     $bin .= $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT}."/" if defined($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT});
-    $bin .= ($ENV{VERILATOR_BIN}||"verilator_bin");
-    if ($Debug) { $bin = "${bin}_dbg"; }
+    $bin .= ($ENV{VERILATOR_BIN}
+	     || ($Debug ? "verilator_bin_dbg" : "verilator_bin"));
     return $bin;
 }
 
@@ -177,11 +177,13 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     {file.c/cc/cpp}             Optional C++ files to link in
 
     --assert                    Enable all assertions
+    --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
     --bin <filename>            Override Verilator binary
     --cc                        Create C++ output
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
     --coverage                  Enable all coverage
     --coverage-line             Enable line coverage
+    --coverage-toggle           Enable toggle coverage
     --coverage-user             Enable PSL/SVL user coverage
     -D<var>[=<value>]           Set preprocessor define
     --debug                     Enable debugging
@@ -201,13 +203,13 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     --MP                        Create phony dependency targets
     --Mdir <directory>          Name of output object directory
     --mod-prefix <topname>      Name to prepend to lower classes
+    --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     -O0                         Disable optimizations
     -O3                         High performance optimizations
     -O<optimization-letter>     Selectable optimizations
     --output-split <bytes>      Split .cpp files into pieces
     --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split .ccp functions
-    --pins64                    Use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top level class
     --profile-cfuncs            Name functions for profiling
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -223,6 +225,7 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     --underline-zero            Zero signals with leading _'s
     -v <filename>               Verilog library
     -Werror-<message>           Convert warning to error
+    -Wfuture-<message>          Disable unknown message warnings
     -Wno-<message>              Disable warning
     -x-assign <mode>            Initially assign Xs to this value
     -y <dir>                    Directory to search for modules
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
 
 Specifies the Verilog file containing the top module to be Verilated.
 
-=item {file.c/cc/cpp}
+=item {file.c/.cc/.cpp/.cxx}
 
 Specifies optional C++ files to be linked in with the Verilog code.  If any
 C++ files are specified in this way, Verilator will include a make rule
@@ -252,6 +255,14 @@ linking with make rules you write yourself.
 Enable all assertions, includes enabling the --psl flag.  (If psl is not
 desired, but other assertions are, use --assert --nopsl.)
 
+See also --x-assign; setting "--x-assign unique" may be desirable.
+
+=item --autoflush
+
+After every $display or $fdisplay, flush the output stream.  This insures
+that messages will appear immediately but may reduce performance.  Defaults
+off, which will buffer output as provided by the normal C stdio calls.
+
 =item --bin I<filename>
 
 Rarely needed.  Override the default filename for Verilator itself.  When a
@@ -286,7 +297,8 @@ functions to avoid error C1061.
 
 =item --coverage
 
-Enables all forms of coverage, alias for --coverage-line, --coverage-user
+Enables all forms of coverage, alias for "--coverage-line --coverage-toggle
+--coverage-user".
 
 =item --coverage-line
 
@@ -298,22 +310,48 @@ Coverage.  At each such branch a unique counter is incremented.  At the end
 of a test, the counters along with the filename and line number
 corresponding to each counter are written into logs/coverage.pl.
 
-After running multiple tests, the vcoverage utility (from the SystemPerl
-package) is executed.  Vcoverage reads the logs/coverage.pl file(s), and
-creates an annotated source code listing showing code coverage details.
-
 Verilator automatically disables coverage of branches that have a $stop in
 them, as it is assumed $stop branches contain an error check that should
 not occur.  A /*verilator coverage_block_off*/ comment will perform a
-similar function on any code in that block or below.
+similar function on any code in that block or below, or /*verilator
+coverage_on/coverage_off*/ will disable coverage around lines of code.
 
 Note Verilator may over-count combinatorial (non-clocked) blocks when those
 blocks receive signals which have had the UNOPTFLAT warning disabled; for
 most accurate results do not disable this warning when using coverage.
 
-For an example, after running 'make test' in the Verilator distribution,
-see the test_sp/logs/coverage_source directory.  Grep for lines starting
-with '%' to see what lines Verilator believes need more coverage.
+=item --coverage-toggle
+
+Specifies signal toggle coverage analysis code should be inserted.
+
+Every bit of every signal in a module has a counter inserted.  The counter
+will increment on every edge change of the corresponding bit.
+
+Signals that are part of tasks or begin/end blocks are considered local
+variables and are not covered.  Signals that begin with underscores, are
+integers, or are very wide (>256 bits total storage across all dimensions)
+are also not covered.
+
+Hierarchy is compressed, such that if a module is instantiated multiple
+times, coverage will be summed for that bit across ALL instantiations of
+that module with the same parameter set.  A module instantiated with
+different parameter values is considered a different module, and will get
+counted separately.
+
+Verilator makes a minimally-intelligent decision about what clock domain
+the signal goes to, and only looks for edges in that clock domain.  This
+means that edges may be ignored if it is known that the edge could never be
+seen by the receiving logic.  This algorithm may improve in the future.
+The net result is coverage may be lower than what would be seen by looking
+at traces, but the coverage is a more accurate representation of the
+quality of stimulus into the design.
+
+There may be edges counted near time zero while the model stabilizes.  It's
+a good practice to zero all coverage just before releasing reset to prevent
+counting such behavior.
+
+A /*verilator coverage_off/on */ comment pair can be used around signals
+that do not need toggle analysis, such as RAMs and register files.
 
 =item --coverage-user
 
@@ -411,6 +449,12 @@ be placed in this directory.  If not specified, "obj_dir" is used.
 Specifies the name to prepend to all lower level classes.  Defaults to
 the same as --prefix.
 
+=item --no-pins64
+
+Specifies SystemC outputs of 33-64 bits wide should use sc_bv's instead of
+uint64_t's.  Uint64's are faster, but sc_bvs were the default until
+Verilator 3.671.
+
 =item --no-skip-identical
 
 Rarely needed.  Disables skipping execution of Verilator if all source
@@ -437,25 +481,23 @@ mappings of optimizations to -O letters.
 
 Enables splitting the output .cpp/.sp files into multiple outputs.  When a
 C++ file exceeds the specified number of operations, a new file will be
-created.  In addition, any slow routines will be placed into __Slow files.
-This accelerates compilation by as optimization can be disabled on the slow
-routines, and the remaining files can be compiled on parallel machines.
-Using --output-split should have only a trivial impact on performance.
-With GCC 3.3 on a 2GHz Opteron, --output-split 20000 will result in
-splitting into approximately one-minute-compile chunks.
+created at the next function boundary.  In addition, any slow routines will
+be placed into __Slow files.  This accelerates compilation by as
+optimization can be disabled on the slow routines, and the remaining files
+can be compiled on parallel machines.  Using --output-split should have
+only a trivial impact on performance.  With GCC 3.3 on a 2GHz Opteron,
+--output-split 20000 will result in splitting into approximately
+one-minute-compile chunks.
 
 =item --output-split-cfuncs I<statements>
 
 Enables splitting functions in the output .cpp/.sp files into multiple
 functions.  When a generated function exceeds the specified number of
 operations, a new function will be created.  With --output-split, this will
-enable GCC to compile faster, at a small loss in performance that increases
-with smaller statement values.
-
-=item --pins64
-
-Specifies SystemC outputs of 33-64 bits wide should use uint64_t instead of
-the backward-compatible default of sc_bv's.
+enable GCC to compile faster, at a small loss in performance that gets
+worse with decreasing split values.  Note that this option is stronger than
+--output-split in the sense that --output-split will not split inside a
+function.
 
 =item --prefix I<topname>
 
@@ -547,6 +589,14 @@ Convert the specified warning message into a error message.  This is
 generally to discourage users from violating important site-wide rules, for
 example C<-Werror-NOUNOPTFLAT>.
 
+=item -Wfuture-I<message>
+
+Suppress unknown Verilator comments or warning messages with the given
+message code.  This is used to allow code written with pragmas for a later
+version of Verilator to run under a older version; add -Wfuture- arguments
+for each message code or comment that the new version supports which the
+older version does not support.
+
 =item -Wno-I<message>
 
 Disable the specified warning message.
@@ -554,26 +604,34 @@ Disable the specified warning message.
 =item -Wno-lint
 
 Disable all lint related warning messages.  This is equivelent to
-"-Wno-CASEINCOMPLETE -Wno-CASEOVERLAP -Wno-CASEX -Wno-CMPCONST
--Wno-IMPLICIT -Wno-UNDRIVEN -Wno-UNSIGNED -Wno-UNUSED -Wno-VARHIDDEN
--Wno-WIDTH".
+"-Wno-CASEINCOMPLETE -Wno-CASEOVERLAP -Wno-CASEX -Wno-CASEWITHX
+-Wno-CMPCONST -Wno-IMPLICIT -Wno-UNDRIVEN -Wno-UNSIGNED -Wno-UNUSED
+-Wno-VARHIDDEN -Wno-WIDTH".
 
 It is strongly recommended you cleanup your code rather than using this
 option, it is only intended to be use when running test-cases of code
 received from third parties.
 
+=item -Wwarn-I<message>
+
+Enables the specified warning message.
+
 =item -x-assign 0
 
 =item -x-assign 1
 
-=item -x-assign unique  (default)
+=item -x-assign fast (default)
+
+=item -x-assign unique
 
 Controls the two-state value that is replaced when an assignment to X is
-encountered.  -x-assign=0 converts all Xs to 0s, this is the fastest.
--x-assign=1 converts all Xs to 1s, this is nearly as fast, but more likely
-to find reset bugs as active high logic will fire.  The default,
--x-assign=func will call a function to determine the value, this allows
-randomization of all Xs and is the slowest, but safest.
+encountered.  -x-assign=fast, the default, converts all Xs to whatever is
+best for performance.  -x-assign=0 converts all Xs to 0s, and is also fast.
+-x-assign=1 converts all Xs to 1s, this is nearly as fast as 0, but more
+likely to find reset bugs as active high logic will fire.  -x-assign=unique
+will call a function to determine the value, this allows randomization of
+all Xs to find reset bugs and is the slowest, but safest for finding reset
+bugs in code.
 
 =back
 
@@ -698,7 +756,7 @@ This is an example similar to the above, but using SystemPerl.
           Vour* top;
           top = new Vour("top");   // SP_CELL (top, Vour);
           top->clk(clk);           // SP_PIN  (top, clk, clk);
-          while (!Verilated::gotFinish()) { sc_start(1); }
+          while (!Verilated::gotFinish()) { sc_start(1, SC_NS); }
           exit(0);
       }
     EOF
@@ -747,10 +805,10 @@ the test_sp directory in the distribution for an example.
 
 =head1 BENCHMARKING & OPTIMIZATION
 
-For best performance, run Verilator with the "-O3 -x-assign=0 --noassert"
-flags.  The -O3 flag will require longer compile times, and -x-assign=0 may
-increase the risk of reset bugs in trade for performance; see the above
-documentation for these flags.
+For best performance, run Verilator with the "-O3 -x-assign=fast
+--noassert" flags.  The -O3 flag will require longer compile times, and
+-x-assign=fast may increase the risk of reset bugs in trade for
+performance; see the above documentation for these flags.
 
 Minor Verilog code changes can also give big wins.  You should not have any
 UNOPTFLAT warnings from Verilator.  Fixing these warnings can result in
@@ -955,11 +1013,10 @@ Verilator will convert the top level module to a SC_MODULE.  This module
 will plug directly into a SystemC netlist.
 
 The SC_MODULE gets the same pinout as the Verilog module, with the
-following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool, unless they
-are marked with `systemc_clock, in which case they become sc_clock's (for
-SystemC 1.2, not needed in SystemC 2.0).  Pins 2-32 bits wide become
-uint32_t's.  Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or uint64_t's depending on
-the -pins64 switch.  Wider pins become sc_bv's.
+following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool.  Pins 2-32
+bits wide become uint32_t's.  Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or
+uint64_t's depending on the --no-pins64 switch.  Wider pins become sc_bv's.
+(Uints simulate the fastest so are used where possible.)
 
 Lower modules are not pure SystemC code.  This is a feature, as using the
 SystemC pin interconnect scheme everywhere would reduce performance by an
@@ -1020,11 +1077,13 @@ including function call-like preprocessor defines.
 
 Verilator supports ==? and !=? operators, $bits, $countones, $error,
 $fatal, $info, $isunknown, $onehot, $onehot0, $warning, always_comb,
-always_ff, always_latch, do-while, and final.
+always_ff, always_latch, do-while, final, priority case/if, and unique
+case/if.
 
 It also supports .name and .* interconnection.
 
-Verilator partially supports assert.
+Verilator partially supports concurrent assert and cover statements; see
+the enclosed coverage tests for the syntax which is allowed.
 
 =head1 SUGAR/PSL SUPPORT
 
@@ -1065,6 +1124,10 @@ formally prove the directive to be true, or failing that, will insert the
 appropriate code to detect failing cases at runtime and print an "Assertion
 failed" error message.
 
+Verilator likewise also asserts any "unique" or "priority" SystemVerilog
+keywords on case statements.  However, "unique if" and "priority if" are
+currently simply ignored.
+
 =head1 LANGUAGE EXTENSIONS
 
 The following additional constructs are the extensions Verilator supports
@@ -1194,7 +1257,19 @@ ignored in the scheduling algorithm, improving performance.
 
 =item /*verilator coverage_block_off*/
 
-Specifies the entire begin/end block should be ignored for coverage analysis.
+Specifies the entire begin/end block should be ignored for coverage
+analysis purposes.
+
+=item /*verilator coverage_off*/
+
+Specifies that following lines of code should have coverage disabled.
+Often used to ignore an entire module for coverage analysis purposes.
+
+=item /*verilator coverage_on*/
+
+Specifies that following lines of code should have coverage reenabled (if
+appropriate --coverage flags are passed) after being disabled earlier with
+/*verilator coverage_off*/.
 
 =item /*verilator inline_module*/
 
@@ -1298,10 +1373,9 @@ Wide variables over 64 bits cannot be function returns, to avoid exposing
 complexities.  However, wide variables can be input/outputs; they will be
 passed as references to an array of 32 bit numbers.
 
-This feature is still somewhat experimental.  Generally, only the values of
-stored state (flops) should be written, as the model will NOT notice
-changes made to variables in these functions.  (Same as when a signal is
-declared public.)
+Generally, only the values of stored state (flops) should be written, as
+the model will NOT notice changes made to variables in these functions.
+(Same as when a signal is declared public.)
 
 =item /*verilator public_flat*/ (variable)
 
@@ -1322,7 +1396,9 @@ using the --public switch.
 =item /*verilator sc_clock*/
 
 Used after a input declaration to indicate the signal should be declared in
-SystemC as a sc_clock instead of a bool.
+SystemC as a sc_clock instead of a bool.  This was needed in SystemC 1.1
+and 1.2 only; versions 2.0 and later do not require clock pins to be
+sc_clocks and this is no longer needed.
 
 =item /*verilator tracing_off*/
 
@@ -1419,9 +1495,25 @@ all variables to one at startup finds most problems.
 
 =head2 Tri/Inout
 
-As a 2 state compiler, tristate and inouts are not supported.
-Traditionally only chip "cores" are Verilated, the pad rings have been
-written by hand in C++.
+Verilator converts some simple tristate structures into two state. An assignment
+of the form:
+
+    inout driver;
+    wire driver = (enable) ? output_value : 1'bz;
+    
+Will be converted to
+
+    input driver__in;     // Value being driven in from "external" drivers
+    output driver__en;    // True if driven from this module
+    output driver__enout; // Value being driven from this module
+
+Pullup, pulldown, bufif0, bufif1, notif0, notif1 are also supported.
+External logic will be needed to combine these signals with any external
+drivers.
+
+Tristate drivers are not supported inside functions and tasks; a inout
+there will be considered a two state variable that is read and written
+instead of a four state variable.
 
 =head2 Functions & Tasks
 
@@ -1525,18 +1617,27 @@ while, wire, xnor, xor
 
 Generally supported.
 
+=item priority if, unique if
+
+Priority and unique if's are treated as normal ifs and not asserted to be
+full nor unique.
+
 =item specify specparam
 
 All specify blocks and timing checks are ignored.
 
+=item timeunit, timeprecision
+
+All timing control statements are ignored.
+
 =item uwire
 
 Verilator does not perform warning checking on uwires, it treats the uwire
 keyword as if it were the normal wire keyword.
 
 =item $bits, $countones, $error, $fatal, $finish, $info, $isunknown,
-$onehot, $onehot0, $readmemb, $readmemh, $signed, $stop, $time, $unsigned,
-$warning.
+$onehot, $onehot0, $readmemb, $readmemh, $signed, $stime, $stop, $time,
+$unsigned, $warning.
 
 Generally supported.
 
@@ -1554,7 +1655,7 @@ them with a $write with the appropriate format specifier.
 
 The rarely used optional parameter to $finish and $stop is ignored.
 
-=item $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $fwrite
+=item $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $feof, $fflush, $fgetc, $fgets, $fscanf, $fwrite
 
 File descriptors passed to the file PLI calls must be file descriptors, not
 MCDs, which includes the mode parameter to $fopen being mandatory.
@@ -1564,11 +1665,22 @@ are 32 bits while FILE*s may be 64 bits, the descriptor must be stored in a
 reg [63:0] rather than an integer.  The define `verilator_file_descriptor in
 verilated.v can be used to hide this difference.
 
+=item $fscanf, $sscanf
+
+Only integer formats are supported; %e, %f, %m, %r, %v, and %z are not
+supported.
+
 =item $fullskew, $hold, $nochange, $period, $recovery, $recrem, $removal,
 $setup, $setuphold, $skew, $timeskew, $width
 
 All specify blocks and timing checks are ignored.
 
+=item $random
+
+$random does not support the optional argument to set the seed.  Use the
+srand function in C to accomplish this, and note there is only one random
+number generator (not one per module).
+
 =item $readmemb, $readmemh
 
 Read memory commands should work properly.  Note Verilator and the Verilog
@@ -1653,6 +1765,16 @@ L<http://www.sunburst-design.com/papers/CummingsSNUG1999Boston_FullParallelCase_
 Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check, it will simulate
 correctly.
 
+=item CASEWITHX
+
+Warns that a case statement contains a constant with a C<x>.  Verilator is
+two-state so interpret such items as always false.  Note a common error is
+to use a C<X> in a case or casez statement item; often what the user
+instead insteaded is to use a casez with C<?>.
+
+Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check, it will simulate
+correctly.
+
 =item CMPCONST
 
 Warns that you are comparing a value in a way that will always be constant.
@@ -1686,6 +1808,13 @@ additional ones.)
 Ignoring this warning may make Verilator simulations differ from other
 simulators.
 
+=item IMPERFECTSCH
+
+Warns that the scheduling of the model is not absolutely perfect, and some
+manual code edits may result in faster performance.  This warning defaults
+to off, and must be turned on explicitly before the top module statement is
+processed.
+
 =item IMPLICIT
 
 Warns that a wire is being implicitly declared (it is a single bit wide
@@ -1972,9 +2101,9 @@ Visual C++ Version 7 or newer, but this is not tested by the author.
 
 =item Can you provide binaries?
 
-Verilator is available as a RPM for SuSE and perhaps other systems; this is
-done by porters and may slightly lag the primary distribution.  If there
-isn't a binary build for your distribution, how about you set one up?
+Verilator is available as a RPM for SuSE, Redhat and perhaps other systems;
+this is done by porters and may slightly lag the primary distribution.  If
+there isn't a binary build for your distribution, how about you set one up?
 Please contact the authors for assistance.
 
 Note people sometimes request binaries when they are having problems with
@@ -2049,6 +2178,39 @@ Verilator makes standard VCD (Value Change Dump) files.  They are viewable
 with the public domain Dinotrace or GtkWave programs, or any of the many
 commercial offerings.
 
+=item How do I reduce the size of large waveform (trace) files?
+
+First, instead of calling SpTraceVcdCFile->open at the beginning of time,
+delay calling it until the time stamp where you want to tracing to begin.
+Likewise you can also call SpTraceVcdCFile->open before the end of time
+(perhaps a short period after you detect a verification error.)
+
+Next, add /*verilator tracing_off*/ to any very low level modules you never
+want to trace (such as perhaps library cells).  Finally, use the
+--trace-depth option to limit the depth of tracing, for example
+--trace-depth 1 to see only the top level signals.
+
+Also be sure you write your trace files to a local disk, instead of to a
+network disk.  Network disks are generally far slower.
+
+=item How do I do coverage analysis?
+
+Verilator supports both block (line) coverage and user inserted functional
+coverage.  First, run verilator with the --coverage option.  If you're
+using your own makefile, compile the model with the GCC flag
+-DSP_COVERAGE_ENABLE (if using Verilator's, it will do this for you.)
+
+Run your tests in different directories.  Each test will create a
+logs/coverage.pl file.
+
+After running all of your tests, the vcoverage utility (from the SystemPerl
+package) is executed.  Vcoverage reads the logs/coverage.pl file(s), and
+creates an annotated source code listing showing code coverage details.
+
+For an example, after running 'make test' in the Verilator distribution,
+see the test_sp/logs/coverage_source directory.  Grep for lines starting
+with '%' to see what lines Verilator believes need more coverage.
+
 =item Where is the translate_off command?  (How do I ignore a construct?)
 
 Translate on/off pragmas are generally a bad idea, as it's easy to have
@@ -2129,11 +2291,49 @@ uses one large symbol table, as that results in 2-3 less assembly
 instructions for each signal access.  This makes the execution time 10-15%
 faster, but can result in more compilations when something changes.
 
+=item How do I access functions/tasks in C?
+
+Write a Verilog function or task with input/outputs that match what you
+want to call in with C.  Then mark that function public.
+
+Verilog inputs of one bit become C++ bool inputs.  Inputs 32 bits or
+smaller become C uint32_t inputs, 64-32 bits become C uint64_t inputs, and
+wider signals become arrays of 32 bits.  Outputs are passed as references
+to bool, uint32_t, uint64_t or uint32_t[] arrays.
+
+Signals wider than 64 bits are passed as an array of 32-bit uint32_t's.
+Thus to read bits 31:0, access signal[0], and for bits 63:32, access
+signal[1].  Unused bits (for example bit numbers 65-96 of a 65 bit vector)
+will always be zero.  if you change the value you must make sure to pack
+zeros in the unused bits or core-dumps may result.  (Because Verilator
+strips array bound checks where it believes them to be unnecessary.)
+
+In the SYSTEMC example above, if you had in our.v:
+
+   task publicSetBool;
+      // verilator public
+      input in_bool;
+      var_bool = in_bool;
+   endtask
+
+From the sc_main.cpp file, you'd then:
+
+    #include "Vour.h"
+    #include "Vour_our.h"
+    top->v->publicSetBool(value);
+
+See additional notes under the /*verilator public*/ section.
+
 =item How do I access signals in C?
 
-First, declare the signals you will be accessing with a /*verilator
-public*/ comment before the closing semicolon.  Then scope into the C++
-class to read the value of the signal, as you would any other member variable.
+The best thing is to make a Verilator public task or function accessor that
+can read or write that signal, as described in the previous FAQ.  This will
+allow Verilator to better optimize the model.
+
+If you really want raw access to the signals, declare the signals you will
+be accessing with a /*verilator public*/ comment before the closing
+semicolon.  Then scope into the C++ class to read the value of the signal,
+as you would any other member variable.
 
 Signals are the smallest of 8 bit chars, 16 bit shorts, 32 bit longs, or 64
 bit long longs that fits the width of the signal.  Generally, you can use
@@ -2155,7 +2355,7 @@ From the sc_main.cpp file, you'd then:
 
     #include "Vour.h"
     #include "Vour_our.h"
-    cout << "clock is " << top->v.clk << endl;
+    cout << "clock is " << top->v->clk << endl;
 
 In this example, clk is a bool you can read or set as any other variable.
 The value of normal signals may be set, though clocks shouldn't be changed
@@ -2242,27 +2442,35 @@ faster than many popular commercial simulators.
 Many people have provided ideas and other assistance with Verilator.
 
 The major corporate sponsors of Verilator, by providing funds or equipment
-grants, are Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maker
-Communications, Sun Microsystems, Nauticus Networks, and SiCortex.
+grants include Compaq Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel
+Corporation, Maker Communications, MicroTune Inc., Sun Microsystems,
+Nauticus Networks, and SiCortex Inc.
 
-The people who have contributed code or other major functionality are Paul
-Wasson, Duane Galbi, and Wilson Snyder.  Major testers include Jeff Dutton,
-Ralf Karge, David Hewson, Wim Michiels, and Gene Weber.
+The people who have contributed code or other major functionality are Lane
+Brooks, Duane Galbi, Paul Wasson, and Wilson Snyder.  Major testers include
+Jeff Dutton, Ralf Karge, David Hewson, Wim Michiels, and Gene Weber.
 
 Some of the people who have provided ideas and feedback for Verilator
-include Hans Van Antwerpen, Jens Arm, David Black, Gregg Bouchard, Chris
-Boumenot, John Brownlee, Lauren Carlson, Robert A. Clark, John Deroo, Danny
-Ding, Jeff Dutton, Eugen Fekete, Sam Gladstone, Thomas Hawkins, Mike Kagen,
-Ralf Karge, Dan Katz, Sol Katzman, Gernot Koch, Steve Kolecki, Steve Lang,
-Charlie Lind, Dan Lussier, Fred Ma, Wim Michiels, John Murphy, Richard
-Myers, Paul Nitza, Lisa Noack, Renga Sundararajan, Shawn Wang, Greg Waters,
-Eugene Weber, Leon Wildman, and Mat Zeno.
+include David Addison, Hans Van Antwerpen, Vasu Arasanipalai, Jens Arm,
+Jeremy Bennett, David Black, Gregg Bouchard, Chris Boumenot, Bryan Brady,
+Lane Brooks, John Brownlee, Lauren Carlson, Robert A. Clark, Allan
+Cochrane, Gunter Dannoritzer, Bernard Deadman, John Deroo, John Dickol,
+Danny Ding, Jeff Dutton, Robert Farrell, Eugen Fekete, Sam Gladstone,
+Thomas Hawkins, David Hewson, Jae Hossell, Ben Jackson, Mike Kagen,
+Patricio Kaplan, Ralf Karge, Dan Katz, Sol Katzman, Jonathan Kimmitt,
+Gernot Koch, Steve Kolecki, Steve Lang, Stephane Laurent, Charlie Lind, Dan
+Lussier, Fred Ma, Wim Michiels, John Murphy, Richard Myers, Paul Nitza,
+Lisa Noack, Mark Nodine, Niranjan Prabhu, Oleg Rodionov, Mike Shinkarovsky,
+Rafael Shirakawa, Rodney Sinclair, John Stroebel, Emerson Suguimoto, Renga
+Sundararajan, Stefan Thiede, Steve Tong, Holger Waechtler, Shawn Wang, Greg
+Waters, Eugene Weber, Leon Wildman, Gerald Williams, Johan Wouters, and
+Ding Xiaoliang.
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
 The latest version is available from L<http://www.veripool.org/>.
 
-Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  Verilator is free software; you can
+Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  Verilator is free software; you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU Lesser
 General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

bin/verilator_difftree

@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 : # -*-Mode: perl;-*- use perl, wherever it is
 eval 'exec perl -wS $0 ${1+"$@"}'
   if 0;
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -32,14 +21,16 @@ use vars qw ($Debug);
 $Debug = 0;
 my $Opt_A;
 my $Opt_B;
+my $Opt_Lineno = 1;
 autoflush STDOUT 1;
 autoflush STDERR 1;
 Getopt::Long::config ("no_auto_abbrev");
 if (! GetOptions (
-		  "help"	=> \&usage,
-		  "debug"	=> \&debug,
-		  "<>"		=> \&parameter,
-		  )) {
+	  "help"	=> \&usage,
+	  "debug"	=> \&debug,
+	  "<>"		=> \&parameter,
+	  "lineno!"	=> \$Opt_Lineno,
+    )) {
     die "%Error: Bad usage, try 'verilator_difftree --help'\n";
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +96,7 @@ sub filter {
 	next if $line =~ / This=/;
 	$line =~ s/0x[a-f0-9]+/0x/g;
 	$line =~ s/<e[0-9]+\#?>/<e>/g;
+	$line =~ s/{\d+}/{}/g if !$Opt_Lineno;
 	print $f2 $line;
     }
     $f1->close;
@@ -172,13 +164,17 @@ directories, ignoring irrelevant pointer differences.
 
 Displays this message and program version and exits.
 
+=item --nolineno
+
+Do not show differences in line numbering.
+
 =back
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
 The latest version is available from L<http://www.veripool.org/verilator>.
 
-Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

bin/verilator_includer

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ eval 'exec perl -wS $0 ${1+"$@"}'
   if 0;
 # DESCRIPTION: Print include statements for each ARGV
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 ######################################################################

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 : # -*-Mode: perl;-*- use perl, wherever it is
 eval 'exec perl -wS $0 ${1+"$@"}'
   if 0;
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -20,6 +9,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use IO::File;
 use Pod::Usage;
+eval { use Data::Dumper;  $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1; }; # Debug, ok if missing
 use strict;
 use vars qw ($Debug);
 
@@ -76,7 +66,8 @@ sub profcfunc {
     my %funcs;
 
     while (defined (my $line=$fh->getline())) {
-	if ($line =~ /^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+([0-9.]+)\s+.*\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
+	#                  %time      cumesec   selfsec     calls     {stuff}   name
+	if ($line =~ /^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+([0-9.]+)\s+[^a-zA-Z_]*([a-zA-Z_].*)$/) {
 	    my $pct=$1; my $sec=$2; my $calls=$3; my $func=$4;
 	    $funcs{$func}{pct} += $pct;
 	    $funcs{$func}{sec} += $sec;
@@ -86,47 +77,75 @@ sub profcfunc {
     $fh->close;
 
     # Find modules
+    my %pointer_mods;
     my %verilated_mods;
     foreach my $func (keys %funcs) {
-	if ($func =~ /(.*)::_eval\(.*__Syms.*\)$/) {
+	if ($func =~ /(.*)::_eval\(([a-zA-Z_0-9]+__Syms).*\)$/) {
 	    $verilated_mods{$1} = qr/^$1/;
+	    $pointer_mods{$2} = $1;
 	}
     }
+    #print Dumper(\%pointer_mods, \%verilated_mods);
 
     # Resort by Verilog name
     my %vfuncs;
     my %groups;
     foreach my $func (keys %funcs) {
+	my $pct = $funcs{$func}{pct};
 	my $vfunc = $func;
 	my $design;
+
+	if ($func =~ /\(([a-zA-Z_0-9]+__Syms)/) {
+	    $design = $pointer_mods{$1};
+	}
+
 	foreach my $vde (keys %verilated_mods) {
+	    last if $design;
 	    if ($func =~ /$verilated_mods{$vde}/) {
 		$design=$vde;
 		last;
 	    }
 	}
-	if ($vfunc =~ /__PROF__([a-zA-Z_0-9]+)__([0-9]+)\(/) {
+
+	if ($vfunc =~ /__PROF__([a-zA-Z_0-9]+)__l?([0-9]+)\(/) {
 	    $vfunc     = sprintf("VBlock    %s:%d", $1, $2);
-	    $groups{"Verilog Blocks under $design"} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+	    $groups{type}{"Verilog Blocks under $design"} += $pct;
+	    $groups{design}{$design} += $pct;
+	    $groups{module}{$1} += $pct;
 	} else {
 	    if ($design) {
 		$vfunc = sprintf("VCommon   %s", $func);
-		$groups{"Common code under $design"} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+		$groups{type}{"Common code under $design"} += $pct;
+		$groups{design}{$design} += $pct;
+		$groups{module}{$design." common code"} += $pct;
 	    } else {
 		$vfunc = sprintf("C++       %s", $func);
-		$groups{'C++'} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+		$groups{type}{'C++'} += $pct;
+		$groups{design}{'C++'} += $pct;
+		$groups{module}{'C++'} += $pct;
 	    }
 	}
 	$vfuncs{$vfunc} = $funcs{$func};
     }
 
-    print("Overall summary:\n");
-    print("  % time\n");
-    foreach (sort (keys %groups)) {
-	printf("  %6.2f  In all %s\n", $groups{$_}, $_);
-    }
-    print("\n");
 
+    foreach my $type qw(type design module) {
+	my $missing = 100;
+	foreach (sort (keys %{$groups{$type}})) {
+	    $missing -= $groups{$type}{$_};
+	}
+	if ($missing) {
+	    $groups{$type}{"\377Unaccounted for/rounding error"} = $missing;
+	}
+
+	print("Overall summary by $type:\n");
+	printf("  %-6s  %s\n","% time",$type);
+	foreach my $what (sort (keys %{$groups{$type}})) {
+	    (my $pwhat = $what) =~ s/^\377//;  # Just used to establish sort order
+	    printf("  %6.2f  %s\n", $groups{$type}{$what}, $pwhat);
+	}
+	print("\n");
+    }
 
     print("Verilog code profile:\n");
     print("   These are split into three categories:\n");
@@ -189,7 +208,7 @@ Displays this message and program version and exits.
 
 The latest version is available from L<http://www.veripool.org/>.
 
-Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2007-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

configure.ac

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 dnl DESCRIPTION: Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-dnl Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+dnl Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 dnl redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 dnl General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

include/verilated.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // -*- C++ -*-
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 //=========================================================================
 
 #include "verilated.h"
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
+#include <cctype>
 
 #define VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH 1024	///< Max static char array for VL_VALUE_STRING
 
@@ -80,23 +79,43 @@ IData VL_RAND32() {
 #endif
 }
 
-IData VL_RAND_RESET_I(int outBits) {
+IData VL_RANDOM_I(int obits) {
+    return VL_RAND32() & VL_MASK_I(obits);
+}
+
+QData VL_RANDOM_Q(int obits) {
+    QData data = ((QData)VL_RAND32()<<VL_ULL(32)) | (QData)VL_RAND32();
+    return data & VL_MASK_Q(obits);
+}
+
+WDataOutP VL_RANDOM_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp) {
+    for (int i=0; i<VL_WORDS_I(obits); i++) {
+	if (i<(VL_WORDS_I(obits)-1)) {
+	    outwp[i] = VL_RAND32();
+	} else {
+	    outwp[i] = VL_RAND32() & VL_MASK_I(obits);
+	}
+    }
+    return outwp;
+}
+
+IData VL_RAND_RESET_I(int obits) {
     if (Verilated::randReset()==0) return 0;
     IData data = ~0;
     if (Verilated::randReset()!=1) {	// if 2, randomize
-	data = VL_RAND32();
+	data = VL_RANDOM_I(obits);
     }
-    if (outBits<32) data &= VL_MASK_I(outBits);
+    if (obits<32) data &= VL_MASK_I(obits);
     return data;
 }
 
-QData VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int outBits) {
+QData VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int obits) {
     if (Verilated::randReset()==0) return 0;
     QData data = VL_ULL(~0);
     if (Verilated::randReset()!=1) {	// if 2, randomize
-	data = ((QData)VL_RAND32()<<VL_ULL(32)) | (QData)VL_RAND32();
+	data = VL_RANDOM_Q(obits);
     }
-    if (outBits<64) data &= VL_MASK_Q(outBits);
+    if (obits<64) data &= VL_MASK_Q(obits);
     return data;
 }
 
@@ -119,94 +138,368 @@ WDataOutP VL_ZERO_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp) {
 //===========================================================================
 // Formatting
 
-const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, QData ld) {
-    // Convert value into %b/%o/%x/%s/%u/%d formatted string
-    // Note uses a single buffer; presumes only one call per printf
-    static VL_THREAD char str[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
-    char* strp = &str[0];
-    int lsb=obits-1;
-    if (drop0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_Q(ld,lsb)) lsb--;
-    switch (fmt) {
-    case 'd':
-	sprintf(str,"%lld",(vlsint64_t)(VL_EXTENDS_QQ(obits,obits,ld)));
-	return str;
-    case 'u':
-	sprintf(str,"%llu",ld);
-	return str;
-    case 's':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 0xff;
-	    *strp++ = (charval==0)?' ':charval;
+// Do a va_arg returning a quad, assuming input argument is anything less than wide
+#define _VL_VA_ARG_Q(ap, bits) (((bits) <= VL_WORDSIZE) ? va_arg(ap,IData) : va_arg(ap,QData))
+
+void _vl_vsformat(string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) {
+    // Format a Verilog $write style format into the output list
+    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
+    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
+    //
+    // Note uses a single buffer internally; presumes only one usage per printf
+    // Note also assumes variables < 64 are not wide, this assumption is
+    // sometimes not true in low-level routines written here in verilated.cpp
+    static VL_THREAD char tmp[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
+    bool inPct = false;
+    bool widthSet = false;
+    int width = 0;
+    const char* pos = formatp;
+    for (; *pos; ++pos) {
+	if (!inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
+	    inPct = true;
+	    widthSet = false;
+	    width = 0;
+	} else if (!inPct) {   // Normal text
+	    // Fast-forward to next escape and add to output
+	    const char *ep = pos;
+	    while (ep[0] && ep[0]!='%') ep++;
+	    if (ep != pos) {
+		output += string(pos, ep-pos);
+		pos += ep-pos-1;
+	    }
+	} else { // Format character
+	    inPct = false;
+	    char fmt = pos[0];
+	    switch (fmt) {
+	    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+	    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		inPct = true;  // Get more digits
+		widthSet = true;
+		width = width*10 + (fmt - '0');
+		break;
+	    case '%':
+		output += '%';
+		break;
+	    case 'S': { // "C" string
+		const char* cstrp = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+		output += cstrp;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+		// Deal with all read-and-print somethings
+		const int lbits = va_arg(ap, int);
+		QData ld = 0;
+		WDataInP lwp;
+		if (lbits <= VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    WData qlwp[2];
+		    ld = _VL_VA_ARG_Q(ap, lbits);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(qlwp,ld);
+		    lwp = qlwp;
+		} else {
+		    lwp = va_arg(ap,WDataInP);
+		    ld = lwp[0];
+		    if (fmt == 'u' || fmt == 'd') fmt = 'x';  // Not supported, but show something
+		}
+		int lsb=lbits-1;
+		if (widthSet && width==0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_W(lwp,lsb)) lsb--;
+		switch (fmt) {
+		case 'c': {
+		    IData charval = ld & 0xff;
+		    output += charval;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 's':
+		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
+			lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8; // Next digit
+			IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xff;
+			output += (charval==0)?' ':charval;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		case 'd': { // Signed decimal
+		    int digits=sprintf(tmp,"%lld",(vlsint64_t)(VL_EXTENDS_QQ(lbits,lbits,ld)));
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'u': { // Unsigned decimal
+		    int digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu",ld);
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 't': { // Time
+		    int digits;
+		    if (VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER==1) {
+			digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu",ld);
+		    } else if (VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER==1000) {
+			digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu.%03llu",
+				       (QData)(ld/VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER),
+				       (QData)(ld%VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER));
+		    } else {
+			vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"","%%Error: Unsupported VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER");
+		    }
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'b':
+		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
+			output += ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
+		    }
+		    break;
+		case 'o':
+		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
+			lsb = (lsb / 3) * 3; // Next digit
+			// Octal numbers may span more than one wide word,
+			// so we need to grab each bit separately and check for overrun
+			// Octal is rare, so we'll do it a slow simple way
+			output += ('0'
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+0)) ? 1 : 0)
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+1)) ? 2 : 0)
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+2)) ? 4 : 0));
+		    }
+		    break;
+		case 'x':
+		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
+			lsb = (lsb / 4) * 4; // Next digit
+			IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xf;
+			output += "0123456789abcdef"[charval];
+		    }
+		    break;
+		default:
+		    string msg = string("%%Error: Unknown _vl_vsformat code: ")+pos[0]+"\n";
+		    vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"",msg.c_str());
+		    break;
+		} // switch
+	    }
+	    } // switch
 	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'b':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    *strp++ = ((ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'o':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 3) * 3; // Next digit
-	    *strp++ = ((ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 7) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    default:
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 4) * 4; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 0xf;
-	    *strp++ = (charval + ((charval < 10) ? '0':('a'-10)));
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
     }
-    *strp++ = '\0';
-    return str;
 }
 
-const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_W(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, WDataInP lwp) {
-    // Convert value into %b/%o/%x/%s/%u/%d formatted string
-    // Note uses a single buffer; presumes only one call per printf
-    static VL_THREAD char str[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
-    char* strp = &str[0];
-    int lsb=obits-1;
-    if (drop0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_W(lwp,lsb)) lsb--;
-    switch (fmt) {
-    case 's':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xff;
-	    *strp++ = (charval==0)?' ':charval;
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'b':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    *strp++ = ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'o':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 3) * 3; // Next digit
-	    *strp++ = ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 7) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    default:
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 4) * 4; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xf;
-	    *strp++ = (charval + ((charval < 10) ? '0':('a'-10)));
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
+static inline bool _vl_vsss_eof(FILE* fp, int& floc) {
+    return fp ? feof(fp) : (floc<0);
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_advance(FILE* fp, int& floc) {
+    if (fp) fgetc(fp);
+    else floc -= 8;
+}
+static inline int  _vl_vsss_peek(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp) {
+    // Get a character without advancing
+    if (fp) {
+	int data = fgetc(fp);
+	if (data == EOF) return EOF;
+	ungetc(data,fp);
+	return data;
+    } else {
+	if (floc < 0) return EOF;
+	floc = floc & ~7;	// Align to closest character
+	int data = (fromp[VL_BITWORD_I(floc)] >> VL_BITBIT_I(floc)) & 0xff;
+	return data;
     }
-    *strp++ = '\0';
-    return str;
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_skipspace(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp) {
+    while (1) {
+	int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp, floc, fromp);
+	if (c==EOF || !isspace(c)) return;
+	_vl_vsss_advance(fp, floc);
+    }
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_read(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp,
+				 char* tmpp, const char* acceptp) {
+    // Read into tmp, consisting of characters from acceptp list
+    char* cp = tmpp;
+    while (1) {
+	int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp, floc, fromp);
+	if (c==EOF || isspace(c)) break;
+	if (acceptp!=NULL // String - allow anything
+	    && NULL==strchr(acceptp, c)) break;
+	if (acceptp!=NULL) c = tolower(c); // Non-strings we'll simplify
+	*cp++ = c;
+	_vl_vsss_advance(fp, floc);
+    }
+    *cp++ = '\0';
+    //VL_PRINTF("\t_read got='%s'\n", tmpp);
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_setbit(WDataOutP owp, int obits, int lsb, int nbits, IData ld) {
+    for (; nbits && lsb<obits; nbits--, lsb++, ld>>=1) {
+	VL_ASSIGNBIT_WI(0, lsb, owp, ld & 1);
+    }
+}
+
+IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
+		  int fbits, WDataInP fromp,  // Else if a sscanf
+		  const char* formatp, va_list ap) {
+    // Read a Verilog $sscanf/$fscanf style format into the output list
+    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
+    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
+    static VL_THREAD char tmp[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
+    int floc = fbits - 1;
+    IData got = 0;
+    bool inPct = false;
+    const char* pos = formatp;
+    for (; *pos && !_vl_vsss_eof(fp,floc); ++pos) {
+	//VL_PRINTF("_vlscan fmt='%c' floc=%d file='%c'\n", pos[0], floc, _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp));
+	if (!inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
+	    inPct = true;
+	} else if (!inPct && isspace(pos[0])) {   // Format spaces
+	    while (isspace(pos[1])) pos++;
+	    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+	} else if (!inPct) {   // Expected Format
+	    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+	    int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+	    if (c != pos[0]) goto done;
+	    else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+	} else { // Format character
+	    // Skip loading spaces
+	    inPct = false;
+	    char fmt = pos[0];
+	    switch (fmt) {
+	    case '%': {
+		int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+		if (c != '%') goto done;
+		else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+		// Deal with all read-and-scan somethings
+		// Note LSBs are preserved if there's an overflow
+		const int obits = va_arg(ap, int);
+		int lsb = 0;
+		WData qowp[2];
+		WDataOutP owp = qowp;
+		if (obits > VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    owp = va_arg(ap,WDataOutP);
+		}
+		for (int i=0; i<VL_WORDS_I(obits); i++) owp[i] = 0;
+		switch (fmt) {
+		case 'c': {
+		    int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    if (c==EOF) goto done;
+		    else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+		    owp[0] = c;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 's': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, NULL);
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			_vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 8, tmp[pos]); lsb+=8;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'd': { // Signed decimal
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789+-xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    vlsint64_t ld;
+		    sscanf(tmp,"%lld",&ld);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(owp,ld);
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 't': // FALLTHRU  // Time
+		case 'u': { // Unsigned decimal
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789+-xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    QData ld;
+		    sscanf(tmp,"%llu",&ld);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(owp,ld);
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'b': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "01xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb++; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 1, 1); lsb++; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'o': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "01234567xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb+=3; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 1); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '2': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 2); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '3': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 3); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '4': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 4); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '5': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 5); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '6': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 6); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '7': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 7); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'x': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789abcdefxz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb+=4; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  1); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '2': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  2); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '3': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  3); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '4': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  4); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '5': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  5); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '6': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  6); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '7': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  7); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '8': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  8); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '9': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  9); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'a': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 10); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'b': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 11); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'c': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 12); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'd': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 13); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'e': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 14); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'f': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 15); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		default:
+		    string msg = string("%%Error: Unknown _vl_vsscanf code: ")+pos[0]+"\n";
+		    vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"",msg.c_str());
+		    break;
+		} // switch
+
+		got++;
+		// Reload data if non-wide (if wide, we put it in the right place directly)
+		if (obits <= VL_BYTESIZE) {
+		    CData* p = va_arg(ap,CData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_SHORTSIZE) {
+		    SData* p = va_arg(ap,SData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_WORDSIZE) {
+		    IData* p = va_arg(ap,IData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    QData* p = va_arg(ap,QData*); *p = VL_SET_QW(owp);
+		}
+	    }
+	    } // switch
+	}
+    }
+  done:
+    return got;
 }
 
 //===========================================================================
@@ -228,6 +521,44 @@ void _VL_VINT_TO_STRING(int obits, char* destoutp, WDataInP sourcep) {
     while (isspace(*(destp-1)) && destp>destoutp) *--destp = '\0';  // Drop trailing spaces
 }
 
+void _VL_STRING_TO_VINT(int obits, void* destp, int srclen, const char* srcp) {
+    // Convert C string to Verilog format
+    int bytes = VL_BYTES_I(obits);
+    char* op = ((char*)(destp));
+    if (srclen > bytes) srclen = bytes;  // Don't overflow destination
+    int i;
+    for (i=0; i<srclen; i++) { *op++ = srcp[srclen-1-i]; }
+    for (; i<bytes; i++) { *op++ = 0; }
+}
+
+IData VL_FGETS_IXQ(int obits, void* destp, QData fpq) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return 0;
+
+    // The string needs to be padded with 0's in unused spaces in front of
+    // any read data.  This means we can't know in what location the first
+    // character will finally live, so we need to copy.  Yuk.
+    IData bytes = VL_BYTES_I(obits);
+    char buffer[VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS*VL_WORDSIZE+1];
+    // V3Emit has static check that bytes < VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS, but be safe
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(bytes > VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS*VL_WORDSIZE)) {
+	vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"","Internal: fgets buffer overrun");
+    }
+
+    // We don't use fgets, as we must read \0s.
+    IData got = 0;
+    char* cp = buffer;
+    while (got < bytes) {
+	int c = getc(fp);
+	if (c==EOF) break;
+	*cp++ = c;  got++;
+	if (c=='\n') break;
+    }
+
+    _VL_STRING_TO_VINT(obits, destp, got, buffer);
+    return got;
+}
+
 QData VL_FOPEN_QI(QData filename, IData mode) {
     IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, filename);
     return VL_FOPEN_WI(2, fnw, mode);
@@ -240,6 +571,67 @@ QData VL_FOPEN_WI(int fnwords, WDataInP filenamep, IData mode) {
     return VL_CVT_FP_Q(fopen(filenamez,modez));
 }
 
+void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    string output;
+    _vl_vsformat(output, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    // Users can redefine VL_PRINTF if they wish.
+    VL_PRINTF("%s", output.c_str());
+}
+
+void VL_FWRITEF(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return;
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    string output;
+    _vl_vsformat(output, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    fputs(output.c_str(), fp);
+}
+
+IData VL_FSCANF_IX(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return 0;
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(fp, 0, NULL, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+
+IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WI(fnw, ld);
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, fnw, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, ld);
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, fnw, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, WDataInP lwp, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, lwp, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+
 void VL_READMEM_Q(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int,
 		  QData ofilename, void* memp, IData start, IData end) {
     IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, ofilename);

include/verilated.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // -*- C++ -*-
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
 
 #include "verilatedos.h"
 
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -179,21 +179,21 @@ extern void vl_fatal  (const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier,
 		       const char* msg);
 
 //=========================================================================
-// Extern functions -- Init time only, so slow is fine
+// Extern functions -- Slow path
 
+extern IData  VL_RANDOM_I(int obits);	///< Randomize a signal
+extern QData  VL_RANDOM_Q(int obits);	///< Randomize a signal
+extern WDataOutP VL_RANDOM_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Randomize a signal
+
+/// Init time only, so slow is fine
 extern IData  VL_RAND_RESET_I(int obits);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern QData  VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int obits);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern WDataOutP VL_RAND_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern WDataOutP VL_ZERO_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Zero reset a signal
 
-/// Return string with formated Verilog value
-extern const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_W(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, WDataInP lwp);
-extern const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, QData ld);
-inline const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_I(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, IData ld) {
-    return VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(obits,fmt,drop0,ld);
-}
-
 /// File I/O
+extern IData VL_FGETS_IXQ(int sbits, void* strgp, QData fpq);
+
 extern QData VL_FOPEN_WI(int fnwords, WDataInP ofilename, IData mode);
 extern QData VL_FOPEN_QI(QData ofilename, IData mode);
 inline QData VL_FOPEN_II(IData ofilename, IData mode) { return VL_FOPEN_QI(ofilename,mode); }
@@ -206,6 +206,14 @@ inline void VL_READMEM_I(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int fnwo
 			 IData ofilename,    void* memp, IData start, IData end) {
     VL_READMEM_Q(hex, width,depth,array_lsb,fnwords, ofilename,memp,start,end); }
 
+extern void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...);
+extern void VL_FWRITEF(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...);
+
+extern IData VL_FSCANF_IX(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, WDataInP lwp, const char* formatp, ...);
+
 //=========================================================================
 // Base macros
 
@@ -213,9 +221,12 @@ inline void VL_READMEM_I(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int fnwo
 #define VL_BITISSET_I(data,bit) (data & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
 #define VL_BITISSET_Q(data,bit) (data & (VL_ULL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_Q(bit)))
 #define VL_BITISSET_W(data,bit) (data[VL_BITWORD_I(bit)] & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
+#define VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(data,width,bit) (((bit)<(width)) && data[VL_BITWORD_I(bit)] & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
 
 /// Create two 32-bit words from quadword
-#define VL_SET_WQ(decl,data)	{ decl[0]=(data); decl[1]=((data)>>VL_WORDSIZE); }
+#define VL_SET_WQ(owp,data)	{ owp[0]=(data); owp[1]=((data)>>VL_WORDSIZE); }
+#define VL_SET_WI(owp,data)	{ owp[0]=(data); owp[1]=0; }
+#define VL_SET_QW(lwp)		( ((QData)(lwp[0])) | ((QData)(lwp[1])<<((QData)(VL_WORDSIZE)) ))
 
 // Use a union to avoid cast-to-different-size warnings
 /// Return FILE* from QData
@@ -244,13 +255,17 @@ static inline void _VL_DEBUG_PRINT_W(int lbits, WDataInP iwp) {
 //=========================================================================
 // Pli macros
 
+#ifndef VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER
+# define VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER 1
+#endif
+
 /// Return current simulation time
 #if defined(SYSTEMC_VERSION) && (SYSTEMC_VERSION>20011000)
-# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units())
-# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units())
+# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)(sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
+# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)(sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
 #else
-# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)sc_time_stamp())
-# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)sc_time_stamp())
+# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)(sc_time_stamp()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
+# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)(sc_time_stamp()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
 extern double sc_time_stamp();
 #endif
 

include/verilated.mk.in

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ######################################################################
 # DESCRIPTION: Makefile commands for all verilated target files
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 ######################################################################
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ VK_CPPFLAGS_ALWAYS += \
 		-I$(VERILATOR_ROOT)/include \
 		-DVL_PRINTF=printf \
 		-DVM_TRACE=$(VM_TRACE) \
+		-DVM_COVERAGE=$(VM_COVERAGE) \
 
 ifeq ($(VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE),1)	# Local... Else don't burden users
 VK_CPPFLAGS_WALL += -Wall \

include/verilated.v

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

include/verilatedos.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // -*- C++ -*-
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ typedef long  			vlsint32_t;	///< 32-bit signed type
 typedef unsigned long           vluint32_t;	///< 32-bit unsigned type
 typedef long long		vlsint64_t;	///< 64-bit signed type
 typedef unsigned long long      vluint64_t;	///< 64-bit unsigned type
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
 typedef unsigned char           uint8_t;	///< 8-bit unsigned type (backward compatibility)
 typedef unsigned short int      uint16_t;	///< 16-bit unsigned type (backward compatibility)
-typedef unsigned long           uint32_t;	///< 32-bit unsigned type (backward compatibility)
+typedef unsigned int		uint32_t;	///< 32-bit unsigned type (backward compatibility)
 typedef unsigned char           vluint8_t;	///< 8-bit unsigned type
 typedef unsigned short int      vluint16_t;	///< 16-bit unsigned type
 typedef int			vlsint32_t;	///< 32-bit signed type
@@ -110,10 +110,14 @@ typedef unsigned long long	vluint64_t;	///< 64-bit unsigned type
 //=========================================================================
 // Integer size macros
 
+#define VL_BYTESIZE 8			///< Bits in a byte
+#define VL_SHORTSIZE 16			///< Bits in a short
 #define VL_WORDSIZE 32			///< Bits in a word
 #define VL_QUADSIZE 64			///< Bits in a quadword
 #define VL_WORDSIZE_LOG2 5		///< log2(VL_WORDSIZE)
 
+/// Bytes this number of bits needs (1 bit=1 byte)
+#define VL_BYTES_I(nbits) (((nbits)+(VL_BYTESIZE-1))/VL_BYTESIZE)
 /// Words this number of bits needs (1 bit=1 word)
 #define VL_WORDS_I(nbits) (((nbits)+(VL_WORDSIZE-1))/VL_WORDSIZE)
 

nodist/bisonreader

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
 ######################################################################
 #
-# Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder.
+# Copyright 2007-2009 by Wilson Snyder.
 #
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the

nodist/dot_importer

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -154,7 +143,7 @@ Displays this message and program version and exits.
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
-Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

nodist/dot_pruner

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -195,7 +184,7 @@ Displays this message and program version and exits.
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
-Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

nodist/invoke_iccr

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
+######################################################################
+
+require 5.006_001;
+use strict;
+
+#======================================================================
+# main
+
+delete $ENV{MODULE_VERSION};
+_setup_modules();
+module('add','cadence_verif');
+exec('iccr',@ARGV);
+
+#######################################################################
+# Modules package
+
+sub _setup_modules {
+    # Load the 'module' command into the environment
+    my $init = "/sicortex/$ENV{DIRPROJECT_ARCH}/lib/Modules/default/init/perl";
+    (-f $init) or die "%Error: Script not found: $init,";
+    require $init;
+}
+
+#######################################################################
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+invoke_iccr - Invoke tool under "modules" command
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  invoke_iccr  {ncv arguments}
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+=head1 DISTRIBUTION
+
+Copyright 2007-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+=cut
+
+######################################################################
+### Local Variables:
+### compile-command: "./invoke_iccr -help"
+### End:

nodist/invoke_ncverilog

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -51,7 +40,7 @@ invoke_ncverilog - Invoke tool under "modules" command
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
-Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2007-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

nodist/vtree_importer

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -342,7 +331,7 @@ Displays this message and program version and exits.
 
 =head1 DISTRIBUTION
 
-Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
 can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 

readme.texi

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ This is the Verilator Package.
 @node Copyright, Description, Top, Top
 @section Copyright
 
-This package is Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder @email{wsnyder@@wsnyder.org}.
+This package is Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder @email{wsnyder@@wsnyder.org}.
 
 You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License
 or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.

src/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+*~
 *.old
 config_build.h
 Makefile

src/0CodeNotes.pod

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Verilator Source Code Notes
+
+=head1 INTRODUCTION
+
+See also the Verilator internals presentation at http://www.veripool.org.
+
+=head1 VISITOR FUNCTIONS
+
+=head2 Passing Variables
+
+There's three ways data is passed between visitor functions.
+
+1. A visitor-class member variable.  This is generally for passing "parent"
+information down to children.  m_modp is a common example.  It's set to
+NULL in the constructor, where that node (AstModule visitor) sets it, then
+the children are iterated, then it's cleared.  Children under an AstModule
+will see it set, while nodes elsewhere will see it clear.  If there can be
+nested items (for example an AstFor under an AstFor) the variable needs to
+be save-set-restored in the AstFor visitor, otherwise exiting the lower for
+will loose the upper for's setting.
+
+2. User() attributes.  Each node has 4 ->user() number or ->userp() pointer
+utility values (a common technique lifted from graph traversal packages).
+A visitor first clears the one it wants to use by calling
+AstNode::user#ClearTree(), then it can mark any node's user() with whatever
+data it wants.  Readers just call nodep->user(), but may need to cast
+appropriately, so you'll often see nodep->userp()->castSOMETYPE().  At the
+top of each visitor are comments describing how the user() stuff applies to
+that visitor class.  For example:
+
+    // NODE STATE
+    // Cleared entire netlist
+    //   AstModule::user1p()     // bool. True to inline this module
+
+This says that at the AstNetlist user1ClearTree() is called.  Each
+AstModule's is user1() is used to indicate if we're going to inline it.
+
+These comments are important to make sure a user#() on a given AstNode type
+is never being used for two different purposes.
+
+Note that calling user#ClearTree is fast, it doesn't walk the tree, so it's
+ok to call fairly often.  For example, it's commonly called on every
+module.
+
+3. Parameters can be passed between the visitors in close to the "normal"
+function caller to callee way.  This is the second "vup" parameter that is
+ignored on most of the visitor functions.  V3Width does this, but it proved
+more messy than the above and is deprecated.  (V3Width was nearly the first
+module written.  Someday this scheme may be removed, as it slows the
+program down to have to pass vup everywhere.)
+
+=head1 DEBUGGING WITH GDB
+
+The test_regress/driver.pl script accepts --gdb to start Verilator under
+gdb.
+
+To break at a specific edit number which changed a node (presumably to find
+what made a <e####> line in the tree dumps):
+
+   watch AstNode::s_editCntGbl==####
+
+=head1 DISTRIBUTION
+
+Copyright 2008-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you
+can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.

src/Makefile.in

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 #
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ export OBJCACHE_JOBS := -j $(shell objcache --jobs "$(OBJCACHE_HOSTS)")
 export OBJCACHE := @objcache --read --write
 endif
 
+UNDER_GIT = $(wildcard ../.git)
+
+#*********************************************************************
+
 obj_opt:
 	mkdir $@
 obj_dbg:
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ dbg: ../verilator_bin_dbg
 
 prefiles::
 
-ifeq ($(VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE),1)	# Local... Else don't burden users
+ifneq ($(UNDER_GIT),)	# If local git tree... Else don't burden users
 prefiles:: config_rev.h
 # This output goes into srcdir, as we need to distribute it as part of the kit.
 config_rev.h:	config_rev.pl ../.git/index

src/Makefile_obj.in

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
-# Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+# Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 # redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 # General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 #
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ LEX = @LEX@
 LFLAGS = -d
 PERL = @PERL@
 YACC = @YACC@
-YFLAGS = -y -d -v
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 
@@ -98,6 +97,7 @@ endif
 HEADERS = $(wildcard V*.h v*.h)
 
 ASTGEN = $(srcdir)/astgen
+BISONPRE = $(srcdir)/bisonpre
 
 ######################################################################
 #### Top level
@@ -136,10 +136,12 @@ RAW_OBJS = \
 	V3Cast.o \
 	V3Changed.o \
 	V3Clean.o \
+	V3ClkGater.o \
 	V3Clock.o \
 	V3Combine.o \
 	V3Const__gen.o \
 	V3Coverage.o \
+	V3CoverageJoin.o \
 	V3Dead.o \
 	V3Delayed.o \
 	V3Depth.o \
@@ -191,6 +193,7 @@ RAW_OBJS = \
 	V3Task.o \
 	V3Trace.o \
 	V3TraceDecl.o \
+	V3Tristate.o \
 	V3Unknown.o \
 	V3Unroll.o \
 	V3Width.o \
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@ V3Number_test: V3Number_test.o
 
 #### Modules
 
-%__gen.cpp:	%.cpp $(ASTGEN)
+%__gen.cpp:	%.cpp $(ASTGEN) V3Ast.h V3AstNodes.h
 	$(PERL) $(ASTGEN) -I$(srcdir) $*.cpp
 
 %.o:	%.cpp
@@ -254,11 +257,9 @@ V3Ast__gen_classes.h : $(ASTGEN) V3Ast.h V3AstNodes.h
 y.tab.h: y.tab.c
 
 # Have only one output file in this rule to prevent parallel make issues
-y.tab.c: verilog.y $(HEADERS)
+y.tab.c: verilog.y $(HEADERS) bisonpre
 	@echo "If you get errors from verilog.y below, try upgrading bison to version 1.875 or newer."
-	${YACC} ${YFLAGS} $<
-	mv y.tab.c y_pregen.tab.c && $(PERL) $(srcdir)/bisonfix < y_pregen.tab.c > y.tab.c
-	mv y.tab.h y_pregen.tab.h && $(PERL) $(srcdir)/bisonfix < y_pregen.tab.h > y.tab.h
+	$(PERL) $(BISONPRE) --yacc ${YACC} -d -v -o y.tab.c $<
 
 V3Lexer_pregen.yy.cpp:	verilog.l y.tab.h $(HEADERS)
 	${LEX} ${LFLAGS} -o$@ $<

src/V3Active.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "V3Active.h"
 #include "V3Ast.h"
 #include "V3EmitCBase.h"
+#include "V3Const.h"
 
 //***** See below for main transformation engine
 
@@ -77,8 +78,8 @@ private:
 	// Don't clear scopep, the namer persists beyond this visit
     }
     virtual void visit(AstSenTree* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// Sort sensitivity list
-	nodep->sortSenses();
+	// Simplify sensitivity list
+	V3Const::constifyTreeExpensive(nodep);
     }
     // Empty visitors, speed things up
     virtual void visit(AstNodeStmt* nodep, AstNUser*) { }
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ public:
       found:
 	// Not found, form a new one
 	if (!activep) {
-	    AstSenTree* newsenp = sensesp->cloneTree(false)->castSenTree();
+	    AstSenTree* newsenp = sensesp->cloneTree(false);
 	    activep = new AstActive(fl, "sequent", newsenp);
 	    activep->sensesStorep(activep->sensesp());
 	    UINFO(8,"    New ACTIVE "<<activep<<endl);
@@ -185,10 +186,15 @@ public:
 class ActiveVisitor : public ActiveBaseVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
+    //  Each call to V3Const::constify
+    //   AstNode::user4()		Used by V3Const::constify, called below
 
     // STATE
     ActiveNamer	m_namer;	// Tracking of active names
     AstCFunc*   m_scopeFinalp;	// Final function for this scope
+    AstAlways*	m_alwaysp;	// Under always
+    bool	m_itemCombo;	// Found a SenItem combo
+    bool	m_itemSequent;	// Found a SenItem sequential
 
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -223,6 +229,13 @@ private:
 	nodep->unlinkFrBack();
 	wantactivep->addStmtsp(nodep);
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverToggle* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Relink to CACTIVE, unless already under it
+	UINFO(4,"    COVERTOGGLE "<<nodep<<endl);
+	AstActive* wantactivep = m_namer.getCActive(nodep->fileline());
+	nodep->unlinkFrBack();
+	wantactivep->addStmtsp(nodep);
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstFinal* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Relink to CFUNC for the final
 	UINFO(4,"    FINAL "<<nodep<<endl);
@@ -245,6 +258,7 @@ private:
 	nodep->deleteTree(); nodep = NULL;
     }
 
+    // METHODS
     virtual void visit(AstAlways* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Move always to appropriate ACTIVE based on its sense list
 	UINFO(4,"    ALW   "<<nodep<<endl);
@@ -255,7 +269,10 @@ private:
 	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
 	    return;
 	}
-	if (nodep->sensesp() && nodep->sensesp()->sensesp() && nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()->isNever()) {
+	if (nodep->sensesp()
+	    && nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()
+	    && nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()->castSenItem()
+	    && nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()->castSenItem()->isNever()) {
 	    // Never executing.  Kill it.
 	    if (nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()->nextp()) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Never senitem should be alone, else the never should be eliminated.");
 	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
@@ -263,24 +280,14 @@ private:
 	}
 
 	// Read sensitivitues
-	bool combo = false;
-	bool sequent = false;
-	if (nodep->sensesp()) {
-	    for (AstSenItem* nextp, *senp = nodep->sensesp()->sensesp(); senp; senp=nextp) {
-		nextp = senp->nextp()->castSenItem();
-		if (senp->edgeType() == AstEdgeType::ANYEDGE) {
-		    combo = true;
-		    // Delete the sensitivity
-		    // We'll add it as a generic COMBO SenItem in a moment.
-		    senp->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); senp=NULL;
-		} else if (senp->varrefp()) {
-		    if (senp->varrefp()->width()>1) senp->v3error("Unsupported: Non-single bit wide signal pos/negedge sensitivity: "
-								  <<senp->varrefp()->prettyName());
-		    sequent = true;
-		    senp->varrefp()->varp()->usedClock(true);
-		}
-	    }
-	}
+	m_alwaysp = nodep;
+	m_itemCombo = false;
+	m_itemSequent = false;
+	nodep->sensesp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	m_alwaysp = NULL;
+	bool combo = m_itemCombo;
+	bool sequent = m_itemSequent;
+
 	if (!combo && !sequent) combo=true;	// If no list, Verilog 2000: always @ (*)
 #ifndef NEW_ORDERING
 	if (combo && sequent) {
@@ -319,6 +326,29 @@ private:
 	    ActiveDlyVisitor dlyvisitor (nodep);
 	}
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstSenGate* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	AstSenItem* subitemp = nodep->sensesp();
+	if (subitemp->edgeType() != AstEdgeType::ANYEDGE
+	    && subitemp->edgeType() != AstEdgeType::POSEDGE
+	    && subitemp->edgeType() != AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE) {
+	    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Strange activity type under SenGate");
+	}
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSenItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (nodep->edgeType() == AstEdgeType::ANYEDGE) {
+	    m_itemCombo = true;
+	    // Delete the sensitivity
+	    // We'll add it as a generic COMBO SenItem in a moment.
+	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+	} else if (nodep->varrefp()) {
+	    // V3LinkResolve should have cleaned most of these up
+	    if (nodep->varrefp()->width()>1) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Non-single bit wide signal pos/negedge sensitivity: "
+							    <<nodep->varrefp()->prettyName());
+	    m_itemSequent = true;
+	    nodep->varrefp()->varp()->usedClock(true);
+	}
+    }
 
     // Empty visitors, speed things up
     virtual void visit(AstNodeMath* nodep, AstNUser*) {}
@@ -331,6 +361,9 @@ public:
     // CONSTUCTORS
     ActiveVisitor(AstNode* nodep) {
 	m_scopeFinalp = NULL;
+	m_alwaysp = NULL;
+	m_itemCombo = false;
+	m_itemSequent = false;
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~ActiveVisitor() {}

src/V3Active.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3ActiveTop.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "V3ActiveTop.h"
 #include "V3Ast.h"
 #include "V3SenTree.h"
+#include "V3Const.h"
 
 //######################################################################
 // Active class functions
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE
     //  Entire netlist
     //   AstNode::user()		bool. True if processed
+    //  Each call to V3Const::constify
+    //   AstNode::user4()		Used by V3Const::constify, called below
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+
     // STATE
     AstTopScope*	m_topscopep;	// Top scope for adding sentrees under
     SenTreeFinder	m_finder;	// Find global sentree's and add them
@@ -70,8 +75,10 @@ private:
 	UINFO(4,"   ACTIVE "<<nodep<<endl);
 	AstSenTree* sensesp = nodep->sensesp();
 	if (!sensesp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("NULL");
-	sensesp->sortSenses();	// Remove duplicate clocks and such
-	if (sensesp->sensesp() && sensesp->sensesp()->isNever()) {
+	V3Const::constifyTreeExpensive(nodep);	// Remove duplicate clocks and such
+	if (sensesp->sensesp()
+	    && sensesp->sensesp()->castSenItem()
+	    && sensesp->sensesp()->castSenItem()->isNever()) {
 	    // Never executing.  Kill it.
 	    if (sensesp->sensesp()->nextp()) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Never senitem should be alone, else the never should be eliminated.");
 	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
@@ -133,7 +140,6 @@ public:
     // CONSTUCTORS
     ActiveTopVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
 	m_topscopep = NULL;
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~ActiveTopVisitor() {}

src/V3ActiveTop.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Assert.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -40,9 +40,11 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE/TYPES
     // Cleared on netlist
     //  AstNode::user()		-> bool.  True if processed
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // STATE
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Last module
+    AstBegin*	m_beginp;	// Last begin
     V3Double0	m_statAsCover;	// Statistic tracking
     V3Double0	m_statAsPsl;	// Statistic tracking
     V3Double0	m_statAsFull;	// Statistic tracking
@@ -100,9 +102,11 @@ private:
 	return bodysp;
     }
 
-    void newPslAssertion(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* propp, AstSenTree* sentreep, const string& message) {
+    void newPslAssertion(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* propp, AstSenTree* sentreep,
+			 AstNode* stmtsp, const string& message) {
 	propp->unlinkFrBack();
 	sentreep->unlinkFrBack();
+	if (stmtsp) stmtsp->unlinkFrBack();
 	//
 	AstNode* bodysp = NULL;
 	bool selfDestruct = false;
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ private:
 	    } else {
 		// V3Coverage assigned us a bucket to increment.
 		AstCoverInc* covincp = snodep->coverincp()->castCoverInc();
-		if (!covincp) snodep->v3fatalSrc("Missing coverage in PSL");
+		if (!covincp) snodep->v3fatalSrc("Missing AstCoverInc under assertion");
 		covincp->unlinkFrBack();
 		if (message!="") covincp->declp()->comment(message);
 		bodysp = covincp;
@@ -126,6 +130,7 @@ private:
 	} else {
 	    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Unknown node type");
 	}
+	if (stmtsp) bodysp = bodysp->addNext(stmtsp);
 	AstIf* ifp = new AstIf (nodep->fileline(), propp, bodysp, NULL);
 	bodysp = ifp;
 	if (nodep->castPslAssert()) ifp->branchPred(AstBranchPred::UNLIKELY);
@@ -171,8 +176,8 @@ private:
     // VISITORS  //========== Case assertions
     virtual void visit(AstCase* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	if (!nodep->user()) {
-	    nodep->user(true);
+	if (!nodep->user1()) {
+	    nodep->user1(true);
 	    bool has_default=false;
 	    for (AstCaseItem* itemp = nodep->itemsp(); itemp; itemp=itemp->nextp()->castCaseItem()) {
 		if (itemp->isDefault()) has_default=true;
@@ -232,12 +237,15 @@ private:
 
     virtual void visit(AstPslCover* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
+	if (m_beginp && nodep->name() == "") nodep->name(m_beginp->name());
+	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(),
+			nodep->stmtsp(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
 	m_statAsCover++;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
+	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(),
+			NULL, nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
 	m_statAsPsl++;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstVAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -253,6 +261,16 @@ private:
 	// Reset defaults
 	m_modp = NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstBegin* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// This code is needed rather than a visitor in V3Begin,
+	// because V3Assert is called before V3Begin
+	AstBegin* lastp = m_beginp;
+	{
+	    m_beginp = nodep;
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	}
+	m_beginp = lastp;
+    }
 
     // VISITORS  //========== Temporal Layer
 
@@ -268,9 +286,9 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTRUCTORS
     AssertVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+	m_beginp = NULL;
 	m_modp = NULL;
 	// Process
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~AssertVisitor() {

src/V3Assert.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3AssertPre.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE/TYPES
     // STATE
     // Reset each module:
-    AstSenItem*	m_seniDefaultp;	// Default sensitivity (from AstDefClock)
+    AstNodeSenItem*	m_seniDefaultp;	// Default sensitivity (from AstDefClock)
     // Reset each assertion:
-    AstSenItem*	m_senip;	// Last sensitivity
+    AstNodeSenItem*	m_senip;	// Last sensitivity
 
     int debug() { return 0; }
 
@@ -55,11 +55,18 @@ private:
 	// Create sentree based on clocked or default clock
 	// Return NULL for always
 	AstSenTree* newp = NULL;
-	AstSenItem* senip = m_senip ? m_senip : m_seniDefaultp;
-	if (senip) newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), senip->cloneTree(true));
-	if (!senip) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Unclocked assertion");
+	AstNodeSenItem* senip = m_senip ? m_senip : m_seniDefaultp;
+	if (!senip) {
+	    nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Unclocked assertion");
+	    newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), NULL);
+	} else {
+	    newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), senip->cloneTree(true));
+	}
 	return newp;
     }
+    void clearAssertInfo() {
+	m_senip = NULL;
+    }
 
     // VISITORS  //========== Statements
     virtual void visit(AstPslDefClock* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -70,28 +77,47 @@ private:
 	nodep->unlinkFrBack();
 	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstClocking* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	UINFO(8,"   CLOCKING"<<nodep<<endl);
+	// Store the new default clock, reset on new module
+	m_seniDefaultp = nodep->sensesp();
+	// Trash it, keeping children
+	if (nodep->bodysp()) {
+	    nodep->replaceWith(nodep->bodysp()->unlinkFrBack());
+	} else {
+	    nodep->unlinkFrBack();
+	}
+	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
+    }
 
     virtual void visit(AstPslCover* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// Prep
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	if (nodep->sentreep()) return;  // Already processed
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	nodep->sentreep(newSenTree(nodep));
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// Prep
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	if (nodep->sentreep()) return;  // Already processed
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	nodep->sentreep(newSenTree(nodep));
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslClocked* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (m_senip) {
 	    nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Only one PSL clock allowed per assertion\n");
 	}
-	// Unlink and just keep a pointer to it, convert to sentree as needed
+	// Block is the new expression to evaluate
 	AstNode* blockp = nodep->propp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	if (nodep->disablep()) {
+	    blockp = new AstAnd(nodep->disablep()->fileline(),
+				new AstNot(nodep->disablep()->fileline(),
+					   nodep->disablep()->unlinkFrBack()),
+				blockp);
+	}
+	// Unlink and just keep a pointer to it, convert to sentree as needed
 	m_senip = nodep->sensesp();
 	nodep->replaceWith(blockp);
 	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
@@ -108,8 +134,8 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTRUCTORS
     AssertPreVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
-	m_senip = NULL;
 	m_seniDefaultp = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	// Process
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }

src/V3AssertPre.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Ast.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <memory>
@@ -39,11 +39,15 @@ vluint64_t AstNode::s_editCntLast=0;
 // along with each userp, and thus by bumping this count we can make it look
 // as if we iterated across the entire tree to set all the userp's to null.
 int AstNode::s_cloneCntGbl=0;
-int AstNode::s_userCntGbl=0;
-int AstNode::s_user2CntGbl=0;
-int AstNode::s_user3CntGbl=0;
-int AstNode::s_user4CntGbl=0;
-int AstNode::s_user5CntGbl=0;
+uint32_t AstUser1InUse::s_userCntGbl=0;	// Hot cache line, leave adjacent
+uint32_t AstUser2InUse::s_userCntGbl=0;	// Hot cache line, leave adjacent
+uint32_t AstUser3InUse::s_userCntGbl=0;	// Hot cache line, leave adjacent
+uint32_t AstUser4InUse::s_userCntGbl=0;	// Hot cache line, leave adjacent
+
+bool AstUser1InUse::s_userBusy=false;
+bool AstUser2InUse::s_userBusy=false;
+bool AstUser3InUse::s_userBusy=false;
+bool AstUser4InUse::s_userBusy=false;
 
 //######################################################################
 // V3AstType
@@ -70,32 +74,55 @@ void AstNode::init() {
     m_signed = false;
     m_width = 0;
     m_widthMin = 0;
-    m_userp = NULL;
-    m_userCnt = 0;
+    m_user1p = NULL;
+    m_user1Cnt = 0;
     m_user2p = NULL;
     m_user2Cnt = 0;
     m_user3p = NULL;
     m_user3Cnt = 0;
     m_user4p = NULL;
     m_user4Cnt = 0;
-    m_user5p = NULL;
-    m_user5Cnt = 0;
 }
 
 string AstNode::encodeName(const string& namein) {
     string name2 = namein;
     string out;
-    for (string::iterator pos = name2.begin(); pos != name2.end(); pos++) {
-	if (pos[0]=='_' && pos[1]=='_') {
-	    out += "__ULUL_";
-	    pos++;
-	} else {
+    const char* start = name2.c_str();
+    for (const char* pos = start; *pos; pos++) {
+	if ((pos==start) ? isalpha(pos[0])  // digits can't lead identifiers
+	    : isalnum(pos[0])) {
 	    out += pos[0];
+	} else if (pos[0]=='_') {
+	    if (pos[1]=='_') {
+		out += "_"; out += "__05F";  // hex(_) = 0x5F
+		pos++;
+	    } else {
+		out += pos[0];
+	    }
+	} else if (pos[0]=='.') {
+	    out += "__DOT__";
+	} else if (pos[0]=='[') {
+	    out += "__BRA__";
+	} else if (pos[0]==']') {
+	    out += "__KET__";
+	} else {
+	    // Need the leading 0 so this will never collide with
+	    // a user identifier nor a temp we create in Verilator.
+	    char hex[10]; sprintf(hex,"%02X",pos[0]);
+	    out += "__0"; out += hex;
 	}
     }
     return out;
 }
 
+string AstNode::encodeNumber(vlsint64_t num) {
+    if (num < 0) {
+	return "__02D"+cvtToStr(-num);  // 2D=-
+    } else {
+	return cvtToStr(num);
+    }
+}
+
 string AstNode::shortName() const {
     string pretty = name();
     string::size_type pos;
@@ -116,19 +143,38 @@ string AstNode::dedotName(const string& namein) {
 }
 
 string AstNode::prettyName(const string& namein) {
-    string pretty = namein;
-    string::size_type pos;
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__BRA__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "[");
-    }
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__KET__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "]");
-    }
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__PVT__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "");
-    }
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__ULUL_")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "");
+    string pretty;
+    string name2 = namein;
+    pretty = "";
+    for (const char* pos = name2.c_str(); *pos; ) {
+	if (0==strncmp(pos,"__BRA__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "[";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__KET__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "]";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__DOT__",7)) {
+	    pretty += ".";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__PVT__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (pos[0]=='_' && pos[1]=='_' && pos[2]=='0'
+		 && isxdigit(pos[3]) && isxdigit(pos[4])) {
+	    char value = 0;
+	    value += 16*(isdigit(pos[3]) ? (pos[3]-'0') : (tolower(pos[3])-'a'+10));
+	    value +=    (isdigit(pos[4]) ? (pos[4]-'0') : (tolower(pos[4])-'a'+10));
+	    pretty += value;
+	    pos += 5;
+	}
+	else {
+	    pretty += pos[0];
+	    pos++;
+	}
     }
     return AstNode::dedotName(pretty);
 }
@@ -630,11 +676,38 @@ void AstNode::operator delete(void* objp, size_t size) {
 // Iterators
 
 void AstNode::iterateChildren(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
+    // This is a very hot function
     if (!this) return;
-    m_op1p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
-    m_op2p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
-    m_op3p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
-    m_op4p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
+    ASTNODE_PREFETCH(m_op1p);
+    ASTNODE_PREFETCH(m_op2p);
+    ASTNODE_PREFETCH(m_op3p);
+    ASTNODE_PREFETCH(m_op4p);
+    // if () not needed since iterateAndNext accepts null this, but faster with it.
+    if (m_op1p) m_op1p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
+    if (m_op2p) m_op2p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
+    if (m_op3p) m_op3p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
+    if (m_op4p) m_op4p->iterateAndNext(v, vup);
+}
+
+void AstNode::iterateAndNext(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
+    // This is a very hot function
+    // IMPORTANT: If you replace a node that's the target of this iterator,
+    // then the NEW node will be iterated on next, it isn't skipped!
+    // if (!this) return;  // Part of for()
+    for (AstNode* nodep=this; nodep;) {
+	AstNode* niterp = nodep;
+	ASTNODE_PREFETCH(nodep->m_nextp);
+	niterp->m_iterpp = &niterp;
+	niterp->accept(v, vup);
+	// accept may do a replaceNode and change niterp on us...
+	if (!niterp) return;
+	niterp->m_iterpp = NULL;
+	if (niterp!=nodep) { // Edited it
+	    nodep = niterp;
+	} else {  // Same node, just loop
+	    nodep = niterp->m_nextp;
+	}
+    }
 }
 
 void AstNode::iterateListBackwards(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
@@ -657,25 +730,6 @@ void AstNode::iterateChildrenBackwards(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
     this->op4p()->iterateListBackwards(v,vup);
 }
 
-void AstNode::iterateAndNext(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
-    // IMPORTANT: If you replace a node that's the target of this iterator,
-    // then the NEW node will be iterated on next, it isn't skipped!
-    // if (!this) return;  // Part of for()
-    for (AstNode* nodep=this; nodep;) {
-	AstNode* niterp = nodep;
-	niterp->m_iterpp = &niterp;
-	niterp->accept(v, vup);
-	// accept may do a replaceNode and change niterp on us...
-	if (!niterp) return;
-	niterp->m_iterpp = NULL;
-	if (niterp!=nodep) { // Edited it
-	    nodep = niterp;
-	} else {  // Same node, just loop
-	    nodep = niterp->m_nextp;
-	}
-    }
-}
-
 void AstNode::iterateAndNextIgnoreEdit(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup) {
     // Keep following the current list even if edits change it
     if (!this) return;
@@ -746,6 +800,11 @@ void AstNode::checkTreeIter(AstNode* backp) {
     if (backp != this->backp()) {
 	this->v3fatalSrc("Back node inconsistent");
     }
+    if (castNodeTermop() || castNodeVarRef()) {
+	// Termops have a short-circuited iterateChildren, so check usage
+	if (op1p()||op2p()||op3p()||op4p())
+	    this->v3fatalSrc("Terminal operation with non-terminals");
+    }
     if (op1p()) op1p()->checkTreeIterList(this);
     if (op2p()) op2p()->checkTreeIterList(this);
     if (op3p()) op3p()->checkTreeIterList(this);
@@ -788,7 +847,10 @@ void AstNode::dumpPtrs(ostream& os) {
     if (op2p()) os<<" op2p="<<(void*)op2p();
     if (op3p()) os<<" op3p="<<(void*)op3p();
     if (op4p()) os<<" op4p="<<(void*)op4p();
-    if (userp()) os<<" user="<<(void*)userp();
+    if (user1p()) os<<" user1p="<<(void*)user1p();
+    if (user2p()) os<<" user2p="<<(void*)user2p();
+    if (user3p()) os<<" user3p="<<(void*)user3p();
+    if (user4p()) os<<" user4p="<<(void*)user4p();
     if (m_iterpp) {
 	os<<" iterpp="<<(void*)m_iterpp;
 	os<<"*="<<(void*)*m_iterpp;
@@ -824,7 +886,7 @@ void AstNode::dumpTreeFile(const string& filename, bool append) {
 	    if (logsp->fail()) v3fatalSrc("Can't write "<<filename);
 	    *logsp<<"Tree Dump from <e"<<dec<<editCountLast()<<">";
 	    *logsp<<" to <e"<<dec<<editCountGbl()<<">"<<endl;
-	    if (editCountGbl()==editCountLast() && 1) {  // Off, as messes up tree diffing
+	    if (editCountGbl()==editCountLast()) {
 		*logsp<<endl;
 		*logsp<<"No changes since last dump!\n";
 	    } else {
@@ -843,7 +905,7 @@ void AstNode::dumpTreeFile(const string& filename, bool append) {
     editCountSetLast();
 }
 
-void AstNode::v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str) {
+void AstNode::v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str) const {
     if (this && m_fileline) {
 	ostringstream nsstr;
 	nsstr<<str.str();

src/V3Ast.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -79,14 +79,21 @@ public:
     enum en {
 	NORMAL,
 	TRACE_INIT,
+	TRACE_INIT_SUB,
 	TRACE_FULL,
-	TRACE_CHANGE
+	TRACE_FULL_SUB,
+	TRACE_CHANGE,
+	TRACE_CHANGE_SUB
     };
     enum en m_e;
     inline AstCFuncType () {};
     inline AstCFuncType (en _e) : m_e(_e) {};
     explicit inline AstCFuncType (int _e) : m_e(static_cast<en>(_e)) {};
     operator en () const { return m_e; };
+    // METHODS
+    bool isTrace() const { return (m_e==TRACE_INIT || m_e==TRACE_INIT_SUB
+				   || m_e==TRACE_FULL || m_e==TRACE_FULL_SUB
+				   || m_e==TRACE_CHANGE || m_e==TRACE_CHANGE_SUB); }
   };
   inline bool operator== (AstCFuncType lhs, AstCFuncType rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs.m_e); }
   inline bool operator== (AstCFuncType lhs, AstCFuncType::en rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs); }
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@ class AstEdgeType {
 public:
 // REMEMBER to edit the strings below too
     enum en {
-	// These must be in general -> most specific order, as we sort by it in AstSenTree::sortSenses()
+	// These must be in general -> most specific order, as we sort by it in V3Const::visit AstSenTre
 	ILLEGAL,
 	// Involving a variable
 	ANYEDGE,	// Default for sensitivities; rip them out
@@ -142,8 +149,8 @@ public:
     };
     const char* verilogKwd() const {
 	static const char* names[] = {
-	    "%E-edge", "", "[both]", "posedge", "negedge", "[high]","[low]",
-	    "/*AS*/","[initial]","[settle]","[never]"
+	    "%E-edge", "[any]", "[both]", "posedge", "negedge", "[high]","[low]",
+	    "*","[initial]","[settle]","[never]"
 	};
 	return names[m_e];
     };
@@ -197,7 +204,8 @@ public:
 	TRIWIRE,
 	BLOCKTEMP,
 	MODULETEMP,
-	STMTTEMP
+	STMTTEMP,
+	XTEMP
     };
     enum en m_e;
     inline AstVarType () {};
@@ -209,7 +217,7 @@ public:
 	    "?","GPARAM","LPARAM","GENVAR",
 	    "INTEGER","INPUT","OUTPUT","INOUT",
 	    "SUPPLY0","SUPPLY1","WIRE","IMPLICIT","REG","TRIWIRE",
-	    "BLOCKTEMP","MODULETEMP","STMTTEMP"};
+	    "BLOCKTEMP","MODULETEMP","STMTTEMP","XTEMP"};
 	return names[m_e];};
   };
   inline bool operator== (AstVarType lhs, AstVarType rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs.m_e); }
@@ -250,6 +258,25 @@ public:
 
 //######################################################################
 
+class AstCaseType {
+public:
+    enum en {
+	CASE,
+	CASEX,
+	CASEZ
+    };
+    enum en m_e;
+    inline AstCaseType () {};
+    inline AstCaseType (en _e) : m_e(_e) {};
+    explicit inline AstCaseType (int _e) : m_e(static_cast<en>(_e)) {};
+    operator en () const { return m_e; };
+  };
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType lhs, AstCaseType rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs.m_e); }
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType lhs, AstCaseType::en rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs); }
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType::en lhs, AstCaseType rhs) { return (lhs == rhs.m_e); }
+
+//######################################################################
+
 class AstDisplayType {
 public:
     enum en {
@@ -335,6 +362,83 @@ struct AstNUser {
     }
 };
 
+//######################################################################
+// AstUserResource - Generic pointer base class for tracking usage of user()
+//
+//  Where AstNode->user2() is going to be used, for example, you write:
+//
+//	AstUser2InUse  m_userres;
+//
+//  This will clear the tree, and prevent another visitor from clobering
+//  user2.  When the member goes out of scope it will be automagically
+//  freed up.
+
+class AstUserInUseBase {
+protected:
+    static void	allocate(uint32_t& cntGblRef, bool& userBusyRef) {
+	// Perhaps there's still a AstUserInUse in scope for this?
+	UASSERT_STATIC(!userBusyRef, "Conflicting user use; AstUser*InUse request when under another AstUserInUse");
+	userBusyRef = true;
+	clearcnt(cntGblRef, userBusyRef);
+    }
+    static void	free(uint32_t& cntGblRef, bool& userBusyRef) {
+	UASSERT_STATIC(userBusyRef, "Free of User*() not under AstUserInUse");
+	clearcnt(cntGblRef, userBusyRef);  // Includes a checkUse for us
+	userBusyRef = false;
+    }
+    static void clearcnt(uint32_t& cntGblRef, bool& userBusyRef) {
+	UASSERT_STATIC(userBusyRef, "Clear of User*() not under AstUserInUse");
+	// If this really fires and is real (after 2^32 edits???)
+	// we could just walk the tree and clear manually
+	++cntGblRef;
+	UASSERT_STATIC(cntGblRef, "User*() overflowed!");
+    }
+};
+
+// For each user() declare the in use structure
+// We let AstNode peek into here, because when under low optimization even
+// an accessor would be way too slow.
+class AstUser1InUse : AstUserInUseBase {
+protected:
+    friend class AstNode;
+    static uint32_t	s_userCntGbl;	// Count of which usage of userp() this is
+    static bool		s_userBusy;	// Count is in use
+public:
+    AstUser1InUse()     { allocate(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    ~AstUser1InUse()    { free    (s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    static void clear() { clearcnt(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+};
+class AstUser2InUse : AstUserInUseBase {
+protected:
+    friend class AstNode;
+    static uint32_t	s_userCntGbl;	// Count of which usage of userp() this is
+    static bool		s_userBusy;	// Count is in use
+public:
+    AstUser2InUse()      { allocate(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    ~AstUser2InUse()     { free    (s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    static void clear()  { clearcnt(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+};
+class AstUser3InUse : AstUserInUseBase {
+protected:
+    friend class AstNode;
+    static uint32_t	s_userCntGbl;	// Count of which usage of userp() this is
+    static bool		s_userBusy;	// Count is in use
+public:
+    AstUser3InUse()      { allocate(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    ~AstUser3InUse()     { free    (s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    static void clear()  { clearcnt(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+};
+class AstUser4InUse : AstUserInUseBase {
+protected:
+    friend class AstNode;
+    static uint32_t	s_userCntGbl;	// Count of which usage of userp() this is
+    static bool		s_userBusy;	// Count is in use
+public:
+    AstUser4InUse()      { allocate(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    ~AstUser4InUse()     { free    (s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+    static void clear()  { clearcnt(s_userCntGbl/*ref*/, s_userBusy/*ref*/); }
+};
+
 //######################################################################
 // AstNVisitor -- Allows new functions to be called on each node
 // type without changing the base classes.  See "Modern C++ Design".
@@ -402,6 +506,7 @@ public:
     uint32_t hshval() const { return m_both & M24; }
     // OPERATORS
     inline bool operator== (const V3Hash& rh) const { return m_both==rh.m_both; };
+    inline bool operator!= (const V3Hash& rh) const { return m_both!=rh.m_both; };
     inline bool operator< (const V3Hash& rh) const { return m_both<rh.m_both; };
     // CREATORS
     class Illegal {};		// for creator type-overload selection
@@ -415,13 +520,7 @@ public:
     // Creating from raw data (sameHash functions)
     V3Hash() { setBoth(1,0); }
     V3Hash(uint32_t val) { setBoth(1,val); }
-    V3Hash(void* vp) {
-	// It's just a hash, so we can shove a 64 bit pointer into a 32 bit bucket
-	// On 32 bit systems, lower is always 0, but who cares?
-	union { void* up; struct {uint32_t upper; uint32_t lower;} l;} u;
-	u.l.upper=0; u.l.lower=0; u.up=vp;
-	setBoth(1,u.l.upper^u.l.lower);
-    }
+    V3Hash(void* vp) { setBoth(1,cvtToHash(vp)); }
     V3Hash(const string& name);
     V3Hash(V3Hash lh, V3Hash rh) {
 	setBoth(1,lh.hshval()*31+rh.hshval());
@@ -432,45 +531,46 @@ ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, V3Hash rhs);
 //######################################################################
 // AstNode -- Base type of all Ast types
 
+// Prefetch a node.
+// The if() makes it faster, even though prefetch won't fault on null pointers
+#define ASTNODE_PREFETCH(nodep) \
+    { if (nodep) { VL_PREFETCH_RD(&(nodep->m_nextp)); VL_PREFETCH_RD(&(nodep->m_iterpp)); }}
+
 class AstNode {
-private:
+    // v ASTNODE_PREFETCH depends on below ordering of members
     AstNode*	m_nextp;	// Next peer in the parent's list
     AstNode*	m_backp;	// Node that points to this one (via next/op1/op2/...)
-    AstNode*	m_headtailp;	// When at begin/end of list, the opposite end of the list
     AstNode*	m_op1p;		// Generic pointer 1
     AstNode*	m_op2p;		// Generic pointer 2
     AstNode*	m_op3p;		// Generic pointer 3
     AstNode*	m_op4p;		// Generic pointer 4
     AstNode**	m_iterpp;	// Pointer to node iterating on, change it if we replace this node.
+    // ^ ASTNODE_PREFETCH depends on above ordering of members
 
-    AstNode*	m_clonep;	// Pointer to clone of/ source of this module (for *LAST* cloneTree() ONLY)
-    int		m_cloneCnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_cloneCntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
+    AstNode*	m_headtailp;	// When at begin/end of list, the opposite end of the list
 
     FileLine*	m_fileline;	// Where it was declared
     vluint64_t	m_editCount;	// When it was last edited
     static vluint64_t s_editCntGbl; // Global edit counter
     static vluint64_t s_editCntLast;// Global edit counter, last value for printing * near node #s
 
+    AstNode*	m_clonep;	// Pointer to clone of/ source of this module (for *LAST* cloneTree() ONLY)
+    int		m_cloneCnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
+    static int	s_cloneCntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
+
     // Attributes
     bool	m_signed;	// Node is signed
     int		m_width;	// Bit width of operation
     int		m_widthMin;	// If unsized, bitwidth of minimum implementation
-    AstNUser*	m_userp;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
-    int		m_userCnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_userCntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
+    // This member ordering both allows 64 bit alignment and puts associated data together
+    AstNUser*	m_user1p;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
+    uint32_t	m_user1Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
+    uint32_t	m_user2Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
     AstNUser*	m_user2p;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
-    int		m_user2Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_user2CntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
     AstNUser*	m_user3p;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
-    int		m_user3Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_user3CntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
+    uint32_t	m_user3Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
+    uint32_t	m_user4Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
     AstNUser*	m_user4p;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
-    int		m_user4Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_user4CntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
-    AstNUser*	m_user5p;	// Pointer to any information the user iteration routine wants
-    int		m_user5Cnt;	// Mark of when userp was set
-    static int	s_user5CntGbl;	// Count of which userp is set
 
     // METHODS
     void	op1p(AstNode* nodep) { m_op1p = nodep; if (nodep) nodep->m_backp = this; }
@@ -494,7 +594,7 @@ protected:
     // CONSTUCTORS
     AstNode() {init(); }
     AstNode(FileLine* fileline) {init(); m_fileline = fileline; }
-    virtual AstNode* clone() = 0;	// Generally, cloneTree/cloneNode is what you want
+    virtual AstNode* clone() = 0;	// Generally, cloneTree is what you want instead
     virtual void cloneRelink() {}
     void 	cloneRelinkTree();
 
@@ -559,6 +659,7 @@ public:
     static string dedotName(const string& namein);	// Name with dots removed
     static string prettyName(const string& namein);	// Name for printing out to the user
     static string encodeName(const string& namein);	// Encode user name into internal C representation
+    static string encodeNumber(vlsint64_t numin);	// Encode number into internal C representation
     string	prettyName() const { return prettyName(name()); }
     FileLine*	fileline() const { return m_fileline; }
     int		width() const { return m_width; }
@@ -577,34 +678,42 @@ public:
     bool	isQuad() const { return (width()>VL_WORDSIZE && width()<=VL_QUADSIZE); }
     bool	isWide() const { return (width()>VL_QUADSIZE); }
 
-    int		user() const { return userp()->castInt(); }
-    AstNUser*	userp() const { return ((m_userCnt==s_userCntGbl)?m_userp:NULL); }
-    void	userp(void* userp) { m_userp=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_userCnt=s_userCntGbl; }
-    void	user(int val) { userp(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
-    static void	userClearTree() { s_userCntGbl++; UASSERT_STATIC(s_userCntGbl,"Rollover"); }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
+    AstNUser*	user1p() const {
+	// Slows things down measurably, so disabled by default
+	//UASSERT_STATIC(AstUser1InUse::s_userBusy, "userp set w/o busy");
+	return ((m_user1Cnt==AstUser1InUse::s_userCntGbl)?m_user1p:NULL);
+    }
+    void	user1p(void* userp) { m_user1p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user1Cnt=AstUser1InUse::s_userCntGbl; }
+    int		user1() const { return user1p()->castInt(); }
+    void	user1(int val) { user1p(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
+    static void	user1ClearTree() { AstUser1InUse::clear(); }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
+
+    AstNUser*	user2p() const {
+	//UASSERT_STATIC(AstUser2InUse::s_userBusy, "user2p set w/o busy");
+	return ((m_user2Cnt==AstUser2InUse::s_userCntGbl)?m_user2p:NULL); }
+    void	user2p(void* userp) { m_user2p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user2Cnt=AstUser2InUse::s_userCntGbl; }
     int		user2() const { return user2p()->castInt(); }
-    AstNUser*	user2p() const { return ((m_user2Cnt==s_user2CntGbl)?m_user2p:NULL); }
-    void	user2p(void* userp) { m_user2p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user2Cnt=s_user2CntGbl; }
     void	user2(int val) { user2p(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
-    static void	user2ClearTree() { s_user2CntGbl++; }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
+    static void	user2ClearTree() { AstUser2InUse::clear(); }
+
+    AstNUser*	user3p() const {
+	//UASSERT_STATIC(AstUser3InUse::s_userBusy, "user3p set w/o busy");
+	return ((m_user3Cnt==AstUser3InUse::s_userCntGbl)?m_user3p:NULL); }
+    void	user3p(void* userp) { m_user3p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user3Cnt=AstUser3InUse::s_userCntGbl; }
     int		user3() const { return user3p()->castInt(); }
-    AstNUser*	user3p() const { return ((m_user3Cnt==s_user3CntGbl)?m_user3p:NULL); }
-    void	user3p(void* userp) { m_user3p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user3Cnt=s_user3CntGbl; }
     void	user3(int val) { user3p(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
-    static void	user3ClearTree() { s_user3CntGbl++; }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
+    static void	user3ClearTree() { AstUser3InUse::clear(); }
+
+    AstNUser*	user4p() const {
+	//UASSERT_STATIC(AstUser4InUse::s_userBusy, "user4p set w/o busy");
+	return ((m_user4Cnt==AstUser4InUse::s_userCntGbl)?m_user4p:NULL); }
+    void	user4p(void* userp) { m_user4p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user4Cnt=AstUser4InUse::s_userCntGbl; }
     int		user4() const { return user4p()->castInt(); }
-    AstNUser*	user4p() const { return ((m_user4Cnt==s_user4CntGbl)?m_user4p:NULL); }
-    void	user4p(void* userp) { m_user4p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user4Cnt=s_user4CntGbl; }
     void	user4(int val) { user4p(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
-    static void	user4ClearTree() { s_user4CntGbl++; }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
-    int		user5() const { return user5p()->castInt(); }
-    AstNUser*	user5p() const { return ((m_user5Cnt==s_user5CntGbl)?m_user5p:NULL); }
-    void	user5p(void* userp) { m_user5p=(AstNUser*)(userp); m_user5Cnt=s_user5CntGbl; }
-    void	user5(int val) { user5p(AstNUser::fromInt(val)); }
-    static void	user5ClearTree() { s_user5CntGbl++; }  // Clear userp()'s across the entire tree
+    static void	user4ClearTree() { AstUser4InUse::clear(); }
 
     vluint64_t	editCount() const { return m_editCount; }
-    void	editCountInc() { m_editCount = s_editCntGbl++; }
+    void	editCountInc() { m_editCount = ++s_editCntGbl; }
     static vluint64_t	editCountLast() { return s_editCntLast; }
     static vluint64_t	editCountGbl() { return s_editCntGbl; }
     static void		editCountSetLast() { s_editCntLast = editCountGbl(); }
@@ -622,7 +731,7 @@ public:
     AstNode*	addNextNull(AstNode* newp);	// Returns this, adds to end of list, NULL is OK
     void	addNextHere(AstNode* newp);	// Adds after speced node
     void	replaceWith(AstNode* newp);	// Replace current node in tree with new node
-    void	v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str);
+    void	v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str) const;
     virtual void dump(ostream& str=cout);
     AstNode*	unlinkFrBack(AstNRelinker* linkerp=NULL);  // Unlink this from whoever points to it.
     AstNode*	unlinkFrBackWithNext(AstNRelinker* linkerp=NULL);  // Unlink this from whoever points to it, keep entire next list with unlinked node
@@ -651,7 +760,6 @@ public:
     virtual bool same(AstNode* otherp) const { return true; }
     virtual bool maybePointedTo() const { return false; }  // Another AstNode* may have a pointer into this node, other then normal front/back/etc.
     virtual bool broken() const { return false; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
 
     // INVOKERS
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) = 0;
@@ -675,14 +783,18 @@ inline void AstNRelinker::relink(AstNode* newp) { newp->AstNode::relink(this); }
 //######################################################################
 //=== AstNode* : Derived generic node types
 
+#define ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(name)	\
+    virtual ~Ast ##name() {} \
+    Ast ##name * cloneTree(bool cloneNext) { return AstNode::cloneTree(cloneNext)->cast ##name(); }
+
 struct AstNodeMath : public AstNode {
     // Math -- anything that's part of an expression tree
     AstNodeMath(FileLine* fl)
 	: AstNode(fl) {}
-    virtual ~AstNodeMath() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeMath)
     // METHODS
     virtual string emitVerilog() = 0;  /// Format string for verilog writing; see V3EmitV
-    virtual string emitOperator() = 0;
+    virtual string emitC() = 0;
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() = 0; // True if output has extra upper bits zero
 };
@@ -691,7 +803,10 @@ struct AstNodeTermop : public AstNodeMath {
     // Terminal operator -- a operator with no "inputs"
     AstNodeTermop(FileLine* fl)
 	: AstNodeMath(fl) {}
-    virtual ~AstNodeTermop() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeTermop)
+    // Know no children, and hot function, so skip iterator for speed
+    // See checkTreeIter also that asserts no children
+    void iterateChildren(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { }
 };
 
 struct AstNodeUniop : public AstNodeMath {
@@ -700,7 +815,7 @@ struct AstNodeUniop : public AstNodeMath {
 	: AstNodeMath(fl) {
 	if (lhsp) widthSignedFrom(lhsp);
 	setOp1p(lhsp); }
-    virtual ~AstNodeUniop() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeUniop)
     AstNode*	lhsp() 	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }
     // METHODS
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) = 0; // Set out to evaluation of a AstConst'ed lhs
@@ -716,7 +831,7 @@ struct AstNodeBiop : public AstNodeMath {
     AstNodeBiop(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhs, AstNode* rhs)
 	: AstNodeMath(fl) {
 	setOp1p(lhs); setOp2p(rhs); }
-    virtual ~AstNodeBiop() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeBiop)
     AstNode*	lhsp() 	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }
     AstNode*	rhsp() 	const { return op2p()->castNode(); }
     void	lhsp(AstNode* nodep)  { return setOp1p(nodep); }
@@ -738,7 +853,7 @@ struct AstNodeTriop : public AstNodeMath {
     AstNodeTriop(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhs, AstNode* rhs, AstNode* ths)
 	: AstNodeMath(fl) {
 	setOp1p(lhs); setOp2p(rhs); setOp3p(ths); }
-    virtual ~AstNodeTriop() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeTriop)
     AstNode*	lhsp() 	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }
     AstNode*	rhsp() 	const { return op2p()->castNode(); }
     AstNode*	thsp() 	const { return op3p()->castNode(); }
@@ -762,14 +877,14 @@ struct AstNodeBiCom : public AstNodeBiop {
     // Binary math with commutative properties
     AstNodeBiCom(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhs, AstNode* rhs)
 	: AstNodeBiop(fl, lhs, rhs) {}
-    virtual ~AstNodeBiCom() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeBiCom)
 };
 
 struct AstNodeBiComAsv : public AstNodeBiCom {
     // Binary math with commutative & associative properties
     AstNodeBiComAsv(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhs, AstNode* rhs)
 	: AstNodeBiCom(fl, lhs, rhs) {}
-    virtual ~AstNodeBiComAsv() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeBiComAsv)
 };
 struct AstNodeCond : public AstNodeTriop {
     AstNodeCond(FileLine* fl, AstNode* condp, AstNode* expr1p, AstNode* expr2p)
@@ -777,14 +892,14 @@ struct AstNodeCond : public AstNodeTriop {
 	if (expr1p) widthSignedFrom(expr1p);
 	else if (expr2p) widthSignedFrom(expr2p);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeCond() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeCond)
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs, const V3Number& ths) {
 	if (lhs.isNeqZero()) out.opAssign(rhs); else out.opAssign(ths); }
     AstNode*	condp() 	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = Condition
     AstNode*	expr1p() 	const { return op2p()->castNode(); }	// op2 = If true...
     AstNode*	expr2p() 	const { return op3p()->castNode(); }	// op3 = If false...
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k? %r %k: %t)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_COND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_COND_%nq%lq%rq%tq(%nw,%lw,%rw,%tw, %P, %li, %ri, %ti)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; } // clean if e1 & e2 clean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanRhs() { return false; } virtual bool cleanThs() { return false; } // Propagates up
@@ -798,7 +913,7 @@ struct AstNodePreSel : public AstNode {
     AstNodePreSel(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhs, AstNode* rhs, AstNode* ths)
 	: AstNode(fl) {
 	setOp1p(lhs); setOp2p(rhs); setNOp3p(ths); }
-    virtual ~AstNodePreSel() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodePreSel)
     AstNode*	lhsp() 	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }
     AstNode*	rhsp() 	const { return op2p()->castNode(); }
     AstNode*	thsp() 	const { return op3p()->castNode(); }
@@ -814,7 +929,7 @@ struct AstNodeStmt : public AstNode {
     // Statement -- anything that's directly under a function
     AstNodeStmt(FileLine* fl)
 	: AstNode(fl) {}
-    virtual ~AstNodeStmt() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeStmt)
     // METHODS
 };
 
@@ -824,7 +939,7 @@ struct AstNodeAssign : public AstNodeStmt {
 	setOp1p(rhsp); setOp2p(lhsp);
 	if (lhsp) widthSignedFrom(lhsp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeAssign() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeAssign)
     virtual AstNode*	cloneType(AstNode* lhsp, AstNode* rhsp)=0;	// Clone single node, just get same type back.
     // So iteration hits the RHS which is "earlier" in execution order, it's op1, not op2
     AstNode* rhsp()		const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = Assign from
@@ -843,7 +958,7 @@ struct AstNodeFor : public AstNodeStmt {
 	: AstNodeStmt(fileline) {
 	addNOp1p(initsp); setOp2p(condp); addNOp3p(incsp); addNOp4p(bodysp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeFor() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeFor)
     AstNode*	initsp()	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1= initial statements
     AstNode*	condp()		const { return op2p()->castNode(); }	// op2= condition to continue
     AstNode*	incsp()		const { return op3p()->castNode(); }	// op3= increment statements
@@ -863,7 +978,7 @@ public:
 	: AstNodeStmt(fl) {
 	setOp1p(condp); addNOp2p(ifsp); addNOp3p(elsesp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeIf() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeIf)
     AstNode*	condp()		const { return op1p(); }	// op1 = condition
     AstNode*	ifsp()		const { return op2p(); }	// op2 = list of true statements
     AstNode*	elsesp()	const { return op3p(); }	// op3 = list of false statements
@@ -883,7 +998,7 @@ struct AstNodeCase : public AstNodeStmt {
 	: AstNodeStmt(fl) {
 	setOp1p(exprp); addNOp2p(casesp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeCase() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeCase)
     virtual int   instrCount()	const { return instrCountBranch(); }
     AstNode*	  exprp()	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = case condition <expression>
     AstCaseItem*  itemsp()	const { return op2p()->castCaseItem(); }  // op2 = list of case expressions
@@ -892,8 +1007,19 @@ struct AstNodeCase : public AstNodeStmt {
     void addNotParallelp(AstNode* nodep) { setOp3p(nodep); }
 };
 
+struct AstNodeSenItem : public AstNode {
+    // An AstSenItem or AstSenGate
+    AstNodeSenItem(FileLine* fl) : AstNode(fl) {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeSenItem)
+    virtual bool isClocked() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isCombo() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isInitial() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isSettle() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isNever() const = 0;
+};
+
 class AstNodeVarRef : public AstNodeMath {
-    // A AstVarRef or AstVarXRef
+    // An AstVarRef or AstVarXRef
 private:
     bool	m_lvalue;	// Left hand side assignment
     AstVar*	m_varp;		// [AfterLink] Pointer to variable itself
@@ -912,7 +1038,7 @@ public:
 	// May have varp==NULL
 	if (m_varp) widthSignedFrom((AstNode*)m_varp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeVarRef() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeVarRef)
     virtual bool broken() const;
     virtual int instrCount() const { return widthInstrs(); }
     virtual void cloneRelink();
@@ -928,6 +1054,9 @@ public:
     void hiername(const string& hn) { m_hiername = hn; }
     bool hierThis() const { return m_hierThis; }
     void hierThis(bool flag) { m_hierThis = flag; }
+    // Know no children, and hot function, so skip iterator for speed
+    // See checkTreeIter also that asserts no children
+    void iterateChildren(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { }
 };
 
 class AstNodePli : public AstNodeStmt {
@@ -936,7 +1065,7 @@ public:
     AstNodePli(FileLine* fl, const string& text, AstNode* exprsp)
 	: AstNodeStmt(fl), m_text(text) {
 	addNOp1p(exprsp); }
-    virtual ~AstNodePli() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodePli)
     virtual string name()	const { return m_text; }
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return instrCountPli(); }
     void exprsp(AstNode* nodep)	{ addOp1p(nodep); }	// op1 = Expressions to output
@@ -955,7 +1084,7 @@ public:
 	: AstNode(fileline) {
 	m_text = textp;	// Copy it
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeText() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeText)
     const string& text() const { return m_text; }
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(text()); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const {
@@ -985,7 +1114,7 @@ public:
 	, m_name(name), m_taskPublic(false) {
 	addNOp3p(stmtsp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeFTask() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeFTask)
     virtual void dump(ostream& str=cout);
     virtual string name()	const { return m_name; }		// * = Var name
     virtual bool maybePointedTo() const { return true; }
@@ -1011,7 +1140,7 @@ public:
 	, m_taskp(NULL) {
 	setOp1p(namep);	addNOp2p(pinsp);
     }
-    virtual ~AstNodeFTaskRef() {}
+    ASTNODE_BASE_FUNCS(NodeFTaskRef)
     virtual bool broken() const { return m_taskp && !m_taskp->brokeExists(); }
     virtual void cloneRelink() { if (m_taskp && m_taskp->clonep()) {
 	m_taskp = m_taskp->clonep()->castNodeFTask();

src/V3AstNodes.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <vector>
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ void AstNodeVarRef::cloneRelink() {
 }
 
 int AstNodeSel::bitConst() const {
-    AstConst* constp=bitp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->asInt():0);
+    AstConst* constp=bitp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->toSInt():0);
 }
 
 bool AstVar::isSigPublic() const {
-    return (m_sigPublic || (v3Global.opt.allPublic() && !isTemp()));
+    return (m_sigPublic || (v3Global.opt.allPublic() && !isTemp() && !isGenVar()));
 }
 
 bool AstVar::isScQuad() const {
@@ -163,113 +163,30 @@ string AstScope::nameDotless() const {
     return dotless;
 }
 
-struct AstSenItemCmp {
-    inline bool operator () (const AstSenItem* lhsp, const AstSenItem* rhsp) const {
-	// Looks visually better if we keep sorted by name
-	if (lhsp->edgeType() < rhsp->edgeType()) return true;
-	if (lhsp->edgeType() > rhsp->edgeType()) return false;
-	if (!lhsp->varrefp() &&  rhsp->varrefp()) return true;
-	if ( lhsp->varrefp() && !rhsp->varrefp()) return false;
-	if (lhsp->varrefp() && rhsp->varrefp()) {
-	    if (lhsp->varrefp()->name() < rhsp->varrefp()->name()) return true;
-	    if (lhsp->varrefp()->name() > rhsp->varrefp()->name()) return false;
-	    // But might be same name with different scopes
-	    if (lhsp->varrefp()->varScopep() < rhsp->varrefp()->varScopep()) return true;
-	    if (lhsp->varrefp()->varScopep() > rhsp->varrefp()->varScopep()) return false;
-	}
-	return false;
-    }
-};
-
-void AstSenTree::sortSenses() {
-    // Sort the sensitivity names so "posedge a or b" and "posedge b or a" end up together.
-    // Also, remove duplicate assignments, and fold POS&NEGs into ANYEDGEs
-    //cout<<endl; this->dumpTree(cout,"ssin: ");
-    AstSenItem* nextp;
-    // Make things a little faster; check first if we need a sort
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
-	nextp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem();
-	AstSenItemCmp cmp;
-	if (nextp && !cmp(senp, nextp)) {
-	    // Something's out of order, sort it
-	    senp = NULL;
-	    vector<AstSenItem*> vec;
-	    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
-		vec.push_back(senp);
-	    }
-	    sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), AstSenItemCmp());
-	    for (vector<AstSenItem*>::iterator it=vec.begin(); it!=vec.end(); ++it) {
-		(*it)->unlinkFrBack();
-	    }
-	    for (vector<AstSenItem*>::iterator it=vec.begin(); it!=vec.end(); ++it) {
-		this->addSensesp(*it);
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-
-    // Pass2, remove dup edges
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=nextp) {
-	nextp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem();
-	AstSenItem* cmpp = nextp;
-	if (cmpp
-	    && ((senp->varrefp() && cmpp->varrefp() && senp->varrefp()->sameTree(cmpp->varrefp()))
-		|| (!senp->varrefp() && !cmpp->varrefp()))) {
-	    // We've sorted in the order ANY, BOTH, POS, NEG, so we don't need to try opposite orders
-	    if ((   senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::ANYEDGE)    // ANY  or {BOTH|POS|NEG} -> ANY
-		|| (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE)   // BOTH or {POS|NEG} -> BOTH
-		|| (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE     // POS  or NEG -> BOTH
-		    && cmpp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE)
-		|| (senp->edgeType()==cmpp->edgeType())		// Identical edges
-		) {
-		// Fix edge of old node
-		if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE
-		    && cmpp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE)
-		    senp->edgeType(AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE);
-		// Remove redundant node
-		cmpp->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); cmpp=NULL;
-		// Try to collapse again
-		nextp=senp;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-    // Pass3, remove nevers
-    if (sensesp()->nextp()) {   // Else only one never, can't remove it
-	for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=nextp) {
-	    nextp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem();
-	    if (senp->isNever()) {
-		senp->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); senp=NULL;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    //this->dumpTree(cout,"ssou: ");
-}
-
 bool AstSenTree::hasClocked() {
     if (!sensesp()) this->v3fatalSrc("SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
+    for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
 	if (senp->isClocked()) return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 bool AstSenTree::hasSettle() {
     if (!sensesp()) this->v3fatalSrc("SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
+    for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
 	if (senp->isSettle()) return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 bool AstSenTree::hasInitial() {
     if (!sensesp()) this->v3fatalSrc("SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
+    for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
 	if (senp->isInitial()) return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 bool AstSenTree::hasCombo() {
     if (!sensesp()) this->v3fatalSrc("SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
-    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
+    for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
 	if (senp->isCombo()) return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -392,6 +309,12 @@ void AstNodeFTask::dump(ostream& str) {
 }
 void AstCoverDecl::dump(ostream& str) {
     this->AstNode::dump(str);
+    if (this->dataDeclNullp()) {
+	str<<" -> ";
+	this->dataDeclNullp()->dump(str);
+    } else {
+	if (binNum()) { str<<" bin"<<dec<<binNum(); }
+    }
 }
 void AstCoverInc::dump(ostream& str) {
     this->AstNode::dump(str);
@@ -417,3 +340,7 @@ void AstCCall::dump(ostream& str) {
 	funcp()->dump(str);
     }
 }
+void AstCFunc::dump(ostream& str) {
+    this->AstNode::dump(str);
+    if (slow()) str<<" [SLOW]";
+}

src/V3Begin.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -28,10 +28,9 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -143,6 +142,11 @@ private:
 	}
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverDecl* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Don't need to fix path in coverage statements, they're not under
+	// any BEGINs, but V3Coverage adds them all under the module itself.
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }

src/V3Begin.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Branch.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3Branch.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Broken.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>

src/V3Broken.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Case.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ private:
 	}
 
 	// Check for X/Z in non-casex statements
-	if (!nodep->castCase() || !nodep->castCase()->casex()) {
+	{
 	    m_caseExprp = nodep;
 	    nodep->exprp()->accept(*this);
 	    for (AstCaseItem* itemp = nodep->itemsp(); itemp; itemp=itemp->nextp()->castCaseItem()) {
@@ -83,11 +83,18 @@ private:
 	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstConst* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// See also neverItem
 	if (m_caseExprp && nodep->num().isFourState()) {
 	    if (m_caseExprp->castGenCase()) {
 		nodep->v3error("Use of x/? constant in generate case statement, (no such thing as 'generate casez')");
+	    } else if (m_caseExprp->castCase() && m_caseExprp->castCase()->casex()) {
+		// Don't sweat it, we already complained about casex in general
+	    } else if (m_caseExprp->castCase() && m_caseExprp->castCase()->casez()) {
+		if (nodep->num().isUnknown()) {
+		    nodep->v3warn(CASEWITHX, "Use of x constant in casez statement, (perhaps intended ?/z in constant)");
+		}
 	    } else {
-		nodep->v3error("Use of x/? constant in case statement, (perhaps intended casex/casez)");
+		nodep->v3warn(CASEWITHX, "Use of x/? constant in case statement, (perhaps intended casex/casez)");
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -111,6 +118,7 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Cleared each Case
     //  AstIf::user3()		-> bool.  Set true to indicate clone not needed
+    AstUser3InUse	m_inuser3;
 
     // STATE
     V3Double0	m_statCaseFast;	// Statistic tracking
@@ -152,20 +160,24 @@ private:
 		//if (debug()>=9) icondp->dumpTree(cout," caseitem: ");
 		AstConst* iconstp = icondp->castConst();
 		if (!iconstp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("above 'can't parse' should have caught this\n");
-		V3Number nummask (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
-		nummask.opBitsNonX(iconstp->num());
-		uint32_t mask = nummask.asInt();
-		V3Number numval  (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
-		numval.opBitsOne(iconstp->num());
-		uint32_t val  = numval.asInt();
-		for (uint32_t i=0; i<(1UL<<m_caseWidth); i++) {
-		    if ((i & mask) == val) {
-			if (!m_valueItem[i]) {
-			    m_valueItem[i] = itemp;
-			} else if (!itemp->ignoreOverlap() && !bitched) {
-			    itemp->v3warn(CASEOVERLAP,"Case values overlap (example pattern 0x"<<hex<<i<<")");
-			    bitched = true;
-			    m_caseNoOverlapsAllCovered = false;
+		if (neverItem(nodep, iconstp)) {
+		    // X in casez can't ever be executed
+		} else {
+		    V3Number nummask (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
+		    nummask.opBitsNonX(iconstp->num());
+		    uint32_t mask = nummask.toUInt();
+		    V3Number numval  (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
+		    numval.opBitsOne(iconstp->num());
+		    uint32_t val  = numval.toUInt();
+		    for (uint32_t i=0; i<(1UL<<m_caseWidth); i++) {
+			if ((i & mask) == val) {
+			    if (!m_valueItem[i]) {
+				m_valueItem[i] = itemp;
+			    } else if (!itemp->ignoreOverlap() && !bitched) {
+				itemp->v3warn(CASEOVERLAP,"Case values overlap (example pattern 0x"<<hex<<i<<")");
+				bitched = true;
+				m_caseNoOverlapsAllCovered = false;
+			    }
 			}
 		    }
 		}
@@ -296,8 +308,15 @@ private:
 		    AstNode* and1p;
 		    AstNode* and2p;
 		    AstConst* iconstp = icondp->castConst();
-		    if (iconstp && iconstp->num().isFourState()
-			&& nodep->casex()) {
+		    if (iconstp && neverItem(nodep, iconstp)) {
+			// X in casez can't ever be executed
+			icondp->deleteTree(); icondp=NULL; iconstp=NULL;
+			// For simplicity, make expression that is not equal, and let later
+			// optimizations remove it
+			and1p = new AstConst(itemp->fileline(), V3Number(itemp->fileline(),1,0));
+			and2p = new AstConst(itemp->fileline(), V3Number(itemp->fileline(),1,1));
+		    } else if (iconstp && iconstp->num().isFourState()
+			       && (nodep->casex() || nodep->casez())) {
 			V3Number nummask (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
 			nummask.opBitsNonX(iconstp->num());
 			V3Number numval  (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
@@ -394,6 +413,17 @@ private:
 	}
     }
 
+    bool neverItem(AstCase* casep, AstConst* itemp) {
+	// Xs in case or casez are impossible due to two state simulations
+	if (casep->casex()) {
+	} else if (casep->casez()) {
+	    if (itemp->num().isUnknown()) return true;
+	} else {
+	    if (itemp->num().isFourState()) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+    }
+
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstCase* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	V3Case::caseLint(nodep);

src/V3Case.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Cast.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Entire netlist:
     //   AstNode::user()		// bool.  Indicates node is of known size
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // STATE
     //int debug() { return 9; }
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ private:
 	//if (debug()>8) castp->dumpTree(cout,"-castins: ");
 	//
 	insureLower32Cast(castp);
-	nodep->user(1);  // Now must be of known size
+	nodep->user1(1);  // Now must be of known size
     }
     int castSize (AstNode* nodep) {
 	if (nodep->isQuad()) return VL_QUADSIZE;
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ private:
     }
     void insureCast(AstNode* nodep) {
 	if (castSize(nodep->backp()) != castSize(nodep)
-	    || !nodep->user()) {
+	    || !nodep->user1()) {
 	    insertCast(nodep, castSize(nodep->backp()));
 	}
     }
@@ -104,21 +105,21 @@ private:
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstNodeUniop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->user(nodep->lhsp()->user());
+	nodep->user1(nodep->lhsp()->user1());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersLhs()) insureCast(nodep->lhsp());
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeBiop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->user(nodep->lhsp()->user()
-		    | nodep->rhsp()->user());
+	nodep->user1(nodep->lhsp()->user1()
+		    | nodep->rhsp()->user1());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersLhs()) insureCast(nodep->lhsp());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersRhs()) insureCast(nodep->rhsp());
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeTriop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->user(nodep->lhsp()->user()
-		    | nodep->rhsp()->user()
-		    | nodep->thsp()->user());
+	nodep->user1(nodep->lhsp()->user1()
+		    | nodep->rhsp()->user1()
+		    | nodep->thsp()->user1());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersLhs()) insureCast(nodep->lhsp());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersRhs()) insureCast(nodep->rhsp());
 	if (nodep->sizeMattersThs()) insureCast(nodep->thsp());
@@ -126,11 +127,11 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstCast* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	insureLower32Cast(nodep);
-	nodep->user(1);
+	nodep->user1(1);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstUnaryMin* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->user(nodep->lhsp()->user());
+	nodep->user1(nodep->lhsp()->user1());
 	if (nodep->lhsp()->widthMin()==1) {
 	    // We want to avoid a GCC "converting of negative value" warning
 	    // from our expansion of
@@ -150,13 +151,13 @@ private:
 	    //  CData x=3;  out = (QData)(x<<30);
 	    insertCast (nodep, castSize(nodep));
 	}
-	nodep->user(1);
+	nodep->user1(1);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstConst* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Constants are of unknown size if smaller than 33 bits, becase
 	// we're too lazy to wrap every constant in the universe in
 	// ((IData)#).
-	nodep->user(nodep->isQuad() || nodep->isWide());
+	nodep->user1(nodep->isQuad() || nodep->isWide());
     }
 
     // NOPs
@@ -171,7 +172,6 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTUCTORS
     CastVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~CastVisitor() {}

src/V3Cast.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Changed.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <set>
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ class ChangedVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Entire netlist:
-    //  AstVarScope::user()		-> bool.  True indicates processed
+    //  AstVarScope::user1()		-> bool.  True indicates processed
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+
     // STATE
     AstModule*		m_topModp;	// Top module
     AstScope*		m_scopetopp;	// Scope under TOPSCOPE
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ private:
 	vscp->v3fatalSrc("Not applicable\n");
 #endif
 	AstVar* varp = vscp->varp();
+	vscp->v3warn(IMPERFECTSCH,"Imperfect scheduling of variable: "<<vscp);
 	if (varp->arraysp()) {
 	    vscp->v3error("Unsupported: Can't detect changes on arrayed variable (probably with UNOPTFLAT warning suppressed): "<<varp->prettyName());
 	} else {
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstTopScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," TS "<<nodep<<endl);
 	// Clearing
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
+	AstNode::user1ClearTree();
 	// Create the change detection function
 	AstScope* scopep = nodep->scopep();
 	if (!scopep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("No scope found on top level, perhaps you have no statements?\n");
@@ -119,8 +122,8 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstVarScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	if (nodep->isCircular()) {
 	    UINFO(8,"  CIRC "<<nodep<<endl);
-	    if (!nodep->user()) {
-		nodep->user(true);
+	    if (!nodep->user1()) {
+		nodep->user1(true);
 		genChangeDet(nodep);
 	    }
 	}

src/V3Changed.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Clean.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ private:
     // Entire netlist:
     //  AstNode::user()		-> CleanState.  For this node, 0==UNKNOWN
     //  AstNode::user2()	-> bool.  True indicates minWidth has been propagated
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+    AstUser2InUse	m_inuser2;
 
     // STATE
     AstModule* m_modp;
@@ -78,10 +80,10 @@ private:
 
     // Store the clean state in the userp on each node
     void setCleanState(AstNode* nodep, CleanState clean) {
-	nodep->user(clean);
+	nodep->user1(clean);
     }
     CleanState getCleanState(AstNode* nodep) {
-	return ((CleanState)nodep->user());
+	return ((CleanState)nodep->user1());
     }
     bool isClean(AstNode* nodep) {
 	CleanState clstate = getCleanState(nodep);
@@ -155,6 +157,7 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstModule* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeUniop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
@@ -256,8 +259,6 @@ public:
     CleanVisitor() {}
     virtual ~CleanVisitor() {}
     void main(AstNetlist* nodep) {
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
-	AstNode::user2ClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
 };

src/V3Clean.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3ClkGater.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,913 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//*************************************************************************
+// DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Break always into sensitivity active domains
+//
+// Code available from: http://www.veripool.org/verilator
+//
+// AUTHORS: Wilson Snyder with Paul Wasson, Duane Gabli
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+//
+// Copyright 2008-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+// General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+//
+// Verilator is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+// V3ClkGater's Transformations:
+//
+//   Look for clock gaters
+//   Note there's overlap between this process and V3Split's
+//	ALWAYS: Build graph
+// 	    IF: Form vertex pointing to any IFs or ALWAYS above
+//	    VARREF: Form vertex pointing to IFs it is under
+//	    ASSIGN: If under normal assignment, disable optimization
+//          FUTURE OPTIMIZE: If signal is set to itself, consider that OK for gating.
+// 	    !splitable: Mark all VARREFs in this statement as comming from it
+//	Optimize graph so if signal is referenced under multiple IF branches it moves up
+//	Make ALWAYS for each new gating term, and move statements there
+//*************************************************************************
+
+#include "config_build.h"
+#include "verilatedos.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "V3Global.h"
+#include "V3Ast.h"
+#include "V3Stats.h"
+#include "V3Graph.h"
+#include "V3ClkGater.h"
+
+//######################################################################
+// Base for debug
+
+class GaterBaseVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
+protected:
+    //int debug() { return 9; }
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Support classes
+
+class GaterVarVertex;
+
+class GaterVertex : public V3GraphVertex {
+    static uint32_t s_rankNum;
+public:
+    GaterVertex(V3Graph* graphp)
+	: V3GraphVertex(graphp) {
+	s_rankNum++; rank(s_rankNum);
+    }
+    virtual ~GaterVertex() {}
+    virtual int typeNum() const = 0;
+    static void clearRank() { s_rankNum=0; }
+    virtual int sortCmp(const V3GraphVertex* rhsp) const;
+};
+uint32_t GaterVertex::s_rankNum = 0;
+
+class GaterHeadVertex : public GaterVertex {
+public:
+    GaterHeadVertex(V3Graph* graphp)
+	: GaterVertex(graphp) {}
+    virtual ~GaterHeadVertex() {}
+    virtual int typeNum() const { return __LINE__; }  // C++ typeof() equivelent
+    virtual string name() const { return "*HEAD*"; }
+    virtual string dotColor() const { return "green"; }
+};
+
+class GaterPliVertex : public GaterVertex {
+public:
+    GaterPliVertex(V3Graph* graphp)
+	: GaterVertex(graphp) {}
+    virtual ~GaterPliVertex() {}
+    virtual int typeNum() const { return __LINE__; }  // C++ typeof() equivelent
+    virtual string name() const { return "*PLI*"; }
+    virtual string dotColor() const { return "red"; }
+};
+
+class GaterIfVertex : public GaterVertex {
+    AstNodeIf*	m_nodep;
+public:
+    AstNodeIf* nodep() const { return m_nodep; }
+    GaterIfVertex(V3Graph* graphp, AstNodeIf* nodep)
+	: GaterVertex(graphp), m_nodep(nodep) { }
+    virtual ~GaterIfVertex() {}
+    virtual int typeNum() const { return __LINE__; }  // C++ typeof() equivelent
+    virtual string name() const { return cvtToStr((void*)m_nodep)+" {"+cvtToStr(m_nodep->fileline()->lineno())+"}"; }
+};
+
+class GaterVarVertex : public GaterVertex {
+    AstVarScope*	m_nodep;
+public:
+    AstVarScope* nodep() const { return m_nodep; }
+    GaterVarVertex(V3Graph* graphp, AstVarScope* nodep)
+	: GaterVertex(graphp), m_nodep(nodep) { }
+    virtual ~GaterVarVertex() {}
+    virtual int typeNum() const { return __LINE__; }  // C++ typeof() equivelent
+    virtual string name() const { return nodep()->name(); }
+    virtual string dotColor() const { return "skyblue"; }
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Edge types
+
+class GaterEdge : public V3GraphEdge {
+    uint32_t	m_ifelse;	// True branch of if
+public:
+    // These are used as shift amounts into node's user()
+#define VU_DEFINE  enum VarUsage { VU_NONE=0, VU_IF=1, VU_ELSE=2, VU_PLI=4, VU_MADE=8}
+    VU_DEFINE;
+
+    uint32_t ifelse() const { return m_ifelse; }
+    bool ifelseTrue()  const { return m_ifelse & VU_IF; }
+    bool ifelseFalse() const { return m_ifelse & VU_ELSE; }
+    bool ifelseBoth() const { return ifelseTrue() && ifelseFalse(); }
+    GaterEdge(V3Graph* graphp, V3GraphVertex* fromp, V3GraphVertex* top, uint32_t ifelse)
+	: V3GraphEdge(graphp, fromp, top, 10, false), m_ifelse(ifelse) {}
+    virtual ~GaterEdge() {}
+    virtual string dotColor() const { return ((ifelse() & VU_PLI) ? "red"
+					      : (ifelseBoth() ? "blue"
+						 : (ifelseTrue() ? "green"
+						    : "darkgreen"))); }
+    virtual int sortCmp(const V3GraphEdge* rEdgep) const {
+	// Our master sort sorts by edges first, so we don't want to
+	// consider the upstream vertex::sortCmp when sorting by edges.
+	// We do want to order by something though; rank works
+	if (fromp()->rank() < rEdgep->fromp()->rank()) return -1;
+	if (fromp()->rank() > rEdgep->fromp()->rank()) return 1;
+	// If same, resolve by ifelse
+	const GaterEdge* crEdgep = static_cast<const GaterEdge*>(rEdgep);
+	if (m_ifelse < crEdgep->m_ifelse) return -1;
+	if (m_ifelse > crEdgep->m_ifelse) return 1;
+	return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+int GaterVertex::sortCmp(const V3GraphVertex* rhsp) const {
+    const GaterVertex* crhsp = static_cast<const GaterVertex*>(rhsp);
+    // We really only care about ordering Var's together, but...
+    // First put same type together
+    if (typeNum() < crhsp->typeNum()) return -1;
+    if (typeNum() > crhsp->typeNum()) return 1;
+    // If variable, group by same input fanin
+    // (know they're the same type based on above compare)
+    if (dynamic_cast<const GaterVarVertex*>(this)) {
+	// We've already sorted by edges, so just see if same tree
+	// If this gets too slow, we could compute a hash up front
+	V3GraphEdge* lEdgep = this->inBeginp();
+	V3GraphEdge* rEdgep = rhsp->inBeginp();
+	while (lEdgep && rEdgep) {
+	    const GaterEdge* clEdgep = static_cast<const GaterEdge*>(lEdgep);
+	    const GaterEdge* crEdgep = static_cast<const GaterEdge*>(rEdgep);
+	    if (lEdgep->fromp()->rank() < rEdgep->fromp()->rank()) return -1;
+	    if (lEdgep->fromp()->rank() > rEdgep->fromp()->rank()) return 1;
+	    if (clEdgep->ifelse() < crEdgep->ifelse()) return -1;
+	    if (clEdgep->ifelse() > crEdgep->ifelse()) return 1;
+	    lEdgep = lEdgep->inNextp();
+	    rEdgep = rEdgep->inNextp();
+	}
+	if (!lEdgep && !rEdgep) return 0;
+	return lEdgep ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+    // Finally by rank of this vertex
+    if (rank() < rhsp->rank()) return -1;
+    if (rank() > rhsp->rank()) return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//######################################################################
+// Check for non-simple gating equations
+
+class GaterCondVisitor : public GaterBaseVisitor {
+private:
+    // RETURN STATE
+    bool		m_isSimple;	// Set false when we know it isn't simple
+    // METHODS
+    inline void okIterate(AstNode* nodep) {
+	if (m_isSimple) nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+    // VISITORS
+    virtual void visit(AstOr* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstAnd* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstNot* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstLogOr* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstLogAnd* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstLogNot* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {	okIterate(nodep); }
+
+    // Other possibilities are equals, etc
+    // But, we don't want to get too complicated or it will take too much
+    // effort to calculate the gater
+
+    virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	m_isSimple = false;
+	//nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+public:
+    // CONSTUCTORS
+    GaterCondVisitor(AstNode* nodep) {
+	m_isSimple = true;
+	nodep->accept(*this);
+    }
+    virtual ~GaterCondVisitor() {}
+    // PUBLIC METHODS
+    bool isSimple() const { return m_isSimple; }
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Check for non-simple gating equations
+
+class GaterBodyVisitor : public GaterBaseVisitor {
+    // NODE STATE
+    // Input state
+    //  AstVarScope::user2p()	-> AstAlways* moving this variable to
+
+    enum State {
+	// This is used as a bitmask
+	STATE_UNKNOWN=0,
+	STATE_KEEP=1,	// Seen a variable we need, keep this statement
+	STATE_DELETE=2	// Seen a variable we need, delete this statement
+	// 3=keep & delete
+    };
+
+    bool	m_original;	// Deleting original statements, vs deleting new var statements
+    AstNode*	m_exprp;	// New gater expression we are building
+    bool	m_cloning;	// Clone this object 0=not sure yet, 1=do
+    uint32_t	m_state;	// Parsing state
+
+    // VISITORS
+    virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (nodep->lvalue()) {
+	    AstVarScope* vscp = nodep->varScopep();
+	    if (vscp->user2p()->castNode() == m_exprp) {
+		// This variable's block needs to move to the new always
+		if (m_original) {
+		    UINFO(9,"  VARREF delete in old: "<<nodep<<endl);
+		    m_state |= STATE_DELETE;
+		} else {
+		    UINFO(9,"  VARREF stays in new:  "<<nodep<<endl);
+		    m_state |= STATE_KEEP;
+		}
+	    } else {
+		if (m_original) {
+		    UINFO(9,"  VARREF other stays in old\n");
+		    m_state |= STATE_KEEP;
+		} else {
+		    UINFO(9,"  VARREF other delete in new\n");
+		    m_state |= STATE_DELETE;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    //virtual void visit(AstNodeIf* nodep, AstNUser*) { ... }
+    // Not needed, it's the same handling as any other statement.  Cool, huh?
+    // (We may get empty IFs but the constant propagater will rip them up for us)
+
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeStmt* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	uint32_t oldstate = m_state;
+	// Find if children want to delete this or not.
+	// Note children may bicker, and want to both keep and delete (branches on a if)
+	uint32_t childstate;
+	{
+	    m_state = STATE_UNKNOWN;
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	    childstate = m_state;
+	}
+	m_state = oldstate;
+	UINFO(9,"    Did state="<<childstate<<"  "<<nodep<<endl);
+
+	// Indeterminate (statement with no lvalue), so keep only in original
+	if (childstate == STATE_UNKNOWN) {
+	    if (m_original) childstate |= STATE_KEEP;
+	    else childstate |= STATE_DELETE;
+	}
+
+	if ((childstate & STATE_DELETE) && !(childstate & STATE_KEEP)) {
+	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+	    // Pass upwards we did delete
+	    m_state |= STATE_DELETE;
+	} else {
+	    // Pass upwards we must keep
+	    m_state |= STATE_KEEP;
+	}
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+public:
+    // CONSTUCTORS
+    GaterBodyVisitor(AstAlways* nodep, AstNode* exprp, bool original) {
+	m_exprp = exprp;
+	m_original = original;
+	m_state = STATE_UNKNOWN;
+	if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  GateBodyIn:  ");
+	nodep->bodysp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  GateBodyOut: ");
+	// If there's no statements we shouldn't have had a resulting graph
+	// vertex asking for this creation
+    }
+    virtual ~GaterBodyVisitor() {}
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Create clock gaters
+
+class GaterVisitor : public GaterBaseVisitor {
+    // NODE STATE
+    // Cleared on Always
+    //  AstVarScope::user1p()	-> GaterVarVertex*
+    //  AstAlways::user4()	-> bool.  True indicates processed
+    // Cleared on each new Always
+    //  AstVarScope::user2p()	-> AstAlways* moving this variable to
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+    AstUser2InUse	m_inuser2;
+    AstUser4InUse	m_inuser4;
+
+    // GRAPH STATE
+    // Cleared on simplify
+    //  Vertex::user()		-> VarUsage: Mark of which if/else edges are hit
+
+    // TYPES
+    VU_DEFINE;
+
+    enum MiscConsts {
+	IF_DEPTH_MAX = 4,	// IFs deep we bother to analyze
+	DOMAINS_MAX = 32	// Clock domains before avoiding O(N^2) blowup
+    };
+
+    // MEMBERS
+    string	m_nonopt;		// Reason block is not optimizable
+    V3Double0	m_statGaters;		// Statistic tracking
+    V3Double0	m_statBits;		// Statistic tracking
+    bool	m_directlyUnderAlw;	// Immediately under Always or If
+    int		m_ifDepth;		// Depth of IF statements
+    int		m_numIfs;		// Number of IF statements
+    V3Graph	m_graph;		// Scoreboard of var usages/dependencies
+    GaterPliVertex*	m_pliVertexp;	// Element specifying PLI ordering
+    GaterHeadVertex*	m_headVertexp;	// Top vertex
+    V3GraphVertex*	m_aboveVertexp;	// Vertex above this point in tree
+    uint32_t		m_aboveTrue;	// Vertex above this point is true branch
+    AstVarScope*	m_stmtVscp;	// Current statement had variable assigned
+    bool		m_stmtInPli;	// Current statement has PLI
+
+    // METHODS
+    void nonOptimizable(AstNode* nodep, const char* reasonp) {
+	if (m_nonopt=="") {
+	    UINFO(9,"    Nonopt: "<<reasonp<<": "<<nodep<<endl);
+	    m_nonopt = reasonp;
+	}
+    }
+    void scoreboardPli(AstNode* nodep) {
+	// Order all PLI statements with other PLI statements
+	// This insures $display's and such remain in proper order
+	// We don't prevent splitting out other non-pli statements, however,
+	// because it is common to have $uasserts sprinkled about.
+	if (!m_pliVertexp) {
+	    m_pliVertexp = new GaterPliVertex(&m_graph);
+	}
+	if (m_stmtVscp) {  // Already saw a variable, be sure to mark it!
+	    GaterVarVertex* varVtxp = (GaterVarVertex*)(m_stmtVscp->user1p());
+	    new GaterEdge(&m_graph, m_pliVertexp, varVtxp, VU_PLI);
+	}
+	m_stmtInPli = true;  // Mark all followon variables too
+    }
+
+    // METHODS -- GRAPH stuff
+    void simplifyGraph() {
+	if (debug()>=9) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gater_init", false);
+
+	// We now have all PLI variables with edges FROM the pli vertex
+	simplifyPli();
+	if (debug()>=9) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gater_pli", false);
+
+	// Any vertex that points along both true & false path to variable
+	// can be simplfied so parent points to that vertex.  Any vertex
+	// that points to a (great...) grandparent of a variable can just
+	// point to the edge.
+	m_graph.userClearVertices();	// user() will contain VarUsage
+	simplifyIfElseRecurse(m_headVertexp);
+	if (debug()>=9) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gater_ifelse", false);
+
+	m_graph.userClearVertices();	// user() will contain VarUsage
+	simplifyGrandRecurse(m_headVertexp, 1);
+	if (debug()>=9) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gater_grand", false);
+
+	simplifyRemoveUngated(m_headVertexp);
+
+	// Give all signals with same gating term same color
+	graphColorSameFeeder();
+
+	if (debug()>=9) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gater_done", false);
+    }
+
+    void simplifyPli() {
+	// For now, we'll not gate any logic with PLI lvariables in it.  In
+	// the future we may move PLI statements.  One way to do so is to
+	// all below pli VARs to go IfVertex -> PliVertex -> VarVertex then
+	// they all must get colored the same. There may be a lot of
+	// duplicated edges to the PLI; they'll need cleanup.  All of the
+	// later optimizations need to deal, and the GaterBodyVisitor needs
+	// to know how to move them.
+	if (m_pliVertexp) {
+	    // Follow PLI out edges to find all relevant variables
+	    for (V3GraphEdge* nextp,* edgep = m_pliVertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep = nextp) {
+		nextp = edgep->outNextp();  // We may edit the list
+		if (GaterVarVertex* vVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(edgep->top())) {
+		    vVxp->unlinkDelete(&m_graph); vVxp=NULL; edgep=NULL;
+		} else {
+		    m_graph.dump();
+		    v3fatalSrc("PLI vertex points to non-signal");
+		}
+	    }
+	    m_pliVertexp->unlinkDelete(&m_graph); m_pliVertexp = NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+    void simplifyIfElseRecurse(V3GraphVertex* vertexp) {
+	// From bottom-up, propagate duplicate IF/ELSE branches to grandparent
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+	    simplifyIfElseRecurse(edgep->top());
+	}
+	//UINFO(9,"IERecurse "<<vertexp<<endl);
+	if (dynamic_cast<GaterIfVertex*>(vertexp)) {
+	    // Clear indications
+	    for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+		edgep->top()->user(VU_NONE);
+	    }
+	    // Mark nodes on to/from side
+	    for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+		V3GraphVertex* toVxp = edgep->top();
+		GaterEdge* cedgep = static_cast<GaterEdge*>(edgep);
+		// We may mark this twice in one pass - if so it's duplicated; no worries
+		if (cedgep->ifelseTrue()) toVxp->user(toVxp->user() | VU_IF);
+		if (cedgep->ifelseFalse()) toVxp->user(toVxp->user() | VU_ELSE);
+		//UINFO(9,"  mark "<<edgep<<" "<<toVxp<<endl);
+	    }
+	    // Any with both IF & ELSE mark get removal mark, and new parent edge
+	    for (V3GraphEdge* nextp,* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep = nextp) {
+		nextp = edgep->outNextp();  // We may edit the list
+		V3GraphVertex* toVxp = edgep->top();
+		//UINFO(9," to "<<toVxp->user()<<" "<<toVxp<<endl);
+		if ((toVxp->user() & VU_IF) && (toVxp->user() & VU_ELSE)) {
+		    edgep->unlinkDelete(); edgep = NULL;
+		    if (!(toVxp->user() & VU_MADE)) {   // Make an edge only once
+			toVxp->user(toVxp->user() | VU_MADE);
+			GaterEdge* inedgep = static_cast<GaterEdge*>(vertexp->inBeginp());
+			V3GraphVertex* grandparent = inedgep->fromp();
+			new GaterEdge(&m_graph, grandparent, toVxp, inedgep->ifelse());
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    void simplifyGrandRecurse(V3GraphVertex* vertexp, uint32_t depth) {
+	// From top-down delete any vars that grandparents source
+	// IE    A -> B -> C -> VAR
+	//         \----------^
+	//UINFO(9,"GRecurse "<<depth<<" "<<vertexp<<endl);
+	// Mark all variables to be swept
+	for (V3GraphEdge *nextp, *edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=nextp) {
+	    nextp = edgep->outNextp();  // We may edit the list
+	    if (GaterVarVertex* toVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(edgep->top())) {
+		if (toVxp->user() && toVxp->user() < depth) {
+		    // A recursion "above" us marked it,
+		    // Remove this edge, it's redundant with the upper edge
+		    edgep->unlinkDelete(); edgep=NULL;
+		} else {
+		    GaterEdge* cedgep = static_cast<GaterEdge*>(edgep);
+		    if (cedgep->ifelseBoth()) {
+			toVxp->user(depth);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	// Recurse
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+	    simplifyGrandRecurse(edgep->top(), depth+1);
+	}
+	// Clean our marks
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+	    V3GraphVertex* toVxp = edgep->top();
+	    if (toVxp->user() && toVxp->user() < depth) {  // A recursion "above" us marked it; don't mess with it
+	    } else {
+		toVxp->user(0);  // We marked it originally, so unmark now
+	    }
+	}
+	// Delete any If nodes with no children
+	// Last, as want bottom-up cleanup
+	for (V3GraphEdge *nextp, *edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=nextp) {
+	    nextp = edgep->outNextp();  // We may edit the list
+	    if (GaterIfVertex* toVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterIfVertex*>(edgep->top())) {
+		if (!toVxp->outBeginp()) {
+		    if (!nextp || nextp->top() != edgep->top()) {  // Else next would disappear; we'll do it next loop
+			toVxp->unlinkDelete(&m_graph); toVxp=NULL; edgep=NULL;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    void simplifyRemoveUngated(V3GraphVertex* vertexp) {
+	// Remove variables that are ungated
+	// At this point, any variable under the head is ungated
+	for (V3GraphEdge *nextp, *edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=nextp) {
+	    nextp = edgep->outNextp();  // We may edit the list
+	    if (GaterVarVertex* toVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(edgep->top())) {
+		if (!nextp || nextp->top() != edgep->top()) {  // Else next would disappear; we'll do it next loop
+		    toVxp->unlinkDelete(&m_graph); toVxp=NULL; edgep=NULL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    void graphColorSameFeeder() {
+	// Assign same color to all destination vertices that have same
+	// subgraph feeding into them
+	// (I.E. all "from" nodes are common within each color)
+	// We could hash, but instead it's faster to sort edges, so we know
+	// the same edge list is always adjacent.  The result is a
+	// O(vertices*edges) loop, but we'd need that to hash too.
+	if (debug()>9) { cout<<"PreColor:\n"; m_graph.dump(); }
+
+	m_graph.sortEdges();
+
+	// Now sort vertices, so same inbound edge set ends up adjacent
+	m_graph.sortVertices();
+
+	// Now walk and assign colors; same color is adjacent
+	m_graph.clearColors();
+	m_graph.userClearEdges(); // Used by newExprFromGraph
+	uint32_t color = 1;
+	GaterVarVertex* lastVxp	= NULL;
+	for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = m_graph.verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
+	    if (GaterVarVertex* vVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(vertexp)) {
+		if (!vVxp->inBeginp()) {
+		    // At this point, any variable not linked is an error
+		    // (It should have at least landed under the Head node)
+		    vVxp->nodep()->v3fatalSrc("Variable became stranded in clk gate detection\n");
+		}
+		if (!lastVxp || vVxp->sortCmp(lastVxp)) {
+		    // Different sources for this new node
+		    color++;
+		}
+		vVxp->color(color);
+		lastVxp = vVxp;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (debug()>9) { cout<<"PostColor:\n"; m_graph.dump(); }
+    }
+
+    AstNode* newExprFromGraph(GaterVarVertex* vertexp) {
+	// Recurse backwards, then form equation on return path
+	// We could use user()!=0, but zeroing it is slow, so instead we'll mark with a generation
+	// We get equations like "a | (!a & b)" which obviously could be reduced here,
+	// instead out of generality, there's a V3Const::matchOrAndNot that'll clean it up
+	static uint32_t s_generation = 0;
+	++s_generation;
+	nafgMarkRecurse(vertexp, s_generation);
+	AstNode* nodep = nafgCreateRecurse(m_headVertexp, s_generation);
+	if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  GateExpr: ");
+	return nodep;
+    }
+    void nafgMarkRecurse(V3GraphVertex* vertexp, uint32_t generation) {
+	// Backwards mark user() on the path we recurse
+	//UINFO(9," nafgMark: v "<<(void*)(vertexp)<<" "<<vertexp->name()<<endl);
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->inBeginp(); edgep; edgep = edgep->inNextp()) {
+	    //UINFO(9," nafgMark: "<<(void*)(edgep)<<" "<<edgep->name()<<endl);
+	    edgep->user(generation);
+	    nafgMarkRecurse(edgep->fromp(), generation);
+	}
+    }
+    AstNode* nafgCreateRecurse(V3GraphVertex* vertexp, uint32_t generation) {
+	// Forewards follow user() marked previously and build tree
+	AstNode* nodep = NULL;
+	// OR across all edges found at this level
+	//UINFO(9," nafgEnter: v "<<(void*)(vertexp)<<" "<<vertexp->name()<<endl);
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep = edgep->outNextp()) {
+	    if (edgep->user() == generation) {
+		GaterEdge* cedgep = static_cast<GaterEdge*>(edgep);
+		AstNode* eqnp = NULL;
+		//UINFO(9," nafgFollow: "<<(void*)(edgep)<<" "<<edgep->name()<<endl);
+		if (dynamic_cast<GaterHeadVertex*>(edgep->fromp())) {
+		    // Just OR in all lower terms
+		    eqnp = nafgCreateRecurse(edgep->top(), generation);
+		} else if (GaterIfVertex* cVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterIfVertex*>(edgep->fromp())) {
+		    // Edges from IFs represent a real IF branch in the equation tree
+		    //UINFO(9,"  ifver "<<(void*)(edgep)<<" cc"<<edgep->dotColor()<<endl);
+		    eqnp = cVxp->nodep()->condp()->cloneTree(true);
+		    if (eqnp && cedgep->ifelseFalse()) {
+			eqnp = new AstNot(eqnp->fileline(),eqnp);
+		    }
+		    // We need to AND this term onto whatever was found below it
+		    AstNode* belowp = nafgCreateRecurse(edgep->top(), generation);
+		    if (belowp) eqnp = new AstAnd(eqnp->fileline(),eqnp,belowp);
+		}
+		// Top level we could choose to make multiple gaters, or ORs under the gater
+		// Right now we'll put OR lower down and let other optimizations deal
+		if (nodep) nodep = new AstOr(eqnp->fileline(),nodep,eqnp);
+		else nodep = eqnp;
+		//if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"      followExpr: ");
+	    }
+	}
+	//UINFO(9," nafgExit:  "<<(void*)(vertexp)<<" "<<vertexp->name()<<endl);
+	return nodep;
+    }
+
+    void newAlwaysTrees(AstAlways* nodep) {
+	// Across all variables we're moving
+	uint32_t lastColor = 0;
+	AstNode* lastExprp = NULL;
+	for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = m_graph.verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
+	    if (GaterVarVertex* vVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(vertexp)) {
+		if (!lastExprp || lastColor != vVxp->color()) {
+		    lastColor = vVxp->color();
+		    // Create the block we've just finished
+		    if (lastExprp) newAlwaysTree(nodep, lastExprp); // Duplicate below
+		    // New expression for this color
+		    lastExprp = newExprFromGraph(vVxp);
+		}
+		// Mark variable to move
+		if (vVxp->nodep()->user2p()) vVxp->nodep()->v3fatalSrc("One variable got marked under two gaters");
+		vVxp->nodep()->user2p(lastExprp);
+		m_statBits += vVxp->nodep()->width();  // Moving a wide bus counts more!
+		// There shouldn't be two possibilities we want to
+		// move to, IE {A,B} <= Z because we marked such
+		// things as unoptimizable
+	    }
+	}
+	// Create the final block we've just finished
+	if (lastExprp) newAlwaysTree(nodep, lastExprp);   // Duplicate above
+    }
+
+    void newAlwaysTree(AstAlways* nodep, AstNode* exprp) {
+	// Create new always with specified gating expression
+	// Relevant vars are already marked with user2p
+
+	// Should we put the gater under the always itself,
+	// or make a new signal?
+	//   New signal: May cause replicated logic until we can combine
+	//		Need way to toggle signal on complicated pos/negedge
+	//   Under Always: More complicated, may not propagate logic with gateer
+	//	Untill we get better gate optimization, we'll go this route.
+//#define GATER_NOP
+#ifdef GATER_NOP
+	// For testing only, don't clock gate but still make new always
+	AstSenTree* sensesp = nodep->sensesp()->cloneTree(true);
+#else
+	// Make a SenGate
+	AstSenItem* oldsenitemsp = nodep->sensesp()->sensesp()->castSenItem();
+	if (!oldsenitemsp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("SenTree doesn't have any SenItem under it");
+
+	AstSenTree* sensesp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(),
+					     new AstSenGate(nodep->fileline(),
+							    oldsenitemsp->cloneTree(true),
+							    exprp));
+#endif
+
+	// Make new body; note clone will preserve user2p() indicating moving vars
+	AstNode* bodyp = nodep->bodysp()->cloneTree(true);
+
+	AstAlways* alwp = new AstAlways(nodep->fileline(),
+					sensesp,
+					bodyp);
+
+	alwp->user4(1);  // No need to process the new always again!
+	nodep->addNextHere(alwp);
+
+	// Blow moved statements from old body
+	GaterBodyVisitor(nodep,exprp,true);
+	// Blow old statements from new body
+	GaterBodyVisitor(alwp,exprp,false);
+
+	m_statGaters++;
+	if (debug()>=9) alwp->dumpTree(cout,"  new: ");
+    }
+
+    // VISITORS
+    virtual void visit(AstAlways* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (debug()>=9) cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;
+	UINFO(5, "Gater: ALWAYS: "<<nodep<<endl);
+	if (nodep->user4()) return;
+	nodep->user4(1);
+
+	clear();
+
+	if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  Alwin:  ");
+
+	// Look for constructs we can't optimize
+	// Form graph with Vertices at each IF, and each Variable
+	m_aboveTrue = VU_IF | VU_ELSE;
+	iterateChildrenAlw(nodep, true);
+
+	// Other reasons to not optimize
+	if (!m_numIfs) nonOptimizable(nodep, "No if statements");
+
+	// Something to optimize, oh my!
+	if (m_nonopt!="") {
+	    UINFO(5, "  Gater non-opt: "<<m_nonopt<<endl);
+	} else {
+	    // Process it
+	    simplifyGraph();
+
+	    // See how much moves
+	    uint32_t lastColor = 0;
+	    for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = m_graph.verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
+		if (GaterVarVertex* vVxp = dynamic_cast<GaterVarVertex*>(vertexp)) {
+		    if (lastColor < vVxp->color()) {
+			lastColor = vVxp->color();
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (lastColor == 0) { // Nothing we moved!
+		nonOptimizable(nodep, "Nothing moved");
+	    }
+	    else if (lastColor > DOMAINS_MAX) {
+		// Our move algorithm is fairly slow and if we're splitting
+		// up too much it'll get really nasty.  It's probably a bad
+		// move for performance to split too much, anyhow, as the
+		// number of gaters will result in calling many small c functions.
+		nonOptimizable(nodep, "Too much moved");
+	    }
+	    if (m_nonopt=="") {
+		newAlwaysTrees(nodep);
+		if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  Gaterout: ");
+	    }
+	}
+	UINFO(5, "  Gater done"<<endl);
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (nodep->lvalue()) {
+	    AstVarScope* vscp = nodep->varScopep();
+	    if (nodep->varp()->isSigPublic()) {
+		// Public signals shouldn't be changed, pli code might be messing with them
+		scoreboardPli(nodep);
+	    }
+	    // If another lvalue in this node, give up optimizing.
+	    // We could just not optimize this variable, but we've already marked the
+	    // other variable as optimizable, so we can instead pretend it's a PLI node.
+	    if (m_stmtVscp) {
+		UINFO(5, "   Multiple lvalues in one statement: "<<nodep<<endl);
+		scoreboardPli(nodep);  // This will set m_stmtInPli
+	    }
+	    m_stmtVscp = vscp;
+	    // Find, or make new Vertex
+	    GaterVarVertex* vertexp = (GaterVarVertex*)(vscp->user1p());
+	    if (!vertexp) {
+		vertexp = new GaterVarVertex(&m_graph, vscp);
+		vscp->user1p(vertexp);
+	    }
+	    new GaterEdge(&m_graph, m_aboveVertexp, vertexp, m_aboveTrue);
+	    if (m_stmtInPli) {
+		new GaterEdge(&m_graph, m_pliVertexp, vertexp, VU_PLI);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeIf* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	m_ifDepth++;
+	bool allowGater = m_directlyUnderAlw && m_ifDepth <= IF_DEPTH_MAX;
+	if (allowGater) {
+	    GaterCondVisitor condVisitor(nodep->condp());
+	    if (!condVisitor.isSimple()) {
+		// Don't clear optimization, simply drop this IF as part of the gating
+		UINFO(5,"   IFnon-simple-condition: "<<nodep<<endl);
+		allowGater = false;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (!allowGater) {
+	    // IF burried under something complicated
+	    iterateChildrenAlw(nodep, true);
+	} else {
+	    UINFO(5, "  IF: "<<nodep<<endl);
+	    m_numIfs++;
+	    // Recurse to next level of if.
+	    V3GraphVertex*	lastabovep = m_aboveVertexp;
+	    uint32_t		lasttrue = m_aboveTrue;
+	    GaterIfVertex* vertexp = new GaterIfVertex(&m_graph, nodep);
+	    new GaterEdge(&m_graph, m_aboveVertexp, vertexp, m_aboveTrue);
+	    {
+		nodep->condp()->iterateAndNext(*this);  // directlyUnder stays as-is
+	    }
+	    {
+		m_aboveVertexp = vertexp;  // Vars will point at this edge
+		m_aboveTrue = VU_IF;
+		nodep->ifsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);  // directlyUnder stays as-is (true)
+	    }
+	    {
+		m_aboveVertexp = vertexp;  // Vars will point at this edge
+		m_aboveTrue = VU_ELSE;
+		nodep->elsesp()->iterateAndNext(*this);  // directlyUnder stays as-is (true)
+	    }
+	    m_aboveVertexp = lastabovep;
+	    m_aboveTrue = lasttrue;
+	}
+	m_ifDepth--;
+    }
+
+    virtual void visit(AstAssignDly* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// iterateChildrenAlw will detect this is a statement for us
+	iterateChildrenAlw(nodep, false);
+    }
+
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeAssign* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Note NOT AssignDly; handled above, We'll just mark this block as
+	// not optimizable.
+	//
+	// A future alternative is to look for any lvalues that are also
+	// variables in the sensitivity list, or rvalues in this block.  If
+	// any hit, disable optimization.  Unlikely to be useful (For loops
+	// being an exception, but they're already unrolled.)
+	nonOptimizable(nodep, "Non-delayed assignment");
+	// No reason to iterate.
+    }
+
+    virtual void visit(AstSenItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (!nodep->isClocked()) {
+	    nonOptimizable(nodep, "Non-clocked sensitivity");
+	}
+	iterateChildrenAlw(nodep, false);
+    }
+
+    //--------------------
+    virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (m_nonopt=="") {  // Else accelerate
+	    iterateChildrenAlw(nodep, false);
+	}
+    }
+    inline void iterateChildrenAlw(AstNode* nodep, bool under) {
+	// **** USE THIS INSTEAD OF iterateChildren!
+	// Note If visitor doesn't call here; does it its own way
+	bool lastdua = m_directlyUnderAlw;
+	AstVarScope* lastvscp = m_stmtVscp;
+	bool lastpli = m_stmtInPli;
+	m_directlyUnderAlw = under;
+	if (nodep->castNodeStmt()) {  // Restored below
+	    UINFO(9,"       Stmt: "<<nodep<<endl);
+	    m_stmtVscp = NULL;
+	    m_stmtInPli = false;
+	}
+	if (!nodep->isSplittable()) {
+	    // May also be a new statement (above if); if so we mark it immediately
+	    UINFO(9,"         NotSplittable "<<nodep<<endl);
+	    scoreboardPli(nodep);
+	}
+	{
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	}
+	m_directlyUnderAlw = lastdua;
+	if (nodep->castNodeStmt()) {  // Reset what set above; else propagate up to above statement
+	    m_stmtVscp = lastvscp;
+	    m_stmtInPli = lastpli;
+	}
+    }
+
+public:
+    // CONSTUCTORS
+    GaterVisitor(AstNode* nodep) {
+	// AstAlways visitor does the real work, so most zeroing needs to be in clear()
+	clear();
+	nodep->accept(*this);
+    }
+    void clear() {
+	m_nonopt = "";
+	m_directlyUnderAlw = false;
+	m_ifDepth = 0;
+	m_numIfs = 0;
+	AstNode::user1ClearTree();
+	AstNode::user2ClearTree();
+	// Prepare graph
+	m_graph.clear();
+	GaterVertex::clearRank();
+	m_pliVertexp = NULL;
+	m_headVertexp = new GaterHeadVertex(&m_graph);
+	m_aboveVertexp = m_headVertexp;
+	m_aboveTrue = false;
+	m_stmtVscp = NULL;
+	m_stmtInPli = false;
+    }
+    virtual ~GaterVisitor() {
+	V3Stats::addStat("Optimizations, Gaters inserted", m_statGaters);
+	V3Stats::addStat("Optimizations, Gaters impacted bits", m_statBits);
+    }
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Active class functions
+
+void V3ClkGater::clkGaterAll(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+    UINFO(2,__FUNCTION__<<": "<<endl);
+    // While the gater does well at some modules, it seems to slow down many others
+    UINFO(5,"ClkGater is disabled due to performance issues\n");
+    //GaterVisitor visitor (nodep);
+}

src/V3ClkGater.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//*************************************************************************
+// DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Break always into clock gated blocks
+//
+// Code available from: http://www.veripool.org/verilator
+//
+// AUTHORS: Wilson Snyder with Paul Wasson, Duane Gabli
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+//
+// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+// General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+//
+// Verilator is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+
+#ifndef _V3CLKGATER_H_
+#define _V3CLKGATER_H_ 1
+#include "config_build.h"
+#include "verilatedos.h"
+#include "V3Error.h"
+#include "V3Ast.h"
+
+//============================================================================
+
+class V3ClkGater {
+public:
+    static void clkGaterAll(AstNetlist* nodep);
+};
+
+#endif // Guard

src/V3Clock.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -50,8 +50,10 @@ class ClockVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Cleared each Module:
-    //  AstVarScope::userp()	-> AstVarScope*.  Temporary signal that was created.
+    //  AstVarScope::user1p()	-> AstVarScope*.  Temporary signal that was created.
     //  AstVarScope::user2p()	-> AstVarScope*.  Temporary signal for change detects
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+    AstUser2InUse	m_inuser2;
 
     // TYPES
     enum {  DOUBLE_OR_RATE = 10 };	// How many | per ||, Determined experimentally as best
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ private:
 
     // METHODS
     AstVarScope* getCreateLastClk(AstVarScope* vscp) {
-	if (vscp->userp()) return ((AstVarScope*)vscp->userp());
+	if (vscp->user1p()) return ((AstVarScope*)vscp->user1p());
 	AstVar* varp = vscp->varp();
 	if (varp->width()!=1) varp->v3error("Unsupported: Clock edge on non-single bit signal: "<<varp->prettyName());
 	string newvarname = ((string)"__Vclklast__"+vscp->scopep()->nameDotless()+"__"+varp->shortName());
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ private:
 	newvarp->width(1,1);
 	m_modp->addStmtp(newvarp);
 	AstVarScope* newvscp = new AstVarScope(vscp->fileline(), m_scopep, newvarp);
-	vscp->userp(newvscp);
+	vscp->user1p(newvscp);
 	m_scopep->addVarp(newvscp);
 	// At bottom, assign them
 	AstAssign* finalp
@@ -106,48 +108,66 @@ private:
 	m_scopep->addVarp(newvscp);
 	return newvscp;
     }
-    AstNode* createSenseEquation(AstSenTree* nodep) {
+    AstNode* createSenItemEquation(AstSenItem* nodep) {
+	// We know the var is clean, and one bit, so we use binary ops
+	// for speed instead of logical ops.
+	// POSEDGE:  var & ~var_last
+	// NEGEDGE:  ~var & var_last
+	// BOTHEDGE:  var ^ var_last
+	// HIGHEDGE:  var
+	// LOWEDGE:  ~var
+	AstNode* newp = NULL;
+	AstVarScope* clkvscp = nodep->varrefp()->varScopep();
+	if (nodep->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE) {
+	    AstVarScope* lastVscp = getCreateLastClk(clkvscp);
+	    newp = new AstAnd(nodep->fileline(),
+			      new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+					    nodep->varrefp()->varScopep(), false),
+			      new AstNot(nodep->fileline(),
+					 new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+						       lastVscp, false)));
+	} else if (nodep->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE) {
+	    AstVarScope* lastVscp = getCreateLastClk(clkvscp);
+	    newp = new AstAnd(nodep->fileline(),
+			      new AstNot(nodep->fileline(),
+					 new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+						       nodep->varrefp()->varScopep(), false)),
+			      new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), lastVscp, false));
+	} else if (nodep->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE) {
+	    AstVarScope* lastVscp = getCreateLastClk(clkvscp);
+	    newp = new AstXor(nodep->fileline(),
+			      new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+					    nodep->varrefp()->varScopep(), false),
+			      new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), lastVscp, false));
+	} else if (nodep->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::HIGHEDGE) {
+	    newp = new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+				 clkvscp, false);
+	} else if (nodep->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::LOWEDGE) {
+	    newp = new AstNot(nodep->fileline(),
+			      new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(),
+					    clkvscp, false));
+	} else {
+	    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Bad edge type");
+	}
+	return newp;
+    }
+    AstNode* createSenGateEquation(AstSenGate* nodep) {
+	AstNode* newp = new AstAnd(nodep->fileline(),
+				   createSenseEquation(nodep->sensesp()),
+				   nodep->rhsp()->cloneTree(true));
+	return newp;
+    }
+    AstNode* createSenseEquation(AstNodeSenItem* nodesp) {
+	// Nodep may be a list of elements; we need to walk it
 	AstNode* senEqnp = NULL;
-	for (AstSenItem* senp = nodep->sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
-	    // We know the var is clean, and one bit, so we use binary ops
-	    // for speed instead of logical ops.
-	    // POSEDGE:  var & ~var_last
-	    // NEGEDGE:  ~var & var_last
-	    // BOTHEDGE:  var ^ var_last
-	    // HIGHEDGE:  var
-	    // LOWEDGE:  ~var
-	    AstVarScope* lastVscp = senp->varrefp()->varScopep()->userp()->castNode()->castVarScope();
+	for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = nodesp; senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
 	    AstNode* senOnep = NULL;
-	    if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE) {
-		if (!lastVscp) senp->v3fatalSrc("No last var ptr?\n");
-		senOnep = new AstAnd(senp->fileline(),
-				     new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-						   senp->varrefp()->varScopep(), false),
-				     new AstNot(senp->fileline(),
-						new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-							      lastVscp, false)));
-	    } else if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE) {
-		if (!lastVscp) senp->v3fatalSrc("No last var ptr?\n");
-		senOnep = new AstAnd(senp->fileline(),
-				     new AstNot(senp->fileline(),
-						new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-							      senp->varrefp()->varScopep(), false)),
-				     new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(), lastVscp, false));
-	    } else if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE) {
-		if (!lastVscp) senp->v3fatalSrc("No last var ptr?\n");
-		senOnep = new AstXor(senp->fileline(),
-				     new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-						   senp->varrefp()->varScopep(), false),
-				     new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(), lastVscp, false));
-	    } else if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::HIGHEDGE) {
-		senOnep = new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-					senp->varrefp()->varScopep(), false);
-	    } else if (senp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::LOWEDGE) {
-		senOnep = new AstNot(senp->fileline(),
-				     new AstVarRef(senp->fileline(),
-						   senp->varrefp()->varScopep(), false));
+	    if (AstSenItem* itemp = senp->castSenItem()) {
+		senOnep = createSenItemEquation(itemp);
+	    } else if (AstSenGate* itemp = senp->castSenGate()) {
+		senOnep = createSenGateEquation(itemp);
 	    } else {
-		senp->v3fatalSrc("Bad edge type");
+		senp->v3fatalSrc("Strange node under sentree");
 	    }
 	    if (senEqnp) {
 		// Add new OR to the sensitivity list equation
@@ -159,14 +179,7 @@ private:
 	return senEqnp;
     }
     AstIf* makeActiveIf(AstSenTree* sensesp) {
-	for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp->sensesp(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castSenItem()) {
-	    if (senp->edgeType() != AstEdgeType::HIGHEDGE
-		&& senp->varrefp()) {
-		AstVarScope* oldvscp = senp->varrefp()->varScopep();
-		getCreateLastClk(oldvscp);
-	    }
-	}
-	AstNode* senEqnp = createSenseEquation(sensesp);
+	AstNode* senEqnp = createSenseEquation(sensesp->sensesp());
 	if (!senEqnp) sensesp->v3fatalSrc("No sense equation, shouldn't be in sequent activation.");
 	AstIf* newifp = new AstIf (sensesp->fileline(),
 				   senEqnp, NULL, NULL);
@@ -183,8 +196,8 @@ private:
 	m_topScopep=nodep;
 	m_scopep = nodep->scopep();
 	if (!m_scopep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("No scope found on top level, perhaps you have no statements?\n");
-	//VV*****  We reset all userp()
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
+	//VV*****  We reset all user1p()
+	AstNode::user1ClearTree();
 	// Make top functions
 	{
 	    AstCFunc* funcp = new AstCFunc(nodep->fileline(), "_eval", m_scopep);
@@ -245,6 +258,7 @@ private:
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	m_stableNum = 0;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp= NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	//UINFO(4," SCOPE   "<<nodep<<endl);
@@ -277,6 +291,26 @@ private:
 	}
 	nodep->deleteTree(); nodep = NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverToggle* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	//nodep->dumpTree(cout,"ct:");
+	//COVERTOGGLE(INC, ORIG, CHANGE) ->
+	//   IF(ORIG ^ CHANGE) { INC; CHANGE = ORIG; }
+	AstNode* incp = nodep->incp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* origp = nodep->origp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* changep = nodep->changep()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstIf* newp = new AstIf(nodep->fileline(),
+				new AstXor(nodep->fileline(),
+					   origp,
+					   changep),
+				incp, NULL);
+	// We could add another IF to detect posedges, and only increment if so.
+	// It's another whole branch though verus a potential memory miss.
+	// We'll go with the miss.
+	newp->addIfsp(new AstAssign(nodep->fileline(),
+				    changep->cloneTree(false),
+				    origp->cloneTree(false)));
+	nodep->replaceWith(newp); nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstInitial* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	AstNode* cmtp = new AstComment(nodep->fileline(), nodep->typeName());
 	nodep->replaceWith(cmtp);

src/V3Clock.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Combine.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@ private:
     //  AstCFunc::user3p()	-> AstCFunc*, If set, replace ccalls to this func with new func
     //  AstNodeStmt::user3()	-> AstNode*.  True if to ignore this cell
     //  AstNodeStmt::user4()	-> V3Hashed::V3Hash.  Hash value of this node (hash of 0 is illegal)
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+    AstUser3InUse	m_inuser3;
+    //AstUser4InUse	part of V3Hashed
 
     // STATE
     typedef enum {STATE_IDLE, STATE_HASH, STATE_DUP} CombineState;
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ private:
     int			m_modNFuncs;	// Number of functions made
     AstNode*		m_walkLast1p;	// Final node that is the same in duplicate list
     AstNode*		m_walkLast2p;	// Final node that is the same in duplicate list
-    V3Hashed		m_hashed;	// Hash for every node
+    V3Hashed		m_hashed;	// Hash for every node in module
 
     // METHODS
     void hashStatement(AstNode* nodep) {
@@ -279,7 +282,7 @@ private:
 	    if (node1p==node2p) continue;
 	    //
 	    // We need to mark iteration to prevent matching code inside code (abab matching in ababab)
-	    AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
+	    AstNode::user1ClearTree();	// user1p() used on entire tree
 	    m_walkLast1p = NULL;
 	    m_walkLast2p = NULL;
 	    int depth = walkDupCodeNext(node1p, node2p, 1);
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ private:
 
     int walkDupCodeNext(AstNode* node1p, AstNode* node2p, int level) {
 	// Find number of common statements between the two node1p_nextp's...
-	if (node1p->userp() || node2p->userp()) return 0;   // Already iterated
+	if (node1p->user1p() || node2p->user1p()) return 0;   // Already iterated
 	if (node1p->user3p() || node2p->user3p()) return 0;   // Already merged
 	if (!m_hashed.sameNodes(node1p,node2p)) return 0; // walk of tree has same comparison
 	V3Hash hashval(node1p->user4p());
@@ -313,8 +316,8 @@ private:
 	//UINFO(9,"        wdup2 "<<level<<" "<<V3Hash(node2p->user4p())<<" "<<node2p<<endl);
 	m_walkLast1p = node1p;
 	m_walkLast2p = node2p;
-	node1p->user(true);
-	node2p->user(true);
+	node1p->user1(true);
+	node2p->user1(true);
 	if (node1p->nextp() && node2p->nextp()) {
 	    return hashval.depth()+walkDupCodeNext(node1p->nextp(), node2p->nextp(), level+1);
 	}
@@ -378,8 +381,7 @@ private:
 	// Track all callers of each function
 	m_call.main(nodep);
 	//
-	AstNode::user3ClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
-	//In V3Hashed AstNode::user4ClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
+	//In V3Hashed AstNode::user4ClearTree();	// user4p() used on entire tree
 	// Iterate modules backwards, in bottom-up order.
 	// Required so that a module instantiating another can benefit from collapsing.
 	nodep->iterateChildrenBackwards(*this);
@@ -393,6 +395,9 @@ private:
 	m_state = STATE_HASH;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	m_state = STATE_IDLE;
+	if (debug()>=9) {
+	    m_hashed.dumpFilePrefixed("combine");
+	}
 	// Walk the hashes removing empty functions
 	if (emptyFunctionDeletion()) {
 	    walkEmptyFuncs();
@@ -407,6 +412,7 @@ private:
 	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	    m_state = STATE_IDLE;
 	}
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	m_funcp = nodep;

src/V3Combine.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Const.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@
 
 class ConstVarMarkVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
     // NODE STATE
-    // AstVar::userp		-> bool, Var marked, 0=not set yet
+    // AstVar::user4p		-> bool, Var marked, 0=not set yet
 private:
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	if (nodep->varp()) nodep->varp()->user(1);
+	if (nodep->varp()) nodep->varp()->user4(1);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTUCTORS
     ConstVarMarkVisitor(AstNode* nodep) {
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
+	AstNode::user4ClearTree();  // Check marked InUse before we're called
 	nodep->iterateAndNext(*this, NULL);
     }
     virtual ~ConstVarMarkVisitor() {}
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ public:
 
 class ConstVarFindVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
     // NODE STATE
-    // AstVar::userp		-> bool, input from ConstVarMarkVisitor
+    // AstVar::user4p		-> bool, input from ConstVarMarkVisitor
     // MEMBERS
     bool m_found;
 private:
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	if (nodep->varp() && nodep->varp()->user()) m_found = true;
+	if (nodep->varp() && nodep->varp()->user4()) m_found = true;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ public:
 class ConstVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
-    // ** only when m_warn is set.  If state is needed other times,
+    // ** only when m_warn/m_expensive is set.  If state is needed other times,
     // ** must track down everywhere V3Const is called and make sure no overlaps.
-    // AstVar::userp		-> Used by ConstVarMarkVisitor/ConstVarFindVisitor
+    // AstVar::user4p		-> Used by ConstVarMarkVisitor/ConstVarFindVisitor
 
     // STATE
     bool	m_params;	// If true, propogate parameterized and true numbers only
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ private:
     bool	m_wremove;	// Inside scope, no assignw removal
     bool	m_warn;		// Output warnings
     bool	m_cpp;		// C++ conversions only
+    bool	m_expensive;	// Enable computationally expensive optimizations
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Current module
     AstNode*	m_scopep;	// Current scope
     //int debug() { return 9; }
@@ -132,18 +133,103 @@ private:
 	if (rnodep->width() != bnodep->width()) return false;
 	return operandsSame(bnodep->lhsp(), rnodep->lhsp());
     }
+    bool operandAsvLUp (AstNode* nodep) {
+	// BIASV(BIASV(CONSTll,lr),r) -> BIASV(CONSTll,BIASV(lr,r))
+	//
+	// Example of how this is useful:
+	// BIASV(BIASV(CONSTa,b...),BIASV(CONSTc,d...))	 // hits operandAsvUp
+	// BIASV(CONSTa,BIASV(b...,BIASV(CONSTc,d...)))	 // hits operandAsvUp
+	// BIASV(CONSTa,BIASV(CONSTc,BIASV(c...,d...)))  // hits operandAsvConst
+	// BIASV(BIASV(CONSTa,CONSTc),BIASV(c...,d...))) // hits normal constant propagation
+	// BIASV(CONST_a_c,BIASV(c...,d...)))	
+	//
+	// Idea for the future: All BiComAsvs could be lists, sorted by if they're constant
+	AstNodeBiComAsv* bnodep = nodep->castNodeBiComAsv();
+	if (!bnodep) return false;
+	AstNodeBiComAsv* lnodep = bnodep->lhsp()->castNodeBiComAsv();
+	if (!lnodep) return false;
+	if (lnodep->type() != bnodep->type()) return false;
+	if (lnodep->width() != bnodep->width()) return false;
+	return lnodep->lhsp()->castConst();
+    }
+    bool operandAsvRUp (AstNode* nodep) {
+	// BIASV(l,BIASV(CONSTrl,rr)) -> BIASV(CONSTrl,BIASV(l,rr))
+	AstNodeBiComAsv* bnodep = nodep->castNodeBiComAsv();
+	if (!bnodep) return false;
+	AstNodeBiComAsv* rnodep = bnodep->rhsp()->castNodeBiComAsv();
+	if (!rnodep) return false;
+	if (rnodep->type() != bnodep->type()) return false;
+	if (rnodep->width() != bnodep->width()) return false;
+	return rnodep->lhsp()->castConst();
+    }
+    static bool operandAndOrSame(AstNode* nodep) {
+	AstNodeBiop* np = nodep->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNodeBiop* lp = np->lhsp()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNodeBiop* rp = np->rhsp()->castNodeBiop();
+	return (lp && rp
+		&& lp->width()==rp->width()
+		&& lp->type()==rp->type()
+		&& operandsSame(lp->lhsp(),rp->lhsp()));
+    }
+    static bool matchOrAndNot(AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
+	// AstOr{$a, AstAnd{AstNot{$b}, $c}} if $a.width1, $a==$b => AstOr{$a,$c}
+	// Someday we'll sort the biops completely and this can be simplified
+	// This often results from our simplified clock generation:
+	// if (rst) ... else if (enable)... -> OR(rst,AND(!rst,enable))
+	AstNode* ap;
+	AstNodeBiop* andp;
+	if      (nodep->lhsp()->castAnd()) { andp=nodep->lhsp()->castAnd(); ap=nodep->rhsp(); }
+	else if (nodep->rhsp()->castAnd()) { andp=nodep->rhsp()->castAnd(); ap=nodep->lhsp(); }
+	else return false;
+	AstNodeUniop* notp;
+	AstNode* cp;
+	if      (andp->lhsp()->castNot()) { notp=andp->lhsp()->castNot(); cp=andp->rhsp(); }
+	else if (andp->rhsp()->castNot()) { notp=andp->rhsp()->castNot(); cp=andp->lhsp(); }
+	else return false;
+	AstNode* bp = notp->lhsp();
+	if (!operandsSame(ap, bp)) return false;
+	// Do it
+	cp->unlinkFrBack();
+	andp->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); andp=NULL; notp=NULL;
+	// Replace whichever branch is now dangling
+	if (nodep->rhsp()) nodep->lhsp(cp);
+	else nodep->rhsp(cp);
+	return true;
+    }
+    static bool operandShiftSame(AstNode* nodep) {
+	AstNodeBiop* np = nodep->castNodeBiop();
+	{
+	    AstShiftL* lp = np->lhsp()->castShiftL();
+	    AstShiftL* rp = np->rhsp()->castShiftL();
+	    if (lp && rp) {
+		return (lp->width() == rp->width()
+			&& lp->lhsp()->width() == rp->lhsp()->width()
+			&& operandsSame(lp->rhsp(), rp->rhsp()));
+	    }
+	}
+	{
+	    AstShiftR* lp = np->lhsp()->castShiftR();
+	    AstShiftR* rp = np->rhsp()->castShiftR();
+	    if (lp && rp) {
+		return (lp->width() == rp->width()
+			&& lp->lhsp()->width() == rp->lhsp()->width()
+			&& operandsSame(lp->rhsp(), rp->rhsp()));
+	    }
+	}
+	return false;
+    }
     bool operandHugeShiftL(AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
-		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->width()));
+		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->width()));
     }
     bool operandHugeShiftR(AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
-		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->lhsp()->width()));
+		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->lhsp()->width()));
     }
     bool operandIsTwo(AstNode* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->castConst()
 		&& nodep->width() <= VL_QUADSIZE
-		&& nodep->castConst()->asQuad()==2);
+		&& nodep->castConst()->toUQuad()==2);
     }
     bool operandIsTwostate(AstNode* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->castConst()
@@ -180,7 +266,7 @@ private:
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
 		&& nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()
 		&& !nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()->lvalue()
-		&& ((int)(nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt())
+		&& ((int)(nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt())
 		    >= nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()->varp()->widthWords()));
     }
     bool operandSelFull(AstSel* nodep) {
@@ -215,15 +301,19 @@ private:
     bool warnSelect(AstSel* nodep) {
 	AstNode* basefromp = AstArraySel::baseFromp(nodep->fromp());
 	if (AstNodeVarRef* varrefp = basefromp->castNodeVarRef()) {
+	    AstVar* varp = varrefp->varp();
 	    if (m_warn
 		&& nodep->lsbp()->castConst()
 		&& nodep->widthp()->castConst()
-		&& (!varrefp->varp()->rangep() || varrefp->varp()->msb())  // else it's non-resolvable parameterized
-		&& ( (  (nodep->msbConst() > varrefp->varp()->msb())
-			|| (nodep->lsbConst() > varrefp->varp()->msb())))) {
+		&& (!varp->rangep() || varp->msb())  // else it's non-resolvable parameterized
+		&& ( (  (nodep->msbConst() > varp->msbMaxSelect())
+			|| (nodep->lsbConst() > varp->msbMaxSelect())))) {
+		// See also warning in V3Width
 		nodep->v3error("Selection index out of range: "
 			       <<nodep->msbConst()<<":"<<nodep->lsbConst()
-			       <<" outside "<<varrefp->varp()->msb()<<":0");
+			       <<" outside "<<varp->msbMaxSelect()<<":0"
+			       <<(varp->lsb()>=0 ? ""
+				  :" (adjusted +"+cvtToStr(-varp->lsb())+" to account for negative lsb)"));
 	    }
 	}
 	return false;  // Not a transform, so NOP
@@ -364,6 +454,66 @@ private:
 	if (rp->lhsp()->castConst() && rp->rhsp()->castConst()) replaceConst(rp);
 	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "  repAsvConst_new: ");
     }
+    void replaceAsvLUp (AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
+	// BIASV(BIASV(CONSTll,lr),r) -> BIASV(CONSTll,BIASV(lr,r))
+	AstNodeBiop* lp = nodep->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* llp = lp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* lrp = lp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* rp  = nodep->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	nodep->lhsp(llp);
+	nodep->rhsp(lp);
+	lp->lhsp(lrp);
+	lp->rhsp(rp);
+	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "  repAsvLUp_new: ");
+    }
+    void replaceAsvRUp (AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
+	// BIASV(l,BIASV(CONSTrl,rr)) -> BIASV(CONSTrl,BIASV(l,rr))
+	AstNode* lp  = nodep->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNodeBiop* rp = nodep->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* rlp = rp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* rrp = rp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	nodep->lhsp(rlp);
+	nodep->rhsp(rp);
+	rp->lhsp(lp);
+	rp->rhsp(rrp);
+	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "  repAsvRUp_new: ");
+    }
+    void replaceAndOr (AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
+	// Or(And(CONSTll,lr),And(CONSTrl==ll,rr)) -> And(CONSTll,Or(lr,rr))
+	// (Or/And may also be reversed)
+	AstNodeBiop* lp = nodep->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* llp = lp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* lrp = lp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNodeBiop* rp = nodep->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* rlp = rp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* rrp = rp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	nodep->replaceWith(lp);
+	lp->lhsp(llp);
+	lp->rhsp(nodep);
+	nodep->lhsp(lrp);
+	nodep->rhsp(rrp);
+	rp->deleteTree();
+	rlp->deleteTree();
+	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "  repAndOr_new: ");
+    }
+    void replaceShiftSame (AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
+	// Or(Shift(ll,CONSTlr),Shift(rl,CONSTrr==lr)) -> Shift(Or(ll,rl),CONSTlr)
+	// (Or/And may also be reversed)
+	AstNodeBiop* lp = nodep->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* llp = lp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* lrp = lp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNodeBiop* rp = nodep->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack()->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNode* rlp = rp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	AstNode* rrp = rp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	nodep->replaceWith(lp);
+	lp->lhsp(nodep);
+	lp->rhsp(lrp);
+	nodep->lhsp(llp);
+	nodep->rhsp(rlp);
+	rp->deleteTree();
+	rrp->deleteTree();
+	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "  repShiftSame_new: ");
+    }
     void replaceExtend (AstNode* nodep, AstNode* arg0p) {
 	// -> EXTEND(nodep)
 	// like a AstExtend{$rhsp}, but we need to set the width correctly from base node
@@ -411,7 +561,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* ap = lhsp->lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
 	AstNode* bp = lhsp->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
 	AstNodeBiop* shift1p = nodep;
-	AstNodeBiop* shift2p = nodep->cloneTree(true)->castNodeBiop();
+	AstNodeBiop* shift2p = nodep->cloneTree(true);
 	shift1p->lhsp(ap); shift1p->rhsp(shiftp->cloneTree(true));
 	shift2p->lhsp(bp); shift2p->rhsp(shiftp);
 	AstNodeBiop* newp = lhsp;
@@ -432,8 +582,8 @@ private:
 	    nodep->accept(*this);	// Further reduce, either node may have more reductions.
 	} else {
 	    // We know shift amounts are constant, but might be a mixed left/right shift
-	    int shift1 = shift1p->castConst()->asInt(); if (lhsp->castShiftR())  shift1=-shift1;
-	    int shift2 = shift2p->castConst()->asInt(); if (nodep->castShiftR()) shift2=-shift2;
+	    int shift1 = shift1p->castConst()->toUInt(); if (lhsp->castShiftR())  shift1=-shift1;
+	    int shift2 = shift2p->castConst()->toUInt(); if (nodep->castShiftR()) shift2=-shift2;
 	    int newshift = shift1+shift2;
 	    shift1p->deleteTree(); shift1p=NULL;
 	    shift2p->deleteTree(); shift1p=NULL;
@@ -490,11 +640,11 @@ private:
 	if (!varNotReferenced(nodep->rhsp(), varref1p->varp())) return false;
 	if (!varNotReferenced(nextp->rhsp(), varref2p->varp())) return false;
 	// Swap?
-	if ((  con1p->asInt() != con2p->asInt() + sel2p->width())
-	    &&(con2p->asInt() != con1p->asInt() + sel1p->width())) return false;
-	bool lsbFirstAssign = (con1p->asInt() < con2p->asInt());
+	if ((  con1p->toSInt() != con2p->toSInt() + sel2p->width())
+	    &&(con2p->toSInt() != con1p->toSInt() + sel1p->width())) return false;
+	bool lsbFirstAssign = (con1p->toUInt() < con2p->toUInt());
 	// If the user already has nice 32-bit divisions, keep them to aid later subdivision
-	//if (VL_BITBIT_I(con1p->asInt()) == 0) return false;
+	//if (VL_BITBIT_I(con1p->toUInt()) == 0) return false;
 	UINFO(4,"replaceAssignMultiSel "<<nodep<<endl);
 	UINFO(4,"                   && "<<nextp<<endl);
 	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "comb1: ");
@@ -517,7 +667,7 @@ private:
 	return true;
     }
 
-    bool varNotReferenced(AstNode* nodep, AstVar* varp, bool level=0) {
+    bool varNotReferenced(AstNode* nodep, AstVar* varp, int level=0) {
 	// Return true if varp never referenced under node.
 	// Return false if referenced, or tree too deep to be worth it
 	if (!nodep) return true;
@@ -547,6 +697,9 @@ private:
 	else if (!m_cpp && nodep->lhsp()->castConcat()) {
 	    bool need_temp = false;
 	    if (m_warn && !nodep->castAssignDly()) {  // Is same var on LHS and RHS?
+		// Note only do this (need user4) when m_warn, which is
+		// done as unique visitor
+		AstUser4InUse	m_inuser4;
 		ConstVarMarkVisitor mark(nodep->lhsp());
 		ConstVarFindVisitor find(nodep->rhsp());
 		if (find.found()) need_temp = true;
@@ -596,8 +749,8 @@ private:
 		if (!m_modp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Not under module");
 		// We could create just one temp variable, but we'll get better optimization
 		// if we make one per term.
-		string name1 = ((string)"__Vconcswap__"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
-		string name2 = ((string)"__Vconcswap__"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
+		string name1 = ((string)"__Vconcswap"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
+		string name2 = ((string)"__Vconcswap"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
 		AstVar* temp1p = new AstVar(sel1p->fileline(), AstVarType::BLOCKTEMP, name1,
 					    new AstRange(sel1p->fileline(), msb1-lsb1, 0));
 		AstVar* temp2p = new AstVar(sel2p->fileline(), AstVarType::BLOCKTEMP, name2,
@@ -648,7 +801,7 @@ private:
 	if (!nodep->castAnd()->rhsp()->castShiftR()) return false;
 	AstShiftR* shiftp = nodep->castAnd()->rhsp()->castShiftR();
 	if (!shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()) return false;
-	if ((uint32_t)(nodep->width()) <= shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt()) return false;
+	if ((uint32_t)(nodep->width()) <= shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt()) return false;
 	return true;
     }
     void replaceBoolShift(AstNode* nodep) {
@@ -784,7 +937,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* newlsbp;
 	if (lsb1p->castConst() && lsb2p->castConst()) {
 	    newlsbp = new AstConst(lsb1p->fileline(),
-				   lsb1p->castConst()->asInt() + lsb2p->castConst()->asInt());
+				   lsb1p->castConst()->toUInt() + lsb2p->castConst()->toUInt());
 	    lsb1p->deleteTree(); lsb1p=NULL;
 	    lsb2p->deleteTree(); lsb2p=NULL;
 	} else {
@@ -851,7 +1004,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* widthp = nodep->widthp()->unlinkFrBack();
 	AstSel* newp = new AstSel(nodep->fileline(),
 				  fromp,
-				  new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), lsbp->asInt() % fromp->width()),
+				  new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), lsbp->toUInt() % fromp->width()),
 				  widthp);
 	newp->widthSignedFrom(nodep);
 	nodep->replaceWith(newp); nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
@@ -907,19 +1060,26 @@ private:
 	    } else nodep->v3fatalSrc("Missing ATTR type case\n");
 	}
     }
+    bool onlySenItemInSenTree(AstNodeSenItem* nodep) {
+	// Only one if it's not in a list
+	return (!nodep->nextp() && nodep->backp()->nextp() != nodep);
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstSenItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (nodep->sensp()->castConst()
 	    || (nodep->varrefp() && nodep->varrefp()->varp()->isParam())) {
 	    // Constants in sensitivity lists may be removed (we'll simplify later)
-	    AstSenItem* newp;
 	    if (nodep->isClocked()) {  // A constant can never get a pos/negexge
-		newp = new AstSenItem(nodep->fileline(), AstSenItem::Never());
+		if (onlySenItemInSenTree(nodep)) {
+		    nodep->replaceWith(new AstSenItem(nodep->fileline(), AstSenItem::Never()));
+		    nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+		} else {
+		    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+		}
 	    } else {  // Otherwise it may compute a result that needs to settle out
-		newp = new AstSenItem(nodep->fileline(), AstSenItem::Combo());
+		nodep->replaceWith(new AstSenItem(nodep->fileline(), AstSenItem::Combo()));
+		nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
 	    }
-	    nodep->replaceWith(newp);
-	    nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
 	} else if (nodep->sensp()->castNot()) {
 	    // V3Gate may propagate NOTs into clocks... Just deal with it
 	    AstNode* sensp = nodep->sensp();
@@ -939,6 +1099,150 @@ private:
 	    if (nodep->hasVar() && !nodep->varrefp()) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Null sensitivity variable");
 	}
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstSenGate* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	if (AstConst* constp = nodep->rhsp()->castConst()) {
+	    if (constp->isZero()) {
+		UINFO(4,"SENGATE(...,0)->NEVER"<<endl);
+		if (onlySenItemInSenTree(nodep)) {
+		    nodep->replaceWith(new AstSenItem(nodep->fileline(), AstSenItem::Never()));
+		    nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+		} else {
+		    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+		}
+	    } else {
+		UINFO(4,"SENGATE(SENITEM,0)->ALWAYS SENITEM"<<endl);
+		AstNode* senitemp = nodep->sensesp()->unlinkFrBack();
+		nodep->replaceWith(senitemp);
+		nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    struct SenItemCmp {
+	inline bool operator () (AstNodeSenItem* lhsp, AstNodeSenItem* rhsp) const {
+	    if (lhsp->type() < rhsp->type()) return true;
+	    if (lhsp->type() > rhsp->type()) return false;
+	    const AstSenItem* litemp = lhsp->castSenItem();
+	    const AstSenItem* ritemp = rhsp->castSenItem();
+	    if (litemp && ritemp) {
+		// Looks visually better if we keep sorted by name
+		if (litemp->edgeType() < ritemp->edgeType()) return true;
+		if (litemp->edgeType() > ritemp->edgeType()) return false;
+		if (!litemp->varrefp() &&  ritemp->varrefp()) return true;
+		if ( litemp->varrefp() && !ritemp->varrefp()) return false;
+		if (litemp->varrefp() && ritemp->varrefp()) {
+		    if (litemp->varrefp()->name() < ritemp->varrefp()->name()) return true;
+		    if (litemp->varrefp()->name() > ritemp->varrefp()->name()) return false;
+		    // But might be same name with different scopes
+		    if (litemp->varrefp()->varScopep() < ritemp->varrefp()->varScopep()) return true;
+		    if (litemp->varrefp()->varScopep() > ritemp->varrefp()->varScopep()) return false;
+		}
+	    }
+	    return false;
+	}
+    };
+
+    virtual void visit(AstSenTree* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	if (m_expensive) {
+	    //cout<<endl; nodep->dumpTree(cout,"ssin: ");
+	    // Optimize ideas for the future:
+	    //   SENTREE(... SENGATE(x,a), SENGATE(SENITEM(x),b) ...)  => SENGATE(x,OR(a,b))
+
+	    //   SENTREE(... SENITEM(x),   SENGATE(SENITEM(x),*) ...)  => SENITEM(x)
+	    // Do we need the SENITEM's to be identical?  No because we're
+	    // ORing between them; we just need to insure that the result is at
+	    // least as frequently activating.  So we simply
+	    // SENGATE(SENITEM(x)) -> SENITEM(x), then let it collapse with the
+	    // other SENITEM(x).
+	    {
+		AstUser4InUse	m_inuse4;
+		// Mark x in SENITEM(x)
+		for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = nodep->sensesp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		     senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
+		    if (AstSenItem* itemp = senp->castSenItem()) {
+			if (itemp->varrefp() && itemp->varrefp()->varScopep()) {
+			    itemp->varrefp()->varScopep()->user4(1);
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		// Find x in SENTREE(SENITEM(x))
+		for (AstNodeSenItem* nextp, * senp = nodep->sensesp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		     senp; senp=nextp) {
+		    nextp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		    if (AstSenGate* gatep = senp->castSenGate()) {
+			if (AstSenItem* itemp = gatep->sensesp()->castSenItem()) {
+			    if (itemp->varrefp() && itemp->varrefp()->varScopep()) {
+				if (itemp->varrefp()->varScopep()->user4()) {
+				    // Found, push this item up to the top
+				    itemp->unlinkFrBack();
+				    nodep->addSensesp(itemp);
+				    gatep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); gatep=NULL; senp=NULL;
+				}
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    // Sort the sensitivity names so "posedge a or b" and "posedge b or a" end up together.
+	    // Also, remove duplicate assignments, and fold POS&NEGs into ANYEDGEs
+	    // Make things a little faster; check first if we need a sort
+	    for (AstNodeSenItem* nextp, * senp = nodep->sensesp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		 senp; senp=nextp) {
+		nextp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		SenItemCmp cmp;
+		if (nextp && !cmp(senp, nextp)) {
+		    // Something's out of order, sort it
+		    senp = NULL;
+		    vector<AstNodeSenItem*> vec;
+		    for (AstNodeSenItem* senp = nodep->sensesp()->castNodeSenItem(); senp; senp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem()) {
+			vec.push_back(senp);
+		    }
+		    sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), SenItemCmp());
+		    for (vector<AstNodeSenItem*>::iterator it=vec.begin(); it!=vec.end(); ++it) {
+			(*it)->unlinkFrBack();
+		    }
+		    for (vector<AstNodeSenItem*>::iterator it=vec.begin(); it!=vec.end(); ++it) {
+			nodep->addSensesp(*it);
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	    
+	    // Pass2, remove dup edges
+	    for (AstNodeSenItem* nextp, * senp = nodep->sensesp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		 senp; senp=nextp) {
+		nextp=senp->nextp()->castNodeSenItem();
+		AstNodeSenItem* cmpp = nextp;
+		AstSenItem* litemp = senp->castSenItem();
+		AstSenItem* ritemp = cmpp->castSenItem();
+		if (litemp && ritemp) {
+		    if (litemp->varrefp() && ritemp->varrefp() && litemp->varrefp()->sameTree(ritemp->varrefp())
+			|| (!litemp->varrefp() && !ritemp->varrefp())) {
+			// We've sorted in the order ANY, BOTH, POS, NEG, so we don't need to try opposite orders
+			if ((   litemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::ANYEDGE)   // ANY  or {BOTH|POS|NEG} -> ANY
+			    || (litemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE)  // BOTH or {POS|NEG} -> BOTH
+			    || (litemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE    // POS  or NEG -> BOTH
+				&& ritemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE)
+			    || (litemp->edgeType()==ritemp->edgeType())	// Identical edges
+			    ) {
+			    // Fix edge of old node
+			    if (litemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::POSEDGE
+				&& ritemp->edgeType()==AstEdgeType::NEGEDGE)
+				litemp->edgeType(AstEdgeType::BOTHEDGE);
+			    // Remove redundant node
+			    ritemp->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); ritemp=NULL; cmpp=NULL;
+			    // Try to collapse again
+			    nextp=litemp;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    //nodep->dumpTree(cout,"ssou: ");
+	}
+    }
 
     //-----
     // Zero elimination
@@ -1128,9 +1432,18 @@ private:
     //                $accessor_name, ...
     //                             # ,, gets replaced with a , rather than &&
     //	             }" 	   # bracket not paren
-    //    ,"function to call"
-    // or ,"AstREPLACEMENT_TYPE{ $accessor }"
-    // or ,"!   		   # Print line number when matches, so can see operations
+    //    ,"what to call"
+    //
+    // Where "what_to_call" is:
+    //		"function to call"
+    //		"AstREPLACEMENT_TYPE{ $accessor }"
+    //		"!   		# Print line number when matches, so can see operations
+    //		"NEVER"		# Print error message
+    //		"DONE"		# Process of matching did the transform already
+
+    // In the future maybe support more complicated match & replace:
+    //   ("AstOr  {%a, AstAnd{AstNot{%b}, %c}} if %a.width1 if %a==%b",	"AstOr{%a,%c}; %b.delete");
+    // Lhs/rhs would be implied; for non math operations you'd need $lhsp etc.
 
     // Lint Checks
     //    v--- *1* These ops are always first, as we warn before replacing
@@ -1204,6 +1517,8 @@ private:
     TREEOP("AstNodeBiCom{!$lhsp.castConst, $rhsp.castConst}",	"swapSides(nodep)");
     TREEOP("AstNodeBiComAsv{operandAsvConst(nodep)}",	"replaceAsv(nodep)");
     TREEOP("AstNodeBiComAsv{operandAsvSame(nodep)}",	"replaceAsv(nodep)");
+    TREEOP("AstNodeBiComAsv{operandAsvLUp(nodep)}",	"replaceAsvLUp(nodep)");
+    TREEOP("AstNodeBiComAsv{operandAsvRUp(nodep)}",	"replaceAsvRUp(nodep)");
     //    v--- *1* as These ops are always first, as we warn before replacing
     TREEOP1("AstLt   {$lhsp, $rhsp.isZero}",		"replaceNumSigned(nodep,0)");
     TREEOP1("AstGte  {$lhsp, $rhsp.isZero}",		"replaceNumSigned(nodep,1)");
@@ -1315,6 +1630,14 @@ private:
     // CONCAT({const},CONCAT({const},{c})) -> CONCAT((constifiedCONC{const|const},{c}))
     TREEOPV("AstConcat{operandConcatMove(nodep)}",	"moveConcat(nodep)");
     TREEOPV("AstConcat{$lhsp.isZero, $rhsp}",		"replaceExtend(nodep, nodep->rhsp())");
+    // Common two-level operations that can be simplified
+    TREEOP ("AstAnd {$lhsp.castOr, $rhsp.castOr, operandAndOrSame(nodep)}",	"replaceAndOr(nodep)");
+    TREEOP ("AstOr  {$lhsp.castAnd,$rhsp.castAnd,operandAndOrSame(nodep)}",	"replaceAndOr(nodep)");
+    TREEOP ("AstOr  {matchOrAndNot(nodep)}",		"DONE");
+    TREEOP ("AstAnd {operandShiftSame(nodep)}",		"replaceShiftSame(nodep)");
+    TREEOP ("AstOr  {operandShiftSame(nodep)}",		"replaceShiftSame(nodep)");
+    TREEOP ("AstXor {operandShiftSame(nodep)}",		"replaceShiftSame(nodep)");
+    TREEOP ("AstXnor{operandShiftSame(nodep)}",		"replaceShiftSame(nodep)");
     // Note can't simplify a extend{extends}, extends{extend}, as the sign bits end up in the wrong places
     TREEOPV("AstExtend {$lhsp.castExtend}",		"replaceExtend(nodep, nodep->lhsp()->castExtend()->lhsp())");
     TREEOPV("AstExtendS{$lhsp.castExtendS}",		"replaceExtend(nodep, nodep->lhsp()->castExtendS()->lhsp())");
@@ -1358,8 +1681,11 @@ private:
 
 public:
     // CONSTUCTORS
-    ConstVisitor(bool params, bool required, bool warn, bool cpp) {
-	m_params = params; m_required = required; m_warn=warn; m_cpp=cpp;
+    ConstVisitor(bool params, bool expensive, bool warn, bool cpp) {
+	m_params = params; m_required = params;
+	m_expensive = expensive;
+	m_warn = warn;
+	m_cpp = cpp;
 	m_wremove = true;
 	m_modp = NULL;
 	m_scopep = NULL;
@@ -1380,19 +1706,21 @@ void V3Const::constifyParam(AstNode* nodep) {
 	V3Width::widthParams(nodep);
 	V3Signed::signedParams(nodep);
     }
-    ConstVisitor visitor (true,true,false,false);
+    ConstVisitor visitor (true,false,false,false);
     visitor.main(nodep);
     // Because we do edits, nodep links may get trashed and core dump this.
     //if (debug()>0) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"  forceConDONE: ");
 }
 
 void V3Const::constifyAll(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+    // Only call from Verilator.cpp, as it uses user#'s
     UINFO(2,__FUNCTION__<<": "<<endl);
-    ConstVisitor visitor (false,false,false,false);
+    ConstVisitor visitor (false,true,false,false);
     visitor.main(nodep);
 }
 
 void V3Const::constifyAllLint(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+    // Only call from Verilator.cpp, as it uses user#'s
     UINFO(2,__FUNCTION__<<": "<<endl);
     ConstVisitor visitor (false,false,true,false);
     visitor.main(nodep);
@@ -1409,3 +1737,7 @@ void V3Const::constifyTree(AstNode* nodep) {
     visitor.main(nodep);
 }
 
+void V3Const::constifyTreeExpensive(AstNode* nodep) {
+    ConstVisitor visitor (false,true,false,false);
+    visitor.main(nodep);
+}

src/V3Const.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ public:
     static void constifyCpp(AstNetlist* nodep);
     // Only the current node and lower
     static void constifyTree(AstNode* nodep);
+    // Only the current node and lower, with special SenTree optimization
+    static void constifyTreeExpensive(AstNode* nodep);
 };
 
 #endif // Guard

src/V3Coverage.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -30,15 +30,14 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"
 #include "V3Coverage.h"
 #include "V3Ast.h"
-#include "V3Const.h"
 
 //######################################################################
 // Coverage state, as a visitor of each AstNode
@@ -46,59 +45,194 @@
 class CoverageVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:
     // TYPES
-    typedef map<FileLine*,int>	FileMap;
+    typedef map<string,int>	FileMap;
 
     // STATE
     bool	m_checkBlock;	// Should this block get covered?
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Current module to add statement to
+    bool	m_inToggleOff;	// In function/task etc
     FileMap	m_fileps;	// Column counts for each fileline
+    string	m_beginHier;	// AstBegin hier name for user coverage points
 
     //int debug() { return 9; }
 
     // METHODS
-    AstCoverInc* newCoverInc(FileLine* fl, const string& type, const string& comment) {
+    const char* varIgnoreToggle(AstVar* nodep) {
+	// Return true if this shouldn't be traced
+	// See also similar rule in V3TraceDecl::varIgnoreTrace
+	string prettyName = nodep->prettyName();
+	if (!nodep->isToggleCoverable())
+	    return "Not relevant signal type";
+	if (prettyName.c_str()[0] == '_')
+	    return "Leading underscore";
+	if (prettyName.find("._") != string::npos)
+	    return "Inlined leading underscore";
+	if ((nodep->width()*nodep->arrayElements()) > 256) return "Wide bus/array > 256 bits";
+	// We allow this, though tracing doesn't
+	// if (nodep->arrayp(1)) return "Unsupported: Multi-dimensional array";
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    AstCoverInc* newCoverInc(FileLine* fl, const string& hier,
+			     const string& page_prefix, const string& comment) {
+	// For line coverage, we may have multiple if's on one line, so disambiguate if
+	// everything is otherwise identical
+	// (Don't set column otherwise as it may result in making bins not match up with
+	// different types of coverage enabled.)
+	string key = fl->filename()+"\001"+cvtToStr(fl->lineno())+"\001"+hier+"\001"+page_prefix+"\001"+comment;
 	int column = 0;
-	FileMap::iterator it = m_fileps.find(fl);
+	FileMap::iterator it = m_fileps.find(key);
 	if (it == m_fileps.end()) {
-	    m_fileps.insert(make_pair(fl,column+1));
+	    m_fileps.insert(make_pair(key,column+1));
 	} else {
 	    column = (it->second)++;
 	}
 
-	AstCoverDecl* declp = new AstCoverDecl(fl, column, type, comment);
+	// We could use the basename of the filename to the page, but seems better for code
+	// from an include file to be listed under the module using it rather than the include file.
+	// Note the module name could have parameters appended, we'll consider this
+	// a feature as it allows for each parameterized block to be counted separately.
+	// Someday the user might be allowed to specify a different page suffix
+	string page = page_prefix + "/" + m_modp->prettyName();
+
+	AstCoverDecl* declp = new AstCoverDecl(fl, column, page, comment);
+	declp->hier(hier);
 	m_modp->addStmtp(declp);
 
 	return new AstCoverInc(fl, declp);
     }
 
-    // VISITORS
+    // VISITORS - BOTH
     virtual void visit(AstModule* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	m_fileps.clear();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	m_modp = NULL;
     }
+
+    // VISITORS - TOGGLE COVERAGE
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeFTask* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool oldtog = m_inToggleOff;
+	{
+	    m_inToggleOff = true;
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	}
+	m_inToggleOff = oldtog;
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstVar* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	if (m_modp && !m_inToggleOff
+	    && nodep->fileline()->coverageOn() && v3Global.opt.coverageToggle()) {
+	    const char* disablep = varIgnoreToggle(nodep);
+	    if (disablep) {
+		UINFO(4, "    Disable Toggle: "<<disablep<<" "<<nodep<<endl);
+	    } else {
+		UINFO(4, "    Toggle: "<<nodep<<endl);
+		// There's several overall ways to approach this
+		//    Treat like tracing, where a end-of-timestamp action sees all changes
+		//	Works ok, but would be quite slow as need to reform vectors before the calls
+		//    Convert to "always @ (posedge signal[#]) coverinc"
+		//	Would mark many signals as clocks, precluding many later optimizations
+		//    Convert to "if (x & !lastx) CoverInc"
+		//	OK, but we couldn't later detect them to schedule where the IFs get called
+		//    Convert to "AstCoverInc(CoverInc...)"
+		//	We'll do this, and make the if(...) coverinc later.
+
+		// Compute size of the problem
+		int dimensions = 0;
+		for (AstRange* arrayp=nodep->arraysp(); arrayp; arrayp = arrayp->nextp()->castRange()) {
+		    dimensions++;
+		}
+
+		// Add signal to hold the old value
+		string newvarname = (string)"__Vtogcov__"+nodep->shortName();
+		AstVar* chgVarp = new AstVar (nodep->fileline(), AstVarType::MODULETEMP, newvarname, nodep);
+		m_modp->addStmtp(chgVarp);
+
+		// Create bucket for each dimension * bit.
+		// This is necessarily an O(n^2) expansion, which is why
+		// we limit coverage to signals with < 256 bits.
+		vector<int> selects_docs;  selects_docs.resize(dimensions);
+		vector<int> selects_code;  selects_code.resize(dimensions);
+		toggleVarRecurse(nodep, chgVarp, nodep->arraysp(),
+				 0, selects_docs, selects_code );
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    void toggleVarRecurse(AstVar* nodep, AstVar* chgVarp, AstRange* arrayp,
+			  int dimension, vector<int>& selects_docs, vector<int>& selects_code) {
+	if (arrayp) {
+	    for (int index=arrayp->lsbConst(); index<=arrayp->msbConst()+1; index++) {
+		// Handle the next dimension, if any
+		selects_docs[dimension] = index;
+		selects_code[dimension] = index - arrayp->lsbConst();
+		toggleVarRecurse(nodep, chgVarp, arrayp->nextp()->castRange(),
+				 dimension+1, selects_docs, selects_code);
+	    }
+	} else {  // No more arraying - just each bit in the width
+	    if (nodep->rangep()) {
+		for (int bitindex_docs=nodep->lsb(); bitindex_docs<nodep->msb()+1; bitindex_docs++) {
+		    toggleVarBottom(nodep, chgVarp,
+				    dimension, selects_docs, selects_code,
+				    true, bitindex_docs);
+		}
+	    } else {
+		toggleVarBottom(nodep, chgVarp,
+				dimension, selects_docs, selects_code,
+				false, 0);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    void toggleVarBottom(AstVar* nodep, AstVar* chgVarp,
+			 int dimension, vector<int>& selects_docs, vector<int>& selects_code,
+			 bool bitsel, int bitindex_docs) {
+	string comment = nodep->name();
+	AstNode* varRefp = new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), nodep, false);
+	AstNode* chgRefp = new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), chgVarp, true);
+	// Now determine the name of, and how to get to the bit of this slice
+	for (int dim=0; dim<dimension; dim++) {
+	    // Comments are strings, not symbols, so we don't need __BRA__ __KET__ 
+	    comment += "["+cvtToStr(selects_docs[dim])+"]";
+	    varRefp = new AstArraySel(nodep->fileline(), varRefp, selects_code[dim]);
+	    chgRefp = new AstArraySel(nodep->fileline(), chgRefp, selects_code[dim]);
+	}
+	if (bitsel) {
+	    comment += "["+cvtToStr(bitindex_docs)+"]";
+	    int bitindex_code = bitindex_docs - nodep->lsb();
+	    varRefp = new AstSel(nodep->fileline(), varRefp, bitindex_code, 1);
+	    chgRefp = new AstSel(nodep->fileline(), chgRefp, bitindex_code, 1);
+	}
+	AstCoverToggle* newp = new AstCoverToggle (nodep->fileline(),
+						   newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "", "v_toggle", comment),
+						   varRefp, chgRefp);
+	m_modp->addStmtp(newp);
+    }
+
+    // VISITORS - LINE COVERAGE
     virtual void visit(AstIf* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," IF: "<<nodep<<endl);
 	if (m_checkBlock) {
 	    nodep->ifsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
-	    if (m_checkBlock && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {	// if a "if" branch didn't disable it
+	    if (m_checkBlock
+		&& nodep->fileline()->coverageOn() && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {	// if a "if" branch didn't disable it
 		if (!nodep->backp()->castIf()
 		    || nodep->backp()->castIf()->elsesp()!=nodep) {  // Ignore if else; did earlier
 		    UINFO(4,"   COVER: "<<nodep<<endl);
-		    nodep->addIfsp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "block", "if"));
+		    nodep->addIfsp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "", "v_line", "if"));
 		}
 	    }
 	    // Don't do empty else's, only empty if/case's
 	    if (nodep->elsesp()) {
 		m_checkBlock = true;
 		nodep->elsesp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
-		if (m_checkBlock && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {	// if a "else" branch didn't disable it
+		if (m_checkBlock
+		    && nodep->fileline()->coverageOn() && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {	// if a "else" branch didn't disable it
 		    UINFO(4,"   COVER: "<<nodep<<endl);
 		    if (nodep->elsesp()->castIf()) {
-			nodep->addElsesp(newCoverInc(nodep->elsesp()->fileline(), "block", "elsif"));
+			nodep->addElsesp(newCoverInc(nodep->elsesp()->fileline(), "", "v_line", "elsif"));
 		    } else {
-			nodep->addElsesp(newCoverInc(nodep->elsesp()->fileline(), "block", "else"));
+			nodep->addElsesp(newCoverInc(nodep->elsesp()->fileline(), "", "v_line", "else"));
 		    }
 		}
 	    }
@@ -107,22 +241,25 @@ private:
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCaseItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," CASEI: "<<nodep<<endl);
-	if (m_checkBlock && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {
+	if (m_checkBlock
+	    && nodep->fileline()->coverageOn() && v3Global.opt.coverageLine()) {
 	    nodep->bodysp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	    if (m_checkBlock) {	// if the case body didn't disable it
 		UINFO(4,"   COVER: "<<nodep<<endl);
-		nodep->addBodysp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "block", "case"));
+		nodep->addBodysp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "", "v_line", "case"));
 	    }
 	    m_checkBlock = true;  // Reset as a child may have cleared it
 	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslCover* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," PSLCOVER: "<<nodep<<endl);
+	m_checkBlock = true;  // Always do cover blocks, even if there's a $stop
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (!nodep->coverincp()) {
 	    // Note the name may be overridden by V3Assert processing
-	    nodep->coverincp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), "psl_cover", "cover"));
+	    nodep->coverincp(newCoverInc(nodep->fileline(), m_beginHier, "v_user", "cover"));
 	}
+	m_checkBlock = true;  // Reset as a child may have cleared it
     }
     virtual void visit(AstStop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4,"  STOP: "<<nodep<<endl);
@@ -134,9 +271,30 @@ private:
 	    UINFO(4,"  OFF: "<<nodep<<endl);
 	    m_checkBlock = false;
 	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
+	} else {
+	    if (m_checkBlock) nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	}
-	if (m_checkBlock) nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstBegin* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Record the hiearchy of any named begins, so we can apply to user
+	// coverage points.  This is because there may be cov points inside
+	// generate blocks; each point should get separate consideration.
+	// (Currently ignored for line coverage, since any generate iteration
+	// covers the code in that line.)
+	string oldHier = m_beginHier;
+	bool oldtog = m_inToggleOff;
+	{
+	    m_inToggleOff = true;
+	    if (nodep->name()!="") {
+		m_beginHier = m_beginHier + (m_beginHier!=""?".":"") + nodep->name();
+	    }
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	}
+	m_beginHier = oldHier;
+	m_inToggleOff = oldtog;
+    }
+
+    // VISITORS - BOTH
     virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Default: Just iterate
 	if (m_checkBlock) {
@@ -150,6 +308,8 @@ public:
     CoverageVisitor(AstNetlist* rootp) {
 	// Operate on all modules
 	m_checkBlock = true;
+	m_beginHier = "";
+	m_inToggleOff = false;
 	rootp->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
     virtual ~CoverageVisitor() {}

src/V3Coverage.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3CoverageJoin.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//*************************************************************************
+// DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Netlist (top level) functions
+//
+// Code available from: http://www.veripool.org/verilator
+//
+// AUTHORS: Wilson Snyder with Paul Wasson, Duane Gabli
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+//
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+// General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+//
+// Verilator is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+// COVERAGEJOIN TRANSFORMATIONS:
+//	If two COVERTOGGLEs have same VARSCOPE, combine them
+//*************************************************************************
+
+
+#include "config_build.h"
+#include "verilatedos.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "V3Global.h"
+#include "V3CoverageJoin.h"
+#include "V3Hashed.h"
+#include "V3Stats.h"
+
+//######################################################################
+// CoverageJoin state, as a visitor of each AstNode
+
+class CoverageJoinVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
+private:
+    // NODE STATE
+    // V3Hashed
+    //  AstCoverToggle->VarRef::user4()	// V3Hashed calculation
+
+    //AstUser4InUse	In V3Hashed
+
+    // TYPES
+    typedef vector<AstCoverToggle*> ToggleList;
+
+    // STATE
+    ToggleList		m_toggleps;	// List of of all AstCoverToggle's
+
+    V3Double0		m_statToggleJoins;	// Statistic tracking
+
+    //int debug() { return 9; }
+
+    // METHODS
+    void detectDuplicates() {
+	UINFO(9,"Finding duplicates\n");
+	// Note uses user4
+	V3Hashed  hashed;	// Duplicate code detection
+	// Hash all of the original signals we toggle cover
+	for (ToggleList::iterator it = m_toggleps.begin(); it != m_toggleps.end(); ++it) {
+	    AstCoverToggle* nodep = *it;
+	    hashed.hashAndInsert(nodep->origp());
+	}
+	// Find if there are any duplicates
+	for (ToggleList::iterator it = m_toggleps.begin(); it != m_toggleps.end(); ++it) {
+	    AstCoverToggle* nodep = *it;
+	    if (nodep->backp()) {   // nodep->backp() is null if we already detected it's a duplicate and unlinked it
+		// Want to choose a base node, and keep finding duplicates that are identical
+		// This prevents making chains where a->b, then c->d, then b->c, as we'll find a->b, a->c, a->d directly.
+		while (1) {
+		    V3Hashed::iterator dupit = hashed.findDuplicate(nodep->origp());
+		    if (dupit == hashed.end()) break;
+		    //
+		    AstNode* duporigp = hashed.iteratorNodep(dupit);
+		    // Note hashed will point to the original variable (what's duplicated), not the covertoggle,
+		    // but we need to get back to the covertoggle which is immediately above, so:
+		    AstCoverToggle* removep = duporigp->backp()->castCoverToggle();
+		    if (!removep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("CoverageJoin duplicate of wrong type");
+		    UINFO(8,"  Orig "<<nodep<<" -->> "<<nodep->incp()->declp()<<endl);
+		    UINFO(8,"   dup "<<removep<<" -->> "<<removep->incp()->declp()<<endl);
+		    // The CoverDecl the duplicate pointed to now needs to point to the original's data
+		    // IE the duplicate will get the coverage number from the non-duplicate
+		    AstCoverDecl* datadeclp = nodep->incp()->declp()->dataDeclThisp();
+		    removep->incp()->declp()->dataDeclp (datadeclp);
+		    UINFO(8,"   new "<<removep->incp()->declp()<<endl);
+		    // Mark the found node as a duplicate of the first node
+		    // (Not vice-versa as we have the iterator for the found node)
+		    removep->unlinkFrBack();  pushDeletep(removep); removep=NULL;
+		    // Remove node from comparison so don't hit it again
+		    hashed.erase(dupit);
+		    m_statToggleJoins++;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    // VISITORS
+    virtual void visit(AstNetlist* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Find all Coverage's
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	// Simplify
+	detectDuplicates();
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverToggle* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	m_toggleps.push_back(nodep);
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+    //--------------------
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeMath* nodep, AstNUser*) {}  // Accelerate
+    virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+    }
+
+public:
+    // CONSTUCTORS
+    CoverageJoinVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+	nodep->accept(*this);
+    }
+    virtual ~CoverageJoinVisitor() {
+	V3Stats::addStat("Coverage, Toggle points joined", m_statToggleJoins);
+    }
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Coverage class functions
+
+void V3CoverageJoin::coverageJoin(AstNetlist* rootp) {
+    UINFO(2,__FUNCTION__<<": "<<endl);
+    CoverageJoinVisitor visitor (rootp);
+}

src/V3CoverageJoin.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//*************************************************************************
+// DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Coverage modules/signals together
+//
+// Code available from: http://www.veripool.org/verilator
+//
+// AUTHORS: Wilson Snyder with Paul Wasson, Duane Gabli
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+//
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+// General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+//
+// Verilator is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//*************************************************************************
+
+#ifndef _V3COVERAGEJOIN_H_
+#define _V3COVERAGEJOIN_H_ 1
+#include "config_build.h"
+#include "verilatedos.h"
+#include "V3Error.h"
+#include "V3Ast.h"
+
+//============================================================================
+
+class V3CoverageJoin {
+public:
+    // CREATORS
+    static void coverageJoin(AstNetlist* rootp);
+};
+
+#endif // Guard

src/V3Dead.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <map>
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ private:
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstCell* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->modp()->user(nodep->modp()->user() - 1);
+	nodep->modp()->user1(nodep->modp()->user1() - 1);
     }
     //-----
     virtual void visit(AstNodeMath* nodep, AstNUser*) {}  // Accelerate
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ private:
     //  AstModule::user()	-> int. Count of number of cells referencing this module.
     //  AstVar::user()		-> int. Count of number of references
     //  AstVarScope::user()	-> int. Count of number of references
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // TYPES
     typedef multimap<AstVarScope*,AstNodeAssign*>	AssignMap;
@@ -87,16 +88,16 @@ private:
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstCell* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	nodep->modp()->user(nodep->modp()->user() + 1);
+	nodep->modp()->user1(nodep->modp()->user1() + 1);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (nodep->varScopep()) {
-	    nodep->varScopep()->user(nodep->varScopep()->user() + 1);
-	    nodep->varScopep()->varp()->user(nodep->varScopep()->varp()->user() + 1);
+	    nodep->varScopep()->user1(nodep->varScopep()->user1() + 1);
+	    nodep->varScopep()->varp()->user1(nodep->varScopep()->varp()->user1() + 1);
 	}
 	if (nodep->varp()) {
-	    nodep->varp()->user(nodep->varp()->user() + 1);
+	    nodep->varp()->user1(nodep->varp()->user1() + 1);
 	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstVarScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ private:
 	    AstModule* nextmodp;
 	    for (AstModule* modp = v3Global.rootp()->modulesp(); modp; modp=nextmodp) {
 		nextmodp = modp->nextp()->castModule();
-		if (modp->level()>2	&& modp->user()==0) {
+		if (modp->level()>2	&& modp->user1()==0) {
 		    // > 2 because L1 is the wrapper, L2 is the top user module
 		    UINFO(4,"  Dead module "<<modp<<endl);
 		    // And its children may now be killable too; correct counts
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ private:
 	// Delete any unused varscopes
 	for (vector<AstVarScope*>::iterator it = m_vscsp.begin(); it!=m_vscsp.end(); ++it) {
 	    AstVarScope* vscp = *it;
-	    if (vscp->user() == 0 && canElim(vscp->varp())) {
+	    if (vscp->user1() == 0 && canElim(vscp->varp())) {
 		UINFO(4,"  Dead "<<vscp<<endl);
 		pair <AssignMap::iterator,AssignMap::iterator> eqrange = m_assignMap.equal_range(vscp);
 		for (AssignMap::iterator it = eqrange.first; it != eqrange.second; ++it) {
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ private:
 	    }
 	}
 	for (vector<AstVar*>::iterator it = m_varsp.begin(); it!=m_varsp.end(); ++it) {
-	    if ((*it)->user() == 0 && canElim((*it))) {
+	    if ((*it)->user1() == 0 && canElim((*it))) {
 		UINFO(4,"  Dead "<<(*it)<<endl);
 		(*it)->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); (*it)=NULL;
 	    }
@@ -188,7 +189,6 @@ public:
 	m_elimUserVars = elimUserVars;
 	m_sideEffect = false;
 	// Operate on whole netlist
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
 	nodep->accept(*this);
 	deadCheckVar();
 	// Modules after vars, because might be vars we delete inside a mod we delete

src/V3Dead.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Delayed.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
@@ -72,17 +72,21 @@ class DelayedVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Cleared each module:
-    //  AstVarScope::userp()	-> AstVarScope*.  Points to temp var created.
+    //  AstVarScope::user1p()	-> AstVarScope*.  Points to temp var created.
     //  AstVarScope::user2p()	-> AstActive*.  Points to activity block of signal
     //  AstVarScope::user4p()	-> AstAlwaysPost*.  Post block for this variable
+    //  AstVar::user1()		-> VarUsage. Tracks delayed vs non-delayed usage
     //  AstVar::user2()		-> bool.  Set true if already made warning
-    //  AstVar::user3()		-> VarUsage. Tracks delayed vs non-delayed usage
     //  AstVar::user4()		-> int.   Vector number, for assignment creation
     //  AstVarRef::user2()	-> bool.  Set true if already processed
     //  AstAlwaysPost::user4()	-> AstIf*.  Last IF (__Vdlyvset__) created under this AlwaysPost
     // Cleared each scope:
-    //  AstAssignDly::user5()	-> AstVarScope*.  __Vdlyvset__ created for this assign
-    //  AstAlwaysPost::user5()	-> AstVarScope*.  __Vdlyvset__ last referenced in IF
+    //  AstAssignDly::user3()	-> AstVarScope*.  __Vdlyvset__ created for this assign
+    //  AstAlwaysPost::user3()	-> AstVarScope*.  __Vdlyvset__ last referenced in IF
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+    AstUser2InUse	m_inuser2;
+    AstUser3InUse	m_inuser3;
+    AstUser4InUse	m_inuser4;
 
     enum VarUsage { VU_NONE=0, VU_DLY=1, VU_NONDLY=2 };
 
@@ -102,8 +106,8 @@ private:
     // METHODS
     void markVarUsage(AstVar* nodep, uint32_t flags) {
 	//UINFO(4," MVU "<<flags<<" "<<nodep<<endl);
-	nodep->user3( nodep->user3() | flags );
-	if ((nodep->user3() & VU_DLY) && (nodep->user3() & VU_NONDLY)) {
+	nodep->user1( nodep->user1() | flags );
+	if ((nodep->user1() & VU_DLY) && (nodep->user1() & VU_NONDLY)) {
 	    nodep->v3warn(BLKANDNBLK,"Unsupported: Blocked and non-blocking assignments to same variable: "<<nodep->prettyName());
 	}
     }
@@ -179,7 +183,7 @@ private:
 		dimreadps.push_front(dimp);
 	    } else {
 		string bitvarname = (string("__Vdlyvdim")+cvtToStr(dimension)
-				     +"__"+oldvarp->shortName()+"__"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
+				     +"__"+oldvarp->shortName()+"__v"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
 		AstVarScope* bitvscp = createVarSc(varrefp->varScopep(), bitvarname, dimp->width());
 		AstAssign* bitassignp
 		    = new AstAssign (nodep->fileline(),
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ private:
 	    if (bitselp->fromp()->castConst()) {// vlsb = constant, can just push constant into where we use it
 		bitreadp = lsbvaluep;
 	    } else {
-		string bitvarname = (string("__Vdlyvlsb__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
+		string bitvarname = (string("__Vdlyvlsb__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__v"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
 		AstVarScope* bitvscp = createVarSc(varrefp->varScopep(), bitvarname, lsbvaluep->width());
 		AstAssign* bitassignp = new AstAssign (nodep->fileline(),
 						       new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), bitvscp, true),
@@ -212,7 +216,7 @@ private:
 	if (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()) {	// vval = constant, can just push constant into where we use it
 	    valreadp = nodep->rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
 	} else {
-	    string valvarname = (string("__Vdlyvval__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
+	    string valvarname = (string("__Vdlyvval__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__v"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
 	    AstVarScope* valvscp = createVarSc(varrefp->varScopep(), valvarname, nodep->rhsp()->width());
 	    newlhsp = new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), valvscp, true);
 	    valreadp = new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), valvscp, false);
@@ -222,16 +226,16 @@ private:
 	bool sharedVset = false;
 	AstVarScope* setvscp;
 
-	if (nodep->user5p()) {
+	if (nodep->user3p()) {
 	    // Simplistic optimization.  If the previous statement in same scope was also a =>,
-	    // then we told this nodep->user5 we can use its Vdlyvset rather than making a new one.
+	    // then we told this nodep->user3 we can use its Vdlyvset rather than making a new one.
 	    // This is good for code like:
 	    //    for (i=0; i<5; i++)  vector[i] <= something;
 	    sharedVset = true;
-	    setvscp = nodep->user5p()->castNode()->castVarScope();
+	    setvscp = nodep->user3p()->castNode()->castVarScope();
 	    m_statSharedSet++;
 	} else {  // Create new one
-	    string setvarname = (string("__Vdlyvset__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
+	    string setvarname = (string("__Vdlyvset__")+oldvarp->shortName()+"__v"+cvtToStr(modVecNum));
 	    setvscp = createVarSc(varrefp->varScopep(), setvarname, 1);
 	    AstAssignPre* setinitp
 		= new AstAssignPre (nodep->fileline(),
@@ -246,7 +250,7 @@ private:
 	    nodep->addNextHere(setassignp);
 	}
 	if (m_nextDlyp) {  // Tell next assigndly it can share the variable
-	    m_nextDlyp->user5p(setvscp);
+	    m_nextDlyp->user3p(setvscp);
 	}
 	//
 	// Create ALWAYSPOST for delayed variable
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ private:
 	    varrefp->varScopep()->user4p(finalp);
 	}
 	AstIf* postLogicp;
-	if (finalp->user5p()->castNode() == setvscp) {
+	if (finalp->user3p()->castNode() == setvscp) {
 	    // Optimize as above; if sharing Vdlyvset *ON SAME VARIABLE*,
 	    // we can share the IF statement too
 	    postLogicp = finalp->user4p()->castNode()->castIf();
@@ -285,7 +289,7 @@ private:
 				    NULL);
 	    UINFO(9,"     Created "<<postLogicp<<endl);
 	    finalp->addBodysp(postLogicp);
-	    finalp->user5p(setvscp);	// Remember IF's vset variable
+	    finalp->user3p(setvscp);	// Remember IF's vset variable
 	    finalp->user4p(postLogicp);	// and the associated IF, as we may be able to reuse it
 	}
 	postLogicp->addIfsp(new AstAssign(nodep->fileline(), selectsp, valreadp));
@@ -297,15 +301,11 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstNetlist* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	//VV*****  We reset all userp() on the netlist
 	m_modVarMap.clear();
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
-	AstNode::user2ClearTree();
-	AstNode::user3ClearTree();
-	AstNode::user4ClearTree();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," MOD   "<<nodep<<endl);
-	AstNode::user5ClearTree();
+	AstNode::user3ClearTree();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ private:
 		if (!m_activep->hasClocked()) nodep->v3error("Internal: Blocking <= assignment in non-clocked block, should have converted in V3Active");
 		AstVarScope* oldvscp = nodep->varScopep();
 		if (!oldvscp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Var didn't get varscoped in V3Scope.cpp\n");
-		AstVarScope* dlyvscp = oldvscp->userp()->castNode()->castVarScope();
+		AstVarScope* dlyvscp = oldvscp->user1p()->castNode()->castVarScope();
 		if (dlyvscp) {  // Multiple use of delayed variable
 		    AstActive* oldactivep = dlyvscp->user2p()->castNode()->castActive();
 		    if (!oldactivep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("<= old dly assignment not put under sensitivity block");
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ private:
 			UINFO(4,"  Act: "<<m_activep<<endl);
 			UINFO(4,"  Act: "<<oldactivep<<endl);
 			// Make a new sensitivity list, which is the combination of both blocks
-			AstSenItem* sena = m_activep->sensesp()->sensesp()->cloneTree(true)->castSenItem();
-			AstSenItem* senb = oldactivep->sensesp()->sensesp()->cloneTree(true)->castSenItem();
+			AstNodeSenItem* sena = m_activep->sensesp()->sensesp()->cloneTree(true);
+			AstNodeSenItem* senb = oldactivep->sensesp()->sensesp()->cloneTree(true);
 			AstSenTree* treep = new AstSenTree(m_activep->fileline(), sena);
 			if (senb) treep->addSensesp(senb);
 			if (AstSenTree* storep = oldactivep->sensesStorep()) {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ private:
 					     new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), oldvscp, true),
 					     new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), dlyvscp, false));
 		    postp->lhsp()->user2(true);	// Don't detect this assignment
-		    oldvscp->userp(dlyvscp);  // So we can find it later
+		    oldvscp->user1p(dlyvscp);  // So we can find it later
 		    // Make new ACTIVE with identical sensitivity tree
 		    AstActive* newactp = new AstActive (nodep->fileline(), "sequentdly",
 							m_activep->sensesp());

src/V3Delayed.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Depth.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ private:
 	UINFO(6,"  Deep  "<<nodep<<endl);
 	//if (debug()>=9) nodep->dumpTree(cout,"deep:");
 
-	string newvarname = ((string)"__Vdeeptemp__"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
+	string newvarname = ((string)"__Vdeeptemp"+cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
 	AstVar* varp = new AstVar (nodep->fileline(), AstVarType::STMTTEMP, newvarname,
 				   // Width, not widthMin, as we may be in middle of BITSEL expression which
 				   // though it's one bit wide, needs the mask in the upper bits.
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ private:
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	m_funcp = NULL;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	m_funcp = nodep;
@@ -132,11 +133,6 @@ private:
 	    m_funcp->isStatic(false);
 	}
     }
-    virtual void visit(AstCoverInc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// OPTIMIZE: For now this needs this->__Vcoverage, but could be globalized
-	needNonStaticFunc(nodep);
-	visitStmt(nodep);
-    }
     virtual void visit(AstUCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	needNonStaticFunc(nodep);
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
@@ -162,7 +158,6 @@ public:
 	m_depth=0;
 	m_maxdepth=0;
 	//
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~DepthVisitor() {}

src/V3Depth.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3DepthBlock.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ private:
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	m_deepNum = 0;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// We recurse into this.

src/V3DepthBlock.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Descope.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE
     //  Cleared entire netlist
     //   AstCFunc::user()		// bool.  Indicates processing completed
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // TYPES
     typedef multimap<string,AstCFunc*>	FuncMmap;
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ private:
 	    if (moreOfSame1) {
 		// Multiple functions under this name, need a wrapper function
 		UINFO(6,"  Wrapping "<<name<<" multifuncs\n");
-		AstCFunc* newfuncp = topFuncp->cloneTree(false)->castCFunc();
+		AstCFunc* newfuncp = topFuncp->cloneTree(false);
 		if (newfuncp->initsp())  newfuncp->initsp()->unlinkFrBackWithNext()->deleteTree();
 		if (newfuncp->stmtsp())  newfuncp->stmtsp()->unlinkFrBackWithNext()->deleteTree();
 		if (newfuncp->finalsp()) newfuncp->finalsp()->unlinkFrBackWithNext()->deleteTree();
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@ private:
 	m_modFuncs.clear();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	makePublicFuncWrappers();
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	m_scopep = nodep;
@@ -209,10 +211,10 @@ private:
 	// nodep->funcp()->scopep(NULL);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstCFunc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	if (!nodep->user()) {
+	if (!nodep->user1()) {
 	    m_needThis = false;
 	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	    nodep->user(true);
+	    nodep->user1(true);
 	    if (m_needThis) {
 		nodep->v3fatalSrc("old code");
 		// Really we should have more node types for backend optimization of this stuff
@@ -244,7 +246,6 @@ public:
 	m_modp = NULL;
 	m_scopep = NULL;
 	m_needThis = false;
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
     virtual ~DescopeVisitor() {}

src/V3Descope.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3EmitC.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3EmitCBase.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"
 #include "V3File.h"
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ public:
     virtual void putsIntTopInclude() { puts("#include \"systemperl.h\"\n"); }
 };
 
-class V3OutVFile : public V3OutCFile {
+class V3OutVFile : public V3OutFile {
 public:
-    V3OutVFile(const string& filename) : V3OutCFile(filename) {}
+    V3OutVFile(const string& filename) : V3OutFile(filename) {}
     virtual ~V3OutVFile() {};
     virtual void putsHeader() { puts("// Verilated -*- Verilog -*-\n"); }
 };
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public:
 };
 
 //######################################################################
-// Fileize state, as a visitor of each AstNode
+// Count operations under the given node, as a visitor of each AstNode
 
 class EmitCBaseCounterVisitor : public AstNVisitor {
 private:

src/V3EmitCInlines.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 

src/V3EmitCSyms.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
@@ -38,11 +38,17 @@
 // Symbol table emitting
 
 class EmitCSyms : EmitCBaseVisitor {
+    // NODE STATE
+    // Cleared on Netlist
+    //  AstModule::user1()	-> bool.  Set true __Vconfigure called
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
+
     // STATE
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Current module
     typedef pair<AstScope*,AstModule*> ScopeModPair;
     vector<ScopeModPair>  m_scopes;	// Every scope by module
     V3LanguageWords 	m_words;	// Reserved word detector
+    int		m_coverBins;		// Coverage bin number
 
     // METHODS
     void emitInt();
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ class EmitCSyms : EmitCBaseVisitor {
 
 	// Sort m_scopes by scope name
 	sort(m_scopes.begin(), m_scopes.end(), CmpName());
+
 	// Output
 	emitInt();
 	emitImp();
@@ -78,11 +85,18 @@ class EmitCSyms : EmitCBaseVisitor {
 	nameCheck(nodep);
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nameCheck(nodep);
 	m_scopes.push_back(make_pair(nodep, m_modp));
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverDecl* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Assign numbers to all bins, so we know how big of an array to use
+	if (!nodep->dataDeclNullp()) {  // else duplicate we don't need code for
+	    nodep->binNum(m_coverBins++);
+	}
+    }
     // NOPs
     virtual void visit(AstNodeStmt*, AstNUser*) {}
     virtual void visit(AstConst*, AstNUser*) {}
@@ -96,6 +110,7 @@ class EmitCSyms : EmitCBaseVisitor {
 public:
     EmitCSyms(AstNetlist* nodep) {
 	m_modp = NULL;
+	m_coverBins = 0;
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
 };
@@ -145,6 +160,12 @@ void EmitCSyms::emitInt() {
 	}
     }
 
+    puts("\n// COVERAGE\n");
+    if (m_coverBins) {
+	ofp()->putAlign(V3OutFile::AL_AUTO, sizeof(uint32_t));
+	puts("uint32_t\t__Vcoverage["); puts(cvtToStr(m_coverBins)); puts("];\n");
+    }
+
     puts("\n// CREATORS\n");
     puts(symClassName()+"("+topClassName()+"* topp, const char* namep);\n");
     puts((string)"~"+symClassName()+"() {};\n");
@@ -215,11 +236,16 @@ void EmitCSyms::emitImp() {
 	}
     }
     puts("// Setup each module's pointer back to symbol table (for public functions)\n");
-    puts("TOPp->__Vconfigure(this);\n");
+    puts("TOPp->__Vconfigure(this, true);\n");
     for (vector<ScopeModPair>::iterator it = m_scopes.begin(); it != m_scopes.end(); ++it) {
 	AstScope* scopep = it->first;  AstModule* modp = it->second;
 	if (!modp->isTop()) {
-	    puts(scopep->nameDotless()+".__Vconfigure(this);\n");
+	    // first is used by AstCoverDecl's call to __vlCoverInsert
+	    bool first = !modp->user1();
+	    modp->user1(true);
+	    puts(scopep->nameDotless()+".__Vconfigure(this, "
+		 +(first?"true":"false")
+		 +");\n");
 	}
     }
 

src/V3EmitMk.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public:
 	of.putsHeader();
 	of.puts("\n");
 
+	of.puts("VM_COVERAGE = "); of.puts(v3Global.opt.coverage()?"1":"0"); of.puts("\n");
 	of.puts("VM_TRACE = "); of.puts(v3Global.opt.trace()?"1":"0"); of.puts("\n");
 	of.puts("\n");
 

src/V3EmitMk.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3EmitV.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@
 //######################################################################
 // Emit statements and math operators
 
-class EmitVImp : public EmitCBaseVisitor {
-private:
+class EmitVBaseVisitor : public EmitCBaseVisitor {
+    // MEMBERS
     bool	m_suppressSemi;
-    AstModule*	m_modp;
-public:
     //int debug() { return 9; }
 
     // METHODS
+    virtual void puts(const string& str) = 0;
+    virtual void putbs(const string& str) = 0;
+    virtual void putsNoTracking(const string& str) = 0;
     
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstNetlist* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstModule* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	m_modp = nodep;
 	putbs("module "+modClassName(nodep)+";\n");
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	puts("endmodule\n");
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public:
     virtual void visit(AstAlways* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs("always ");
 	nodep->sensesp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
-	putbs("begin\n");
+	putbs(" begin\n");
 	nodep->bodysp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	puts("end\n");
     }
@@ -117,17 +117,22 @@ public:
 	if (!m_suppressSemi) puts(";\n");
     }
     virtual void visit(AstSenTree* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// AstSenItem is called for dumping in isolation by V3Order
 	putbs("@(");
-	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	puts(") ");
+	for (AstNode* expp=nodep->sensesp(); expp; expp = expp->nextp()) {
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	    if (expp->nextp()) puts(" or ");
+	}
+	puts(")");
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSenGate* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	emitVerilogFormat(nodep, nodep->emitVerilog(), nodep->sensesp(), nodep->rhsp());
     }
     virtual void visit(AstSenItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs("");
-	if (nodep->backp()->castSenItem()) puts(" or ");
 	puts(nodep->edgeType().verilogKwd());
-	puts(" ");
+	if (nodep->sensp()) puts(" ");
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	puts(" ");
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeCase* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
@@ -157,25 +162,33 @@ public:
 	puts((string)"// "+nodep->name()+"\n");
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
     }
-    virtual void visit(AstCoverDecl*, AstNUser*) {
-	// N/A
-    }
-    virtual void visit(AstCoverInc*, AstNUser*) {
-	// N/A
-    }
-    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverDecl*, AstNUser*) {}  // N/A
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverInc*, AstNUser*) {}  // N/A
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverToggle*, AstNUser*) {}  // N/A
+
+    void visitNodeDisplay(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* filep, const string& text, AstNode* exprsp) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
-	if (nodep->filep()) { nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs(","); }
+	if (filep) { filep->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs(","); }
 	puts("\"");
-	ofp()->putsNoTracking(nodep->text());
+	putsNoTracking(text);
 	puts("\"");
-	for (AstNode* expp=nodep->exprsp(); expp; expp = expp->nextp()) {
+	for (AstNode* expp=exprsp; expp; expp = expp->nextp()) {
 	    puts(",");
 	    expp->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	}
 	puts(");\n");
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->filep(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->filep(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->fromp(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+
     virtual void visit(AstFOpen* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
@@ -192,6 +205,12 @@ public:
 	if (nodep->filep()) nodep->filep()->iterateChildren(*this);
 	puts(");\n");
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstFFlush* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
+	putbs(" (");
+	if (nodep->filep()) nodep->filep()->iterateChildren(*this);
+	puts(");\n");
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstReadMem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
@@ -243,7 +262,7 @@ public:
 	putbs("$finish;\n");
     }
     virtual void visit(AstText* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	ofp()->putsNoTracking(nodep->text());
+	putsNoTracking(nodep->text());
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScopeName* nodep, AstNUser*) {
     }
@@ -345,11 +364,11 @@ public:
 	    if (nodep->widthp()->isOne()) {
 		nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	    } else {
-		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->asInt()
-			      +nodep->widthp()->castConst()->asInt()
+		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->toSInt()
+			      +nodep->widthp()->castConst()->toSInt()
 			      -1));
 		puts(":");
-		nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->toSInt()));
 	    }
 	} else {
 	    nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts("+:");
@@ -416,21 +435,50 @@ public:
     }
 
 public:
-    EmitVImp() {
+    EmitVBaseVisitor() {
 	m_suppressSemi = false;
-	m_modp = NULL;
     }
-    void main(AstNode* nodep, V3OutCFile* ofp);
-    virtual ~EmitVImp() {}
+    virtual ~EmitVBaseVisitor() {}
 };
 
 //######################################################################
+// Emit to an output file
 
-void EmitVImp::main(AstNode* modp, V3OutCFile* ofp) {
-    // Output a module, or overall netlist
-    m_ofp = ofp;
-    modp->accept(*this);
-}
+class EmitVFileVisitor : public EmitVBaseVisitor {
+    // MEMBERS
+    V3OutFile*	m_ofp;
+    // METHODS
+    V3OutFile*	ofp() const { return m_ofp; };
+    void puts(const string& str) { ofp()->puts(str); }
+    void putbs(const string& str) { ofp()->putbs(str); }
+    void putsNoTracking(const string& str) { ofp()->putsNoTracking(str); }
+    
+public:
+    EmitVFileVisitor(AstNode* nodep, V3OutFile* ofp) {
+	m_ofp = ofp;
+	nodep->accept(*this);
+    }
+    virtual ~EmitVFileVisitor() {}
+};
+
+//######################################################################
+// Emit to a stream (perhaps stringstream)
+
+class EmitVStreamVisitor : public EmitVBaseVisitor {
+    // MEMBERS
+    ostream&	m_os;
+    // METHODS
+    void puts(const string& str) { m_os<<str; }
+    void putbs(const string& str) { m_os<<str; }
+    void putsNoTracking(const string& str) { m_os<<str; }
+    
+public:
+    EmitVStreamVisitor(AstNode* nodep, ostream& os)
+	: m_os(os) {
+	nodep->accept(*this);
+    }
+    virtual ~EmitVStreamVisitor() {}
+};
 
 //######################################################################
 // EmitV class functions
@@ -441,15 +489,18 @@ void V3EmitV::emitv() {
 	// All-in-one file
 	V3OutVFile of (v3Global.opt.makeDir()+"/"+v3Global.opt.prefix()+"__Vout.v");
 	of.putsHeader();
-	EmitVImp imp;
-	imp.main(v3Global.rootp(), &of);
+	EmitVFileVisitor visitor (v3Global.rootp(), &of);
     } else {
 	// Process each module in turn
 	for (AstModule* modp = v3Global.rootp()->modulesp(); modp; modp=modp->nextp()->castModule()) {
-	    EmitVImp imp;
-	    V3OutVFile of (v3Global.opt.makeDir()+"/"+imp.modClassName(modp)+"__Vout.v");
+	    V3OutVFile of (v3Global.opt.makeDir()
+			   +"/"+EmitCBaseVisitor::modClassName(modp)+"__Vout.v");
 	    of.putsHeader();
-	    imp.main(modp, &of);
+	    EmitVFileVisitor visitor (modp, &of);
 	}
     }
 }
+
+void V3EmitV::verilogForTree(AstNode* nodep, ostream& os) {
+    EmitVStreamVisitor(nodep, os);
+}

src/V3EmitV.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 class V3EmitV {
 public:
     static void emitv();
+    static void verilogForTree(AstNode* nodep, ostream& os=cout);
 };
 
 #endif // Guard

src/V3Error.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <set>
 #include "V3Error.h"
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ V3ErrorCode::V3ErrorCode(const char* msgp) {
 //######################################################################
 // FileLine class functions
 
+FileLine::FileLine(FileLine::EmptySecret) {
+    m_lineno=0;
+    m_filename="COMMAND_LINE";
+
+    m_warnOn=0;
+    for (int codei=V3ErrorCode::MIN; codei<V3ErrorCode::MAX; codei++) {
+	V3ErrorCode code = (V3ErrorCode)codei;
+	warnOff(code, code.defaultsOff());
+    }
+}
+
 void FileLine::lineDirective(const char* textp) {
     // Handle `line directive
     // Skip `line
@@ -141,7 +152,7 @@ const string FileLine::profileFuncname() const {
 	   != string::npos) {
 	name.replace(pos, 1, "_");
     }
-    name += "__"+cvtToStr(lineno());
+    name += "__l"+cvtToStr(lineno());
     return name;
 }
 
@@ -153,13 +164,23 @@ ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, FileLine* fileline) {
     return(os);
 }
 
-bool FileLine::warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) {
-    if (m_warnOff.test(code)) return true;
+bool FileLine::warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) const {
+    if (!m_warnOn.test(code)) return true;
     // UNOPTFLAT implies UNOPT
-    if (code==V3ErrorCode::UNOPT && m_warnOff.test(V3ErrorCode::UNOPTFLAT)) return true;
+    if (code==V3ErrorCode::UNOPT && !m_warnOn.test(V3ErrorCode::UNOPTFLAT)) return true;
     return false;
 }
 
+void FileLine::warnStateInherit(const FileLine& from) {
+    // Any warnings that are off in "from", become off in "this".
+    for (int codei=V3ErrorCode::FIRST_WARN; codei<V3ErrorCode::MAX; codei++) {
+	V3ErrorCode code = (V3ErrorCode)codei;
+	if (from.warnIsOff(code)) {
+	    this->warnOff(code, true);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
 void FileLine::v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str) {
     if (this && m_lineno) {
 	ostringstream nsstr;
@@ -261,6 +282,7 @@ void V3Error::abortIfWarnings() {
 
 bool V3Error::isError(V3ErrorCode code) {
     if (code==V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) return false;
+    else if (code==V3ErrorCode::INFO) return false;
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) return true;
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::ERROR) return true;
     else if (code<V3ErrorCode::FIRST_WARN
@@ -270,6 +292,7 @@ bool V3Error::isError(V3ErrorCode code) {
 
 string V3Error::msgPrefix(V3ErrorCode code) {
     if (code==V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) return "-arning-suppressed: ";
+    else if (code==V3ErrorCode::INFO) return "-Info: ";
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) return "%Error: ";
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::ERROR) return "%Error: ";
     else if (isError(code)) return "%Error-"+(string)code.ascii()+": ";
@@ -306,12 +329,15 @@ void V3Error::v3errorEnd (ostringstream& sstr) {
 #ifdef __COVERITY__
     if (s_errorCode==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) __coverity_panic__(x);
 #endif
-    if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS || debug()) {
+    if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS
+	// On debug, show only non default-off warning to prevent pages of warnings
+	|| (debug() && !s_errorCode.defaultsOff())) {
 	cerr<<msgPrefix()<<sstr.str();
 	if (sstr.str()[sstr.str().length()-1] != '\n') {
 	    cerr<<endl;
 	}
-	if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) {
+	if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS
+	    && s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::INFO) {
 	    if (!s_describedEachWarn[s_errorCode]
 		&& !s_pretendError[s_errorCode]) {
 		s_describedEachWarn[s_errorCode] = true;

src/V3Error.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -33,9 +33,15 @@
 class V3ErrorCode {
 public:
     enum en {
+	MIN=0,		// Keep first
+	//
 	SUPPRESS,	// Warning suppressed by user
+	INFO,		// General information out
 	FATAL,		// Kill the program
 	ERROR,		// General error out, can't suppress
+	// Boolean information we track per-line, but aren't errors
+	I_COVERAGE,	// Coverage is on/off from /*verilator coverage_on/off*/
+	I_TRACING,	// Tracing is on/off from /*verilator tracing_on/off*/
 	// Error codes:
 	MULTITOP,	// Error: Multiple top level modules
 	TASKNSVAR,	// Error: Task I/O not simple
@@ -45,11 +51,13 @@ public:
 	BLKANDNBLK,	// Blocked and non-blocking assignments to same variable
 	CASEINCOMPLETE,	// Case statement has missing values
 	CASEOVERLAP,	// Case statements overlap
+	CASEWITHX,	// Case with X values
 	CASEX,		// Casex
 	CMPCONST,	// Comparison is constant due to limited range
 	COMBDLY,	// Combinatorial delayed assignment
 	STMTDLY,	// Delayed statement
 	GENCLK,		// Generated Clock
+	IMPERFECTSCH,	// Imperfect schedule (disabled by default)
 	IMPLICIT,	// Implicit wire
 	IMPURE,		// Impure function not being inlined
 	MULTIDRIVEN,	// Driven from multiple blocks
@@ -74,12 +82,16 @@ public:
     const char* ascii() const {
 	const char* names[] = {
 	    // Leading spaces indicate it can't be disabled.
-	    " SUPPRESS", " FATAL", " ERROR",
-	     "MULTITOP", "TASKNSVAR",
+	    " MIN", " SUPPRESS", " INFO", " FATAL", " ERROR",
+	    // Boolean
+	    " I_COVERAGE", " I_TRACING",
+	    // Errors
+	    "MULTITOP", "TASKNSVAR",
+	    // Warnings
 	    " FIRST_WARN",
 	    "BLKANDNBLK",
-	    "CASEINCOMPLETE", "CASEOVERLAP", "CASEX", "CMPCONST",
-	    "COMBDLY", "STMTDLY", "GENCLK", "IMPLICIT", "IMPURE",
+	    "CASEINCOMPLETE", "CASEOVERLAP", "CASEWITHX", "CASEX", "CMPCONST",
+	    "COMBDLY", "STMTDLY", "GENCLK", "IMPERFECTSCH", "IMPLICIT", "IMPURE",
 	    "MULTIDRIVEN", "REDEFMACRO",
 	    "UNDRIVEN", "UNOPT", "UNOPTFLAT", "UNSIGNED", "UNUSED",
 	    "VARHIDDEN", "WIDTH", "WIDTHCONCAT",
@@ -87,6 +99,8 @@ public:
 	};
 	return names[m_e];
     };
+    // Warnings that default to off
+    bool defaultsOff() const { return ( m_e==IMPERFECTSCH );};
     // Warnings that warn about nasty side effects
     bool dangerous() const { return ( m_e==COMBDLY );};
     // Warnings we'll present to the user as errors
@@ -94,7 +108,8 @@ public:
     bool pretendError() const { return ( m_e==BLKANDNBLK || m_e==IMPURE); };
     // Warnings that are lint only
     bool lintError() const { return ( m_e==CASEINCOMPLETE || m_e==CASEOVERLAP
-				      || m_e==CASEX || m_e==CMPCONST
+				      || m_e==CASEWITHX || m_e==CASEX
+				      || m_e==CMPCONST
 				      || m_e==IMPLICIT
 				      || m_e==UNDRIVEN || m_e==UNSIGNED
 				      || m_e==UNUSED || m_e==VARHIDDEN
@@ -159,6 +174,7 @@ inline void v3errorEnd(ostringstream& sstr) { V3Error::v3errorEnd(sstr); }
 
 // These allow errors using << operators: v3error("foo"<<"bar");
 // Careful, you can't put () around msg, as you would in most macro definitions
+#define v3info(msg)  v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::INFO)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3fatal(msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::FATAL)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3error(msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::ERROR)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3warn(code,msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::code)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
@@ -171,7 +187,7 @@ inline void v3errorEnd(ostringstream& sstr) { V3Error::v3errorEnd(sstr); }
 #define UDEBUGONLY(stmts) {stmts}
 #define UASSERT(condition,stmsg) { if (!(condition)) { v3fatalSrc(stmsg); }}
 // For use in V3Ast static functions only
-#define UASSERT_STATIC(condition,stmsg) { if (!(condition)) { cerr<<"Internal Error: "<<__FILE__<<":"<<dec<<__LINE__<<(stmsg)<<endl; abort(); } }
+#define UASSERT_STATIC(condition,stmsg) { if (!(condition)) { cerr<<"Internal Error: "<<__FILE__<<":"<<dec<<__LINE__<<":"<<(stmsg)<<endl; abort(); } }
 
 #define V3ERROR_NA v3error("Internal: Unexpected Call")
 
@@ -181,13 +197,21 @@ template< class T> std::string cvtToStr (const T& t) {
     ostringstream os; os<<t; return os.str();
 }
 
+inline uint32_t cvtToHash(void* vp) {
+    // We can shove a 64 bit pointer into a 32 bit bucket
+    // On 32 bit systems, lower is always 0, but who cares?
+    union { void* up; struct {uint32_t upper; uint32_t lower;} l;} u;
+    u.l.upper=0; u.l.lower=0; u.up=vp;
+    return u.l.upper^u.l.lower;
+}
+
 //######################################################################
 
 class FileLine {
     // File and line number of an object, mostly for error reporting
     int		m_lineno;
     string	m_filename;
-    bitset<V3ErrorCode::MAX>	m_warnOff;
+    bitset<V3ErrorCode::MAX>	m_warnOn;
     static FileLine s_defaultFileLine;
     struct EmptySecret {};
 protected:
@@ -201,9 +225,9 @@ protected:
     void incLineno() { m_lineno++; }
     FileLine* copyOrSameFileLine();
 public:
-    FileLine (const string& filename, int lineno) { m_lineno=lineno; m_filename = filename; m_warnOff=s_defaultFileLine.m_warnOff; }
-    FileLine (FileLine* fromp) { m_lineno=fromp->lineno(); m_filename = fromp->filename(); m_warnOff=fromp->m_warnOff; }
-    FileLine (EmptySecret) { m_lineno=0; m_filename="COMMAND_LINE"; m_warnOff=0; }
+    FileLine (const string& filename, int lineno) { m_lineno=lineno; m_filename = filename; m_warnOn=s_defaultFileLine.m_warnOn; }
+    FileLine (FileLine* fromp) { m_lineno=fromp->lineno(); m_filename = fromp->filename(); m_warnOn=fromp->m_warnOn; }
+    FileLine (EmptySecret);
     ~FileLine() { }
 #ifdef VL_LEAK_CHECKS
     static void* operator new(size_t size);
@@ -216,13 +240,21 @@ public:
     const string filebasename () const;
     const char* cfilename () const { return m_filename.c_str(); }
     const string profileFuncname() const;
-    void warnOff(V3ErrorCode code, bool flag) { m_warnOff.set(code,flag); }	// Turn on/off warning messages on this line.
+    void warnOff(V3ErrorCode code, bool flag) { m_warnOn.set(code,!flag); }	// Turn on/off warning messages on this line.
     bool warnOff(const string& code, bool flag);  // Returns 1 if ok
-    bool warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code);
+    bool warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) const;
     void warnLintOff(bool flag);
-    void warnStateFrom(const FileLine& from) { m_warnOff=from.m_warnOff; }
+    void warnStateFrom(const FileLine& from) { m_warnOn=from.m_warnOn; }
+    void warnStateInherit(const FileLine& from);
     void warnResetDefault() { warnStateFrom(s_defaultFileLine); }
 
+    // Boolean ACCESSORS/METHODS
+    bool coverageOn() const { return m_warnOn.test(V3ErrorCode::I_COVERAGE); }
+    void coverageOn(bool flag) { m_warnOn.set(V3ErrorCode::I_COVERAGE,flag); }
+    bool tracingOn() const { return m_warnOn.test(V3ErrorCode::I_TRACING); }
+    void tracingOn(bool flag) { m_warnOn.set(V3ErrorCode::I_TRACING,flag); }
+
+    // METHODS
     void	v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str);
     inline bool operator==(FileLine rhs) { return (m_lineno==rhs.m_lineno && m_filename==rhs.m_filename); }
 

src/V3Expand.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2004-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2004-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ private:
 	// Return equation to get the VL_BITWORD of a constant or non-constant
 	if (lsbp->castConst()) {
 	    return new AstConst (lsbp->fileline(),
-				 wordAdder + VL_BITWORD_I(lsbp->castConst()->asInt()));
+				 wordAdder + VL_BITWORD_I(lsbp->castConst()->toUInt()));
 	} else {
 	    AstNode* shiftp = new AstShiftR (lsbp->fileline(),
 					     lsbp->cloneTree(true),
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ private:
 	// Return equation to get the VL_BITBIT of a constant or non-constant
 	if (lsbp->castConst()) {
 	    return new AstConst (lsbp->fileline(),
-				 VL_BITBIT_I(lsbp->castConst()->asInt()));
+				 VL_BITBIT_I(lsbp->castConst()->toUInt()));
 	} else {
 	    return new AstAnd   (lsbp->fileline(),
 				 new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), VL_WORDSIZE-1),
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ private:
 		UINFO(8,"    REPLICATE "<<nodep<<endl);
 		AstConst* constp = nodep->rhsp()->castConst();
 		if (!constp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Replication value isn't a constant.  Checked earlier!");
-		uint32_t times = constp->asInt();
+		uint32_t times = constp->toUInt();
 		if (nodep->isQuad() && !lhsp->isQuad()) lhsp = new AstCast(nodep->fileline(), lhsp, nodep);
 		newp = lhsp->cloneTree(true);
 		for (unsigned repnum=1; repnum<times; repnum++) {
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ private:
 	int lhswidth = lhsp->widthMin();
 	AstConst* constp = rhsp->rhsp()->castConst();
 	if (!constp) rhsp->v3fatalSrc("Replication value isn't a constant.  Checked earlier!");
-	uint32_t times = constp->asInt();
+	uint32_t times = constp->toUInt();
 	for (int w=0; w<rhsp->widthWords(); w++) {
 	    AstNode* newp;
 	    if (lhswidth==1) {
@@ -905,7 +905,6 @@ public:
     }
     virtual ~ExpandVisitor() {}
     void main(AstNode* nodep) {
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }
 };

src/V3Expand.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3File.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -244,8 +244,9 @@ void V3File::createMakeDir() {
 // V3OutFile: A class for printing to a file, with automatic indentation of C++ code.
 
 V3OutFile::V3OutFile(const string& filename)
-    : m_lineno(1), m_column(0), m_nobreak(false), m_prependIndent(true), m_indentLevel(0)
-      , m_declSAlign(0), m_declNSAlign(0), m_declPadNum(0) {
+    : m_filename(filename), m_lineno(1), m_column(0)
+    , m_nobreak(false), m_prependIndent(true), m_indentLevel(0)
+    , m_declSAlign(0), m_declNSAlign(0), m_declPadNum(0) {
     if ((m_fp = V3File::new_fopen_w(filename.c_str())) == NULL) {
 	v3fatal("Cannot write "<<filename);
     }

src/V3File.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
 #include "V3Error.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <stack>
 #include <set>
 #include <fstream>
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ public:
 private:
     // MEMBERS
     FILE*	m_fp;
+    string	m_filename;
     int		m_lineno;
     int		m_column;
     int		m_nobreak;	// Basic operator or begin paren, don't break next
@@ -120,8 +121,9 @@ public:
     bool tokenStart(const char* cp, const char* cmp);
     bool tokenEnd(const char* cp);
     void indentInc() { m_indentLevel += INDBLK; };
-    void indentDec() { m_indentLevel -= INDBLK;
-       UASSERT(m_indentLevel>=0,"Underflow of indentation\n");
+    void indentDec() {
+	m_indentLevel -= INDBLK;
+	UASSERT(m_indentLevel>=0, ": "<<m_filename<<": Underflow of indentation\n");
     }
     void blockInc() { m_parenVec.push(m_indentLevel + INDBLK); }
     void blockDec() { if (!m_parenVec.empty()) m_parenVec.pop(); }

src/V3Gate.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -229,8 +229,9 @@ class GateVisitor : public GateBaseVisitor {
 private:
     // NODE STATE
     //Entire netlist:
-    // AstVarScope::userp	-> GateVarVertex* for usage var, 0=not set yet
-    // {statement}Node::userp	-> GateLogicVertex* for this statement
+    // AstVarScope::user1p	-> GateVarVertex* for usage var, 0=not set yet
+    // {statement}Node::user1p	-> GateLogicVertex* for this statement
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // STATE
     V3Graph		m_graph;	// Scoreboard of var usages/dependencies
@@ -262,11 +263,11 @@ private:
     }
 
     GateVarVertex* makeVarVertex(AstVarScope* varscp) {
-	GateVarVertex* vertexp = (GateVarVertex*)(varscp->userp());
+	GateVarVertex* vertexp = (GateVarVertex*)(varscp->user1p());
 	if (!vertexp) {
 	    UINFO(6,"New vertex "<<varscp<<endl);
 	    vertexp = new GateVarVertex(&m_graph, m_scopep, varscp);
-	    varscp->userp(vertexp);
+	    varscp->user1p(vertexp);
 	    if (varscp->varp()->isSigPublic()) {
 		// Public signals shouldn't be changed, pli code might be messing with them
 		vertexp->clearReducible("SigPublic");
@@ -293,8 +294,6 @@ private:
 
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstNetlist* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	//VV*****  We reset userp() and user2p
-	AstNode::userClearTree();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	//if (debug()>6) m_graph.dump();
 	if (debug()>6) m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("gate_pre");
@@ -316,6 +315,7 @@ private:
 	m_modp = nodep;
 	m_activeReducible = true;
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_modp = NULL;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	UINFO(4," SCOPE "<<nodep<<endl);
@@ -356,10 +356,21 @@ private:
 	iterateNewStmt(nodep, "User C Function", "User C Function");
     }
     virtual void visit(AstSenItem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// Note we look at only AstSenItems, not AstSenGate's
+	// The gating term of a AstSenGate is normal logic
 	m_inSenItem = true;
-	iterateNewStmt(nodep, NULL, NULL);
+	if (m_logicVertexp) {  // Already under logic; presumably a SenGate
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	} else {  // Standalone item, probably right under a SenTree
+	    iterateNewStmt(nodep, NULL, NULL);
+	}
 	m_inSenItem = false;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstSenGate* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// First handle the clock part will be handled in a minute by visit AstSenItem
+	// The logic gating term is delt with as logic
+	iterateNewStmt(nodep, "Clock gater", "Clock gater");
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstInitial* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	bool lastslow = m_inSlow;
 	m_inSlow = true;
@@ -372,6 +383,9 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstAssignW* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	iterateNewStmt(nodep, NULL, NULL);
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstCoverToggle* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	iterateNewStmt(nodep, "CoverToggle", "CoverToggle");
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstTraceInc* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	bool lastslow = m_inSlow;
 	m_inSlow = true;
@@ -420,7 +434,7 @@ void GateVisitor::optimizeSignals(bool allowMultiIn) {
 		if (!vvertexp->isTop()		// Ok if top inputs are driverless
 		    && !vvertexp->varScp()->varp()->initp()
 		    && !vvertexp->varScp()->varp()->isSigPublic()) {
-		    UINFO(1, "No drivers "<<vvertexp->varScp()<<endl);
+		    UINFO(4, "No drivers "<<vvertexp->varScp()<<endl);
 		    if (0) {
 			// If we warned here after constant propagation, what the user considered
 			// reasonable logic may have disappeared.  Issuing a warning would

src/V3Gate.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3GenClk.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ private:
     // Cleared on top scope
     //  AstVarScope::user2()	-> AstVarScope*.  Signal replacing activation with
     //  AstVarRef::user3()	-> bool.  Signal is replaced activation (already done)
+    AstUser2InUse	m_inuser2;
+    AstUser3InUse	m_inuser3;
 
     // STATE
     AstActive*	m_activep;		// Inside activate statement
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ private:
 
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstTopScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	AstNode::user2ClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
+	AstNode::user2ClearTree();	// user2p() used on entire tree
 
 	AstScope* scopep = nodep->scopep();
 	if (!scopep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("No scope found on top level");
@@ -140,6 +142,7 @@ private:
     // NODE STATE
     // Cleared on top scope
     //  AstVarScope::user()	-> bool.  Set when the var has been used as clock
+    AstUser1InUse	m_inuser1;
 
     // STATE
     AstActive*	m_activep;		// Inside activate statement
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ private:
 
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstTopScope* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree
+	AstNode::user1ClearTree();	// user1p() used on entire tree
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	{
 	    // Make the new clock signals and replace any activate references
@@ -176,9 +179,9 @@ private:
 	if (!vscp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Scope not assigned");
 	if (m_activep) {
 	    UINFO(8,"  VarAct "<<nodep<<endl);
-	    vscp->user(true);
+	    vscp->user1(true);
 	}
-	if (m_assignp && nodep->lvalue() && vscp->user()) {
+	if (m_assignp && nodep->lvalue() && vscp->user1()) {
 	    // Variable was previously used as a clock, and is now being set
 	    // Thus a unordered generated clock...
 	    UINFO(8,"  VarSetAct "<<nodep<<endl);

src/V3GenClk.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Global.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3Graph.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -94,6 +94,26 @@ bool V3GraphVertex::outSize1() const {
     return !outEmpty() && outBeginp()->outNextp()==NULL;
 }
 
+uint32_t V3GraphVertex::inHash() const {
+    // We want the same hash ignoring the order of edges.
+    // So we need an associative operator, like XOR.
+    // However with XOR multiple edges to the same source will cancel out,
+    // so we use ADD.  (Generally call this only after removing duplicates though)
+    uint32_t hash=0;
+    for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = this->inBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->inNextp()) {
+	hash += cvtToHash(edgep->fromp());
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+uint32_t V3GraphVertex::outHash() const {
+    uint32_t hash=0;
+    for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = this->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+	hash += cvtToHash(edgep->top());
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, V3GraphVertex* vertexp) {
     os<<"  VERTEX="<<vertexp->name();
     if (vertexp->rank()) os<<" r"<<vertexp->rank();
@@ -176,8 +196,10 @@ void V3Graph::clear() {
 
 void V3Graph::userClearVertices() {
     // Clear user() in all of tree
-    // We may use the userCnt trick in V3Ast later... For now we don't call this often, and
-    // the extra code on each read of user() would probably slow things down more than help.
+    // We may use the userCnt trick in V3Ast later... (but gblCnt would be
+    // in V3Graph instead of static) For now we don't call this often, and
+    // the extra code on each read of user() would probably slow things
+    // down more than help.
     for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
 	vertexp->user(0);
 	vertexp->userp(NULL);	 // Its a union, but might be different size than user()
@@ -254,7 +276,7 @@ void V3Graph::dumpDotFile(const string& filename, bool colorAsSubgraph) {
     // Header
     *logp<<"digraph v3graph {\n";
     *logp<<"\trankdir="<<dotRankDir()<<"\n";
-    *logp<<"\tsize="<<"\"7.5,10\""<<"\n";
+    *logp<<"\t//size="<<"\"7.5,10\""<<"\n";
     *logp<<"\tnTITLE\t[fontsize=20 label=\""<<filename<<"\", shape=box, style=bold, color=black];\n";
     *logp<<"\n";
 

src/V3Graph.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 class V3Graph;
 class V3GraphVertex;
 class V3GraphEdge;
-class GraphOrder;
 class GraphAcycEdge;
 class OrderEitherVertex;
 class OrderLogicVertex;
@@ -70,9 +69,12 @@ public:
 
     // METHODS
     void clear();	// Empty it of all vertices/edges, as if making a new object
-
     void clearColors();
 
+    V3GraphVertex* verticesBeginp() const { return m_vertices.begin(); }
+
+    // METHODS - ALGORITHMS
+
     /// Assign same color to all vertices in the same weakly connected component
     /// Thus different color if there's no edges between the two subgraphs
     void weaklyConnected(V3EdgeFuncP edgeFuncp);
@@ -82,11 +84,22 @@ public:
     /// (I.E. all loops will occur within each color, not between them.)
     void stronglyConnected(V3EdgeFuncP edgeFuncp);
 
+    /// Assign same color to all destination vertices that have same
+    /// subgraph feeding into them
+    /// (I.E. all "from" nodes are common within each color)
+    /// See V3ClkGater if this is needed again; it got specialized
+
     /// Assign a ordering number to all vertexes in a tree.
     /// All nodes with no inputs will get rank 1
     void rank(V3EdgeFuncP edgeFuncp);
     void rank();
 
+    /// Sort all vertices and edges using the V3GraphVertex::sortCmp() function
+    void sortVertices();
+    /// Sort all edges and edges using the V3GraphEdge::sortCmp() function
+    void sortEdges();
+
+    /// Order all vertices by rank and fanout, lowest first
     /// Sort all vertices by rank and fanout, lowest first
     /// Sort all edges by weight, lowest first
     void order();
@@ -116,8 +129,7 @@ public:
     void userClearVertices();
     void userClearEdges();
     static void test();
-    //
-    V3GraphVertex* verticesBeginp() const { return m_vertices.begin(); }
+
     // CALLBACKS
     virtual void loopsMessageCb(V3GraphVertex* vertexp) { v3fatalSrc("Loops detected in graph: "<<vertexp); }
     virtual void loopsVertexCb(V3GraphVertex* vertexp);
@@ -129,7 +141,6 @@ class V3GraphVertex : public AstNUser {
     // Vertices may be a 'gate'/wire statement OR a variable
 protected:
     friend class V3Graph;    friend class V3GraphEdge;
-    friend class GraphOrderEdgeCmp; friend class GraphOrderVertexCmp;
     friend class GraphAcyc;  friend class GraphAlgRank;
     V3ListEnt<V3GraphVertex*>	m_vertices;// All vertices, linked list
     V3List<V3GraphEdge*> m_outs;	// Outbound edges,linked list
@@ -146,7 +157,8 @@ protected:
     // ACCESSORS
     void fanout(double fanout) { m_fanout = fanout; }
     void rank(uint32_t rank) { m_rank = rank; }
-    void outUnlink() { m_outs.reset(); }
+    void inUnlink() { m_ins.reset(); }	 // Low level; normally unlinkDelete is what you want
+    void outUnlink() { m_outs.reset(); } // Low level; normally unlinkDelete is what you want
 public:
     // CONSTRUCTION
     V3GraphVertex(V3Graph* graphp);
@@ -159,6 +171,14 @@ public:
     virtual string dotShape() const { return ""; }
     virtual string dotStyle() const { return ""; }
     virtual string dotName() const { return ""; }
+    virtual int sortCmp(const V3GraphVertex* rhsp) const {
+	// LHS goes first if of lower rank, or lower fanout
+	if (m_rank < rhsp->m_rank) return -1;
+	if (m_rank > rhsp->m_rank) return 1;
+	if (m_fanout < rhsp->m_fanout) return -1;
+	if (m_fanout > rhsp->m_fanout) return 1;
+	return 0;
+    }
     uint32_t	color() const { return m_color; }
     void	color(uint32_t color) { m_color = color; }
     uint32_t	rank() const { return m_rank; }
@@ -172,9 +192,11 @@ public:
     V3GraphEdge* inBeginp() const { return m_ins.begin(); }
     bool 	 inEmpty() const { return inBeginp()==NULL; }
     bool 	 inSize1() const;
+    uint32_t	 inHash() const;
     V3GraphEdge* outBeginp() const { return m_outs.begin(); }
     bool 	 outEmpty() const { return outBeginp()==NULL; }
     bool 	 outSize1() const;
+    uint32_t	 outHash() const;
     // METHODS
     void	rerouteEdges(V3Graph* graphp);	///< Edges are routed around this vertex to point from "from" directly to "to"
 };
@@ -187,7 +209,6 @@ class V3GraphEdge {
     // Wires/variables aren't edges.  Edges have only a single to/from vertex
 protected:
     friend class V3Graph;	friend class V3GraphVertex;
-    friend class GraphOrderEdgeCmp; friend class GraphOrderVertexCmp;
     friend class GraphAcyc;	friend class GraphAcycEdge;
     V3ListEnt<V3GraphEdge*> m_outs;	// Next Outbound edge for same vertex (linked list)
     V3ListEnt<V3GraphEdge*> m_ins;	// Next Inbound edge for same vertex (linked list)
@@ -216,6 +237,10 @@ public:
     virtual string dotLabel() const { return ""; }
     virtual string dotColor() const { return cutable()?"yellowGreen":"red"; }
     virtual string dotStyle() const { return cutable()?"dashed":""; }
+    virtual int sortCmp(const V3GraphEdge* rhsp) const {
+	if (!m_weight || !rhsp->m_weight) return 0;
+	return top()->sortCmp(rhsp->top());
+    }
     void	unlinkDelete();
     // ACCESSORS
     int		weight() const { return m_weight; }

src/V3GraphAcyc.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3GraphAlg.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -390,6 +390,57 @@ void V3Graph::makeEdgesNonCutable(V3EdgeFuncP edgeFuncp) {
     }
 }
 
+//######################################################################
+//######################################################################
+// Algorithms - sorting
+
+struct GraphSortVertexCmp {
+    inline bool operator () (const V3GraphVertex* lhsp, const V3GraphVertex* rhsp) const {
+	return lhsp->sortCmp(rhsp) < 0;
+    }
+};
+struct GraphSortEdgeCmp {
+    inline bool operator () (const V3GraphEdge* lhsp, const V3GraphEdge* rhsp) const {
+	return lhsp->sortCmp(rhsp) < 0;
+    }
+};
+
+void V3Graph::sortVertices() {
+    // Sort list of vertices by rank, then fanout
+    vector<V3GraphVertex*> vertices;
+    for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
+	vertices.push_back(vertexp);
+    }
+    std::sort(vertices.begin(), vertices.end(), GraphSortVertexCmp());
+    this->verticesUnlink();
+    for (vector<V3GraphVertex*>::iterator it = vertices.begin(); it!=vertices.end(); ++it) {
+	(*it)->verticesPushBack(this);
+    }
+}
+
+void V3Graph::sortEdges() {
+    // Sort edges by rank then fanout of node they point to
+    vector<V3GraphEdge*> edges;
+    for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
+	// Make a vector
+	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep = edgep->outNextp()) {
+	    edges.push_back(edgep);
+	}
+	// Sort
+	std::sort(edges.begin(), edges.end(), GraphSortEdgeCmp());
+
+	// Relink edges in specified order
+	// We know the vector contains all of the edges that were
+	// there originally (didn't delete or add)
+	vertexp->outUnlink();
+	for (vector<V3GraphEdge*>::const_iterator it = edges.begin(); it!=edges.end(); ++it) {
+	    (*it)->outPushBack();
+	}
+	// Prep for next
+	edges.clear();
+    }
+}
+
 //######################################################################
 //######################################################################
 // Algorithms - ordering
@@ -398,24 +449,6 @@ void V3Graph::makeEdgesNonCutable(V3EdgeFuncP edgeFuncp) {
 //	    Visit edges and assign ranks to keep minimal crossings
 //		(Results in better dcache packing.)
 
-struct GraphOrderVertexCmp {
-    inline bool operator () (const V3GraphVertex* lhsp, const V3GraphVertex* rhsp) const {
-	// LHS goes first if of lower rank, or lower fanout
-	if (lhsp->m_rank < rhsp->m_rank) return 1;
-	if (lhsp->m_rank > rhsp->m_rank) return 0;
-	return (lhsp->m_fanout < rhsp->m_fanout);
-    }
-};
-struct GraphOrderEdgeCmp {
-    inline bool operator () (const V3GraphEdge* lhsp, const V3GraphEdge* rhsp) const {
-	if (!lhsp->m_weight || !rhsp->m_weight) return 0;
-	GraphOrderVertexCmp cmp;
-	return (cmp(lhsp->m_top, rhsp->m_top));
-    }
-};
-
-//--------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 void V3Graph::order() {
     UINFO(2,"Order:\n");
 
@@ -430,36 +463,11 @@ void V3Graph::order() {
 	    orderDFSIterate(vertexp);
 	}
     }
-    // Speed up subsequent accesses.
-    { // Sort list of vertices by rank, then fanout
-	vector<V3GraphVertex*> vertices;
-	for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
-	    vertices.push_back(vertexp);
-	}
-	sort(vertices.begin(), vertices.end(), GraphOrderVertexCmp());
-	this->verticesUnlink();
-	for (vector<V3GraphVertex*>::iterator it = vertices.begin(); it!=vertices.end(); ++it) {
-	    (*it)->verticesPushBack(this);
-	}
-    }
 
+    // Sort list of vertices by rank, then fanout
+    sortVertices();
     // Sort edges by rank then fanout of node they point to
-    vector<V3GraphEdge*> edges;
-    for (V3GraphVertex* vertexp = verticesBeginp(); vertexp; vertexp=vertexp->verticesNextp()) {
-	// Make a vector
-	for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep = edgep->outNextp()) {
-	    edges.push_back(edgep);
-	}
-	// Sort
-	sort(edges.begin(), edges.end(), GraphOrderEdgeCmp());
-	// Extract
-	vertexp->outUnlink();
-	for (vector<V3GraphEdge*>::iterator it = edges.begin(); it!=edges.end(); ++it) {
-	    (*it)->outPushBack();
-	}
-	// Prep for next
-	edges.clear();
-    }
+    sortEdges();
 }
 
 double V3Graph::orderDFSIterate(V3GraphVertex* vertexp) {

src/V3GraphAlg.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2003-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2003-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //

src/V3GraphDfa.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 //
-// Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
+// Copyright 2005-2009 by Wilson Snyder.  This program is free software; you can
 // redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
 // General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
 //
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stack>
 #include <map>