Replace the 'run to fixed point' algorithm with a work list driven
approach. Instead of marking the graph as changed, we explicitly add
vertices to the work list, to be visited, when a vertex is changed. This
improves both memory locality (as the work list is processed in last in
first out order), and removed unnecessary visitations when only a few
nodes changes.
Folding an AstLogAnd with a non-zero constant operand used to coerce the
type of the other operand, yielding an ill-typed node that DFG was then
unhappy about. Add a RedOr instead if the width of the replacement
operand is greater than zero.
Fixes#3726
Apart from the representational changes below, this patch renames
AstNodeMath to AstNodeExpr, and AstCMath to AstCExpr.
Now every expression (i.e.: those AstNodes that represent a [possibly
void] value, with value being interpreted in a very general sense) has
AstNodeExpr as a super class. This necessitates the introduction of an
AstStmtExpr, which represents an expression in statement position, e.g :
'foo();' would be represented as AstStmtExpr(AstCCall(foo)). In exchange
we can get rid of isStatement() in AstNodeStmt, which now really always
represent a statement
Peak memory consumption and verilation speed are not measurably changed.
Partial step towards #3420
In V3Active, we try hard to turn `always @(a or b or c)` into an
`always_comb` if the only variables read in the block are also in the
sensitivity list. In addition, also allow this optimization when reading
variables that are not in the sensitivity list, but are known to be
constant/never changing after initialization. In particular lookup
tables introduced by V3Table are covered by this. This can have a
significant impact on designs that use the `always @(a or b or c)` style
for combinational logic.
The cost of an AstCMethodHard right now is generally unknown. However,
VlTriggerVec::at is used a lot in conditions, so we make an effort
to estimate this correctly via 2 changes:
- In general when an AstVarRef appears as the target of an
AstCMethodHard, we cost it as a simple address computation (an add)
- Check for VlTriggerVec::at explicitly when costing AstCMethodHard,
which is essentially a load.
This can have a significant effect when there are a lot of unique
triggers in the design.
In non-static contexts like class objects or stack frames, the use of
global trigger evaluation is not feasible. The concept of dynamic
triggers allows for trigger evaluation in such cases. These triggers are
simply local variables, and coroutines are themselves responsible for
evaluating them. They await the global dynamic trigger scheduler object,
which is responsible for resuming them during the trigger evaluation
step in the 'act' eval region. Once the trigger is set, they await the
dynamic trigger scheduler once again, and then get resumed during the
resumption step in the 'act' eval region.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Bieganski <kbieganski@antmicro.com>
This changeset brings support for accesses like:
class Cls#(type TYPE1);
TYPE1::some_method();
endclass
It is done by delaying dot resolution on type parameters until they get
resolved by V3Param, and doing a more thorough reference skip.
In DFG DfgVertex::width() is only defined for vertices representing
packed values, which DfgVertex::hash() used to violate. The only
non-packed values at the moment are DfgVarArray, which is a
DfgVertexVar, which are handled specially anyway, so this is easy to
fix.
Fixes#3682
In order to not leak signal names with --protect-ids, we simply make the
trigger dump function empty (this is a debug only construct).
Partial fix for #3689
The emitted SystemC types (e.g. sc_bv) are not interchangeable with
Verilator internal C++ types (e.g.: VlWide), so the variables themselves
are not interchangeable (but can be assigned to/from each other). We can
preserve correctness simply be not inlining any SystemC variables (i.e.:
don't simplify any 'sc = nonSc' or 'nonSc = sc' assignments). SystemC
types only appear at top level ports so this should have no significant
impact.
Fixes#3688
Prevents the possibility of assigning an integer to a class reference,
both at the SystemVerilog and the emitted C++ levels.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Bieganski <kbieganski@antmicro.com>
Vertices representing variables (DfgVertexVar) and constants (DfgConst)
are very common (40-50% of all vertices created in some large designs),
and we also need to, or can treat them specially in algorithms. Keep
these as separate lists in DfgGraph for direct access to them. This
improve verilation speed.
Cyclic components are now extracted separately, so there is no
functional reason to have to do a topological sort (previously we used it
to detect cyclic graphs). Removing it to gain some speed.
AstSel is a ternary node, but the 'widthp' is always constant and is
hence redundant, and 'lsbp' is very often constant. As AstSel is fairly
common, we special case as a DfgSel for the constant 'lsbp', and as
'DfgMux` for the non-constant 'lsbp'.
Added a DfgVertex::user() mechanism for storing data in vertices.
Similar in spirit to AstNode user data, but the generation counter is
stored in the DfgGraph the vertex is held under. Use this to cache
DfgVertex::hash results, and also speed up DfgVertex hashing in general.
Use these and additional improvements to speed up CSE.
`V3SchedTiming` currently assumes that if a fork still exists, it must
have statements within it (otherwise it would have been deleted by
`V3Timing`). However, in a case like this:
```
module t;
reg a;
initial fork a = 1; join
endmodule
```
the assignment in the fork is optimized out by `V3Dead` after
`V3Timing`. This leads to `V3SchedTiming` accessing fork's `stmtsp`
pointer, which at this point is null. This patch addresses that issue.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Bieganski <kbieganski@antmicro.com>
Allow constant folding through adjacent nodes of all associative
operations, for example '((a & 2) & 3)' or '(3 & (2 & a))' can now be
folded into '(a & 2)' and '(2 & a)' respectively. Also improve speed of
making associative expression trees right leaning by using rotation of
the existing vertices whenever instead of allocation of new nodes.
Only apply when there is guaranteed to be a subsequent constant folding
and elimination of some of the expression, otherwise this sometimes
interferes with the simplification of concatenations and harms overall
performance.
Before this change, a design verilated with `--timing` that does not
actually use timing features would be emitted with `eventsPending` and
`nextTimeSlot` declared in the top class. However, their definitions
would be missing, leading to linker errors during design compilation.
This patch makes Verilator always emit the definitions, which prevents
linker errors. Trying to use `nextTimeSlot` without delays in the design
will result in an error at runtime.
Also added a testing only -fno-const-before-dfg option, as otherwise
V3Const eats up a lot of the simple inputs. A lot of the things V3Const
swallows in the simple cases can make it to DFG in complex cases, or DFG
itself can create them during optimization. In any case to save
complexity of testing DFG constant folding, we use this option to turn
off V3Const prior to the DFG passes in the relevant test.
Some optimizations are only a net win if they help us remove a graph
node (or at least ensure they don't grow the graph), or yields otherwise
special logic, so try to apply them only in these cases.
Use the same style, and reuse the bulk of astgen to generate DfgVertex
related code. In particular allow for easier definition of custom
DfgVertex sub-types that do not directly correspond to an AstNode
sub-type. Also introduces specific names for the fixed arity vertices.
No functional change intended.
A lot of optimizations in DFG assume a DAG, but the more things are
representable, the more likely it is that a small cyclic sub-graph is
present in an otherwise very large graph that is mostly acyclic. In
order to avoid loosing optimization opportunities, we explicitly extract
the cyclic sub-graphs (which are the strongly connected components +
anything feeing them, up to variable boundaries) and treat them
separately. This enables optimization of the remaining input.
This change introduces a custom reference-counting pointer class that
allows creating such pointers from 'this'. This lets us keep the
receiver object around even if all references to it outside of a class
method no longer exist. Useful for coroutine methods, which may outlive
all external references to the object.
The deletion of objects is deferred until the next time slot. This is to
make clearing the triggered flag on named events in classes safe
(otherwise freed memory could be accessed).
Added DfgVertexVariadic to represent DFG vetices with a varying number
of source operands. Converted DfgVar to be a variadic vertex, with each
driver corresponding to a fixed range of bits in the packed variable.
This allows us to handle AstSel on the LHS of assignments. Also added
support for AstConcat on the LHS by selecting into the RHS as
appropriate.
This improves OpenTitan ST speed by ~13%
This is only a debugging aid at this point, so compile out of the
release build. This reduces peak memory consumption by 4-5%. We still
keep the global counters to detect the tree have changed, to avoid
unnecessary dumps.
Multiple tricks to reduce the size of class FileLine from 72 to 40
bytes:
- Reduce file name index from 32 to 16 bits. This still allows 64K
unique input files, which is hopefully enough.
- Intern message/warning enable bitset and use a 16-bit index, again
allowing 64K unique sets which is hopefully enough.
- Put the m_waive flag into the sign bit of one of the line numbers.
- Use explicit reference counting to avoid overhead of shared_ptr.
Added assertions to ensure interned data fits within it's index space.
This saves ~5-10% peak memory consumption at no measurable run-time cost
on various designs.
Added a new data-flow graph (DFG) based combinational logic optimizer.
The capabilities of this covers a combination of V3Const and V3Gate, but
is also more capable of transforming combinational logic into simplified
forms and more.
This entail adding a new internal representation, `DfgGraph`, and
appropriate `astToDfg` and `dfgToAst` conversion functions. The graph
represents some of the combinational equations (~continuous assignments)
in a module, and for the duration of the DFG passes, it takes over the
role of AstModule. A bulk of the Dfg vertices represent expressions.
These vertex classes, and the corresponding conversions to/from AST are
mostly auto-generated by astgen, together with a DfgVVisitor that can be
used for dynamic dispatch based on vertex (operation) types.
The resulting combinational logic graph (a `DfgGraph`) is then optimized
in various ways. Currently we perform common sub-expression elimination,
variable inlining, and some specific peephole optimizations, but there
is scope for more optimizations in the future using the same
representation. The optimizer is run directly before and after inlining.
The pre inline pass can operate on smaller graphs and hence converges
faster, but still has a chance of substantially reducing the size of the
logic on some designs, making inlining both faster and less memory
intensive. The post inline pass can then optimize across the inlined
module boundaries. No optimization is performed across a module
boundary.
For debugging purposes, each peephole optimization can be disabled
individually via the -fno-dfg-peepnole-<OPT> option, where <OPT> is one
of the optimizations listed in V3DfgPeephole.h, for example
-fno-dfg-peephole-remove-not-not.
The peephole patterns currently implemented were mostly picked based on
the design that inspired this work, and on that design the optimizations
yields ~30% single threaded speedup, and ~50% speedup on 4 threads. As
you can imagine not having to haul around redundant combinational
networks in the rest of the compilation pipeline also helps with memory
consumption, and up to 30% peak memory usage of Verilator was observed
on the same design.
Gains on other arbitrary designs are smaller (and can be improved by
analyzing those designs). For example OpenTitan gains between 1-15%
speedup depending on build type.
- Rename `--dump-treei` option to `--dumpi-tree`, which itself is now a
special case of `--dumpi-<tag>` where tag can be a magic word, or a
filename
- Control dumping via static `dump*()` functions, analogous to `debug()`
- Make dumping independent of the value of `debug()` (so dumping always
works even without the debug flag)
- Add separate `--dumpi-graph` for dumping V3Graphs, which is again a
special case of `--dumpi-<tag>`
- Alias `--dump-<tag>` to `--dumpi-<tag> 3` as before
Use astgen to generate a more thorough version of AstNode::checkTree,
which checks that operands are or consistent structure and type, as
described in the @astgen op directives. Also change checkTree to always
run when --debug-check is given.
Fix discovered fallout.
Introduce the @astgen directives parsed by astgen, currently used for
the generation child node (operand) accessors. Please see the updated
internal documentation for details.
Introduce the @astgen directives parsed by astgen, currently used for
the generation child node (operand) accessors. Please see the updated
internal documentation for details.
This approach reduced total time of V3Undriven stage from 34,2s to 2,5s
in design containing almost 400 000 unused variables.
Signed-off-by: Kamil Rakoczy <krakoczy@antmicro.com>
Generate type specific static overloads of Ast<Node>::addNext, which
return the correct sub-type of the 'this' they were invoked on.
Also remove AstNode::addNextNull, which is now only used in the parser,
implement in verilog.y directly as a template function.
- Move DType representations into V3AstNodeDType.h
- Move AstNodeMath and subclasses into V3AstNodeMath.h
- Move any other AstNode subtypes into V3AstNodeOther.h
- Fix up out-of-order definitions via inline methods and implementations
in V3Inlines.h and V3AstNodes.cpp
- Enforce declaration order of AstNode subtypes via astgen,
which will now fail when definitions are mis-ordered.
Rely less on strings and represent AstNode classes as a 'class Node',
with all associated properties kept together, rather than distributed
over multiple dictionaries or constructed at retrieval time.
No functional change intended.
Small fixup patch so the 'ico' and 'act' scheduling sections could be
ordered as multi-threaded. However, we still only order these single
threaded at the moment (but switching them to multi-threaded now works).
Before this change, some forked processes were being inlined in
`V3Timing` because they contained no `CAwait`s. This only works under
the assumption that no `CAwait`s will be added there later, which is not
true, as a function called by a forked process could be turned into a
coroutine later. The call would be wrapped in a new `CAwait`, but the
process itself would have already been inlined at this point.
This commit moves the inlining to `transformForks` in `V3SchedTiming`,
which is called at a point when all `CAwait`s are already in place.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Bieganski <kbieganski@antmicro.com>
The recent patch to defer substitutions on V3Gate crashes on circular
logic that has cycle length >= 3 with all inlineable signals (cycle
length 2 is detected correctly and is not inlined). Fix by stopping
recursion at the loop-back edge.
Fixes#3543
This is detritus from when V3TraceDecl used to run after V3Gate, today
V3TraceDecl runs before V3Gate and this value has no function at all.
No functional change intended.
dynamic_cast is not free. Replace obvious instances (where the result is
unconditionally dereferenced) with static_cast in contexts with
performance implications.
Replace std::set<SiblingMC> with V3Lists to keep track of SiblingMCs
associated with MTasks, use a std::set<LogicMTask*> for ensuring
uniqueness. This yields a bit more speed in PartContraction.
- Use modern C++
- Implement OrderLogicVertex->LogicMTask map with
OrderLogicVertex::userp(), insteas of std::unordered_map
- Simplify data structures
- Simplify code and assert properties
No functional change.
Refactor ProcessMoveBuildGraph utilizing the fact that OrderGraph is a
bipartite graph, also remove unnecessary unordered_map and distribute
variable domain map. No functional change.
Adds timing support to Verilator. It makes it possible to use delays,
event controls within processes (not just at the start), wait
statements, and forks.
Building a design with those constructs requires a compiler that
supports C++20 coroutines (GCC 10, Clang 5).
The basic idea is to have processes and tasks with delays/event controls
implemented as C++20 coroutines. This allows us to suspend and resume
them at any time.
There are five main runtime classes responsible for managing suspended
coroutines:
* `VlCoroutineHandle`, a wrapper over C++20's `std::coroutine_handle`
with move semantics and automatic cleanup.
* `VlDelayScheduler`, for coroutines suspended by delays. It resumes
them at a proper simulation time.
* `VlTriggerScheduler`, for coroutines suspended by event controls. It
resumes them if its corresponding trigger was set.
* `VlForkSync`, used for syncing `fork..join` and `fork..join_any`
blocks.
* `VlCoroutine`, the return type of all verilated coroutines. It allows
for suspending a stack of coroutines (normally, C++ coroutines are
stackless).
There is a new visitor in `V3Timing.cpp` which:
* scales delays according to the timescale,
* simplifies intra-assignment timing controls and net delays into
regular timing controls and assignments,
* simplifies wait statements into loops with event controls,
* marks processes and tasks with timing controls in them as
suspendable,
* creates delay, trigger scheduler, and fork sync variables,
* transforms timing controls and fork joins into C++ awaits
There are new functions in `V3SchedTiming.cpp` (used by `V3Sched.cpp`)
that integrate static scheduling with timing. This involves providing
external domains for variables, so that the necessary combinational
logic gets triggered after coroutine resumption, as well as statements
that need to be injected into the design eval function to perform this
resumption at the correct time.
There is also a function that transforms forked processes into separate
functions.
See the comments in `verilated_timing.h`, `verilated_timing.cpp`,
`V3Timing.cpp`, and `V3SchedTiming.cpp`, as well as the internals
documentation for more details.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Bieganski <kbieganski@antmicro.com>
Various optimizations to speed up MTasks coarsening (which is the long
pole in the multi-threaded scheduling of very large designs).
The biggest impact ones:
- Use efficient hand written Pairing Heaps for implementing priority
queues and the scoreboard, instead of the old SortByValueMap. This
helps us avoid having to sort a lot of merge candidates that we will
never actually consider and helps a lot in performance.
- Remove unnecessary associative containers and store data structures
(the heap nodes in particular) directly in the object they relate to.
This eliminates a huge amount of lookups and helps a lot in
performance.
- Distribute storage for SiblingMC instances into the LogicMTask
instances, and combine with the sibling maps. This again eliminates
hash table lookups and makes storage structures smaller.
- Remove some now bidirectional edge maps, keep only the forward map.
There are also some other smaller optimizations:
- Replaced more unnecessary dynamic_casts with static_casts
- Templated some functions/classes to reduce the number of static
branches in loops.
- Improves sorting of edges for sibling candidate creation
- Various micro-optimizations here and there
This speeds up MTask coarsening by 3.8x on a large design, which
translates to a 2.5x speedup of the ordering pass in multi-threaded
mode. (Combined with the earlier optimizations, ordering is now 3x
faster.)
Due to the elimination of a lot of the auxiliary data structures, and
ensuring a minimal size for the necessary ones, memory consumption of
the MTask coarsening is also reduced (measured up to 4.4x reduction
though the accuracy of this is low).
The algorithm is identical except for minor alterations of the order
some candidates are added or removed, this can cause perturbation in the
output due to tied scores being broken based on IDs.
Ryszard Rozak
Geza Lore
Wilson Snyder
Kamil Rakoczy
Krzysztof Bieganski
Jiuyang Liu
HungMingWu
Arkadiusz Kozdra
github action
Topa Topino
Marcel Chang
Kanad Kanhere
Mariusz Glebocki
Yu-Sheng Lin
Gustav Svensk
Aleksander Kiryk
Varun Koyyalagunta