Version bump

Allow arbitrary characters in symbols (to make '-' work.)
Final merge from negative_lsb branch.

Changes

@@ -3,6 +3,69 @@ Revision history for Verilator
 The contributors that suggested a given feature are shown in [].  [by ...]
 indicates the contributor was also the author of the fix; Thanks!
 
+* Verilator 3.680 2008/10/08
+
+**   Support negative bit indexes. [Stephane Laurent]
+     Tracing negative indexes requires latest Verilog-Perl and SystemPerl.
+
+***  Suppress width warnings between constant strings and wider vectors.
+     [Rodney Sinclair]
+
+**** Expand environment variables in -f input files.  [Lawrence Butcher]
+
+**** Report error if port declaration is missing; bug32. [Guy-Armand Kamendje]
+
+**** Fix genvars causing link error when using --public.  [Chris Candler]
+
+* Verilator 3.671 2008/09/19
+
+**   SystemC uint64_t pins are now the default instead of sc_bv<64>.
+     Use --no-pins64 for backward compatibility.
+
+***  Support SystemVerilog "cover property" statements.
+
+***  When warnings are disabled on signals that are flattened out, disable
+     the warnings on the signal(s) that replace it.
+
+***  Add by-design and by-module subtotals to verilator_profcfunc.
+
+***  Fix extra evaluation of pure combo blocks in SystemC output.
+
+**** Add IMPERFECTSCH warning, disabled by default.
+
+**** Support coverage under SystemPerl 1.285 and newer.
+
+**** Fix stack overflow on large ? : trees. [John Sanguinetti]
+
+**** Support arbitrary characters in identifiers. [Stephane Laurent]
+
+* Verilator 3.670 2008/07/23
+
+**   Add --x-assign=fast option, and make it the default.
+     This chooses performance over reset debugging.  See the manual.
+
+**   Add --autoflush, for flushing streams after $display.  [Steve Tong]
+
+**   Add CASEWITHX lint warning and if disabled fix handling of casez with Xs.
+
+***  Add $feof, $fgetc, $fgets, $fflush, $fscanf, $sscanf. [Holger Waechtler]
+
+***  Add $stime. [Holger Waechtler]
+
+***  Add $random.
+
+***  Add --Wfuture-, for improving forward compatibility.
+
+**** Fix verilator_includer not being installed properly.  [Holger Waechtler]
+
+**** Fix IMPURE errors due to X-assignment temporary variables. [Steve Tong]
+
+**** Fix "lvalue" errors with public functions; bug25.  [CY Wang]
+
+**** Add WIDTH warning to $fopen etc file descriptors.
+
+**** Internal changes to how $displays get compiled and executed.
+
 * Verilator 3.665 2008/06/25
 
 **** Ignore "// verilator" comments alone on endif lines.  [Rodney Sinclair]
@@ -17,7 +80,7 @@ indicates the contributor was also the author of the fix; Thanks!
 
 **** Fix compile errors under Fedora 9, GCC 4.3.0.  [by Jeremy Bennett]
 
-**** Fix Makefile to find headers/libraries under prefix. [by Holger_Waechtler]
+**** Fix Makefile to find headers/libraries under prefix. [by Holger Waechtler]
 
 * Verilator 3.664 2008/05/08
 

MANIFEST.SKIP

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 /obj_dir/
 /obj_dbg/
 /obj_opt/
+/INCA_libs/
+/cov_work/
 /logs/
 Makefile
 src/Makefile_obj

Makefile.in

@@ -110,13 +110,14 @@ DISTFILES_INC = $(INFOS) .gitignore COPYING *.in *.ac \
 	include/*.in \
 	include/.*ignore \
 	.*attributes */.*attributes  */*/.*attributes \
-	src/.*ignore src/*.in src/*.cpp src/*.[chly] src/astgen src/*fix \
+	src/.*ignore src/*.in src/*.cpp src/*.[chly] src/astgen src/bisonpre src/*fix \
 	src/*.pl \
 	test_*/.*ignore test_*/Makefile* test_*/*.cpp \
 	test_*/*.pl test_*/*.v test_*/*.vc test_*/vlint \
 	test_verilated/vgen*.pl \
 	test_regress/t/*.cpp \
 	test_regress/t/*.h \
+	test_regress/t/*.dat \
 	test_regress/t/*.mem \
 	test_regress/t/*.out \
 	test_regress/t/*.pl \
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ DISTFILES_INC = $(INFOS) .gitignore COPYING *.in *.ac \
 INST_PROJ_FILES = \
 	bin/verilator \
 	bin/verilator_includer \
+	bin/verilator_profcfunc \
 	include/verilated.[chv]* \
 	include/verilated.mk \
 	include/verilatedos.[chv]* \
@@ -136,8 +138,10 @@ INST_PROJ_BIN_FILES = \
 
 DISTFILES := $(DISTFILES_INC)
 
+VL_INST_MAN_FILES = verilator.1
+
 all: all_nomsg msg_test
-all_nomsg: verilator_exe
+all_nomsg: verilator_exe $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES)
 
 .PHONY:verilator_exe
 verilator_exe verilator_bin verilator_bin_dbg:
@@ -221,6 +225,8 @@ README: readme.texi
 # See uninstall also
 VL_INST_BIN_FILES = verilator verilator_bin verilator_bin_dbg \
 	verilator_includer verilator_profcfunc
+# Some scripts go into both the search path and pkgdatadir,
+# so they can be found by the user, and under $VERILATOR_ROOT.
 installbin:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)
 	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator )
@@ -228,8 +234,9 @@ installbin:
 	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_profcfunc $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_profcfunc )
 	( $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_bin $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_bin )
 	( $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_bin_dbg $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/verilator_bin_dbg )
+	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin
+	( cd bin ; $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) verilator_includer $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/bin/verilator_includer )
 
-VL_INST_MAN_FILES = verilator.1
 installman:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	for p in $(VL_INST_MAN_FILES) ; do \
@@ -239,7 +246,6 @@ installman:
 installdata:
 	$(SHELL) ${srcdir}/mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r include $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)
-	cp -r src     $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)
 	cp -r test_c  $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r test_sc $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples
 	cp -r test_sp $(DESTDIR)$(pkgdatadir)/examples

bin/verilator

@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ sub verilator_bin {
     my $bin = "";
     # Use VERILATOR_ROOT if defined, else assume verilator_bin is in the search path
     $bin .= $ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT}."/" if defined($ENV{VERILATOR_ROOT});
-    $bin .= ($ENV{VERILATOR_BIN}||"verilator_bin");
-    if ($Debug) { $bin = "${bin}_dbg"; }
+    $bin .= ($ENV{VERILATOR_BIN}
+	     || ($Debug ? "verilator_bin_dbg" : "verilator_bin"));
     return $bin;
 }
 
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     {file.c/cc/cpp}             Optional C++ files to link in
 
     --assert                    Enable all assertions
+    --autoflush                 Flush streams after all $displays
     --bin <filename>            Override Verilator binary
     --cc                        Create C++ output
     --compiler <compiler-name>  Tune for specified C++ compiler
@@ -201,13 +202,13 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     --MP                        Create phony dependency targets
     --Mdir <directory>          Name of output object directory
     --mod-prefix <topname>      Name to prepend to lower classes
+    --no-pins64                 Don't use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --no-skip-identical         Disable skipping identical output
     -O0                         Disable optimizations
     -O3                         High performance optimizations
     -O<optimization-letter>     Selectable optimizations
     --output-split <bytes>      Split .cpp files into pieces
     --output-split-cfuncs <statements>   Split .ccp functions
-    --pins64                    Use uint64_t's for 33-64 bit sigs
     --prefix <topname>          Name of top level class
     --profile-cfuncs            Name functions for profiling
     --private                   Debugging; see docs
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ descriptions in the next sections for more information.
     --underline-zero            Zero signals with leading _'s
     -v <filename>               Verilog library
     -Werror-<message>           Convert warning to error
+    -Wfuture-<message>          Disable unknown message warnings
     -Wno-<message>              Disable warning
     -x-assign <mode>            Initially assign Xs to this value
     -y <dir>                    Directory to search for modules
@@ -252,6 +254,14 @@ linking with make rules you write yourself.
 Enable all assertions, includes enabling the --psl flag.  (If psl is not
 desired, but other assertions are, use --assert --nopsl.)
 
+See also --x-assign; setting "--x-assign unique" may be desirable.
+
+=item --autoflush
+
+After every $display or $fdisplay, flush the output stream.  This insures
+that messages will appear immediately but may reduce performance.  Defaults
+off, which will buffer output as provided by the normal C stdio calls.
+
 =item --bin I<filename>
 
 Rarely needed.  Override the default filename for Verilator itself.  When a
@@ -286,7 +296,7 @@ functions to avoid error C1061.
 
 =item --coverage
 
-Enables all forms of coverage, alias for --coverage-line, --coverage-user
+Enables all forms of coverage, alias for --coverage-line, --coverage-user.
 
 =item --coverage-line
 
@@ -298,10 +308,6 @@ Coverage.  At each such branch a unique counter is incremented.  At the end
 of a test, the counters along with the filename and line number
 corresponding to each counter are written into logs/coverage.pl.
 
-After running multiple tests, the vcoverage utility (from the SystemPerl
-package) is executed.  Vcoverage reads the logs/coverage.pl file(s), and
-creates an annotated source code listing showing code coverage details.
-
 Verilator automatically disables coverage of branches that have a $stop in
 them, as it is assumed $stop branches contain an error check that should
 not occur.  A /*verilator coverage_block_off*/ comment will perform a
@@ -311,10 +317,6 @@ Note Verilator may over-count combinatorial (non-clocked) blocks when those
 blocks receive signals which have had the UNOPTFLAT warning disabled; for
 most accurate results do not disable this warning when using coverage.
 
-For an example, after running 'make test' in the Verilator distribution,
-see the test_sp/logs/coverage_source directory.  Grep for lines starting
-with '%' to see what lines Verilator believes need more coverage.
-
 =item --coverage-user
 
 Enables user inserted functional coverage.  Currently, all functional
@@ -411,6 +413,12 @@ be placed in this directory.  If not specified, "obj_dir" is used.
 Specifies the name to prepend to all lower level classes.  Defaults to
 the same as --prefix.
 
+=item --no-pins64
+
+Specifies SystemC outputs of 33-64 bits wide should use sc_bv's instead of
+uint64_t's.  Uint64's are faster, but sc_bvs were the default until
+Verilator 3.671.
+
 =item --no-skip-identical
 
 Rarely needed.  Disables skipping execution of Verilator if all source
@@ -452,11 +460,6 @@ operations, a new function will be created.  With --output-split, this will
 enable GCC to compile faster, at a small loss in performance that increases
 with smaller statement values.
 
-=item --pins64
-
-Specifies SystemC outputs of 33-64 bits wide should use uint64_t instead of
-the backward-compatible default of sc_bv's.
-
 =item --prefix I<topname>
 
 Specifies the name of the top level class and makefile.  Defaults to V
@@ -547,6 +550,14 @@ Convert the specified warning message into a error message.  This is
 generally to discourage users from violating important site-wide rules, for
 example C<-Werror-NOUNOPTFLAT>.
 
+=item -Wfuture-I<message>
+
+Suppress unknown Verilator comments or warning messages with the given
+message code.  This is used to allow code written with pragmas for a later
+version of Verilator to run under a older version; add -Wfuture- arguments
+for each message code or comment that the new version supports which the
+older version does not support.
+
 =item -Wno-I<message>
 
 Disable the specified warning message.
@@ -554,26 +565,34 @@ Disable the specified warning message.
 =item -Wno-lint
 
 Disable all lint related warning messages.  This is equivelent to
-"-Wno-CASEINCOMPLETE -Wno-CASEOVERLAP -Wno-CASEX -Wno-CMPCONST
--Wno-IMPLICIT -Wno-UNDRIVEN -Wno-UNSIGNED -Wno-UNUSED -Wno-VARHIDDEN
--Wno-WIDTH".
+"-Wno-CASEINCOMPLETE -Wno-CASEOVERLAP -Wno-CASEX -Wno-CASEWITHX
+-Wno-CMPCONST -Wno-IMPLICIT -Wno-UNDRIVEN -Wno-UNSIGNED -Wno-UNUSED
+-Wno-VARHIDDEN -Wno-WIDTH".
 
 It is strongly recommended you cleanup your code rather than using this
 option, it is only intended to be use when running test-cases of code
 received from third parties.
 
+=item -Wwarn-I<message>
+
+Enables the specified warning message.
+
 =item -x-assign 0
 
 =item -x-assign 1
 
-=item -x-assign unique  (default)
+=item -x-assign fast (default)
+
+=item -x-assign unique
 
 Controls the two-state value that is replaced when an assignment to X is
-encountered.  -x-assign=0 converts all Xs to 0s, this is the fastest.
--x-assign=1 converts all Xs to 1s, this is nearly as fast, but more likely
-to find reset bugs as active high logic will fire.  The default,
--x-assign=func will call a function to determine the value, this allows
-randomization of all Xs and is the slowest, but safest.
+encountered.  -x-assign=fast, the default, converts all Xs to whatever is
+best for performance.  -x-assign=0 converts all Xs to 0s, and is also fast.
+-x-assign=1 converts all Xs to 1s, this is nearly as fast as 0, but more
+likely to find reset bugs as active high logic will fire.  -x-assign=unique
+will call a function to determine the value, this allows randomization of
+all Xs to find reset bugs and is the slowest, but safest for finding reset
+bugs in code.
 
 =back
 
@@ -747,10 +766,10 @@ the test_sp directory in the distribution for an example.
 
 =head1 BENCHMARKING & OPTIMIZATION
 
-For best performance, run Verilator with the "-O3 -x-assign=0 --noassert"
-flags.  The -O3 flag will require longer compile times, and -x-assign=0 may
-increase the risk of reset bugs in trade for performance; see the above
-documentation for these flags.
+For best performance, run Verilator with the "-O3 -x-assign=fast
+--noassert" flags.  The -O3 flag will require longer compile times, and
+-x-assign=fast may increase the risk of reset bugs in trade for
+performance; see the above documentation for these flags.
 
 Minor Verilog code changes can also give big wins.  You should not have any
 UNOPTFLAT warnings from Verilator.  Fixing these warnings can result in
@@ -955,11 +974,10 @@ Verilator will convert the top level module to a SC_MODULE.  This module
 will plug directly into a SystemC netlist.
 
 The SC_MODULE gets the same pinout as the Verilog module, with the
-following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool, unless they
-are marked with `systemc_clock, in which case they become sc_clock's (for
-SystemC 1.2, not needed in SystemC 2.0).  Pins 2-32 bits wide become
-uint32_t's.  Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or uint64_t's depending on
-the -pins64 switch.  Wider pins become sc_bv's.
+following type conversions: Pins of a single bit become bool.  Pins 2-32
+bits wide become uint32_t's.  Pins 33-64 bits wide become sc_bv's or
+uint64_t's depending on the --no-pins64 switch.  Wider pins become sc_bv's.
+(Uints simulate the fastest so are used where possible.)
 
 Lower modules are not pure SystemC code.  This is a feature, as using the
 SystemC pin interconnect scheme everywhere would reduce performance by an
@@ -1024,7 +1042,8 @@ always_ff, always_latch, do-while, and final.
 
 It also supports .name and .* interconnection.
 
-Verilator partially supports assert.
+Verilator partially supports concurrent assert and cover statements; see
+the enclosed coverage tests for the syntax which is allowed.
 
 =head1 SUGAR/PSL SUPPORT
 
@@ -1298,10 +1317,9 @@ Wide variables over 64 bits cannot be function returns, to avoid exposing
 complexities.  However, wide variables can be input/outputs; they will be
 passed as references to an array of 32 bit numbers.
 
-This feature is still somewhat experimental.  Generally, only the values of
-stored state (flops) should be written, as the model will NOT notice
-changes made to variables in these functions.  (Same as when a signal is
-declared public.)
+Generally, only the values of stored state (flops) should be written, as
+the model will NOT notice changes made to variables in these functions.
+(Same as when a signal is declared public.)
 
 =item /*verilator public_flat*/ (variable)
 
@@ -1322,7 +1340,9 @@ using the --public switch.
 =item /*verilator sc_clock*/
 
 Used after a input declaration to indicate the signal should be declared in
-SystemC as a sc_clock instead of a bool.
+SystemC as a sc_clock instead of a bool.  This was needed in SystemC 1.1
+and 1.2 only; versions 2.0 and later do not require clock pins to be
+sc_clocks and this is no longer needed.
 
 =item /*verilator tracing_off*/
 
@@ -1535,8 +1555,8 @@ Verilator does not perform warning checking on uwires, it treats the uwire
 keyword as if it were the normal wire keyword.
 
 =item $bits, $countones, $error, $fatal, $finish, $info, $isunknown,
-$onehot, $onehot0, $readmemb, $readmemh, $signed, $stop, $time, $unsigned,
-$warning.
+$onehot, $onehot0, $readmemb, $readmemh, $signed, $stime, $stop, $time,
+$unsigned, $warning.
 
 Generally supported.
 
@@ -1554,7 +1574,7 @@ them with a $write with the appropriate format specifier.
 
 The rarely used optional parameter to $finish and $stop is ignored.
 
-=item $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $fwrite
+=item $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $feof, $fflush, $fgetc, $fgets, $fscanf, $fwrite
 
 File descriptors passed to the file PLI calls must be file descriptors, not
 MCDs, which includes the mode parameter to $fopen being mandatory.
@@ -1564,11 +1584,22 @@ are 32 bits while FILE*s may be 64 bits, the descriptor must be stored in a
 reg [63:0] rather than an integer.  The define `verilator_file_descriptor in
 verilated.v can be used to hide this difference.
 
+=item $fscanf, $sscanf
+
+Only integer formats are supported; %e, %f, %m, %r, %v, and %z are not
+supported.
+
 =item $fullskew, $hold, $nochange, $period, $recovery, $recrem, $removal,
 $setup, $setuphold, $skew, $timeskew, $width
 
 All specify blocks and timing checks are ignored.
 
+=item $random
+
+$random does not support the optional argument to set the seed.  Use the
+srand function in C to accomplish this, and note there is only one random
+number generator (not one per module).
+
 =item $readmemb, $readmemh
 
 Read memory commands should work properly.  Note Verilator and the Verilog
@@ -1653,6 +1684,16 @@ L<http://www.sunburst-design.com/papers/CummingsSNUG1999Boston_FullParallelCase_
 Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check, it will simulate
 correctly.
 
+=item CASEWITHX
+
+Warns that a case statement contains a constant with a C<x>.  Verilator is
+two-state so interpret such items as always false.  Note a common error is
+to use a C<X> in a case or casez statement item; often what the user
+instead insteaded is to use a casez with C<?>.
+
+Ignoring this warning will only suppress the lint check, it will simulate
+correctly.
+
 =item CMPCONST
 
 Warns that you are comparing a value in a way that will always be constant.
@@ -1686,6 +1727,13 @@ additional ones.)
 Ignoring this warning may make Verilator simulations differ from other
 simulators.
 
+=item IMPERFECTSCH
+
+Warns that the scheduling of the model is not absolutely perfect, and some
+manual code edits may result in faster performance.  This warning defaults
+to off, and must be turned on explicitly before the top module statement is
+processed.
+
 =item IMPLICIT
 
 Warns that a wire is being implicitly declared (it is a single bit wide
@@ -2049,6 +2097,24 @@ Verilator makes standard VCD (Value Change Dump) files.  They are viewable
 with the public domain Dinotrace or GtkWave programs, or any of the many
 commercial offerings.
 
+=item How do I do coverage analysis?
+
+Verilator supports both block (line) coverage and user inserted functional
+coverage.  First, run verilator with the --coverage option.  If you're
+using your own makefile, compile the model with the GCC flag
+-DSP_COVERAGE_ENABLE (if using Verilator's, it will do this for you.)
+
+Run your tests in different directories.  Each test will create a
+logs/coverage.pl file.
+
+After running all of your tests, the vcoverage utility (from the SystemPerl
+package) is executed.  Vcoverage reads the logs/coverage.pl file(s), and
+creates an annotated source code listing showing code coverage details.
+
+For an example, after running 'make test' in the Verilator distribution,
+see the test_sp/logs/coverage_source directory.  Grep for lines starting
+with '%' to see what lines Verilator believes need more coverage.
+
 =item Where is the translate_off command?  (How do I ignore a construct?)
 
 Translate on/off pragmas are generally a bad idea, as it's easy to have
@@ -2129,11 +2195,49 @@ uses one large symbol table, as that results in 2-3 less assembly
 instructions for each signal access.  This makes the execution time 10-15%
 faster, but can result in more compilations when something changes.
 
+=item How do I access functions/tasks in C?
+
+Write a Verilog function or task with input/outputs that match what you
+want to call in with C.  Then mark that function public.
+
+Verilog inputs of one bit become C++ bool inputs.  Inputs 32 bits or
+smaller become C uint32_t inputs, 64-32 bits become C uint64_t inputs, and
+wider signals become arrays of 32 bits.  Outputs are passed as references
+to bool, uint32_t, uint64_t or uint32_t[] arrays.
+
+Signals wider than 64 bits are passed as an array of 32-bit uint32_t's.
+Thus to read bits 31:0, access signal[0], and for bits 63:32, access
+signal[1].  Unused bits (for example bit numbers 65-96 of a 65 bit vector)
+will always be zero.  if you change the value you must make sure to pack
+zeros in the unused bits or core-dumps may result.  (Because Verilator
+strips array bound checks where it believes them to be unnecessary.)
+
+In the SYSTEMC example above, if you had in our.v:
+
+   task publicSetBool;
+      // verilator public
+      input in_bool;
+      var_bool = in_bool;
+   endtask
+
+From the sc_main.cpp file, you'd then:
+
+    #include "Vour.h"
+    #include "Vour_our.h"
+    top->v->publicSetBool(value);
+
+See additional notes under the /*verilator public*/ section.
+
 =item How do I access signals in C?
 
-First, declare the signals you will be accessing with a /*verilator
-public*/ comment before the closing semicolon.  Then scope into the C++
-class to read the value of the signal, as you would any other member variable.
+The best thing is to make a Verilator public task or function accessor that
+can read or write that signal, as described in the previous FAQ.  This will
+allow Verilator to better optimize the model.
+
+If you really want raw access to the signals, declare the signals you will
+be accessing with a /*verilator public*/ comment before the closing
+semicolon.  Then scope into the C++ class to read the value of the signal,
+as you would any other member variable.
 
 Signals are the smallest of 8 bit chars, 16 bit shorts, 32 bit longs, or 64
 bit long longs that fits the width of the signal.  Generally, you can use
@@ -2155,7 +2259,7 @@ From the sc_main.cpp file, you'd then:
 
     #include "Vour.h"
     #include "Vour_our.h"
-    cout << "clock is " << top->v.clk << endl;
+    cout << "clock is " << top->v->clk << endl;
 
 In this example, clk is a bool you can read or set as any other variable.
 The value of normal signals may be set, though clocks shouldn't be changed

bin/verilator_profcfunc

@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 : # -*-Mode: perl;-*- use perl, wherever it is
 eval 'exec perl -wS $0 ${1+"$@"}'
   if 0;
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;
@@ -20,6 +9,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use IO::File;
 use Pod::Usage;
+eval { use Data::Dumper;  $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1; }; # Debug, ok if missing
 use strict;
 use vars qw ($Debug);
 
@@ -76,7 +66,8 @@ sub profcfunc {
     my %funcs;
 
     while (defined (my $line=$fh->getline())) {
-	if ($line =~ /^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+([0-9.]+)\s+.*\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
+	#                  %time      cumesec   selfsec     calls     {stuff}   name
+	if ($line =~ /^\s*([0-9.]+)\s+[0-9.]+\s+([0-9.]+)\s+([0-9.]+)\s+[^a-zA-Z_]*([a-zA-Z_].*)$/) {
 	    my $pct=$1; my $sec=$2; my $calls=$3; my $func=$4;
 	    $funcs{$func}{pct} += $pct;
 	    $funcs{$func}{sec} += $sec;
@@ -86,47 +77,75 @@ sub profcfunc {
     $fh->close;
 
     # Find modules
+    my %pointer_mods;
     my %verilated_mods;
     foreach my $func (keys %funcs) {
-	if ($func =~ /(.*)::_eval\(.*__Syms.*\)$/) {
+	if ($func =~ /(.*)::_eval\(([a-zA-Z_0-9]+__Syms).*\)$/) {
 	    $verilated_mods{$1} = qr/^$1/;
+	    $pointer_mods{$2} = $1;
 	}
     }
+    #print Dumper(\%pointer_mods, \%verilated_mods);
 
     # Resort by Verilog name
     my %vfuncs;
     my %groups;
     foreach my $func (keys %funcs) {
+	my $pct = $funcs{$func}{pct};
 	my $vfunc = $func;
 	my $design;
+
+	if ($func =~ /\(([a-zA-Z_0-9]+__Syms)/) {
+	    $design = $pointer_mods{$1};
+	}
+
 	foreach my $vde (keys %verilated_mods) {
+	    last if $design;
 	    if ($func =~ /$verilated_mods{$vde}/) {
 		$design=$vde;
 		last;
 	    }
 	}
+
 	if ($vfunc =~ /__PROF__([a-zA-Z_0-9]+)__([0-9]+)\(/) {
 	    $vfunc     = sprintf("VBlock    %s:%d", $1, $2);
-	    $groups{"Verilog Blocks under $design"} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+	    $groups{type}{"Verilog Blocks under $design"} += $pct;
+	    $groups{design}{$design} += $pct;
+	    $groups{module}{$1} += $pct;
 	} else {
 	    if ($design) {
 		$vfunc = sprintf("VCommon   %s", $func);
-		$groups{"Common code under $design"} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+		$groups{type}{"Common code under $design"} += $pct;
+		$groups{design}{$design} += $pct;
+		$groups{module}{$design." common code"} += $pct;
 	    } else {
 		$vfunc = sprintf("C++       %s", $func);
-		$groups{'C++'} += $funcs{$func}{pct};
+		$groups{type}{'C++'} += $pct;
+		$groups{design}{'C++'} += $pct;
+		$groups{module}{'C++'} += $pct;
 	    }
 	}
 	$vfuncs{$vfunc} = $funcs{$func};
     }
 
-    print("Overall summary:\n");
-    print("  % time\n");
-    foreach (sort (keys %groups)) {
-	printf("  %6.2f  In all %s\n", $groups{$_}, $_);
+
+    foreach my $type qw(type design module) {
+	my $missing = 100;
+	foreach (sort (keys %{$groups{$type}})) {
+	    $missing -= $groups{$type}{$_};
+	}
+	if ($missing) {
+	    $groups{$type}{"\377Unaccounted for/rounding error"} = $missing;
+	}
+
+	print("Overall summary by $type:\n");
+	printf("  %-6s  %s\n","% time",$type);
+	foreach my $what (sort (keys %{$groups{$type}})) {
+	    (my $pwhat = $what) =~ s/^\377//;  # Just used to establish sort order
+	    printf("  %6.2f  %s\n", $groups{$type}{$what}, $pwhat);
 	}
 	print("\n");
-
+    }
 
     print("Verilog code profile:\n");
     print("   These are split into three categories:\n");

include/verilated.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 //=========================================================================
 
 #include "verilated.h"
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
+#include <cctype>
 
 #define VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH 1024	///< Max static char array for VL_VALUE_STRING
 
@@ -80,23 +79,43 @@ IData VL_RAND32() {
 #endif
 }
 
-IData VL_RAND_RESET_I(int outBits) {
+IData VL_RANDOM_I(int obits) {
+    return VL_RAND32() & VL_MASK_I(obits);
+}
+
+QData VL_RANDOM_Q(int obits) {
+    QData data = ((QData)VL_RAND32()<<VL_ULL(32)) | (QData)VL_RAND32();
+    return data & VL_MASK_Q(obits);
+}
+
+WDataOutP VL_RANDOM_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp) {
+    for (int i=0; i<VL_WORDS_I(obits); i++) {
+	if (i<(VL_WORDS_I(obits)-1)) {
+	    outwp[i] = VL_RAND32();
+	} else {
+	    outwp[i] = VL_RAND32() & VL_MASK_I(obits);
+	}
+    }
+    return outwp;
+}
+
+IData VL_RAND_RESET_I(int obits) {
     if (Verilated::randReset()==0) return 0;
     IData data = ~0;
     if (Verilated::randReset()!=1) {	// if 2, randomize
-	data = VL_RAND32();
+	data = VL_RANDOM_I(obits);
     }
-    if (outBits<32) data &= VL_MASK_I(outBits);
+    if (obits<32) data &= VL_MASK_I(obits);
     return data;
 }
 
-QData VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int outBits) {
+QData VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int obits) {
     if (Verilated::randReset()==0) return 0;
     QData data = VL_ULL(~0);
     if (Verilated::randReset()!=1) {	// if 2, randomize
-	data = ((QData)VL_RAND32()<<VL_ULL(32)) | (QData)VL_RAND32();
+	data = VL_RANDOM_Q(obits);
     }
-    if (outBits<64) data &= VL_MASK_Q(outBits);
+    if (obits<64) data &= VL_MASK_Q(obits);
     return data;
 }
 
@@ -119,94 +138,368 @@ WDataOutP VL_ZERO_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp) {
 //===========================================================================
 // Formatting
 
-const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, QData ld) {
-    // Convert value into %b/%o/%x/%s/%u/%d formatted string
-    // Note uses a single buffer; presumes only one call per printf
-    static VL_THREAD char str[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
-    char* strp = &str[0];
-    int lsb=obits-1;
-    if (drop0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_Q(ld,lsb)) lsb--;
-    switch (fmt) {
-    case 'd':
-	sprintf(str,"%lld",(vlsint64_t)(VL_EXTENDS_QQ(obits,obits,ld)));
-	return str;
-    case 'u':
-	sprintf(str,"%llu",ld);
-	return str;
-    case 's':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 0xff;
-	    *strp++ = (charval==0)?' ':charval;
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'b':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    *strp++ = ((ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    case 'o':
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 3) * 3; // Next digit
-	    *strp++ = ((ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 7) + '0';
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    default:
-	for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    lsb = (lsb / 4) * 4; // Next digit
-	    IData charval = (ld>>VL_BITBIT_Q(lsb)) & 0xf;
-	    *strp++ = (charval + ((charval < 10) ? '0':('a'-10)));
-	}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    }
-    *strp++ = '\0';
-    return str;
-}
+// Do a va_arg returning a quad, assuming input argument is anything less than wide
+#define _VL_VA_ARG_Q(ap, bits) (((bits) <= VL_WORDSIZE) ? va_arg(ap,IData) : va_arg(ap,QData))
 
-const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_W(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, WDataInP lwp) {
-    // Convert value into %b/%o/%x/%s/%u/%d formatted string
-    // Note uses a single buffer; presumes only one call per printf
-    static VL_THREAD char str[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
-    char* strp = &str[0];
-    int lsb=obits-1;
-    if (drop0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_W(lwp,lsb)) lsb--;
+void _vl_vsformat(string& output, const char* formatp, va_list ap) {
+    // Format a Verilog $write style format into the output list
+    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
+    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
+    //
+    // Note uses a single buffer internally; presumes only one usage per printf
+    // Note also assumes variables < 64 are not wide, this assumption is
+    // sometimes not true in low-level routines written here in verilated.cpp
+    static VL_THREAD char tmp[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
+    bool inPct = false;
+    bool widthSet = false;
+    int width = 0;
+    const char* pos = formatp;
+    for (; *pos; ++pos) {
+	if (!inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
+	    inPct = true;
+	    widthSet = false;
+	    width = 0;
+	} else if (!inPct) {   // Normal text
+	    // Fast-forward to next escape and add to output
+	    const char *ep = pos;
+	    while (ep[0] && ep[0]!='%') ep++;
+	    if (ep != pos) {
+		output += string(pos, ep-pos);
+		pos += ep-pos-1;
+	    }
+	} else { // Format character
+	    inPct = false;
+	    char fmt = pos[0];
 	    switch (fmt) {
+	    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+	    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		inPct = true;  // Get more digits
+		widthSet = true;
+		width = width*10 + (fmt - '0');
+		break;
+	    case '%':
+		output += '%';
+		break;
+	    case 'S': { // "C" string
+		const char* cstrp = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+		output += cstrp;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+		// Deal with all read-and-print somethings
+		const int lbits = va_arg(ap, int);
+		QData ld = 0;
+		WDataInP lwp;
+		if (lbits <= VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    WData qlwp[2];
+		    ld = _VL_VA_ARG_Q(ap, lbits);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(qlwp,ld);
+		    lwp = qlwp;
+		} else {
+		    lwp = va_arg(ap,WDataInP);
+		    ld = lwp[0];
+		    if (fmt == 'u' || fmt == 'd') fmt = 'x';  // Not supported, but show something
+		}
+		int lsb=lbits-1;
+		if (widthSet && width==0) while (lsb && !VL_BITISSET_W(lwp,lsb)) lsb--;
+		switch (fmt) {
+		case 'c': {
+		    IData charval = ld & 0xff;
+		    output += charval;
+		    break;
+		}
 		case 's':
 		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
 			lsb = (lsb / 8) * 8; // Next digit
 			IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xff;
-	    *strp++ = (charval==0)?' ':charval;
+			output += (charval==0)?' ':charval;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		case 'd': { // Signed decimal
+		    int digits=sprintf(tmp,"%lld",(vlsint64_t)(VL_EXTENDS_QQ(lbits,lbits,ld)));
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'u': { // Unsigned decimal
+		    int digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu",ld);
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 't': { // Time
+		    int digits;
+		    if (VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER==1) {
+			digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu",ld);
+		    } else if (VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER==1000) {
+			digits=sprintf(tmp,"%llu.%03llu",
+				       (QData)(ld/VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER),
+				       (QData)(ld%VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER));
+		    } else {
+			vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"","%%Error: Unsupported VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER");
+		    }
+		    int needmore = width-digits;
+		    if (needmore>0) output.append(needmore,' '); // Pre-pad spaces
+		    output += tmp;
+		    break;
 		}
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
 		case 'b':
 		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
-	    *strp++ = ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
+			output += ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 1) + '0';
 		    }
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
+		    break;
 		case 'o':
 		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
 			lsb = (lsb / 3) * 3; // Next digit
-	    *strp++ = ((lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 7) + '0';
+			// Octal numbers may span more than one wide word,
+			// so we need to grab each bit separately and check for overrun
+			// Octal is rare, so we'll do it a slow simple way
+			output += ('0'
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+0)) ? 1 : 0)
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+1)) ? 2 : 0)
+				   + ((VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(lwp, lbits, lsb+2)) ? 4 : 0));
 		    }
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
-    default:
+		    break;
+		case 'x':
 		    for (; lsb>=0; lsb--) {
 			lsb = (lsb / 4) * 4; // Next digit
 			IData charval = (lwp[VL_BITWORD_I(lsb)]>>VL_BITBIT_I(lsb)) & 0xf;
-	    *strp++ = (charval + ((charval < 10) ? '0':('a'-10)));
+			output += "0123456789abcdef"[charval];
 		    }
-	*strp++ = '\0';
-	return str;
+		    break;
+		default:
+		    string msg = string("%%Error: Unknown _vl_vsformat code: ")+pos[0]+"\n";
+		    vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"",msg.c_str());
+		    break;
+		} // switch
 	    }
-    *strp++ = '\0';
-    return str;
+	    } // switch
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+static inline bool _vl_vsss_eof(FILE* fp, int& floc) {
+    return fp ? feof(fp) : (floc<0);
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_advance(FILE* fp, int& floc) {
+    if (fp) fgetc(fp);
+    else floc -= 8;
+}
+static inline int  _vl_vsss_peek(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp) {
+    // Get a character without advancing
+    if (fp) {
+	int data = fgetc(fp);
+	if (data == EOF) return EOF;
+	ungetc(data,fp);
+	return data;
+    } else {
+	if (floc < 0) return EOF;
+	floc = floc & ~7;	// Align to closest character
+	int data = (fromp[VL_BITWORD_I(floc)] >> VL_BITBIT_I(floc)) & 0xff;
+	return data;
+    }
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_skipspace(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp) {
+    while (1) {
+	int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp, floc, fromp);
+	if (c==EOF || !isspace(c)) return;
+	_vl_vsss_advance(fp, floc);
+    }
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_read(FILE* fp, int& floc, WDataInP fromp,
+				 char* tmpp, const char* acceptp) {
+    // Read into tmp, consisting of characters from acceptp list
+    char* cp = tmpp;
+    while (1) {
+	int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp, floc, fromp);
+	if (c==EOF || isspace(c)) break;
+	if (acceptp!=NULL // String - allow anything
+	    && NULL==strchr(acceptp, c)) break;
+	if (acceptp!=NULL) c = tolower(c); // Non-strings we'll simplify
+	*cp++ = c;
+	_vl_vsss_advance(fp, floc);
+    }
+    *cp++ = '\0';
+    //VL_PRINTF("\t_read got='%s'\n", tmpp);
+}
+static inline void _vl_vsss_setbit(WDataOutP owp, int obits, int lsb, int nbits, IData ld) {
+    for (; nbits && lsb<obits; nbits--, lsb++, ld>>=1) {
+	VL_ASSIGNBIT_WI(0, lsb, owp, ld & 1);
+    }
+}
+
+IData _vl_vsscanf(FILE* fp,  // If a fscanf
+		  int fbits, WDataInP fromp,  // Else if a sscanf
+		  const char* formatp, va_list ap) {
+    // Read a Verilog $sscanf/$fscanf style format into the output list
+    // The format must be pre-processed (and lower cased) by Verilator
+    // Arguments are in "width, arg-value (or WDataIn* if wide)" form
+    static VL_THREAD char tmp[VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH];
+    int floc = fbits - 1;
+    IData got = 0;
+    bool inPct = false;
+    const char* pos = formatp;
+    for (; *pos && !_vl_vsss_eof(fp,floc); ++pos) {
+	//VL_PRINTF("_vlscan fmt='%c' floc=%d file='%c'\n", pos[0], floc, _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp));
+	if (!inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
+	    inPct = true;
+	} else if (!inPct && isspace(pos[0])) {   // Format spaces
+	    while (isspace(pos[1])) pos++;
+	    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+	} else if (!inPct) {   // Expected Format
+	    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+	    int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+	    if (c != pos[0]) goto done;
+	    else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+	} else { // Format character
+	    // Skip loading spaces
+	    inPct = false;
+	    char fmt = pos[0];
+	    switch (fmt) {
+	    case '%': {
+		int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+		if (c != '%') goto done;
+		else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+		// Deal with all read-and-scan somethings
+		// Note LSBs are preserved if there's an overflow
+		const int obits = va_arg(ap, int);
+		int lsb = 0;
+		WData qowp[2];
+		WDataOutP owp = qowp;
+		if (obits > VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    owp = va_arg(ap,WDataOutP);
+		}
+		for (int i=0; i<VL_WORDS_I(obits); i++) owp[i] = 0;
+		switch (fmt) {
+		case 'c': {
+		    int c = _vl_vsss_peek(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    if (c==EOF) goto done;
+		    else _vl_vsss_advance(fp,floc);
+		    owp[0] = c;
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 's': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, NULL);
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			_vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 8, tmp[pos]); lsb+=8;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'd': { // Signed decimal
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789+-xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    vlsint64_t ld;
+		    sscanf(tmp,"%lld",&ld);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(owp,ld);
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 't': // FALLTHRU  // Time
+		case 'u': { // Unsigned decimal
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789+-xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    QData ld;
+		    sscanf(tmp,"%llu",&ld);
+		    VL_SET_WQ(owp,ld);
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'b': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "01xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb++; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 1, 1); lsb++; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'o': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "01234567xz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb+=3; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 1); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '2': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 2); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '3': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 3); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '4': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 4); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '5': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 5); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '6': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 6); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '7': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 3, 7); lsb+=3; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		case 'x': {
+		    _vl_vsss_skipspace(fp,floc,fromp);
+		    _vl_vsss_read(fp,floc,fromp, tmp, "0123456789abcdefxz?_");
+		    if (!tmp[0]) goto done;
+		    int pos = strlen(tmp)-1;
+		    for (int i=0; i<obits && pos>=0; pos--) {
+			switch(tmp[pos]) {
+			case 'x': case 'z': case '?': //FALLTHRU
+			case '0': lsb+=4; break;
+			case '1': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  1); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '2': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  2); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '3': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  3); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '4': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  4); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '5': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  5); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '6': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  6); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '7': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  7); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '8': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  8); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '9': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4,  9); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'a': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 10); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'b': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 11); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'c': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 12); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'd': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 13); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'e': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 14); lsb+=4; break;
+			case 'f': _vl_vsss_setbit(owp,obits,lsb, 4, 15); lsb+=4; break;
+			case '_': break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		default:
+		    string msg = string("%%Error: Unknown _vl_vsscanf code: ")+pos[0]+"\n";
+		    vl_fatal(__FILE__,__LINE__,"",msg.c_str());
+		    break;
+		} // switch
+
+		got++;
+		// Reload data if non-wide (if wide, we put it in the right place directly)
+		if (obits <= VL_BYTESIZE) {
+		    CData* p = va_arg(ap,CData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_SHORTSIZE) {
+		    SData* p = va_arg(ap,SData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_WORDSIZE) {
+		    IData* p = va_arg(ap,IData*); *p = owp[0];
+		} else if (obits <= VL_QUADSIZE) {
+		    QData* p = va_arg(ap,QData*); *p = VL_SET_QW(owp);
+		}
+	    }
+	    } // switch
+	}
+    }
+  done:
+    return got;
 }
 
 //===========================================================================
@@ -228,6 +521,40 @@ void _VL_VINT_TO_STRING(int obits, char* destoutp, WDataInP sourcep) {
     while (isspace(*(destp-1)) && destp>destoutp) *--destp = '\0';  // Drop trailing spaces
 }
 
+void _VL_STRING_TO_VINT(int obits, void* destp, int srclen, const char* srcp) {
+    // Convert C string to Verilog format
+    int bytes = VL_BYTES_I(obits);
+    char* op = ((char*)(destp));
+    if (srclen > bytes) srclen = bytes;  // Don't overflow destination
+    int i;
+    for (i=0; i<srclen; i++) { *op++ = srcp[srclen-1-i]; }
+    for (; i<bytes; i++) { *op++ = 0; }
+}
+
+IData VL_FGETS_IXQ(int obits, void* destp, QData fpq) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return 0;
+
+    // The string needs to be padded with 0's in unused spaces in front of
+    // any read data.  This means we can't know in what location the first
+    // character will finally live, so we need to copy.  Yuk.
+    IData bytes = VL_BYTES_I(obits);
+    char buffer[bytes];
+
+    // We don't use fgets, as we must read \0s.
+    IData got = 0;
+    char* cp = buffer;
+    while (got < bytes) {
+	int c = getc(fp);
+	if (c==EOF) break;
+	*cp++ = c;  got++;
+	if (c=='\n') break;
+    }
+
+    _VL_STRING_TO_VINT(obits, destp, got, buffer);
+    return got;
+}
+
 QData VL_FOPEN_QI(QData filename, IData mode) {
     IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, filename);
     return VL_FOPEN_WI(2, fnw, mode);
@@ -240,6 +567,67 @@ QData VL_FOPEN_WI(int fnwords, WDataInP filenamep, IData mode) {
     return VL_CVT_FP_Q(fopen(filenamez,modez));
 }
 
+void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    string output;
+    _vl_vsformat(output, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    // Users can redefine VL_PRINTF if they wish.
+    VL_PRINTF("%s", output.c_str());
+}
+
+void VL_FWRITEF(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return;
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    string output;
+    _vl_vsformat(output, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    fputs(output.c_str(), fp);
+}
+
+IData VL_FSCANF_IX(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    FILE* fp = VL_CVT_Q_FP(fpq);
+    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!fp)) return 0;
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(fp, 0, NULL, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+
+IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WI(fnw, ld);
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, fnw, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, ld);
+
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, fnw, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, WDataInP lwp, const char* formatp, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap,formatp);
+    IData got = _vl_vsscanf(NULL, lbits, lwp, formatp, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return got;
+}
+
 void VL_READMEM_Q(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int,
 		  QData ofilename, void* memp, IData start, IData end) {
     IData fnw[2];  VL_SET_WQ(fnw, ofilename);

include/verilated.h

@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
 
 #include "verilatedos.h"
 
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -179,21 +179,21 @@ extern void vl_fatal  (const char* filename, int linenum, const char* hier,
 		       const char* msg);
 
 //=========================================================================
-// Extern functions -- Init time only, so slow is fine
+// Extern functions -- Slow path
 
+extern IData  VL_RANDOM_I(int obits);	///< Randomize a signal
+extern QData  VL_RANDOM_Q(int obits);	///< Randomize a signal
+extern WDataOutP VL_RANDOM_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Randomize a signal
+
+/// Init time only, so slow is fine
 extern IData  VL_RAND_RESET_I(int obits);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern QData  VL_RAND_RESET_Q(int obits);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern WDataOutP VL_RAND_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Random reset a signal
 extern WDataOutP VL_ZERO_RESET_W(int obits, WDataOutP outwp);	///< Zero reset a signal
 
-/// Return string with formated Verilog value
-extern const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_W(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, WDataInP lwp);
-extern const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, QData ld);
-inline const char* VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_I(int obits, char fmt, bool drop0, IData ld) {
-    return VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_Q(obits,fmt,drop0,ld);
-}
-
 /// File I/O
+extern IData VL_FGETS_IXQ(int sbits, void* strgp, QData fpq);
+
 extern QData VL_FOPEN_WI(int fnwords, WDataInP ofilename, IData mode);
 extern QData VL_FOPEN_QI(QData ofilename, IData mode);
 inline QData VL_FOPEN_II(IData ofilename, IData mode) { return VL_FOPEN_QI(ofilename,mode); }
@@ -206,6 +206,14 @@ inline void VL_READMEM_I(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int fnwo
 			 IData ofilename,    void* memp, IData start, IData end) {
     VL_READMEM_Q(hex, width,depth,array_lsb,fnwords, ofilename,memp,start,end); }
 
+extern void VL_WRITEF(const char* formatp, ...);
+extern void VL_FWRITEF(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...);
+
+extern IData VL_FSCANF_IX(QData fpq, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IIX(int lbits, IData ld, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IQX(int lbits, QData ld, const char* formatp, ...);
+extern IData VL_SSCANF_IWX(int lbits, WDataInP lwp, const char* formatp, ...);
+
 //=========================================================================
 // Base macros
 
@@ -213,9 +221,12 @@ inline void VL_READMEM_I(bool hex, int width, int depth, int array_lsb, int fnwo
 #define VL_BITISSET_I(data,bit) (data & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
 #define VL_BITISSET_Q(data,bit) (data & (VL_ULL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_Q(bit)))
 #define VL_BITISSET_W(data,bit) (data[VL_BITWORD_I(bit)] & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
+#define VL_BITISSETLIMIT_W(data,width,bit) (((bit)<(width)) && data[VL_BITWORD_I(bit)] & (VL_UL(1)<<VL_BITBIT_I(bit)))
 
 /// Create two 32-bit words from quadword
-#define VL_SET_WQ(decl,data)	{ decl[0]=(data); decl[1]=((data)>>VL_WORDSIZE); }
+#define VL_SET_WQ(owp,data)	{ owp[0]=(data); owp[1]=((data)>>VL_WORDSIZE); }
+#define VL_SET_WI(owp,data)	{ owp[0]=(data); owp[1]=0; }
+#define VL_SET_QW(lwp)		( ((QData)(lwp[0])) | ((QData)(lwp[1])<<((QData)(VL_WORDSIZE)) ))
 
 // Use a union to avoid cast-to-different-size warnings
 /// Return FILE* from QData
@@ -244,13 +255,17 @@ static inline void _VL_DEBUG_PRINT_W(int lbits, WDataInP iwp) {
 //=========================================================================
 // Pli macros
 
+#ifndef VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER
+# define VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER 1
+#endif
+
 /// Return current simulation time
 #if defined(SYSTEMC_VERSION) && (SYSTEMC_VERSION>20011000)
-# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units())
-# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units())
+# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)(sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
+# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)(sc_time_stamp().to_default_time_units()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
 #else
-# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)sc_time_stamp())
-# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)sc_time_stamp())
+# define VL_TIME_I(ign) ((IData)(sc_time_stamp()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
+# define VL_TIME_Q(ign) ((QData)(sc_time_stamp()*VL_TIME_MULTIPLIER))
 extern double sc_time_stamp();
 #endif
 

include/verilated.mk.in

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ VK_CPPFLAGS_ALWAYS += \
 		-I$(VERILATOR_ROOT)/include \
 		-DVL_PRINTF=printf \
 		-DVM_TRACE=$(VM_TRACE) \
+		-DVM_COVERAGE=$(VM_COVERAGE) \
 
 ifeq ($(VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE),1)	# Local... Else don't burden users
 VK_CPPFLAGS_WALL += -Wall \

include/verilatedos.h

@@ -110,10 +110,14 @@ typedef unsigned long long	vluint64_t;	///< 64-bit unsigned type
 //=========================================================================
 // Integer size macros
 
+#define VL_BYTESIZE 8			///< Bits in a byte
+#define VL_SHORTSIZE 16			///< Bits in a short
 #define VL_WORDSIZE 32			///< Bits in a word
 #define VL_QUADSIZE 64			///< Bits in a quadword
 #define VL_WORDSIZE_LOG2 5		///< log2(VL_WORDSIZE)
 
+/// Bytes this number of bits needs (1 bit=1 byte)
+#define VL_BYTES_I(nbits) (((nbits)+(VL_BYTESIZE-1))/VL_BYTESIZE)
 /// Words this number of bits needs (1 bit=1 word)
 #define VL_WORDS_I(nbits) (((nbits)+(VL_WORDSIZE-1))/VL_WORDSIZE)
 

nodist/dot_importer

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;

nodist/dot_pruner

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;

nodist/invoke_iccr

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
+######################################################################
+
+require 5.006_001;
+use strict;
+
+#======================================================================
+# main
+
+delete $ENV{MODULE_VERSION};
+_setup_modules();
+module('add','cadence_verif');
+exec('iccr',@ARGV);
+
+#######################################################################
+# Modules package
+
+sub _setup_modules {
+    # Load the 'module' command into the environment
+    my $init = "/sicortex/$ENV{DIRPROJECT_ARCH}/lib/Modules/default/init/perl";
+    (-f $init) or die "%Error: Script not found: $init,";
+    require $init;
+}
+
+#######################################################################
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+invoke_iccr - Invoke tool under "modules" command
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  invoke_iccr  {ncv arguments}
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+=head1 DISTRIBUTION
+
+Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder.  This package is free software; you
+can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
+Lesser General Public License or the Perl Artistic License.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+=cut
+
+######################################################################
+### Local Variables:
+### compile-command: "./invoke_iccr -help"
+### End:

nodist/invoke_ncverilog

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2007-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;

nodist/vtree_importer

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
-######################################################################
-#
-# Copyright 2005-2008 by Wilson Snyder <[email protected]>.  This
-# program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-# the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License or the Perl
-# Artistic License.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
+# See copyright, etc in below POD section.
 ######################################################################
 
 require 5.006_001;

src/Makefile.in

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ export OBJCACHE_JOBS := -j $(shell objcache --jobs "$(OBJCACHE_HOSTS)")
 export OBJCACHE := @objcache --read --write
 endif
 
+UNDER_GIT = $(wildcard ../.git)
+
+#*********************************************************************
+
 obj_opt:
 	mkdir $@
 obj_dbg:
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ dbg: ../verilator_bin_dbg
 
 prefiles::
 
-ifeq ($(VERILATOR_AUTHOR_SITE),1)	# Local... Else don't burden users
+ifneq ($(UNDER_GIT),)	# If local git tree... Else don't burden users
 prefiles:: config_rev.h
 # This output goes into srcdir, as we need to distribute it as part of the kit.
 config_rev.h:	config_rev.pl ../.git/index

src/Makefile_obj.in

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ LEX = @LEX@
 LFLAGS = -d
 PERL = @PERL@
 YACC = @YACC@
-YFLAGS = -y -d -v
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 
@@ -98,6 +97,7 @@ endif
 HEADERS = $(wildcard V*.h v*.h)
 
 ASTGEN = $(srcdir)/astgen
+BISONPRE = $(srcdir)/bisonpre
 
 ######################################################################
 #### Top level
@@ -254,11 +254,9 @@ V3Ast__gen_classes.h : $(ASTGEN) V3Ast.h V3AstNodes.h
 y.tab.h: y.tab.c
 
 # Have only one output file in this rule to prevent parallel make issues
-y.tab.c: verilog.y $(HEADERS)
+y.tab.c: verilog.y $(HEADERS) bisonpre
 	@echo "If you get errors from verilog.y below, try upgrading bison to version 1.875 or newer."
-	${YACC} ${YFLAGS} $<
-	mv y.tab.c y_pregen.tab.c && $(PERL) $(srcdir)/bisonfix < y_pregen.tab.c > y.tab.c
-	mv y.tab.h y_pregen.tab.h && $(PERL) $(srcdir)/bisonfix < y_pregen.tab.h > y.tab.h
+	$(PERL) $(BISONPRE) --yacc ${YACC} -d -v -o y.tab.c $<
 
 V3Lexer_pregen.yy.cpp:	verilog.l y.tab.h $(HEADERS)
 	${LEX} ${LFLAGS} -o$@ $<

src/V3Active.cpp

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3ActiveTop.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3Assert.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ private:
 
     // STATE
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Last module
+    AstBegin*	m_beginp;	// Last begin
     V3Double0	m_statAsCover;	// Statistic tracking
     V3Double0	m_statAsPsl;	// Statistic tracking
     V3Double0	m_statAsFull;	// Statistic tracking
@@ -100,9 +101,11 @@ private:
 	return bodysp;
     }
 
-    void newPslAssertion(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* propp, AstSenTree* sentreep, const string& message) {
+    void newPslAssertion(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* propp, AstSenTree* sentreep,
+			 AstNode* stmtsp, const string& message) {
 	propp->unlinkFrBack();
 	sentreep->unlinkFrBack();
+	if (stmtsp) stmtsp->unlinkFrBack();
 	//
 	AstNode* bodysp = NULL;
 	bool selfDestruct = false;
@@ -126,6 +129,7 @@ private:
 	} else {
 	    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Unknown node type");
 	}
+	if (stmtsp) bodysp = bodysp->addNext(stmtsp);
 	AstIf* ifp = new AstIf (nodep->fileline(), propp, bodysp, NULL);
 	bodysp = ifp;
 	if (nodep->castPslAssert()) ifp->branchPred(AstBranchPred::UNLIKELY);
@@ -232,12 +236,15 @@ private:
 
     virtual void visit(AstPslCover* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
+	if (m_beginp && nodep->name() == "") nodep->name(m_beginp->name());
+	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(),
+			nodep->stmtsp(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
 	m_statAsCover++;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
-	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(), nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
+	newPslAssertion(nodep, nodep->propp(), nodep->sentreep(),
+			NULL, nodep->name()); nodep=NULL;
 	m_statAsPsl++;
     }
     virtual void visit(AstVAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -253,6 +260,16 @@ private:
 	// Reset defaults
 	m_modp = NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstBegin* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// This code is needed rather than a visitor in V3Begin,
+	// because V3Assert is called before V3Begin
+	AstBegin* lastp = m_beginp;
+	{
+	    m_beginp = nodep;
+	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	}
+	m_beginp = lastp;
+    }
 
     // VISITORS  //========== Temporal Layer
 
@@ -268,6 +285,7 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTRUCTORS
     AssertVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
+	m_beginp = NULL;
 	m_modp = NULL;
 	// Process
 	AstNode::userClearTree();	// userp() used on entire tree

src/V3AssertPre.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -56,10 +56,17 @@ private:
 	// Return NULL for always
 	AstSenTree* newp = NULL;
 	AstSenItem* senip = m_senip ? m_senip : m_seniDefaultp;
-	if (senip) newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), senip->cloneTree(true));
-	if (!senip) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Unclocked assertion");
+	if (!senip) {
+	    nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Unclocked assertion");
+	    newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), NULL);
+	} else {
+	    newp = new AstSenTree(nodep->fileline(), senip->cloneTree(true));
+	}
 	return newp;
     }
+    void clearAssertInfo() {
+	m_senip = NULL;
+    }
 
     // VISITORS  //========== Statements
     virtual void visit(AstPslDefClock* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -70,28 +77,47 @@ private:
 	nodep->unlinkFrBack();
 	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstClocking* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	UINFO(8,"   CLOCKING"<<nodep<<endl);
+	// Store the new default clock, reset on new module
+	m_seniDefaultp = nodep->sensesp();
+	// Trash it, keeping children
+	if (nodep->bodysp()) {
+	    nodep->replaceWith(nodep->bodysp()->unlinkFrBack());
+	} else {
+	    nodep->unlinkFrBack();
+	}
+	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
+    }
 
     virtual void visit(AstPslCover* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// Prep
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	if (nodep->sentreep()) return;  // Already processed
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	nodep->sentreep(newSenTree(nodep));
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslAssert* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	// Prep
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	if (nodep->sentreep()) return;  // Already processed
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	nodep->sentreep(newSenTree(nodep));
-	m_senip = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
     }
     virtual void visit(AstPslClocked* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (m_senip) {
 	    nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Only one PSL clock allowed per assertion\n");
 	}
-	// Unlink and just keep a pointer to it, convert to sentree as needed
+	// Block is the new expression to evaluate
 	AstNode* blockp = nodep->propp()->unlinkFrBack();
+	if (nodep->disablep()) {
+	    blockp = new AstAnd(nodep->disablep()->fileline(),
+				new AstNot(nodep->disablep()->fileline(),
+					   nodep->disablep()->unlinkFrBack()),
+				blockp);
+	}
+	// Unlink and just keep a pointer to it, convert to sentree as needed
 	m_senip = nodep->sensesp();
 	nodep->replaceWith(blockp);
 	pushDeletep(nodep); nodep=NULL;
@@ -108,8 +134,8 @@ private:
 public:
     // CONSTRUCTORS
     AssertPreVisitor(AstNetlist* nodep) {
-	m_senip = NULL;
 	m_seniDefaultp = NULL;
+	clearAssertInfo();
 	// Process
 	nodep->accept(*this);
     }

src/V3Ast.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <memory>
@@ -85,17 +85,40 @@ void AstNode::init() {
 string AstNode::encodeName(const string& namein) {
     string name2 = namein;
     string out;
-    for (string::iterator pos = name2.begin(); pos != name2.end(); pos++) {
-	if (pos[0]=='_' && pos[1]=='_') {
-	    out += "__ULUL_";
+    const char* start = name2.c_str();
+    for (const char* pos = start; *pos; pos++) {
+	if ((pos==start) ? isalpha(pos[0])  // digits can't lead identifiers
+	    : isalnum(pos[0])) {
+	    out += pos[0];
+	} else if (pos[0]=='_') {
+	    if (pos[1]=='_') {
+		out += "_"; out += "__5F";  // hex(_) = 0x5F
 		pos++;
 	    } else {
 		out += pos[0];
 	    }
+	} else if (pos[0]=='.') {
+	    out += "__DOT__";
+	} else if (pos[0]=='[') {
+	    out += "__BRA__";
+	} else if (pos[0]==']') {
+	    out += "__KET__";
+	} else {
+	    char hex[10]; sprintf(hex,"%02X",pos[0]);
+	    out += "__"; out += hex;
+	}
     }
     return out;
 }
 
+string AstNode::encodeNumber(vlsint64_t num) {
+    if (num < 0) {
+	return "__2D"+cvtToStr(-num);  // 2D=-
+    } else {
+	return cvtToStr(num);
+    }
+}
+
 string AstNode::shortName() const {
     string pretty = name();
     string::size_type pos;
@@ -116,19 +139,37 @@ string AstNode::dedotName(const string& namein) {
 }
 
 string AstNode::prettyName(const string& namein) {
-    string pretty = namein;
-    string::size_type pos;
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__BRA__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "[");
+    string pretty;
+    string name2 = namein;
+    pretty = "";
+    for (const char* pos = name2.c_str(); *pos; ) {
+	if (0==strncmp(pos,"__BRA__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "[";
+	    pos += 7;
 	}
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__KET__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "]");
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__KET__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "]";
+	    pos += 7;
 	}
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__PVT__")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "");
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__DOT__",7)) {
+	    pretty += ".";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (0==strncmp(pos,"__PVT__",7)) {
+	    pretty += "";
+	    pos += 7;
+	}
+	else if (pos[0]=='_' && pos[1]=='_' && isxdigit(pos[2]) && isxdigit(pos[3])) {
+	    char value = 0;
+	    value += 16*(isdigit(pos[2]) ? (pos[2]-'0') : (tolower(pos[2])-'a'+10));
+	    value +=    (isdigit(pos[3]) ? (pos[3]-'0') : (tolower(pos[3])-'a'+10));
+	    pretty += value;
+	    pos += 4;
+	}
+	else {
+	    pretty += pos[0];
+	    pos++;
 	}
-    while ((pos=pretty.find("__ULUL_")) != string::npos) {
-	pretty.replace(pos, 7, "");
     }
     return AstNode::dedotName(pretty);
 }

src/V3Ast.h

@@ -197,7 +197,8 @@ public:
 	TRIWIRE,
 	BLOCKTEMP,
 	MODULETEMP,
-	STMTTEMP
+	STMTTEMP,
+	XTEMP
     };
     enum en m_e;
     inline AstVarType () {};
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ public:
 	    "?","GPARAM","LPARAM","GENVAR",
 	    "INTEGER","INPUT","OUTPUT","INOUT",
 	    "SUPPLY0","SUPPLY1","WIRE","IMPLICIT","REG","TRIWIRE",
-	    "BLOCKTEMP","MODULETEMP","STMTTEMP"};
+	    "BLOCKTEMP","MODULETEMP","STMTTEMP","XTEMP"};
 	return names[m_e];};
   };
   inline bool operator== (AstVarType lhs, AstVarType rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs.m_e); }
@@ -250,6 +251,25 @@ public:
 
 //######################################################################
 
+class AstCaseType {
+public:
+    enum en {
+	CASE,
+	CASEX,
+	CASEZ
+    };
+    enum en m_e;
+    inline AstCaseType () {};
+    inline AstCaseType (en _e) : m_e(_e) {};
+    explicit inline AstCaseType (int _e) : m_e(static_cast<en>(_e)) {};
+    operator en () const { return m_e; };
+  };
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType lhs, AstCaseType rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs.m_e); }
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType lhs, AstCaseType::en rhs) { return (lhs.m_e == rhs); }
+  inline bool operator== (AstCaseType::en lhs, AstCaseType rhs) { return (lhs == rhs.m_e); }
+
+//######################################################################
+
 class AstDisplayType {
 public:
     enum en {
@@ -559,6 +579,7 @@ public:
     static string dedotName(const string& namein);	// Name with dots removed
     static string prettyName(const string& namein);	// Name for printing out to the user
     static string encodeName(const string& namein);	// Encode user name into internal C representation
+    static string encodeNumber(vlsint64_t numin);	// Encode number into internal C representation
     string	prettyName() const { return prettyName(name()); }
     FileLine*	fileline() const { return m_fileline; }
     int		width() const { return m_width; }
@@ -651,7 +672,6 @@ public:
     virtual bool same(AstNode* otherp) const { return true; }
     virtual bool maybePointedTo() const { return false; }  // Another AstNode* may have a pointer into this node, other then normal front/back/etc.
     virtual bool broken() const { return false; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
 
     // INVOKERS
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) = 0;
@@ -682,7 +702,7 @@ struct AstNodeMath : public AstNode {
     virtual ~AstNodeMath() {}
     // METHODS
     virtual string emitVerilog() = 0;  /// Format string for verilog writing; see V3EmitV
-    virtual string emitOperator() = 0;
+    virtual string emitC() = 0;
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() = 0; // True if output has extra upper bits zero
 };
@@ -784,7 +804,7 @@ struct AstNodeCond : public AstNodeTriop {
     AstNode*	expr1p() 	const { return op2p()->castNode(); }	// op2 = If true...
     AstNode*	expr2p() 	const { return op3p()->castNode(); }	// op3 = If false...
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k? %r %k: %t)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_COND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_COND_%nq%lq%rq%tq(%nw,%lw,%rw,%tw, %P, %li, %ri, %ti)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; } // clean if e1 & e2 clean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanRhs() { return false; } virtual bool cleanThs() { return false; } // Propagates up

src/V3AstNodes.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <vector>
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ void AstNodeVarRef::cloneRelink() {
 }
 
 int AstNodeSel::bitConst() const {
-    AstConst* constp=bitp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->asInt():0);
+    AstConst* constp=bitp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->toSInt():0);
 }
 
 bool AstVar::isSigPublic() const {
-    return (m_sigPublic || (v3Global.opt.allPublic() && !isTemp()));
+    return (m_sigPublic || (v3Global.opt.allPublic() && !isTemp() && !isGenVar()));
 }
 
 bool AstVar::isScQuad() const {
@@ -417,3 +417,7 @@ void AstCCall::dump(ostream& str) {
 	funcp()->dump(str);
     }
 }
+void AstCFunc::dump(ostream& str) {
+    this->AstNode::dump(str);
+    if (slow()) str<<" [SLOW]";
+}

src/V3AstNodes.h

@@ -50,12 +50,13 @@ public:
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual string name()	const { return num().ascii(); }		// * = Value
     virtual const V3Number& num()	const { return m_num; }		// * = Value
-    uint32_t asInt()  const { return num().asInt(); }
-    vluint64_t asQuad() const { return num().asQuad(); }
+    uint32_t toUInt()  const { return num().toUInt(); }
+    vlsint32_t toSInt()  const { return num().toSInt(); }
+    vluint64_t toUQuad() const { return num().toUQuad(); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }  // Implemented specially
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
-    virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(num().asHash()); }
+    virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(num().toHash()); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const {
 	return num().isCaseEq(samep->castConst()->num()); }
     virtual int instrCount() const { return widthInstrs(); }
@@ -78,10 +79,10 @@ struct AstRange : public AstNode {
     AstRange*	cloneTree(bool cloneNextLink) { return AstNode::cloneTree(cloneNextLink)->castRange(); }
     AstNode* msbp()		const { return op2p()->castNode(); }	// op2 = Msb expression
     AstNode* lsbp()		const { return op3p()->castNode(); }	// op3 = Lsb expression
-    int	     msbConst()	const { AstConst* constp=msbp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->asInt():0); }
-    int	     lsbConst()	const { AstConst* constp=lsbp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->asInt():0); }
+    int	     msbConst()	const { AstConst* constp=msbp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->toSInt():0); }
+    int	     lsbConst()	const { AstConst* constp=lsbp()->castConst(); return (constp?constp->toSInt():0); }
     int	     elementsConst() const { return msbConst()-lsbConst()+1; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return true; }
 };
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ struct AstArraySel : public AstNodeSel {
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
 	V3ERROR_NA; /* How can from be a const? */ }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l%k[%r])"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "%li%k[%ri]"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ struct AstWordSel : public AstNodeSel {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& from, const V3Number& bit) { V3ERROR_NA; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l[%r])"; } // Not %k, as usually it's a small constant rhsp
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "%li[%ri]"; } // Not %k, as usually it's a small constant rhsp
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanLhs() { return true; } virtual bool cleanRhs() { return true; }
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ struct AstSel : public AstNodeTriop {
     // Children: varref|arraysel, math, constant math
     AstSel(FileLine* fl, AstNode* fromp, AstNode* lsbp, AstNode* widthp)
 	:AstNodeTriop(fl, fromp, lsbp, widthp) {
-	if (widthp->castConst()) width(widthp->castConst()->asInt(), widthp->castConst()->asInt());
+	if (widthp->castConst()) width(widthp->castConst()->toUInt(), widthp->castConst()->toUInt());
     }
     AstSel(FileLine* fl, AstNode* fromp, int lsbp, int bitwidth)
 	:AstNodeTriop(fl, fromp,
@@ -204,9 +205,12 @@ struct AstSel : public AstNodeTriop {
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstSel(*this); }
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& from, const V3Number& bit, const V3Number& width) {
-	out.opRange(from, bit.asInt()+width.asInt()-1, bit.asInt()); }
+	out.opRange(from, bit.toUInt()+width.toUInt()-1, bit.toUInt()); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }  // Implemented specially
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() {
+	return this->widthp()->isOne()
+	    ? "VL_BITSEL_%nq%lq%rq%tq(%nw,%lw,%rw,%tw, %P, %li, %ri)"
+	    : "VL_SEL_%nq%lq%rq%tq(%nw,%lw,%rw,%tw, %P, %li, %ri, %ti)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanLhs() { return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanThs() {return true;}
@@ -218,9 +222,9 @@ struct AstSel : public AstNodeTriop {
     AstNode* fromp()		const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = Extracting what (NULL=TBD during parsing)
     AstNode* lsbp()		const { return op2p()->castNode(); }	// op2 = Msb selection expression
     AstNode* widthp()		const { return op3p()->castNode(); }	// op3 = Width
-    uint32_t	lsbConst()   const { return lsbp()->castConst()->asInt(); }
-    uint32_t	widthConst() const { return widthp()->castConst()->asInt(); }
-    uint32_t	msbConst()   const { return lsbConst()+widthConst()-1; }
+    int		widthConst() const { return widthp()->castConst()->toSInt(); }
+    int		lsbConst()   const { return lsbp()->castConst()->toSInt(); }
+    int		msbConst()   const { return lsbConst()+widthConst()-1; }
 };
 
 struct AstVar : public AstNode {
@@ -332,9 +336,10 @@ public:
     bool	isSignal() const  { return (varType()==AstVarType::WIRE || varType()==AstVarType::IMPLICIT
 					    || varType()==AstVarType::REG || varType()==AstVarType::INTEGER); }
     bool	isTemp() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::BLOCKTEMP || varType()==AstVarType::MODULETEMP
-					 || varType()==AstVarType::STMTTEMP); }
+					 || varType()==AstVarType::STMTTEMP || varType()==AstVarType::XTEMP); }
     bool	isStatementTemp() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::STMTTEMP); }
     bool	isMovableToBlock() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::BLOCKTEMP || isFuncLocal()); }
+    bool	isPure() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::XTEMP); }
     bool	isParam() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::LPARAM || varType()==AstVarType::GPARAM); }
     bool	isGParam() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::GPARAM); }
     bool	isGenVar() const { return (varType()==AstVarType::GENVAR); }
@@ -358,8 +363,9 @@ public:
     bool	attrIsolateAssign() const { return m_attrIsolateAssign; }
     int		widthAlignBytes() const;	// Structure alignment 1,2,4 or 8 bytes (arrays affect this)
     int		widthTotalBytes() const;	// Width in bytes rounding up 1,2,4,8,12,...
-    uint32_t	msb() const { if (!rangep()) return 0; return rangep()->msbConst(); }
-    uint32_t	lsb() const { if (!rangep()) return 0; return rangep()->lsbConst(); }
+    int		msb() const { if (!rangep()) return 0; return rangep()->msbConst(); }
+    int		lsb() const { if (!rangep()) return 0; return rangep()->lsbConst(); }
+    int		msbMaxSelect() const { return (lsb()<0 ? msb()-lsb() : msb()); } // Maximum value a [] select may index
     uint32_t	arrayElements() const;	// 1, or total multiplication of all dimensions
     virtual string verilogKwd() const;
     void	propagateAttrFrom(AstVar* fromp) {
@@ -531,7 +537,7 @@ public:
 		     && varp()->name()==samep->castVarRef()->varp()->name()); }
     virtual int instrCount() const { return widthInstrs()*(lvalue()?1:instrCountLd()); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }  // Implemented specially
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
 };
 
@@ -559,7 +565,7 @@ public:
     string	inlinedDots() const { return m_inlinedDots; }
     void	inlinedDots(const string& flag) { m_inlinedDots = flag; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual int instrCount() const { return widthInstrs(); }
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(V3Hash(varp()),V3Hash(dotted())); }
@@ -792,7 +798,7 @@ public:
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(m_expect); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return expect() == samep->castParseRef()->expect(); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     AstParseRefExp expect() const { return m_expect; }
     // op1 = Components
     AstNode*	lhsp() 		const { return op1p(); }	// op1 = List of statements
@@ -808,7 +814,7 @@ struct AstDot : public AstNode {
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstDot(*this);}
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     AstNode* lhsp() const { return op1p(); }
     AstNode* rhsp() const { return op2p(); }
 };
@@ -1191,11 +1197,11 @@ struct AstCase : public AstNodeCase {
     // exprp Children:  MATHs
     // casesp Children: CASEITEMs
 private:
-    bool	m_casex;	// True if casex instead of normal case.
+    AstCaseType	m_casex;		// 0=case, 1=casex, 2=casez
     bool	m_fullPragma;		// Synthesis full_case
     bool	m_parallelPragma;	// Synthesis parallel_case
 public:
-    AstCase(FileLine* fileline, bool casex, AstNode* exprp, AstNode* casesp)
+    AstCase(FileLine* fileline, AstCaseType casex, AstNode* exprp, AstNode* casesp)
 	: AstNodeCase(fileline, exprp, casesp) {
 	m_casex=casex;
 	m_fullPragma=false; m_parallelPragma=false;
@@ -1204,11 +1210,14 @@ public:
     virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::CASE;}
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstCase(*this); }
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
-    virtual string  verilogKwd() const { return casex()?"casex":"case"; }
-    bool	casex()	const { return m_casex; }
+    virtual string  verilogKwd() const { return casez()?"casez":casex()?"casex":"case"; }
+    virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const {
+	return m_casex==samep->castCase()->m_casex; }
+    bool	casex()	const { return m_casex==AstCaseType::CASEX; }
+    bool	casez()	const { return m_casex==AstCaseType::CASEZ; }
     bool	fullPragma()	const { return m_fullPragma; }
-    bool	parallelPragma()	const { return m_parallelPragma; }
     void	fullPragma(bool flag)	{ m_fullPragma=flag; }
+    bool	parallelPragma()	const { return m_parallelPragma; }
     void	parallelPragma(bool flag) { m_parallelPragma=flag; }
 };
 
@@ -1323,6 +1332,101 @@ struct AstFOpen : public AstNodeStmt {
     AstNode*	modep() const { return op3p(); }
 };
 
+struct AstFFlush : public AstNodeStmt {
+    // Parents: stmtlist
+    // Children: file which must be a varref
+    AstFFlush(FileLine* fileline, AstNode* filep)
+	: AstNodeStmt (fileline) {
+	setNOp2p(filep);
+    }
+    virtual ~AstFFlush() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::FFLUSH;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstFFlush(*this); }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual string verilogKwd() const { return "$fflush"; };
+    virtual bool isGateOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isSplittable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isOutputter() const { return true; }
+    virtual bool isUnlikely() const { return true; }
+    virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(); }
+    virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return true; }
+    AstNode*	filep() const { return op2p(); }
+    void filep(AstNodeVarRef* nodep) { setNOp2p(nodep); }
+};
+
+struct AstFScanF : public AstNodeMath {
+    // Parents: expr
+    // Children: file which must be a varref
+    // Children: varrefs to load
+private:
+    string	m_text;
+public:
+    AstFScanF(FileLine* fileline, const string& text, AstNode* filep, AstNode* exprsp)
+	: AstNodeMath (fileline), m_text(text) {
+	addNOp1p(exprsp);
+	setNOp2p(filep);
+    }
+    virtual ~AstFScanF() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::FSCANF;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstFScanF(*this); }
+    virtual string name()	const { return m_text; }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual string verilogKwd() const { return "$fscanf"; }
+    virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual bool isGateOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isSplittable() const { return false; }	// SPECIAL: has 'visual' ordering
+    virtual bool isOutputter() const { return true; }	// SPECIAL: makes output
+    virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; }
+    virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(text()); }
+    virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const {
+	return text()==samep->castFScanF()->text(); }
+    AstNode*	exprsp()	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = Expressions to output
+    void 	exprsp(AstNode* nodep)	{ addOp1p(nodep); }	// op1 = Expressions to output
+    string 	text()		const { return m_text; }		// * = Text to display
+    void 	text(const string& text) { m_text=text; }
+    AstNode*	filep() const { return op2p(); }
+    void 	filep(AstNodeVarRef* nodep) { setNOp2p(nodep); }
+};
+
+struct AstSScanF : public AstNodeMath {
+    // Parents: expr
+    // Children: file which must be a varref
+    // Children: varrefs to load
+private:
+    string	m_text;
+public:
+    AstSScanF(FileLine* fileline, const string& text, AstNode* fromp, AstNode* exprsp)
+	: AstNodeMath (fileline), m_text(text) {
+	addNOp1p(exprsp);
+	setOp2p(fromp);
+    }
+    virtual ~AstSScanF() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::SSCANF;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstSScanF(*this); }
+    virtual string name()	const { return m_text; }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual string verilogKwd() const { return "$sscanf"; }
+    virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual bool isGateOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool isSplittable() const { return false; }	// SPECIAL: has 'visual' ordering
+    virtual bool isOutputter() const { return true; }	// SPECIAL: makes output
+    virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; }
+    virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(text()); }
+    virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const {
+	return text()==samep->castSScanF()->text(); }
+    AstNode*	exprsp()	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1 = Expressions to output
+    void	exprsp(AstNode* nodep)	{ addOp1p(nodep); }	// op1 = Expressions to output
+    string 	text()		const { return m_text; }		// * = Text to display
+    void 	text(const string& text) { m_text=text; }
+    AstNode*	fromp() const { return op2p(); }
+    void 	fromp(AstNode* nodep) { setOp2p(nodep); }
+};
+
 struct AstReadMem : public AstNodeStmt {
 private:
     bool	m_isHex;	// readmemh, not readmemb
@@ -1451,9 +1555,8 @@ struct AstChangeXor : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opChangeXor(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l ^ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_CHANGEXOR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_CHANGEXOR_%li(%lw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "^"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}  // Lclean && Rclean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -1592,8 +1695,8 @@ struct AstTraceDecl : public AstNodeStmt {
 private:
     string	m_showname;	// Name of variable
     uint32_t	m_code;		// Trace identifier code; converted to ASCII by trace routines
-    uint32_t	m_lsb;		// Property of var the trace details
-    uint32_t	m_msb;		// Property of var the trace details
+    int		m_lsb;		// Property of var the trace details
+    int		m_msb;		// Property of var the trace details
     uint32_t	m_arrayLsb;	// Property of var the trace details
     uint32_t	m_arrayMsb;	// Property of var the trace details
     uint32_t	m_codeInc;	// Code increment
@@ -1621,8 +1724,8 @@ public:
     uint32_t	code() const { return m_code; }
     void	code(uint32_t code) { m_code=code; }
     uint32_t	codeInc() const { return m_codeInc; }
-    uint32_t	msb() const { return m_msb; }
-    uint32_t	lsb() const { return m_lsb; }
+    int		msb() const { return m_msb; }
+    int		lsb() const { return m_lsb; }
     uint32_t	arrayMsb() const { return m_arrayMsb; }
     uint32_t	arrayLsb() const { return m_arrayLsb; }
     uint32_t	arrayWidth() const { if (!arrayMsb()) return 0; return arrayMsb()-arrayLsb()+1; }
@@ -1745,14 +1848,21 @@ struct AstScopeName : public AstNode {
 
 struct AstRand : public AstNodeTermop {
     // Return a random number, based upon width()
-    AstRand(FileLine* fl, int wwidth) : AstNodeTermop(fl) {
-	width(wwidth,wwidth); }
+private:
+    bool	m_reset;	// Random reset, versus always random
+public:
+    AstRand(FileLine* fl, int wwidth, bool reset) : AstNodeTermop(fl) {
+	width(wwidth,wwidth); m_reset=reset; }
+    AstRand(FileLine* fl) : AstNodeTermop(fl), m_reset(false) { }
     virtual ~AstRand() {}
     virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::RAND;}
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstRand(*this); }
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "$random"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_RAND_RESET"; }
+    virtual string emitC() {
+	return (m_reset ?
+		"VL_RAND_RESET_%nq(%nw, %P)"
+		:"VL_RANDOM_%nq(%nw, %P)"); }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual bool isGateOptimizable() const { return false; }
     virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
@@ -1769,7 +1879,7 @@ struct AstTime : public AstNodeTermop {
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstTime(*this); }
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "$time"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_TIME"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_TIME_%nq()"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual bool isGateOptimizable() const { return false; }
     virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
@@ -1791,7 +1901,7 @@ public:
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return false; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }  // Implemented specially
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     AstNode*	bodysp()	const { return op1p()->castNode(); }	// op1= expressions to print
     virtual bool isSplittable() const { return false; }	// SPECIAL: User may order w/other sigs
     virtual bool isOutputter() const { return true; }
@@ -1815,8 +1925,7 @@ struct AstUnaryMin : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opUnaryMin(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(- %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_UNARYMIN"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_UNARYMIN_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;}
 };
@@ -1829,7 +1938,7 @@ struct AstRedAnd : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opRedAnd(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(& %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_REDAND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_REDAND_%nq%lq(%nw,%lw, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
 };
@@ -1842,8 +1951,7 @@ struct AstRedOr : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opRedOr(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(| %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_REDOR"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_REDOR_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
 };
@@ -1856,8 +1964,7 @@ struct AstRedXor : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opRedXor(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(^ %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_REDXOR"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_REDXOR_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return (lhsp()->width()!=1 && lhsp()->width()!=2 && lhsp()->width()!=4
 				     && lhsp()->width()!=8 && lhsp()->width()!=16);}
@@ -1874,8 +1981,7 @@ struct AstRedXnor : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opRedXnor(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(~^ %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { v3fatalSrc("REDXNOR should have became REDXOR"); return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { v3fatalSrc("REDXNOR should have became REDXOR"); return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return 1+V3Number::log2b(width()); }
@@ -1890,7 +1996,7 @@ struct AstLogNot : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opLogNot(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(! %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LOGNOT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LOGNOT_%nq%lq(%nw,%lw, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "!"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
@@ -1904,9 +2010,8 @@ struct AstNot : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opNot(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(~ %l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_NOT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_NOT_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "~"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;}
 };
@@ -1919,7 +2024,7 @@ struct AstExtend : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opAssign(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%l"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_EXTEND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_EXTEND_%nq%lq(%nw,%lw, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}  // Because the EXTEND operator self-casts
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return 0; }
@@ -1933,7 +2038,7 @@ struct AstExtendS : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opExtendS(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%l"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_EXTENDS"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_EXTENDS_%nq%lq(%nw,%lw, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}  // Because the EXTEND operator self-casts
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return 0; }
@@ -1950,7 +2055,7 @@ struct AstSigned : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opAssign(lhs); out.isSigned(false); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$signed(%l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;}  // Eliminated before matters
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;}  // Eliminated before matters
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return 0; }
@@ -1966,7 +2071,7 @@ struct AstUnsigned : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opAssign(lhs); out.isSigned(false); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$unsigned(%l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;}  // Eliminated before matters
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;}  // Eliminated before matters
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return 0; }
@@ -1979,8 +2084,7 @@ struct AstCLog2 : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opCLog2(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$clog2(%l)"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_CLOG2"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_CLOG2_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*16; }
@@ -1994,8 +2098,7 @@ struct AstCountOnes : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opCountOnes(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$countones(%l)"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_COUNTONES"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_COUNTONES_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*16; }
@@ -2010,7 +2113,7 @@ struct AstIsUnknown : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opIsUnknown(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$isunknown(%l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
 };
@@ -2024,8 +2127,7 @@ struct AstOneHot : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opOneHot(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$onehot(%l)"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_ONEHOT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_ONEHOT_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*4; }
@@ -2040,8 +2142,7 @@ struct AstOneHot0 : public AstNodeUniop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opOneHot0(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$onehot0(%l)"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_ONEHOT0"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_ONEHOT0_%lq(%lW, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*3; }
@@ -2066,7 +2167,7 @@ public:
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { out.opAssign(lhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$_CAST(%l)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_CAST"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_CAST_%nq%lq(%nw,%lw, %P, %li)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}  // Special cased in V3Cast
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(size()); }
@@ -2076,6 +2177,37 @@ public:
     int size()	const { return m_size; }
 };
 
+struct AstFEof : public AstNodeUniop {
+    AstFEof(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhsp) : AstNodeUniop(fl, lhsp) {}
+    virtual ~AstFEof() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::FEOF;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstFEof(*this); }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { V3ERROR_NA; }
+    virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$feof(%l)"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "(%li ? feof(VL_CVT_Q_FP(%li)) : true)"; }
+    virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
+    virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
+    virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*16; }
+    AstNode*	filep() const { return lhsp(); }
+};
+
+struct AstFGetC : public AstNodeUniop {
+    AstFGetC(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhsp) : AstNodeUniop(fl, lhsp) {}
+    virtual ~AstFGetC() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::FEOF;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstFGetC(*this); }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs) { V3ERROR_NA; }
+    virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$fgetc(%l)"; }
+    // Non-existant filehandle returns EOF
+    virtual string emitC() { return "(%li ? fgetc(VL_CVT_Q_FP(%li)) : -1)"; }
+    virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;} virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;}
+    virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;}
+    virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*64; }
+    AstNode*	filep() const { return lhsp(); }
+};
+
 //======================================================================
 // Binary ops
 
@@ -2088,7 +2220,7 @@ struct AstLogOr : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLogOr(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k|| %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LOGOR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LOGOR_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "||"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2104,7 +2236,7 @@ struct AstLogAnd : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLogAnd(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k&& %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LOGAND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LOGAND_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "&&"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2120,7 +2252,7 @@ struct AstLogIf : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { V3ERROR_NA; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k-> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LOGIF"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LOGIF_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "->"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2136,7 +2268,7 @@ struct AstLogIff : public AstNodeBiCom {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { V3ERROR_NA; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k<-> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LOGIFF"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LOGIFF_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "<->"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2152,9 +2284,8 @@ struct AstOr : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opOr(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k| %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_OR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_OR_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "|"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {V3ERROR_NA; return false;}  // Lclean && Rclean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2168,9 +2299,8 @@ struct AstAnd : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opAnd(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k& %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_AND"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_AND_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "&"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {V3ERROR_NA; return false;}  // Lclean || Rclean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2184,9 +2314,8 @@ struct AstXor : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opXor(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k^ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_XOR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_XOR_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "^"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}  // Lclean && Rclean
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2200,9 +2329,8 @@ struct AstXnor : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opXnor(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k^ ~ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_XNOR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_XNOR_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "^ ~"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2216,9 +2344,8 @@ struct AstEq : public AstNodeBiCom {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opEq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k== %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_EQ"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_EQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "=="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2232,9 +2359,8 @@ struct AstNeq : public AstNodeBiCom {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opNeq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k!= %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_NEQ"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_NEQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "!="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2248,9 +2374,8 @@ struct AstLt : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLt(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k< %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LT_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "<"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2264,9 +2389,8 @@ struct AstLtS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLtS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k< %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LTS"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LTS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2281,9 +2405,8 @@ struct AstGt : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opGt(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_GT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_GT_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ">"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2297,9 +2420,8 @@ struct AstGtS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opGtS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_GTS"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_GTS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2314,9 +2436,8 @@ struct AstGte : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opGte(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k>= %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_GTE"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_GTE_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ">="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2330,9 +2451,8 @@ struct AstGteS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opGteS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k>= %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_GTES"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_GTES_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2347,9 +2467,8 @@ struct AstLte : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLte(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k<= %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LTE"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LTE_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "<="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2363,9 +2482,8 @@ struct AstLteS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opLteS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k<= %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_LTES"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_LTES_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2382,7 +2500,7 @@ struct AstShiftL : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opShiftL(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k<< %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_SHIFTL"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_SHIFTL_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "<<"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2399,7 +2517,7 @@ struct AstShiftR : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opShiftR(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k>> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_SHIFTR"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_SHIFTR_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ">>"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2416,7 +2534,7 @@ struct AstShiftRS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opShiftRS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k>>> %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_SHIFTRS"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_SHIFTRS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2432,9 +2550,8 @@ struct AstAdd : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opAdd(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k+ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_ADD"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_ADD_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "+"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2448,9 +2565,8 @@ struct AstSub : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opSub(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k- %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_SUB"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_SUB_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "-"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return false;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return false;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2464,9 +2580,8 @@ struct AstMul : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opMul(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k* %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_MUL"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_MUL_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "*"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2481,9 +2596,8 @@ struct AstMulS : public AstNodeBiComAsv {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opMulS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k* %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_MULS"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_MULS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return ""; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2499,8 +2613,7 @@ struct AstDiv : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opDiv(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k/ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_DIV"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_DIV_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2515,8 +2628,7 @@ struct AstDivS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opDivS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k/ %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_DIVS"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_DIVS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2532,8 +2644,7 @@ struct AstModDiv : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opModDiv(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k%% %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_MODDIV"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_MODDIV_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2548,8 +2659,7 @@ struct AstModDivS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opModDivS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k%% %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_MODDIVS"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_MODDIVS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return true;}
@@ -2565,8 +2675,7 @@ struct AstPow : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opPow(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k** %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_POW"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_POW_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2581,8 +2690,7 @@ struct AstPowS : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opPowS(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k** %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_POWS"; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return false; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_POWS_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return true;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2598,9 +2706,8 @@ struct AstEqCase : public AstNodeBiCom {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opCaseEq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k=== %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_EQ"; }	// Until have 4 state anyways
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_EQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "=="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2614,9 +2721,8 @@ struct AstNeqCase : public AstNodeBiCom {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opCaseNeq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k!== %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_NEQ"; }	// Until have 4 state anyways
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_NEQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "!="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2631,9 +2737,8 @@ struct AstEqWild : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opWildEq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k==? %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_EQ"; }	// Until have 4 state anyways
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_EQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "=="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2647,9 +2752,8 @@ struct AstNeqWild : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opWildNeq(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k(%l %k!=? %r)"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_NEQ"; }	// Until have 4 state anyways
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_NEQ_%lq(%lW, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual string emitSimpleOperator() { return "!="; }
-    virtual bool emitWordForm() { return true; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2665,7 +2769,7 @@ struct AstConcat : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k{%l, %k%r}"; }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opConcat(lhs,rhs); }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_CONCAT"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_CONCAT_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return true;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
@@ -2681,12 +2785,28 @@ struct AstReplicate : public AstNodeBiop {
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { out.opRepl(lhs,rhs); }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k{%l{%k%r}}"; }
-    virtual string emitOperator() { return "VL_REPLICATE"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_REPLICATE_%nq%lq%rq(%nw,%lw,%rw, %P, %li, %ri)"; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
     virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
     virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
     virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*2; }
 };
+struct AstFGetS : public AstNodeBiop {
+    AstFGetS(FileLine* fl, AstNode* lhsp, AstNode* rhsp) : AstNodeBiop(fl, lhsp, rhsp) {}
+    virtual ~AstFGetS() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::FEOF;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstFGetS(*this); }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    virtual void numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) { V3ERROR_NA; }
+    virtual string emitVerilog() { return "%k$fgets(%l,%r)"; }
+    virtual string emitC() { return "VL_FGETS_%nqX%rq(%lw, %P, &(%li), %ri)"; }
+    virtual bool cleanOut() {return false;}
+    virtual bool cleanLhs() {return true;} virtual bool cleanRhs() {return true;}
+    virtual bool sizeMattersLhs() {return false;} virtual bool sizeMattersRhs() {return false;}
+    virtual int instrCount()	const { return widthInstrs()*64; }
+    AstNode*	strgp() const { return lhsp(); }
+    AstNode*	filep() const { return rhsp(); }
+};
 
 //======================================================================
 // SysVerilog assertions
@@ -2712,6 +2832,27 @@ struct AstVAssert : public AstNodeStmt {
     AstNode*	failsp()	const { return op3p(); }	// op3 = if fails
 };
 
+//======================================================================
+// Assertions
+
+struct AstClocking : public AstNode {
+    // Set default clock region
+    // Parents:  MODULE
+    // Children: Assertions
+public:
+    AstClocking(FileLine* fl, AstSenItem* sensesp, AstNode* bodysp)
+	: AstNode(fl) {
+	addOp1p(sensesp);
+	addNOp2p(bodysp);
+    }
+    virtual ~AstClocking() {}
+    virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::CLOCKING;}
+    virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstClocking(*this); }
+    virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
+    AstSenItem*	sensesp() 	const { return op1p()->castSenItem(); }	// op1 = Sensitivity list
+    AstNode*	bodysp() 	const { return op2p(); }	// op2 = Body
+};
+
 //======================================================================
 // PSL
 
@@ -2736,17 +2877,19 @@ struct AstPslClocked : public AstNode {
     // Parents:  ASSERT|COVER (property)
     // Children: SENITEM, Properties
 public:
-    AstPslClocked(FileLine* fl, AstSenItem* sensesp, AstNode* propp)
+    AstPslClocked(FileLine* fl, AstSenItem* sensesp, AstNode* disablep, AstNode* propp)
 	: AstNode(fl) {
 	addNOp1p(sensesp);
-	addOp2p(propp);
+	addNOp2p(disablep);
+	addOp3p(propp);
     }
     virtual ~AstPslClocked() {}
     virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::PSLCLOCKED;}
     virtual AstNode* clone() { return new AstPslClocked(*this); }
     virtual void accept(AstNVisitor& v, AstNUser* vup=NULL) { v.visit(this,vup); }
     AstSenItem*	sensesp() 	const { return op1p()->castSenItem(); }	// op1 = Sensitivity list
-    AstNode*	propp()		const { return op2p(); }	// op2 = property
+    AstNode*	disablep()	const { return op2p(); }	// op2 = disable
+    AstNode*	propp()		const { return op3p(); }	// op3 = property
 };
 
 struct AstPslAssert : public AstNodeStmt {
@@ -2780,10 +2923,11 @@ struct AstPslCover : public AstNodeStmt {
 private:
     string	m_name;		// Name to report
 public:
-    AstPslCover(FileLine* fl, AstNode* propp, const string& name="")
+    AstPslCover(FileLine* fl, AstNode* propp, AstNode* stmtsp, const string& name="")
 	: AstNodeStmt(fl)
 	, m_name(name) {
 	addOp1p(propp);
+	addNOp4p(stmtsp);
     }
     virtual ~AstPslCover() {}
     virtual AstType type() const { return AstType::PSLCOVER;}
@@ -2792,11 +2936,13 @@ public:
     virtual string name()	const { return m_name; }		// * = Var name
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(name()); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return samep->name() == name(); }
+    void name(const string& flag) { m_name = flag; }
     AstNode*	propp()		const { return op1p(); }	// op1 = property
     AstSenTree*	sentreep()	const { return op2p()->castSenTree(); }	// op2 = clock domain
     void sentreep(AstSenTree* sentreep)  { addOp2p(sentreep); }	// op2 = clock domain
     AstNode*	coverincp()	const { return op3p(); }	// op3 = coverage node
     void coverincp(AstCoverInc* nodep)	{ addOp3p(nodep); }	// op3 = coverage node
+    AstNode*	stmtsp()	const { return op4p(); }	// op4 = statements
 };
 
 //======================================================================
@@ -2999,6 +3145,7 @@ public:
     virtual string name()	const { return m_name; }
     virtual bool broken() const { return ( (m_scopep && !m_scopep->brokeExists())); }
     virtual bool maybePointedTo() const { return true; }
+    virtual void dump(ostream& str=cout);
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return ((funcType()==samep->castCFunc()->funcType())
 						      && (rtnTypeVoid()==samep->castCFunc()->rtnTypeVoid())
@@ -3155,7 +3302,7 @@ struct AstCMath : public AstNodeMath {
     virtual bool isPredictOptimizable() const { return false; }
     virtual bool cleanOut() { return true; }
     virtual string emitVerilog() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }  // Implemented specially
-    virtual string emitOperator() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
+    virtual string emitC() { V3ERROR_NA; return ""; }
     virtual V3Hash sameHash() const { return V3Hash(); }
     virtual bool same(AstNode* samep) const { return true; }
 };

src/V3Begin.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3Branch.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3Broken.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>

src/V3Case.cpp

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ private:
 	}
 
 	// Check for X/Z in non-casex statements
-	if (!nodep->castCase() || !nodep->castCase()->casex()) {
+	{
 	    m_caseExprp = nodep;
 	    nodep->exprp()->accept(*this);
 	    for (AstCaseItem* itemp = nodep->itemsp(); itemp; itemp=itemp->nextp()->castCaseItem()) {
@@ -83,11 +83,18 @@ private:
 	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstConst* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	// See also neverItem
 	if (m_caseExprp && nodep->num().isFourState()) {
 	    if (m_caseExprp->castGenCase()) {
 		nodep->v3error("Use of x/? constant in generate case statement, (no such thing as 'generate casez')");
+	    } else if (m_caseExprp->castCase() && m_caseExprp->castCase()->casex()) {
+		// Don't sweat it, we already complained about casex in general
+	    } else if (m_caseExprp->castCase() && m_caseExprp->castCase()->casez()) {
+		if (nodep->num().isUnknown()) {
+		    nodep->v3warn(CASEWITHX, "Use of x constant in casez statement, (perhaps intended ?/z in constant)");
+		}
 	    } else {
-		nodep->v3error("Use of x/? constant in case statement, (perhaps intended casex/casez)");
+		nodep->v3warn(CASEWITHX, "Use of x/? constant in case statement, (perhaps intended casex/casez)");
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -152,12 +159,15 @@ private:
 		//if (debug()>=9) icondp->dumpTree(cout," caseitem: ");
 		AstConst* iconstp = icondp->castConst();
 		if (!iconstp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("above 'can't parse' should have caught this\n");
+		if (neverItem(nodep, iconstp)) {
+		    // X in casez can't ever be executed
+		} else {
 		    V3Number nummask (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
 		    nummask.opBitsNonX(iconstp->num());
-		uint32_t mask = nummask.asInt();
+		    uint32_t mask = nummask.toUInt();
 		    V3Number numval  (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
 		    numval.opBitsOne(iconstp->num());
-		uint32_t val  = numval.asInt();
+		    uint32_t val  = numval.toUInt();
 		    for (uint32_t i=0; i<(1UL<<m_caseWidth); i++) {
 			if ((i & mask) == val) {
 			    if (!m_valueItem[i]) {
@@ -170,6 +180,7 @@ private:
 			}
 		    }
 		}
+	    }
 	    // Defaults were moved to last in the caseitem list by V3Link
 	    if (itemp->isDefault()) {  // Case statement's default... Fill the table
 		for (uint32_t i=0; i<(1UL<<m_caseWidth); i++) {
@@ -296,8 +307,15 @@ private:
 		    AstNode* and1p;
 		    AstNode* and2p;
 		    AstConst* iconstp = icondp->castConst();
-		    if (iconstp && iconstp->num().isFourState()
-			&& nodep->casex()) {
+		    if (iconstp && neverItem(nodep, iconstp)) {
+			// X in casez can't ever be executed
+			icondp->deleteTree(); icondp=NULL; iconstp=NULL;
+			// For simplicity, make expression that is not equal, and let later
+			// optimizations remove it
+			and1p = new AstConst(itemp->fileline(), V3Number(itemp->fileline(),1,0));
+			and2p = new AstConst(itemp->fileline(), V3Number(itemp->fileline(),1,1));
+		    } else if (iconstp && iconstp->num().isFourState()
+			       && (nodep->casex() || nodep->casez())) {
 			V3Number nummask (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
 			nummask.opBitsNonX(iconstp->num());
 			V3Number numval  (itemp->fileline(), iconstp->width());
@@ -394,6 +412,17 @@ private:
 	}
     }
 
+    bool neverItem(AstCase* casep, AstConst* itemp) {
+	// Xs in case or casez are impossible due to two state simulations
+	if (casep->casex()) {
+	} else if (casep->casez()) {
+	    if (itemp->num().isUnknown()) return true;
+	} else {
+	    if (itemp->num().isFourState()) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+    }
+
     // VISITORS
     virtual void visit(AstCase* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	V3Case::caseLint(nodep);

src/V3Cast.cpp

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Changed.cpp

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <set>
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ private:
 	vscp->v3fatalSrc("Not applicable\n");
 #endif
 	AstVar* varp = vscp->varp();
+	vscp->v3warn(IMPERFECTSCH,"Imperfect scheduling of variable: "<<vscp);
 	if (varp->arraysp()) {
 	    vscp->v3error("Unsupported: Can't detect changes on arrayed variable (probably with UNOPTFLAT warning suppressed): "<<varp->prettyName());
 	} else {

src/V3Clean.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Clock.cpp

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Combine.cpp

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3Const.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -134,16 +134,16 @@ private:
     }
     bool operandHugeShiftL(AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
-		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->width()));
+		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->width()));
     }
     bool operandHugeShiftR(AstNodeBiop* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
-		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->lhsp()->width()));
+		&& nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt() >= (uint32_t)(nodep->lhsp()->width()));
     }
     bool operandIsTwo(AstNode* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->castConst()
 		&& nodep->width() <= VL_QUADSIZE
-		&& nodep->castConst()->asQuad()==2);
+		&& nodep->castConst()->toUQuad()==2);
     }
     bool operandIsTwostate(AstNode* nodep) {
 	return (nodep->castConst()
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ private:
 	return (nodep->rhsp()->castConst()
 		&& nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()
 		&& !nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()->lvalue()
-		&& ((int)(nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt())
+		&& ((int)(nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt())
 		    >= nodep->fromp()->castNodeVarRef()->varp()->widthWords()));
     }
     bool operandSelFull(AstSel* nodep) {
@@ -215,15 +215,18 @@ private:
     bool warnSelect(AstSel* nodep) {
 	AstNode* basefromp = AstArraySel::baseFromp(nodep->fromp());
 	if (AstNodeVarRef* varrefp = basefromp->castNodeVarRef()) {
+	    AstVar* varp = varrefp->varp();
 	    if (m_warn
 		&& nodep->lsbp()->castConst()
 		&& nodep->widthp()->castConst()
-		&& (!varrefp->varp()->rangep() || varrefp->varp()->msb())  // else it's non-resolvable parameterized
-		&& ( (  (nodep->msbConst() > varrefp->varp()->msb())
-			|| (nodep->lsbConst() > varrefp->varp()->msb())))) {
+		&& (!varp->rangep() || varp->msb())  // else it's non-resolvable parameterized
+		&& ( (  (nodep->msbConst() > varp->msbMaxSelect())
+			|| (nodep->lsbConst() > varp->msbMaxSelect())))) {
 		nodep->v3error("Selection index out of range: "
 			       <<nodep->msbConst()<<":"<<nodep->lsbConst()
-			       <<" outside "<<varrefp->varp()->msb()<<":0");
+			       <<" outside "<<varp->msbMaxSelect()<<":0"
+			       <<(varp->lsb()>=0 ? ""
+				  :" (adjusted +"+cvtToStr(-varp->lsb())+" to account for negative lsb)"));
 	    }
 	}
 	return false;  // Not a transform, so NOP
@@ -432,8 +435,8 @@ private:
 	    nodep->accept(*this);	// Further reduce, either node may have more reductions.
 	} else {
 	    // We know shift amounts are constant, but might be a mixed left/right shift
-	    int shift1 = shift1p->castConst()->asInt(); if (lhsp->castShiftR())  shift1=-shift1;
-	    int shift2 = shift2p->castConst()->asInt(); if (nodep->castShiftR()) shift2=-shift2;
+	    int shift1 = shift1p->castConst()->toUInt(); if (lhsp->castShiftR())  shift1=-shift1;
+	    int shift2 = shift2p->castConst()->toUInt(); if (nodep->castShiftR()) shift2=-shift2;
 	    int newshift = shift1+shift2;
 	    shift1p->deleteTree(); shift1p=NULL;
 	    shift2p->deleteTree(); shift1p=NULL;
@@ -490,11 +493,11 @@ private:
 	if (!varNotReferenced(nodep->rhsp(), varref1p->varp())) return false;
 	if (!varNotReferenced(nextp->rhsp(), varref2p->varp())) return false;
 	// Swap?
-	if ((  con1p->asInt() != con2p->asInt() + sel2p->width())
-	    &&(con2p->asInt() != con1p->asInt() + sel1p->width())) return false;
-	bool lsbFirstAssign = (con1p->asInt() < con2p->asInt());
+	if ((  con1p->toSInt() != con2p->toSInt() + sel2p->width())
+	    &&(con2p->toSInt() != con1p->toSInt() + sel1p->width())) return false;
+	bool lsbFirstAssign = (con1p->toUInt() < con2p->toUInt());
 	// If the user already has nice 32-bit divisions, keep them to aid later subdivision
-	//if (VL_BITBIT_I(con1p->asInt()) == 0) return false;
+	//if (VL_BITBIT_I(con1p->toUInt()) == 0) return false;
 	UINFO(4,"replaceAssignMultiSel "<<nodep<<endl);
 	UINFO(4,"                   && "<<nextp<<endl);
 	//nodep->dumpTree(cout, "comb1: ");
@@ -517,7 +520,7 @@ private:
 	return true;
     }
 
-    bool varNotReferenced(AstNode* nodep, AstVar* varp, bool level=0) {
+    bool varNotReferenced(AstNode* nodep, AstVar* varp, int level=0) {
 	// Return true if varp never referenced under node.
 	// Return false if referenced, or tree too deep to be worth it
 	if (!nodep) return true;
@@ -648,7 +651,7 @@ private:
 	if (!nodep->castAnd()->rhsp()->castShiftR()) return false;
 	AstShiftR* shiftp = nodep->castAnd()->rhsp()->castShiftR();
 	if (!shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()) return false;
-	if ((uint32_t)(nodep->width()) <= shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt()) return false;
+	if ((uint32_t)(nodep->width()) <= shiftp->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt()) return false;
 	return true;
     }
     void replaceBoolShift(AstNode* nodep) {
@@ -784,7 +787,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* newlsbp;
 	if (lsb1p->castConst() && lsb2p->castConst()) {
 	    newlsbp = new AstConst(lsb1p->fileline(),
-				   lsb1p->castConst()->asInt() + lsb2p->castConst()->asInt());
+				   lsb1p->castConst()->toUInt() + lsb2p->castConst()->toUInt());
 	    lsb1p->deleteTree(); lsb1p=NULL;
 	    lsb2p->deleteTree(); lsb2p=NULL;
 	} else {
@@ -851,7 +854,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* widthp = nodep->widthp()->unlinkFrBack();
 	AstSel* newp = new AstSel(nodep->fileline(),
 				  fromp,
-				  new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), lsbp->asInt() % fromp->width()),
+				  new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), lsbp->toUInt() % fromp->width()),
 				  widthp);
 	newp->widthSignedFrom(nodep);
 	nodep->replaceWith(newp); nodep->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;

src/V3Coverage.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3Dead.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <map>

src/V3Delayed.cpp

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>

src/V3Depth.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3DepthBlock.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Descope.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3EmitC.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ public:
     //int debug() { return 9; }
 
     // METHODS
-    void displayEmit(AstDisplay* nodep);
-    string displayFormat(AstNode* widthNode, string in,
-			 char fmtLetter, bool padZero, bool reallyString);
-    void displayArg(AstDisplay* dispp, AstNode** elistp, string fmt, char fmtLetter);
+    void displayNode(AstNode* nodep, const string& vformat, AstNode* exprsp, bool isScan);
+    void displayEmit(AstNode* nodep, bool isScan);
+    void displayArg(AstNode* dispp, AstNode** elistp, bool isScan,
+		    string vfmt, char fmtLetter);
 
     void emitVarDecl(AstVar* nodep, const string& prefixIfImp);
     typedef enum {EVL_IO, EVL_SIG, EVL_TEMP, EVL_STATIC, EVL_ALL} EisWhich;
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ public:
     void emitIQW(AstNode* nodep) {
 	puts (nodep->isWide()?"W":(nodep->isQuad()?"Q":"I"));
     }
-    void emitOpName(AstNode* nodep, const string& name);
+    void emitOpName(AstNode* nodep, const string& format,
+		    AstNode* lhsp, AstNode* rhsp, AstNode* thsp);
 
     string cFuncArgs(AstCFunc* nodep) {
 	// Return argument list for given C function
@@ -230,7 +231,23 @@ public:
 	nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	puts(");\n");
     }
-    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*);  // BELOW
+    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	string text = nodep->text();
+	if (nodep->addNewline()) text += "\\n";
+	displayNode(nodep, text, nodep->exprsp(), false);
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	displayNode(nodep, nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp(), true);
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	displayNode(nodep, nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp(), true);
+    }
+
+    void checkMaxWords(AstNode* nodep) {
+	if (nodep->widthWords() > VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS) {
+	    nodep->v3error("String of "<<nodep->width()<<" bits exceeds hardcoded limit VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS in verilatedos.h\n");
+	}
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstFOpen* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	puts(" = VL_FOPEN_");
@@ -242,9 +259,7 @@ public:
 	    puts(cvtToStr(nodep->filenamep()->widthWords()));
 	    putbs(", ");
 	}
-	if (nodep->filenamep()->widthWords() > VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS) {
-	    nodep->v3error("String of "<<nodep->filenamep()->width()<<" bits exceeds hardcoded limit VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS in verilatedos.h\n");
-	}
+	checkMaxWords(nodep->filenamep());
 	nodep->filenamep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	putbs(", ");
 	nodep->modep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
@@ -271,9 +286,7 @@ public:
 	puts(cvtToStr(array_lsb));
 	putbs(",");
 	puts(cvtToStr(nodep->filenamep()->widthWords()));
-	if (nodep->filenamep()->widthWords() > VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS) {
-	    nodep->v3error("String of "<<nodep->filenamep()->width()<<" bits exceeds hardcoded limit VL_TO_STRING_MAX_WORDS in verilatedos.h\n");
-	}
+	checkMaxWords(nodep->filenamep());
 	putbs(", ");
 	nodep->filenamep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	putbs(", ");
@@ -292,6 +305,17 @@ public:
 	nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);	// For saftey, so user doesn't later WRITE with it.
 	puts("=0; }\n");
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstFFlush* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	if (!nodep->filep()) {
+	    puts("fflush (stdout);\n");
+	} else {
+	    puts("if (");
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	    puts(") { fflush (VL_CVT_Q_FP(");
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	    puts(")); }\n");
+	}
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstWhile* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->precondsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	puts("while (");
@@ -353,26 +377,24 @@ public:
 
     // Operators
     virtual void visit(AstNodeTermop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	emitOpName(nodep,nodep->emitOperator());
-	puts(")");
+	emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), NULL, NULL, NULL);
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeUniop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	if (emitSimpleOk(nodep)) {
 	    putbs("("); puts(nodep->emitSimpleOperator()); puts(" ");
-	} else {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,nodep->emitOperator());
-	}
 	    nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
+	} else {
+	    emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), nodep->lhsp(), NULL, NULL);
+	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstNodeBiop* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	if (emitSimpleOk(nodep)) {
 	    putbs("("); nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	    puts(" "); putbs(nodep->emitSimpleOperator()); puts(" ");
-	} else {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,nodep->emitOperator());
-	    nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	}
 	    nodep->rhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
+	} else {
+	    emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), nodep->lhsp(), nodep->rhsp(), NULL);
+	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstRedXor* nodep, AstNUser* vup) {
 	if (nodep->lhsp()->isWide()) {
@@ -404,10 +426,7 @@ public:
     virtual void visit(AstNodeCond* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Widths match up already, so we'll just use C++'s operator w/o any temps.
 	if (nodep->expr1p()->isWide()) {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,nodep->emitOperator());
-	    nodep->condp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	    nodep->expr1p()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	    nodep->expr2p()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
+	    emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), nodep->condp(), nodep->expr1p(), nodep->expr2p());
 	} else {
 	    putbs("(");
 	    nodep->condp()->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs(" ? ");
@@ -417,20 +436,11 @@ public:
     }
     virtual void visit(AstSel* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Note ASSIGN checks for this on a LHS
-	if (nodep->widthp()->isOne()) {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,"VL_BITSEL");
-	    nodep->fromp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	    nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
-	} else {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,"VL_SEL");
-	    nodep->fromp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	    nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
-	    nodep->widthp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
-	}
+	emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), nodep->fromp(), nodep->lsbp(), nodep->thsp());
     }
     virtual void visit(AstReplicate* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	if (nodep->lhsp()->widthMin() == 1 && !nodep->isWide()) {
-	    if (((int)nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt()
+	    if (((int)nodep->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt()
 		     * nodep->lhsp()->widthMin()) != nodep->widthMin())
 		nodep->v3fatalSrc("Replicate non-constant or width miscomputed");
 	    puts("VL_REPLICATE_");
@@ -440,19 +450,11 @@ public:
 	    if (nodep->lhsp()) { puts(","+cvtToStr(nodep->lhsp()->widthMin())); }
 	    if (nodep->rhsp()) { puts(","+cvtToStr(nodep->rhsp()->widthMin())); }
 	    puts(",");
-	} else {
-	    emitOpName(nodep,nodep->emitOperator());
-	}
 	    nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(", ");
 	    nodep->rhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts(")");
+	} else {
+	    emitOpName(nodep, nodep->emitC(), nodep->lhsp(), nodep->rhsp(), NULL);
 	}
-    virtual void visit(AstArraySel* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	nodep->fromp()->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs("[");
-	nodep->bitp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts("]");
-    }
-    virtual void visit(AstWordSel* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-	nodep->fromp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts("["); // Not putbs, as usually it's a small constant next
-	nodep->bitp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts("]");
     }
     // Terminals
     virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
@@ -482,11 +484,11 @@ public:
 	    }
 	    ofp()->printf(",0x%08x)", nodep->num().dataWord(0));
 	} else if (nodep->isQuad()) {
-	    vluint64_t num = nodep->asQuad();
+	    vluint64_t num = nodep->toUQuad();
 	    if (num<10) ofp()->printf("VL_ULL(%lld)", (long long)num);
 	    else ofp()->printf("VL_ULL(0x%llx)", (long long)num);
 	} else {
-	    uint32_t num = nodep->asInt();
+	    uint32_t num = nodep->toUInt();
 	    if (num<10) puts(cvtToStr(num));
 	    else ofp()->printf("0x%x", num);
 	    //Unneeded-Causes %lx format warnings:
@@ -852,33 +854,95 @@ bool EmitCStmts::emitSimpleOk(AstNodeMath* nodep) {
     return true;
 }
 
-void EmitCStmts::emitOpName(AstNode* nodep, const string& opname) {
-    putbs(opname+"_");
-    if (nodep->emitWordForm()) {
-	emitIQW(nodep->op1p());
-	puts("(");
-	if (nodep->op1p()->isWide()) {
-	    puts(cvtToStr(nodep->op1p()->widthWords()));
-	    puts(", ");
+void EmitCStmts::emitOpName(AstNode* nodep, const string& format,
+			    AstNode* lhsp, AstNode* rhsp, AstNode* thsp) {
+    // Look at emitOperator() format for term/uni/dual/triops,
+    // and write out appropriate text.
+    //  %n*	node
+    //   %nq	  emitIQW on the [node]
+    //   %nw	  width in bits
+    //   %nW	  width in words
+    //   %ni	  iterate
+    //	%l*	lhsp - if appropriate, then second char as above
+    //	%r*	rhsp - if appropriate, then second char as above
+    //	%t*	thsp - if appropriate, then second char as above
+    //	%k	Potential line break
+    //  %P	Wide temporary name
+    //	,	Commas suppressed if the previous field is suppressed
+    string nextComma;
+    bool needComma = false;
+#define COMMA { if (nextComma!="") { puts(nextComma); nextComma=""; } }
+
+    putbs("");
+    for (string::const_iterator pos = format.begin(); pos != format.end(); ++pos) {
+	if (pos[0]==',') {
+	    // Remember we need to add one, but don't do yet to avoid ",)"
+	    if (needComma) {
+		if (pos[1]==' ') { nextComma=", "; }
+		else nextComma = ",";
+		needComma = false;
 	    }
-    } else {
-	emitIQW(nodep);
-	if (nodep->op1p()) { emitIQW(nodep->op1p()); }
-	if (nodep->op2p()) { emitIQW(nodep->op2p()); }
-	if (nodep->op3p()) { emitIQW(nodep->op3p()); }
-	puts("(");
-	puts(cvtToStr(nodep->widthMin()));
-	if (nodep->op1p()) { puts(","+cvtToStr(nodep->op1p()->widthMin())); }
-	if (nodep->op2p()) { puts(","+cvtToStr(nodep->op2p()->widthMin())); }
-	if (nodep->op3p()) { puts(","+cvtToStr(nodep->op3p()->widthMin())); }
-	if (nodep->op1p() || nodep->isWide()) puts(", ");
+	    if (pos[1]==' ') { ++pos; } // Must do even if no nextComma
 	}
+	else if (pos[0]=='%') {
+	    ++pos;
+	    bool detail = false;
+	    AstNode* detailp = NULL;
+	    switch (pos[0]) {
+	    case '%': puts("%");  break;
+	    case 'k': putbs("");  break;
+	    case 'n': detail = true; detailp = nodep; break;
+	    case 'l': detail = true; detailp = lhsp; break;
+	    case 'r': detail = true; detailp = rhsp; break;
+	    case 't': detail = true; detailp = thsp; break;
+	    case 'P':
 		if (nodep->isWide()) {
 		    if (!m_wideTempRefp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Wide Op w/ no temp, perhaps missing op in V3EmitC?");
+		    COMMA;
 		    puts(m_wideTempRefp->hiername());
 		    puts(m_wideTempRefp->varp()->name());
 		    m_wideTempRefp = NULL;
-	if (nodep->op1p()) puts(", ");
+		    needComma = true;
+		}
+		break;
+	    default:
+		nodep->v3fatalSrc("Unknown emitOperator format code: %"<<pos[0]);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (detail) {
+		// Get next letter of %[nlrt]
+		++pos;
+		switch (pos[0]) {
+		case 'q': emitIQW(detailp); break;
+		case 'w': 
+		    COMMA;
+		    puts(cvtToStr(detailp->widthMin()));
+		    needComma = true;
+		    break;
+		case 'W':
+		    if (lhsp->isWide()) {
+			COMMA;
+			puts(cvtToStr(lhsp->widthWords()));
+			needComma = true;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		case 'i':
+		    COMMA;
+		    if (!detailp) { nodep->v3fatalSrc("emitOperator() references undef node"); }
+		    else detailp->iterateAndNext(*this);
+		    needComma = true;
+		    break;
+		default:
+		    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Unknown emitOperator format code: %[nlrt]"<<pos[0]);
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    // Normal text
+	    if (pos[0] == ')') nextComma="";
+	    COMMA;
+	    string s; s+=pos[0]; puts(s);
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -888,13 +952,11 @@ void EmitCStmts::emitOpName(AstNode* nodep, const string& opname) {
 // We only do one display at once, so can just use static state
 
 struct EmitDispState {
-    bool		m_wide;		// Put out a wide func that needs string buffer
     string		m_format;	// "%s" and text from user
     vector<AstNode*>	m_argsp;	// Each argument to be printed
     vector<string>	m_argsFunc;	// Function before each argument to be printed
     EmitDispState() { clear(); }
     void clear() {
-	m_wide = false;
 	m_format = "";
 	m_argsp.clear();
 	m_argsFunc.clear();
@@ -906,18 +968,40 @@ struct EmitDispState {
     }
 } emitDispState;
 
-void EmitCStmts::displayEmit(AstDisplay* nodep) {
-    if (emitDispState.m_format != "") {
-	// Format
-	if (nodep->filep()) {
-	    puts("if (");
-	    nodep->filep()->iterate(*this);	// Check if closed, to avoid core dump
-	    puts(") fprintf(VL_CVT_Q_FP(");
-	    nodep->filep()->iterate(*this);
-	    puts("),\"");
+void EmitCStmts::displayEmit(AstNode* nodep, bool isScan) {
+    if (emitDispState.m_format == ""
+	&& nodep->castDisplay()) { // not fscanf etc, as they need to return value
+	// NOP
     } else {
-	    puts("VL_PRINTF(\"");
+	// Format
+	bool isStmt;
+	if (AstFScanF* dispp = nodep->castFScanF()) {
+	    isStmt = false;
+	    puts("VL_FSCANF_IX(");
+	    dispp->filep()->iterate(*this);
+	    puts(",");
+	} else if (AstSScanF* dispp = nodep->castSScanF()) {
+	    isStmt = false;
+	    checkMaxWords(dispp->fromp());
+	    puts("VL_SSCANF_I"); emitIQW(dispp->fromp()); puts("X(");
+	    puts(cvtToStr(dispp->fromp()->widthMin()));
+	    puts(",");
+	    dispp->fromp()->iterate(*this);
+	    puts(",");
+	} else if (AstDisplay* dispp = nodep->castDisplay()) {
+	    isStmt = true;
+	    if (dispp->filep()) {
+		puts("VL_FWRITEF(");
+		dispp->filep()->iterate(*this);
+		puts(",");
+	    } else {
+		puts("VL_WRITEF(");
 	    }
+	} else {
+	    isStmt = true;
+	    nodep->v3fatalSrc("Unknown displayEmit node type");
+	}
+	puts("\"");
 	ofp()->putsNoTracking(emitDispState.m_format);
 	puts("\"");
 	// Arguments
@@ -928,138 +1012,112 @@ void EmitCStmts::displayEmit(AstDisplay* nodep) {
 	    ofp()->indentInc();
 	    ofp()->putbs("");
 	    if (func!="") puts(func);
-	    if (argp) argp->iterate(*this);
-	    if (func!="") puts(")");
+	    if (argp) {
+		if (isScan) puts("&(");
+		argp->iterate(*this);
+		if (isScan) puts(")");
+	    }
 	    ofp()->indentDec();
 	}
         // End
-	puts(");\n");
+	puts(")");
+	if (isStmt) puts(";\n");
+	else puts(" ");
 	// Prep for next
 	emitDispState.clear();
     }
 }
 
-string EmitCStmts::displayFormat(AstNode* widthNodep, string in,
-				 char fmtLetter, bool padZero, bool reallyString) {
-    if (fmtLetter=='s') padZero = false;
-    if (widthNodep && widthNodep->isWide()
+void EmitCStmts::displayArg(AstNode* dispp, AstNode** elistp, bool isScan,
+			    string vfmt, char fmtLetter) {
+    // Print display argument, edits elistp
+    AstNode* argp = *elistp;
+    if (!argp) {
+	// expectDisplay() checks this first, so internal error if found here
+	dispp->v3error("Internal: Missing arguments for $display format");
+	return;
+    }
+    if (argp->widthMin() > VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH) {
+	dispp->v3error("Exceeded limit of 1024 bits for any display arguments");
+    }
+    if (argp && argp->isWide()
 	&& (fmtLetter=='d'||fmtLetter=='u')) {
-	widthNodep->v3error("Unsupported: $display of dec format of > 64 bit results (use hex format instead)");
+	argp->v3error("Unsupported: "<<dispp->verilogKwd()<<" of dec format of > 64 bit results (use hex format instead)");
     }
-    if (widthNodep && widthNodep->widthMin()>8 && fmtLetter=='c') {
-	widthNodep->v3error("$display of char format of > 8 bit result");
+    if (argp && argp->widthMin()>8 && fmtLetter=='c') {
+	// Technically legal, but surely not what the user intended.
+	argp->v3error(dispp->verilogKwd()<<" of char format of > 8 bit result");
     }
-    string fmt;
-    if (in == "") {
-	// Size naturally
-	if (widthNodep == NULL) fmt="";  // Out of args, will get error
-	if (fmtLetter=='u' || fmtLetter=='d') { // Decimal.  Spec says leading spaces, not zeros
-	    double mantissabits = widthNodep->widthMin() - ((fmtLetter=='d')?1:0);
+
+    //string pfmt = "%"+displayFormat(argp, vfmt, fmtLetter)+fmtLetter;
+    string pfmt;
+    if ((fmtLetter=='u' || fmtLetter=='d' || fmtLetter=='t')
+	&& !isScan
+	&& vfmt == "") { // Size decimal output.  Spec says leading spaces, not zeros
+	double mantissabits = argp->widthMin() - ((fmtLetter=='d')?1:0);
 	double maxval = pow(2.0, mantissabits);
 	double dchars = log10(maxval)+1.0;
 	if (fmtLetter=='d') dchars++;  // space for sign
 	int nchars = int(dchars);
-	    fmt=cvtToStr(nchars);
-	} else if (fmtLetter!='s' && fmtLetter!='c') {  // Strings/chars don't get padding
-	    int bitsPerChar = (fmtLetter=='b'?1 : fmtLetter=='o'?3 : 4);
-	    int nchars = (widthNodep->widthMin() + bitsPerChar-1)/bitsPerChar;
-	    if (padZero) fmt=(string)("0")+cvtToStr(nchars);
-	    else fmt=cvtToStr(nchars);
-	}
-    } else if (in == "0") {
-	fmt="";	// No width
+	pfmt = string("%") + cvtToStr(nchars) + fmtLetter;
     } else {
-	fmt=in;
+	pfmt = string("%") + vfmt + fmtLetter;
     }
-    return fmt;
-}
-
-void EmitCStmts::displayArg(AstDisplay* dispp, AstNode** elistp, string fmt, char fmtLetter) {
-    // Print display argument, edits elistp
-    if (!*elistp) {
-	dispp->v3error("Missing arguments for $display format");
-	return;
-    }
-    if ((*elistp)->widthMin() > VL_VALUE_STRING_MAX_WIDTH) {
-	dispp->v3error("Exceeded limit of 1024 bits for any display arguments");
-    }
-
-    if ((*elistp)->isWide()	// Have to use our own function for wide,
-	|| fmtLetter=='s'	// ... Verilog strings
-	|| fmtLetter=='b'	// ... binary, no printf %b in C
-	|| fmtLetter=='d') {	// ... Signed decimal
-	// We use a single static string, so must only have one call per VL_PRINT
-	if (emitDispState.m_wide) { displayEmit(dispp); }
-	emitDispState.m_wide = true;
-	string nfmt = displayFormat(*elistp, fmt, fmtLetter, false, true);
-	string pfmt = "%"+nfmt+"s";
-	string func = "VL_VALUE_FORMATTED_";
-	func += ((*elistp)->isWide()) ? "W(" : ((*elistp)->isQuad()) ? "Q(" : "I(";
-	func += (cvtToStr((*elistp)->widthMin())
-		 +",'"+fmtLetter+"'"
-		 +","+(fmt=="0"?"true":"false")+",");
     emitDispState.pushFormat(pfmt);
-	emitDispState.pushArg(*elistp,func);
-    } else {
-	string func;
-	string nfmt = displayFormat(*elistp, fmt, fmtLetter, true, false);
-	// We don't need to check for fmtLetter=='d', as it is above.
-	if ((*elistp)->isQuad() && (fmtLetter=='u'||fmtLetter=='o'||fmtLetter=='x')) {
-	    nfmt+="ll";
-	    func="(unsigned long long)(";  // Must match %ull to avoid warnings
-	}
-	string pfmt = "%"+nfmt+fmtLetter;
+    emitDispState.pushArg(NULL,cvtToStr(argp->widthMin()));
+    emitDispState.pushArg(argp,"");
 
-	emitDispState.pushFormat(pfmt);
-	emitDispState.pushArg(*elistp,func);
-    }
     // Next parameter
     *elistp = (*elistp)->nextp();
 }
 
-void EmitCStmts::visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
-    string vformat = nodep->text();
-    AstNode* elistp = nodep->exprsp();
+void EmitCStmts::displayNode(AstNode* nodep, const string& vformat, AstNode* exprsp,
+			     bool isScan) {
+    AstNode* elistp = exprsp;
 
     // Convert Verilog display to C printf formats
     // 		"%0t" becomes "%d"
     emitDispState.clear();
-    string fmt = "";
-    string::iterator pos = vformat.begin();
+    string vfmt = "";
+    string::const_iterator pos = vformat.begin();
     bool inPct = false;
     for (; pos != vformat.end(); ++pos) {
-	if (inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
-	    emitDispState.pushFormat("%%");  // We're printf'ing it, so need to quote the %
-	    inPct = false;
-	} else if (pos[0]=='%') {
+	//UINFO(1,"Parse '"<<*pos<<"'  IP"<<inPct<<" List "<<(void*)(elistp)<<endl);
+	if (!inPct && pos[0]=='%') {
 	    inPct = true;
-	    fmt = "";
+	    vfmt = "";
 	} else if (!inPct) {   // Normal text
-	    //char text[2]; text[0]=*pos; text[1]='\0';
 	    emitDispState.pushFormat(*pos);
 	} else { // Format character
-	    if (isdigit(pos[0])) {
-		// Digits, like %5d, etc.
-		fmt += pos[0];
-	    } else {
 	    inPct = false;
 	    switch (tolower(pos[0])) {
+	    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+	    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		// Digits, like %5d, etc.
+		vfmt += pos[0];
+		inPct = true;  // Get more digits
+		break;
+	    case '%':
+		emitDispState.pushFormat("%%");  // We're printf'ing it, so need to quote the %
+		break;
 	    // Special codes
-		case '~': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'d'); break;  // Signed decimal
+	    case '~': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'d'); break;  // Signed decimal
 	    // Spec: h d o b c l
-		case 'b': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'b'); break;
-		case 'c': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'c'); break;
-		case 't':
-		case 'd': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'u'); break;  // Unsigned decimal
-		case 'o': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'o'); break;
+	    case 'b': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'b'); break;
+	    case 'c': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'c'); break;
+	    case 't': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'t'); break;
+	    case 'd': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'u'); break;  // Unsigned decimal
+	    case 'o': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'o'); break;
 	    case 'h':
-		case 'x': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'x'); break;
-		case 's': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,fmt,'s'); break;
+	    case 'x': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'x'); break;
+	    case 's': displayArg(nodep,&elistp,isScan, vfmt,'s'); break;
 	    case 'm': {
-		    emitDispState.pushFormat("%s");
-		    emitDispState.pushArg(NULL, "vlSymsp->name(");
-		    if (!nodep->scopeNamep()) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Display with %m but no AstScopeName");
-		    for (AstText* textp=nodep->scopeNamep()->scopeAttrp(); textp; textp=textp->nextp()->castText()) {
+		emitDispState.pushFormat("%S");
+		emitDispState.pushArg(NULL, "vlSymsp->name()");
+		if (!nodep->castDisplay()) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Non-Display with %m");
+		AstScopeName* scopenamep = nodep->castDisplay()->scopeNamep();
+		if (!scopenamep) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Display with %m but no AstScopeName");
+		for (AstText* textp=scopenamep->scopeAttrp(); textp; textp=textp->nextp()->castText()) {
 		    emitDispState.pushFormat(textp->text());
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1076,12 +1134,11 @@ void EmitCStmts::visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    }
     if (elistp != NULL) {
-	nodep->v3error("Extra arguments for $display format\n");
+	// expectFormat also checks this, and should have found it first, so internal
+	elistp->v3error("Internal: Extra arguments for $display format\n");
     }
-    if (nodep->addNewline()) emitDispState.pushFormat("\\n");
-    displayEmit(nodep);
+    displayEmit(nodep, isScan);
 }
 
 //######################################################################

src/V3EmitCBase.h

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"
 #include "V3File.h"

src/V3EmitCInlines.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 

src/V3EmitCSyms.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>

src/V3EmitMk.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public:
 	of.putsHeader();
 	of.puts("\n");
 
+	of.puts("VM_COVERAGE = "); of.puts(v3Global.opt.coverage()?"1":"0"); of.puts("\n");
 	of.puts("VM_TRACE = "); of.puts(v3Global.opt.trace()?"1":"0"); of.puts("\n");
 	of.puts("\n");
 

src/V3EmitV.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -163,19 +163,30 @@ public:
     virtual void visit(AstCoverInc*, AstNUser*) {
 	// N/A
     }
-    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+
+    void visitNodeDisplay(AstNode* nodep, AstNode* filep, const string& text, AstNode* exprsp) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
-	if (nodep->filep()) { nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs(","); }
+	if (filep) { filep->iterateAndNext(*this); putbs(","); }
 	puts("\"");
-	ofp()->putsNoTracking(nodep->text());
+	ofp()->putsNoTracking(text);
 	puts("\"");
-	for (AstNode* expp=nodep->exprsp(); expp; expp = expp->nextp()) {
+	for (AstNode* expp=exprsp; expp; expp = expp->nextp()) {
 	    puts(",");
 	    expp->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	}
 	puts(");\n");
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->filep(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->filep(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	visitNodeDisplay(nodep, nodep->fromp(), nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp());
+    }
+
     virtual void visit(AstFOpen* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
@@ -192,6 +203,12 @@ public:
 	if (nodep->filep()) nodep->filep()->iterateChildren(*this);
 	puts(");\n");
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstFFlush* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
+	putbs(" (");
+	if (nodep->filep()) nodep->filep()->iterateChildren(*this);
+	puts(");\n");
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstReadMem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	putbs(nodep->verilogKwd());
 	putbs(" (");
@@ -345,11 +362,11 @@ public:
 	    if (nodep->widthp()->isOne()) {
 		nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 	    } else {
-		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->asInt()
-			      +nodep->widthp()->castConst()->asInt()
+		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->toSInt()
+			      +nodep->widthp()->castConst()->toSInt()
 			      -1));
 		puts(":");
-		nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+		puts(cvtToStr(nodep->lsbp()->castConst()->toSInt()));
 	    }
 	} else {
 	    nodep->lsbp()->iterateAndNext(*this); puts("+:");

src/V3Error.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //
 //*************************************************************************
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <set>
 #include "V3Error.h"
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ V3ErrorCode::V3ErrorCode(const char* msgp) {
 //######################################################################
 // FileLine class functions
 
+FileLine::FileLine(FileLine::EmptySecret) {
+    m_lineno=0;
+    m_filename="COMMAND_LINE";
+
+    m_warnOff=0;
+    for (int codei=V3ErrorCode::FIRST_WARN; codei<V3ErrorCode::MAX; codei++) {
+	V3ErrorCode code = (V3ErrorCode)codei;
+	if (code.defaultsOff()) warnOff(code, true);
+    }
+}
+
 void FileLine::lineDirective(const char* textp) {
     // Handle `line directive
     // Skip `line
@@ -153,13 +164,23 @@ ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, FileLine* fileline) {
     return(os);
 }
 
-bool FileLine::warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) {
+bool FileLine::warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) const {
     if (m_warnOff.test(code)) return true;
     // UNOPTFLAT implies UNOPT
     if (code==V3ErrorCode::UNOPT && m_warnOff.test(V3ErrorCode::UNOPTFLAT)) return true;
     return false;
 }
 
+void FileLine::warnStateInherit(const FileLine& from) {
+    // Any warnings that are off in "from", become off in "this".
+    for (int codei=V3ErrorCode::FIRST_WARN; codei<V3ErrorCode::MAX; codei++) {
+	V3ErrorCode code = (V3ErrorCode)codei;
+	if (from.warnIsOff(code)) {
+	    this->warnOff(code, true);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
 void FileLine::v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str) {
     if (this && m_lineno) {
 	ostringstream nsstr;
@@ -261,6 +282,7 @@ void V3Error::abortIfWarnings() {
 
 bool V3Error::isError(V3ErrorCode code) {
     if (code==V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) return false;
+    else if (code==V3ErrorCode::INFO) return false;
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) return true;
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::ERROR) return true;
     else if (code<V3ErrorCode::FIRST_WARN
@@ -270,6 +292,7 @@ bool V3Error::isError(V3ErrorCode code) {
 
 string V3Error::msgPrefix(V3ErrorCode code) {
     if (code==V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) return "-arning-suppressed: ";
+    else if (code==V3ErrorCode::INFO) return "-Info: ";
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) return "%Error: ";
     else if (code==V3ErrorCode::ERROR) return "%Error: ";
     else if (isError(code)) return "%Error-"+(string)code.ascii()+": ";
@@ -306,12 +329,15 @@ void V3Error::v3errorEnd (ostringstream& sstr) {
 #ifdef __COVERITY__
     if (s_errorCode==V3ErrorCode::FATAL) __coverity_panic__(x);
 #endif
-    if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS || debug()) {
+    if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS
+	// On debug, show only non default-off warning to prevent pages of warnings
+	|| (debug() && !s_errorCode.defaultsOff())) {
 	cerr<<msgPrefix()<<sstr.str();
 	if (sstr.str()[sstr.str().length()-1] != '\n') {
 	    cerr<<endl;
 	}
-	if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS) {
+	if (s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::SUPPRESS
+	    && s_errorCode!=V3ErrorCode::INFO) {
 	    if (!s_describedEachWarn[s_errorCode]
 		&& !s_pretendError[s_errorCode]) {
 		s_describedEachWarn[s_errorCode] = true;

src/V3Error.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class V3ErrorCode {
 public:
     enum en {
 	SUPPRESS,	// Warning suppressed by user
+	INFO,		// General information out
 	FATAL,		// Kill the program
 	ERROR,		// General error out, can't suppress
 	// Error codes:
@@ -45,11 +46,13 @@ public:
 	BLKANDNBLK,	// Blocked and non-blocking assignments to same variable
 	CASEINCOMPLETE,	// Case statement has missing values
 	CASEOVERLAP,	// Case statements overlap
+	CASEWITHX,	// Case with X values
 	CASEX,		// Casex
 	CMPCONST,	// Comparison is constant due to limited range
 	COMBDLY,	// Combinatorial delayed assignment
 	STMTDLY,	// Delayed statement
 	GENCLK,		// Generated Clock
+	IMPERFECTSCH,	// Imperfect schedule (disabled by default)
 	IMPLICIT,	// Implicit wire
 	IMPURE,		// Impure function not being inlined
 	MULTIDRIVEN,	// Driven from multiple blocks
@@ -74,12 +77,12 @@ public:
     const char* ascii() const {
 	const char* names[] = {
 	    // Leading spaces indicate it can't be disabled.
-	    " SUPPRESS", " FATAL", " ERROR",
+	    " SUPPRESS", " INFO", " FATAL", " ERROR",
 	     "MULTITOP", "TASKNSVAR",
 	    " FIRST_WARN",
 	    "BLKANDNBLK",
-	    "CASEINCOMPLETE", "CASEOVERLAP", "CASEX", "CMPCONST",
-	    "COMBDLY", "STMTDLY", "GENCLK", "IMPLICIT", "IMPURE",
+	    "CASEINCOMPLETE", "CASEOVERLAP", "CASEWITHX", "CASEX", "CMPCONST",
+	    "COMBDLY", "STMTDLY", "GENCLK", "IMPERFECTSCH", "IMPLICIT", "IMPURE",
 	    "MULTIDRIVEN", "REDEFMACRO",
 	    "UNDRIVEN", "UNOPT", "UNOPTFLAT", "UNSIGNED", "UNUSED",
 	    "VARHIDDEN", "WIDTH", "WIDTHCONCAT",
@@ -87,6 +90,8 @@ public:
 	};
 	return names[m_e];
     };
+    // Warnings that default to off
+    bool defaultsOff() const { return ( m_e==IMPERFECTSCH );};
     // Warnings that warn about nasty side effects
     bool dangerous() const { return ( m_e==COMBDLY );};
     // Warnings we'll present to the user as errors
@@ -94,7 +99,8 @@ public:
     bool pretendError() const { return ( m_e==BLKANDNBLK || m_e==IMPURE); };
     // Warnings that are lint only
     bool lintError() const { return ( m_e==CASEINCOMPLETE || m_e==CASEOVERLAP
-				      || m_e==CASEX || m_e==CMPCONST
+				      || m_e==CASEWITHX || m_e==CASEX
+				      || m_e==CMPCONST
 				      || m_e==IMPLICIT
 				      || m_e==UNDRIVEN || m_e==UNSIGNED
 				      || m_e==UNUSED || m_e==VARHIDDEN
@@ -159,6 +165,7 @@ inline void v3errorEnd(ostringstream& sstr) { V3Error::v3errorEnd(sstr); }
 
 // These allow errors using << operators: v3error("foo"<<"bar");
 // Careful, you can't put () around msg, as you would in most macro definitions
+#define v3info(msg)  v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::INFO)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3fatal(msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::FATAL)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3error(msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::ERROR)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
 #define v3warn(code,msg) v3errorEnd(((V3Error::v3errorPrep(V3ErrorCode::code)<<msg),V3Error::v3errorStr()));
@@ -203,7 +210,7 @@ protected:
 public:
     FileLine (const string& filename, int lineno) { m_lineno=lineno; m_filename = filename; m_warnOff=s_defaultFileLine.m_warnOff; }
     FileLine (FileLine* fromp) { m_lineno=fromp->lineno(); m_filename = fromp->filename(); m_warnOff=fromp->m_warnOff; }
-    FileLine (EmptySecret) { m_lineno=0; m_filename="COMMAND_LINE"; m_warnOff=0; }
+    FileLine (EmptySecret);
     ~FileLine() { }
 #ifdef VL_LEAK_CHECKS
     static void* operator new(size_t size);
@@ -218,9 +225,10 @@ public:
     const string profileFuncname() const;
     void warnOff(V3ErrorCode code, bool flag) { m_warnOff.set(code,flag); }	// Turn on/off warning messages on this line.
     bool warnOff(const string& code, bool flag);  // Returns 1 if ok
-    bool warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code);
+    bool warnIsOff(V3ErrorCode code) const;
     void warnLintOff(bool flag);
     void warnStateFrom(const FileLine& from) { m_warnOff=from.m_warnOff; }
+    void warnStateInherit(const FileLine& from);
     void warnResetDefault() { warnStateFrom(s_defaultFileLine); }
 
     void	v3errorEnd(ostringstream& str);

src/V3Expand.cpp

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ private:
 	// Return equation to get the VL_BITWORD of a constant or non-constant
 	if (lsbp->castConst()) {
 	    return new AstConst (lsbp->fileline(),
-				 wordAdder + VL_BITWORD_I(lsbp->castConst()->asInt()));
+				 wordAdder + VL_BITWORD_I(lsbp->castConst()->toUInt()));
 	} else {
 	    AstNode* shiftp = new AstShiftR (lsbp->fileline(),
 					     lsbp->cloneTree(true),
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ private:
 	// Return equation to get the VL_BITBIT of a constant or non-constant
 	if (lsbp->castConst()) {
 	    return new AstConst (lsbp->fileline(),
-				 VL_BITBIT_I(lsbp->castConst()->asInt()));
+				 VL_BITBIT_I(lsbp->castConst()->toUInt()));
 	} else {
 	    return new AstAnd   (lsbp->fileline(),
 				 new AstConst(lsbp->fileline(), VL_WORDSIZE-1),
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ private:
 		UINFO(8,"    REPLICATE "<<nodep<<endl);
 		AstConst* constp = nodep->rhsp()->castConst();
 		if (!constp) nodep->v3fatalSrc("Replication value isn't a constant.  Checked earlier!");
-		uint32_t times = constp->asInt();
+		uint32_t times = constp->toUInt();
 		if (nodep->isQuad() && !lhsp->isQuad()) lhsp = new AstCast(nodep->fileline(), lhsp, nodep);
 		newp = lhsp->cloneTree(true);
 		for (unsigned repnum=1; repnum<times; repnum++) {
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ private:
 	int lhswidth = lhsp->widthMin();
 	AstConst* constp = rhsp->rhsp()->castConst();
 	if (!constp) rhsp->v3fatalSrc("Replication value isn't a constant.  Checked earlier!");
-	uint32_t times = constp->asInt();
+	uint32_t times = constp->toUInt();
 	for (int w=0; w<rhsp->widthWords(); w++) {
 	    AstNode* newp;
 	    if (lhswidth==1) {

src/V3File.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ void V3File::createMakeDir() {
 // V3OutFile: A class for printing to a file, with automatic indentation of C++ code.
 
 V3OutFile::V3OutFile(const string& filename)
-    : m_lineno(1), m_column(0), m_nobreak(false), m_prependIndent(true), m_indentLevel(0)
+    : m_filename(filename), m_lineno(1), m_column(0)
+    , m_nobreak(false), m_prependIndent(true), m_indentLevel(0)
     , m_declSAlign(0), m_declNSAlign(0), m_declPadNum(0) {
     if ((m_fp = V3File::new_fopen_w(filename.c_str())) == NULL) {
 	v3fatal("Cannot write "<<filename);

src/V3File.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
 #include "V3Error.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <stack>
 #include <set>
 #include <fstream>
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ public:
 private:
     // MEMBERS
     FILE*	m_fp;
+    string	m_filename;
     int		m_lineno;
     int		m_column;
     int		m_nobreak;	// Basic operator or begin paren, don't break next
@@ -120,8 +121,9 @@ public:
     bool tokenStart(const char* cp, const char* cmp);
     bool tokenEnd(const char* cp);
     void indentInc() { m_indentLevel += INDBLK; };
-    void indentDec() { m_indentLevel -= INDBLK;
-       UASSERT(m_indentLevel>=0,"Underflow of indentation\n");
+    void indentDec() {
+	m_indentLevel -= INDBLK;
+	UASSERT(m_indentLevel>=0, ": "<<m_filename<<": Underflow of indentation\n");
     }
     void blockInc() { m_parenVec.push(m_indentLevel + INDBLK); }
     void blockDec() { if (!m_parenVec.empty()) m_parenVec.pop(); }

src/V3Gate.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iomanip>

src/V3GenClk.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"

src/V3Graph.cpp

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3GraphAcyc.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3GraphAlg.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3GraphDfa.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stack>
 #include <map>

src/V3GraphTest.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"

src/V3Hashed.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Inline.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@ private:
 		    m_modp->addStmtp(new AstAssignAlias(nodep->fileline(),
 							new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), nodep, true),
 							new AstVarRef(nodep->fileline(), exprvarrefp->varp(), false)));
+		    nodep->fileline()->warnStateInherit(exprvarrefp->varp()->fileline());
+		    exprvarrefp->varp()->fileline()->warnStateInherit(nodep->fileline());
 		}
 	    }
 	    // Variable under the inline cell, need to rename to avoid conflicts

src/V3Inst.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Life.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3LifePost.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"

src/V3Link.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ private:
     //   AstNodeFTask::userp()	// V3SymTable*    Local Symbol table
     //   AstBegin::userp()	// V3SymTable*    Local Symbol table
     //   AstVar::userp()	// V3SymTable*    Table used to create this variable
+    //   AstVar::user2p()	// bool		  True if port set for this variable
 
     // ENUMS
     enum IdState {		// Which loop through the tree
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ private:
     // STATE
     // Below state needs to be preserved between each module call.
     AstModule*	m_modp;		// Current module
+    AstNodeFTask* m_ftaskp;	// Current function/task
     IdState	m_idState;	// Id linking mode (find or resolve)
     int		m_paramNum;	// Parameter number, for position based connection
     V3SymTable* m_curVarsp;	// Symbol table of variables and tasks under table we're inserting into
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ private:
     // VISITs
     virtual void visit(AstNetlist* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	AstNode::userClearTree();
+	AstNode::user2ClearTree();
 	// Look at all modules, and store pointers to all module names
 	for (AstModule* modp = v3Global.rootp()->modulesp(); modp; modp=modp->nextp()->castModule()) {
 	    V3SymTable* symp = new V3SymTable(NULL);
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@ private:
 		    if ((findvarp->isIO() && nodep->isSignal())
 			|| (findvarp->isSignal() && nodep->isIO())) {
 			findvarp->combineType(nodep);
+			findvarp->fileline()->warnStateInherit(nodep->fileline());
 			nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree(); nodep=NULL;
 		    } else {
 			nodep->v3error("Duplicate declaration of signal: "<<nodep->prettyName());
@@ -188,6 +192,11 @@ private:
 		}
 	    }
 	}
+	if (m_idState==ID_RESOLVE) {
+	    if (nodep->isIO() && !m_ftaskp && !nodep->user2()) {
+		nodep->v3error("Input/output/inout does not appear in port list: "<<nodep->prettyName());
+	    }
+	}
     }
     virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// VarRef: Resolve its reference
@@ -235,7 +244,9 @@ private:
 		    m_curVarsp->insert(newvarp->name(), newvarp);
 		}
 	    }
+	    m_ftaskp = nodep;
 	    nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	    m_ftaskp = NULL;
 	}
 	m_curVarsp = upperVarsp;
 	if (m_idState==ID_FIND) {
@@ -335,6 +346,7 @@ private:
 		nodep->v3error("Pin is not a in/out/inout: "<<nodep->prettyName());
 	    } else {
 		m_curVarsp->insert("__pinNumber"+cvtToStr(nodep->pinNum()), refp);
+		refp->user2(true);
 	    }
 	    // Ports not needed any more
 	    nodep->unlinkFrBack()->deleteTree();  nodep=NULL;
@@ -421,6 +433,7 @@ public:
 	m_curVarsp = NULL;
 	m_cellVarsp = NULL;
 	m_modp = NULL;
+	m_ftaskp = NULL;
 	m_paramNum = 0;
 	m_beginNum = 0;
 	//

src/V3LinkCells.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3LinkDot.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>

src/V3LinkLValue.cpp

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -108,6 +108,48 @@ private:
 	}
 	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstFFlush* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
+	{
+	    m_setRefLvalue = true;
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	}
+	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetC* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
+	{
+	    m_setRefLvalue = true;
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	}
+	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetS* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
+	{
+	    m_setRefLvalue = true;
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	    nodep->strgp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	}
+	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
+	{
+	    m_setRefLvalue = true;
+	    nodep->filep()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	    nodep->exprsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	}
+	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
+	{
+	    m_setRefLvalue = true;
+	    nodep->exprsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
+	}
+	m_setRefLvalue = last_setRefLvalue;
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstReadMem* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	bool last_setRefLvalue = m_setRefLvalue;
 	{
@@ -157,6 +199,27 @@ private:
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	m_ftaskp = NULL;
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstNodeFTaskRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	AstNode* pinp = nodep->pinsp();
+	AstNodeFTask* taskp = nodep->taskp();
+	// We'll deal with mismatching pins later
+	if (!taskp) return;
+	for (AstNode* stmtp = taskp->stmtsp(); stmtp && pinp; stmtp=stmtp->nextp()) {
+	    if (AstVar* portp = stmtp->castVar()) {
+		if (portp->isIO()) {
+		    if (portp->isInput()) {
+			pinp->iterateAndNext(*this);
+		    } else {  // Output or Inout
+			m_setRefLvalue = true;
+			pinp->iterateAndNext(*this);
+			m_setRefLvalue = false;
+		    }
+		    // Advance pin
+		    pinp = pinp->nextp();
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
 
     virtual void visit(AstNode* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	// Default: Just iterate

src/V3LinkLevel.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3LinkParse.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ private:
 		m_dotText = "";
 		nodep->lhsp()->iterateAndNext(*this);
 		if (AstConst* constp = nodep->rhsp()->castConst()) {
-		    m_dotText = m_dotText+"__BRA__"+cvtToStr(constp->asInt())+"__KET__";
+		    string index = AstNode::encodeNumber(constp->toSInt());
+		    m_dotText = m_dotText+"__BRA__"+index+"__KET__";
 		} else {
 		    nodep->v3error("Unsupported: Non-constant inside []'s in the cell part of a dotted reference");
 		}

src/V3LinkResolve.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ private:
 	AstNode* widthp;
 	if (msbp->castConst() && lsbp->castConst()) {
 	    // Quite common, save V3Const some effort
-	    V3Number widnum (msbp->fileline(),32,msbp->castConst()->asInt() +1-lsbp->castConst()->asInt());
+	    V3Number widnum (msbp->fileline(),32,msbp->castConst()->toSInt() +1-lsbp->castConst()->toSInt());
 	    widnum.width(32,false);  // Unsized so width from user
 	    widthp = new AstConst (msbp->fileline(), widnum);
 	    pushDeletep(msbp);
@@ -312,10 +312,48 @@ private:
 	}
     }
 
+    void expectFormat(AstNode* nodep, const string& format, AstNode* argp, bool isScan) {
+	// Check display arguments
+	bool inPct = false;
+	for (const char* inp = format.c_str(); *inp; inp++) {
+	    char ch = tolower(*inp);   // Breaks with iterators...
+	    if (!inPct && ch=='%') {
+		inPct = true;
+	    } else if (inPct) {
+		inPct = false;
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		    inPct = true;
+		    break;
+		case '%': break;  // %% - just output a %
+		case 'm':  // %m - auto insert "name"
+		    if (isScan) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: %m in $fscanf");
+		    break;
+		default:  // Most operators, just move to next argument
+		    if (!V3Number::displayedFmtLegal(ch)) {
+			nodep->v3error("Unknown $display format code: %"<<ch);
+		    } else {
+			if (!argp) {
+			    nodep->v3error("Missing arguments for $display format");
+			} else {
+			    argp = argp->nextp();
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		} // switch
+	    }
+	}
+	if (argp) {
+	    argp->v3error("Extra arguments for $display format\n");
+	}
+    }
+
     void expectDescriptor(AstNode* nodep, AstNodeVarRef* filep) {
-	if (!filep) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: $fopen/$fclose descriptor must be a simple variable");
+	if (!filep) nodep->v3error("Unsupported: $fopen/$fclose/$f* descriptor must be a simple variable");
 	if (filep && filep->varp()) filep->varp()->attrFileDescr(true);
     }
+
     virtual void visit(AstFOpen* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
@@ -324,9 +362,37 @@ private:
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
     }
+    virtual void visit(AstFEof* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFFlush* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	if (nodep->filep()) {
+	    expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+	}
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetC* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetS* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+	expectFormat(nodep, nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp(), true);
+    }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	expectFormat(nodep, nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp(), true);
+    }
     virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (nodep->filep()) expectDescriptor(nodep, nodep->filep()->castNodeVarRef());
+	expectFormat(nodep, nodep->text(), nodep->exprsp(), false);
 	if (!m_assertp
 	    && (nodep->displayType() == AstDisplayType::INFO
 		|| nodep->displayType() == AstDisplayType::WARNING

src/V3Localize.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <vector>
 

src/V3Name.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 

src/V3Number.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 
 #include <config_build.h>
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include "V3Number.h"
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ void V3Number::init (FileLine* fileline, int swidth) {
     m_fileline = fileline;
     m_signed = false;
     m_autoExtend = false;
+    m_fromString = false;
     width(swidth);
     for (int i=0; i<words(); i++) m_value[i]=m_valueX[i] = 0;
 }
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ void V3Number::init (FileLine* fileline, int swidth) {
 V3Number::V3Number(VerilogString, FileLine* fileline, const string& str) {
     // Create a number using a verilog string as the value, thus 8 bits per character.
     init(fileline, str.length()*8);
+    m_fromString = true;
     for (unsigned pos=0; pos<str.length(); ++pos) {
 	int topos = str.length()-1-pos;
 	for (int bit=0; bit<8; ++bit) {
@@ -143,14 +145,14 @@ V3Number::V3Number (FileLine* fileline, const char* sourcep) {
 		olen++;
 		break;
 	    }
-	    case 'z': {
+	    case 'z': case '?': {
 		if (olen) m_fileline->v3error("Multi-digit X/Z/? not legal in decimal constant: "<<*cp);
 		if (!m_sized)  m_fileline->v3error("Unsized X/Z/? not legal in decimal constant: "<<*cp);
 		olen++;
 		setAllBitsZ();
 		break;
 	    }
-	    case 'x': case '?': {
+	    case 'x': {
 		if (olen) m_fileline->v3error("Multi-digit X/Z/? not legal in decimal constant: "<<*cp);
 		if (!m_sized)  m_fileline->v3error("Unsized X/Z/? not legal in decimal constant: "<<*cp);
 		olen++;
@@ -181,9 +183,8 @@ V3Number::V3Number (FileLine* fileline, const char* sourcep) {
 		switch(tolower(*cp)) {
 		case '0': setBit(obit++, 0); break;
 		case '1': setBit(obit++, 1); break;
-		case 'z': setBit(obit++, 'z'); break;
-		case 'x': case '?':
-		    setBit(obit++, 'x'); break;
+		case 'z': case '?': setBit(obit++, 'z'); break;
+		case 'x': setBit(obit++, 'x'); break;
 		case '_': break;
 		default:
 		    m_fileline->v3error("Illegal character in binary constant: "<<*cp);
@@ -202,8 +203,9 @@ V3Number::V3Number (FileLine* fileline, const char* sourcep) {
 		case '5': setBit(obit++, 1); setBit(obit++, 0);  setBit(obit++, 1);  break;
 		case '6': setBit(obit++, 0); setBit(obit++, 1);  setBit(obit++, 1);  break;
 		case '7': setBit(obit++, 1); setBit(obit++, 1);  setBit(obit++, 1);  break;
-		case 'z': setBit(obit++, 'z'); setBit(obit++, 'z');  setBit(obit++, 'z');  break;
-		case 'x': case '?':
+		case 'z': case '?':
+		    setBit(obit++, 'z'); setBit(obit++, 'z');  setBit(obit++, 'z');  break;
+		case 'x':
 		    setBit(obit++, 'x'); setBit(obit++, 'x');  setBit(obit++, 'x');  break;
 		case '_': break;
 		default:
@@ -230,8 +232,9 @@ V3Number::V3Number (FileLine* fileline, const char* sourcep) {
 		case 'd': setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,0); setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); break;
 		case 'e': setBit(obit++,0); setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); break;
 		case 'f': setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); setBit(obit++,1); break;
-		case 'z': setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); break;
-		case 'x': case '?':
+		case 'z': case '?': 
+		    setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); setBit(obit++,'z'); break;
+		case 'x':
 		    setBit(obit++,'x'); setBit(obit++,'x'); setBit(obit++,'x'); setBit(obit++,'x'); break;
 		case '_':  break;
 		default:
@@ -345,6 +348,22 @@ string V3Number::ascii(bool prefixed, bool cleanVerilog) const {
     return out.str();
 }
 
+bool V3Number::displayedFmtLegal(char format) {
+    // Is this a valid format letter?
+    switch (tolower(format)) {
+    case 'b': return true;
+    case 'c': return true;
+    case 'd': return true; // Unsigned decimal
+    case 'h': return true;
+    case 'o': return true;
+    case 's': return true;
+    case 't': return true;
+    case 'x': return true;
+    case '~': return true; // Signed decimal
+    default: return false;
+    }
+}
+
 string V3Number::displayed(const string& vformat) const {
     string::const_iterator pos = vformat.begin();
     UASSERT(pos != vformat.end() && pos[0]=='%', "display with non format argument "<<*this);
@@ -412,7 +431,7 @@ string V3Number::displayed(const string& vformat) const {
 	return str;
     }
     case '~': // Signed decimal
-    case 't':
+    case 't': // Time
     case 'd': { // Unsigned decimal
 	bool issigned = (code == '~');
 	if (fmtsize == "") {
@@ -427,9 +446,9 @@ string V3Number::displayed(const string& vformat) const {
 	    return "ERR";
 	}
 	if (issigned) {
-	    str = cvtToStr(asSQuad());
+	    str = cvtToStr(toSQuad());
 	} else {
-	    str = cvtToStr(asQuad());
+	    str = cvtToStr(toUQuad());
 	}
 	int intfmtsize = atoi(fmtsize.c_str());
 	while ((int)(str.length()) < intfmtsize) str = " "+str;
@@ -444,34 +463,40 @@ string V3Number::displayed(const string& vformat) const {
 //======================================================================
 // ACCESSORS - as numbers
 
-uint32_t V3Number::asInt() const {
-    UASSERT(!isFourState(),"asInt with 4-state "<<*this);
+uint32_t V3Number::toUInt() const {
+    UASSERT(!isFourState(),"toUInt with 4-state "<<*this);
     UASSERT((width()<33 || (width()<65 && m_value[1]==0)), "Value too wide "<<*this);
     return m_value[0];
 }
 
-vlsint32_t V3Number::asSInt() const {
-    uint32_t v = asInt();
+vlsint32_t V3Number::toSInt() const {
+    if (isSigned()) {
+	uint32_t v = toUInt();
 	uint32_t signExtend = (-(v & (1UL<<(width()-1))));
 	uint32_t extended = v | signExtend;
 	return (vlsint32_t)(extended);
+    } else {
+	// Where we use this (widths, etc) and care about signedness,
+	// we can reasonably assume the MSB isn't set on unsigned numbers.
+	return (vlsint32_t)toUInt();
+    }
 }
 
-vluint64_t V3Number::asQuad() const {
-    UASSERT(!isFourState(),"asQuad with 4-state "<<*this);
+vluint64_t V3Number::toUQuad() const {
+    UASSERT(!isFourState(),"toUQuad with 4-state "<<*this);
     UASSERT(width()<65, "Value too wide "<<*this);
-    if (width()<=32) return ((vluint64_t)(asInt()));
+    if (width()<=32) return ((vluint64_t)(toUInt()));
     return ((vluint64_t)m_value[1]<<VL_ULL(32)) | ((vluint64_t)m_value[0]);
 }
 
-vlsint64_t V3Number::asSQuad() const {
-    vluint64_t v = asQuad();
+vlsint64_t V3Number::toSQuad() const {
+    vluint64_t v = toUQuad();
     vluint64_t signExtend = (-(v & (VL_ULL(1)<<(width()-1))));
     vluint64_t extended = v | signExtend;
     return (vlsint64_t)(extended);
 }
 
-uint32_t V3Number::asHash() const {
+uint32_t V3Number::toHash() const {
     return m_value[0];
 }
 
@@ -506,6 +531,12 @@ bool V3Number::isEqAllOnes(int optwidth) const {
     }
     return true;
 }
+bool V3Number::isUnknown() const {
+    for(int bit=0; bit<width(); bit++) {
+	if (bitIsX(bit)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 
 int V3Number::minWidth() const {
     for(int bit=width()-1; bit>0; bit--) {
@@ -609,10 +640,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opCountOnes (const V3Number& lhs) {
     return *this;
 }
 V3Number& V3Number::opIsUnknown (const V3Number& lhs) {
-    for(int bit=0; bit<lhs.width(); bit++) {
-	if (lhs.bitIsX(bit)) return setSingleBits(1);
-    }
-    return setSingleBits(0);
+    return setSingleBits(lhs.isUnknown());
 }
 V3Number& V3Number::opOneHot (const V3Number& lhs) {
     if (lhs.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
@@ -731,7 +759,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opRepl (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {	// rhs i
     // Hopefully the using routine has a error check too.
     // See also error in V3Width
     if (!lhs.sized()) m_fileline->v3warn(WIDTHCONCAT,"Unsized numbers/parameters not allowed in replications.");
-    return opRepl(lhs, rhs.asInt());
+    return opRepl(lhs, rhs.toUInt());
 }
 
 V3Number& V3Number::opRepl (const V3Number& lhs, uint32_t rhsval) {	// rhs is # of times to replicate
@@ -917,7 +945,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opShiftR (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     // L(lhs) bit return
     if (rhs.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
     setZero();
-    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.asInt();
+    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.toUInt();
     for (int bit=0; bit<this->width(); bit++) {
 	setBit(bit,lhs.bitIs(bit + rhsval));
     }
@@ -930,7 +958,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opShiftRS (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     // We presume it is signed; as that's V3Signed's job to convert to opShiftR
     if (rhs.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
     setZero();
-    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.asInt();
+    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.toUInt();
     for (int bit=0; bit<this->width(); bit++) {
 	setBit(bit,lhs.bitIsExtend(bit + rhsval));
     }
@@ -940,7 +968,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opShiftRS (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
 V3Number& V3Number::opShiftL (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     // L(lhs) bit return
     if (rhs.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
-    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.asInt();
+    uint32_t rhsval = rhs.toUInt();
     setZero();
     for (int bit=0; bit<this->width(); bit++) {
 	if (bit >= (int)rhsval) {
@@ -989,7 +1017,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opMul (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     if (lhs.isFourState() || rhs.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
     setZero();
     if (width() <= 64) {
-	setQuad(lhs.asQuad() * rhs.asQuad());
+	setQuad(lhs.toUQuad() * rhs.toUQuad());
 	opCleanThis();   // Mult produces extra bits in result
     } else {
 	for (int lword=0; lword<lhs.words(); lword++) {
@@ -1026,7 +1054,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opDiv (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     if (rhs.isEqZero()) return setAllBitsX();
     if (lhs.width()>64) m_fileline->v3fatalSrc("Unsupported: Large / math not implemented yet: "<<*this);
     if (rhs.width()>64) m_fileline->v3fatalSrc("Unsupported: Large / math not implemented yet: "<<*this);
-    setQuad(lhs.asQuad() / rhs.asQuad());
+    setQuad(lhs.toUQuad() / rhs.toUQuad());
     return *this;
 }
 V3Number& V3Number::opDivS (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
@@ -1050,7 +1078,7 @@ V3Number& V3Number::opModDiv (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
     if (rhs.isEqZero()) return setAllBitsX();
     if (lhs.width()>64) m_fileline->v3fatalSrc("Unsupported: Large % math not implemented yet: "<<*this);
     if (rhs.width()>64) m_fileline->v3fatalSrc("Unsupported: Large % math not implemented yet: "<<*this);
-    setQuad(lhs.asQuad() % rhs.asQuad());
+    setQuad(lhs.toUQuad() % rhs.toUQuad());
     return *this;
 }
 V3Number& V3Number::opModDivS (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs) {
@@ -1131,7 +1159,7 @@ void V3Number::opCleanThis() {
 
 V3Number& V3Number::opRange (const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& msb, const V3Number& lsb) {
     if (lsb.isFourState() || msb.isFourState()) return setAllBitsX();
-    return opRange(lhs, msb.asInt(), lsb.asInt());
+    return opRange(lhs, msb.toUInt(), lsb.toUInt());
 }
 
 V3Number& V3Number::opRange (const V3Number& lhs, uint32_t msbval, uint32_t lsbval) {

src/V3Number.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class V3Number {
     int		m_width;	// Width as specified/calculated.
     bool	m_sized:1;	// True if the user specified the width, else we track it.
     bool	m_signed:1;	// True if signed value
+    bool	m_fromString:1;	// True if from string
     bool	m_autoExtend:1;	// True if SystemVerilog extend-to-any-width
     FileLine*	m_fileline;
     vector<uint32_t>	m_value;	// The Value, with bit 0 being in bit 0 of this vector (unless X/Z)
@@ -119,10 +120,12 @@ public:
     // ACCESSORS
     string ascii(bool prefixed=true, bool cleanVerilog=false) const;
     string displayed(const string& format) const;
+    static bool displayedFmtLegal(char format);  // Is this a valid format letter?
     int width() const { return m_width; }
     int minWidth() const;	// Minimum width that can represent this number (~== log2(num)+1)
     bool sized() const { return m_sized; }
     bool autoExtend() const { return m_autoExtend; }
+    bool isFromString() const { return m_fromString; }
     bool isSigned() const { return m_signed; }	// Only correct for parsing of numbers from strings, otherwise not used (use AstConst::isSigned())
     bool isNegative() const { return bitIs1(width()-1); }
     bool isFourState() const { for (int i=0;i<words();i++) {if (m_valueX[i]) return true;} return false; }
@@ -133,11 +136,12 @@ public:
     bool isCaseEq(const V3Number& rhsp) const;  // operator==
     void width(int width, bool sized=true);
     void isSigned(bool ssigned) { m_signed=ssigned; }
-    uint32_t asInt() const;
-    vlsint32_t asSInt() const;
-    vluint64_t asQuad() const;
-    vlsint64_t asSQuad() const;
-    uint32_t asHash() const;
+    bool isUnknown() const;
+    uint32_t toUInt() const;
+    vlsint32_t toSInt() const;
+    vluint64_t toUQuad() const;
+    vlsint64_t toSQuad() const;
+    uint32_t toHash() const;
     uint32_t dataWord(int word) const;
     uint32_t countOnes() const;
     uint32_t mostSetBitP1() const;	// Highest bit set plus one, IE for 16 return 5, for 0 return 0.

src/V3Number_test.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <config_build.h>
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include "V3Number.h"
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void test(string lhss, string op, string rhss, string exps) {
 
     V3Number ok (new FileLine("ck",__LINE__), 1);
     ok.opCaseEq(expnum,gotnum);
-    if (ok.asInt()!=1) {
+    if (ok.toUInt()!=1) {
 	v3fatalSrc("%Error:Test FAILED\n");
     }
 }

src/V3Options.cpp

@@ -95,6 +95,15 @@ void V3Options::addCppFile(const string& filename) {
 	m_cppFiles.insert(filename);
     }
 }
+void V3Options::addFuture(const string& flag) {
+    if (m_futures.find(flag) == m_futures.end()) {
+	m_futures.insert(flag);
+    }
+}
+bool V3Options::isFuture(const string& flag) const {
+    return m_futures.find(flag) != m_futures.end();
+}
+
 void V3Options::addLibraryFile(const string& filename) {
     if (m_libraryFiles.find(filename) == m_libraryFiles.end()) {
 	m_libraryFiles.insert(filename);
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ string V3Options::allArgsString() {
 
 V3LangCode::V3LangCode (const char* textp) {
     // Return code for given string, or ERROR, which is a bad code
-    for (int codei=V3LangCode::ERROR; codei<V3LangCode::MAX; codei++) {
+    for (int codei=V3LangCode::ERROR; codei<V3LangCode::MAX; ++codei) {
 	V3LangCode code = (V3LangCode)codei;
 	if (0==strcasecmp(textp,code.ascii())) {
 	    m_e = code; return;
@@ -168,6 +177,30 @@ string V3Options::filenameNonExt (const string& filename) {
     return base;
 }
 
+string V3Options::filenameSubstitute (const string& filename) {
+    string out;
+    for (string::size_type pos = 0; pos < filename.length(); ++pos) {
+	if (filename[pos] == '$') {
+	    string::size_type endpos = pos+1;
+	    while ((endpos+1) < filename.length()
+		   && (isalnum(filename[endpos+1]) || filename[endpos+1]=='_'))
+		++endpos;
+	    string envvar = filename.substr(pos+1,endpos-pos);
+	    const char* envvalue = NULL;
+	    if (envvar != "") envvalue = getenv(envvar.c_str());
+	    if (envvalue) {
+		out += envvalue;
+		pos = endpos;
+	    } else {
+		out += filename[pos];  // *pos == '$'
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    out += filename[pos];
+	}
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
 bool V3Options::fileStatDir(const string& filename) {
     struct stat	m_stat;		// Stat information
     int err = stat(filename.c_str(), &m_stat);
@@ -397,7 +430,7 @@ bool V3Options::wildmatch(const char* s, const char* p) {
 
 string V3Options::downcase(const string& str) {
     string out = str;
-    for (string::iterator pos = out.begin(); pos != out.end(); pos++) {
+    for (string::iterator pos = out.begin(); pos != out.end(); ++pos) {
 	*pos = tolower(*pos);
     }
     return out;
@@ -421,7 +454,7 @@ string V3Options::version() {
 string V3Options::argString (int argc, char** argv) {
     // Return list of arguments as simple string
     string opts;
-    for (int i=0; i<argc; i++)  {
+    for (int i=0; i<argc; ++i)  {
 	if (i!=0) opts += " ";
 	opts += string(argv[i]);
     }
@@ -469,7 +502,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
     // Parse parameters
     // Note argc and argv DO NOT INCLUDE the filename in [0]!!!
     // May be called recursively when there are -f files.
-    for (int i=0; i<argc; i++)  {
+    for (int i=0; i<argc; ++i)  {
 	addArg(argv[i]);	// -f's really should be inserted in the middle, but this is for debug
     }
 #define shift { ++i; }
@@ -481,7 +514,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 		addDefine (string (sw+strlen("+define+")));
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "+incdir+", 8)) {
-		addIncDir (string (sw+strlen("+incdir+")));
+		addIncDir (filenameSubstitute(string (sw+strlen("+incdir+"))));
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "+libext+", 8)) {
 		string exts = string(sw+strlen("+libext+"));
@@ -503,7 +536,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    char *sw = argv[i];
 	    bool flag = true;
 	    // Allow gnu -- switches
-	    if (sw[0]=='-' && sw[1]=='-') sw++;
+	    if (sw[0]=='-' && sw[1]=='-') ++sw;
 	    // Switch tests
 	    if ( !strcmp (sw, "-debug") ) {
 		setDebugMode(3);
@@ -551,7 +584,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-v") ) {
 		shift;
-		V3Options::addLibraryFile(argv[i]);
+		V3Options::addLibraryFile(filenameSubstitute(argv[i]));
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-version") ) {
 		cout <<version();
@@ -563,6 +596,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-MMD", flag/*ref*/) )	{ m_makeDepend = flag; }
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-MP", flag/*ref*/) )	{ m_makePhony = flag; }
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-assert", flag/*ref*/) )	{ m_assert = flag; m_psl = flag; }
+	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-autoflush", flag/*ref*/) )	{ m_autoflush = flag; }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-cc") )			{ m_outFormatOk = true; m_systemC = false; m_systemPerl = false; }
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-coverage", flag/*ref*/) )	{ coverage(flag); }
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-coverage-line", flag/*ref*/) ){ m_coverageLine = flag; }
@@ -589,7 +623,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    else if ( onoff   (sw, "-underline-zero", flag/*ref*/) )	{ m_underlineZero = flag; }
 	    // Optimization
 	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-O", 2) ) {
-		for (char* cp=sw+strlen("-O"); *cp; cp++) {
+		for (char* cp=sw+strlen("-O"); *cp; ++cp) {
 		    flag = isupper(*cp);
 		    switch (tolower(*cp)) {
 		    case '0': optimize(0); break; // 0=all off
@@ -630,6 +664,22 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-U", 2)) {
 		V3PreShell::undef (string (sw+strlen("-U")));
 	    }
+	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-Werror-",strlen("-Werror-")) )	{
+		string msg = sw+strlen("-Werror-");
+		V3ErrorCode code (msg.c_str());
+		if (code == V3ErrorCode::ERROR) {
+		    if (!isFuture(msg)) {
+			fl->v3fatal("Unknown warning specified: "<<sw);
+		    }
+		} else {
+		    V3Error::pretendError(code, true);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-Wfuture-",strlen("-Wfuture-")) )	{
+		string msg = sw+strlen("-Wfuture-");
+		// Note it may not be a future option, but one that is currently implemented.
+		addFuture(msg);
+	    }
 	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-Wno-",5) )	{
 		if (!strcmp (sw, "-Wno-lint")) {
 		    FileLine::defaultFileLine().warnLintOff(true);
@@ -637,17 +687,19 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 		else {
 		    string msg = sw+strlen("-Wno-");
 		    if (!(FileLine::defaultFileLine().warnOff(msg, true))) {
-			fl->v3fatal("Unknown warning disabled: "<<sw);
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-Werror-",strlen("-Werror-")) )	{
-		string msg = sw+strlen("-Werror-");
-		V3ErrorCode code (msg.c_str());
-		if (code == V3ErrorCode::ERROR) {
 			fl->v3fatal("Unknown warning specified: "<<sw);
-		} else {
-		    V3Error::pretendError(code, true);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if ( !strncmp (sw, "-Wwarn-",5) )	{
+		if (!strcmp (sw, "-Wwarn-lint")) {
+		    FileLine::defaultFileLine().warnLintOff(false);
+		}
+		else {
+		    string msg = sw+strlen("-Wwarn-");
+		    if (!(FileLine::defaultFileLine().warnOff(msg, false))) {
+			fl->v3fatal("Unknown warning specified: "<<sw);
+		    }
 		}
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-bin") && (i+1)<argc ) {
@@ -666,7 +718,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-f") && (i+1)<argc ) {
 		shift;
-		parseOptsFile(fl, argv[i]);
+		parseOptsFile(fl, filenameSubstitute(argv[i]));
 	    }
 	    else if ( !strcmp (sw, "-gdb") && (i+1)<argc ) {
 		shift; // Used only in perl shell
@@ -685,6 +737,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 		shift;
 		if (!strcmp (argv[i], "0")) { m_xAssign="0"; }
 		else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "1")) { m_xAssign="1"; }
+		else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "fast")) { m_xAssign="fast"; }
 		else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "unique")) { m_xAssign="unique"; }
 		else {
 		    fl->v3fatal("Unknown setting for --x-assign: "<<argv[i]);
@@ -700,14 +753,14 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsList(FileLine* fl, int argc, char** argv) {
 	} // - options
 	else {
 	    // Filename
-	    string filename = argv[i];
+	    string filename = filenameSubstitute(argv[i]);
 	    if (filename.find(".cpp") != string::npos
 		|| filename.find(".cxx") != string::npos
 		|| filename.find(".cc") != string::npos
 		|| filename.find(".sp") != string::npos) {
-		V3Options::addCppFile(argv[i]);
+		V3Options::addCppFile(filename);
 	    } else {
-		V3Options::addVFile(argv[i]);
+		V3Options::addVFile(filename);
 	    }
 	    shift;
 	}
@@ -735,17 +788,17 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsFile(FileLine* fl, const string& filename) {
 	getline(*ifp, line);
 	// Strip simple comments
 	string oline;
-	for (string::const_iterator pos = line.begin(); pos != line.end(); pos++) {
+	for (string::const_iterator pos = line.begin(); pos != line.end(); ++pos) {
 	    if (inCmt) {
 		if (*pos=='*' && *(pos+1)=='/') {
 		    inCmt = false;
-		    pos++;
+		    ++pos;
 		}
 	    } else if (*pos=='/' && *(pos+1)=='/') {
 		break;  // Ignore to EOL
 	    } else if (*pos=='/' && *(pos+1)=='*') {
 		inCmt = true;
-		pos++;
+		++pos;
 	    } else {
 		oline += *pos;
 	    }
@@ -768,9 +821,9 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsFile(FileLine* fl, const string& filename) {
     vector<string> args;
     string::size_type startpos = 0;
     while (startpos < whole_file.length()) {
-	while (isspace(whole_file[startpos])) startpos++;
+	while (isspace(whole_file[startpos])) ++startpos;
 	string::size_type endpos = startpos;
-	while (endpos < whole_file.length() && !isspace(whole_file[endpos])) endpos++;
+	while (endpos < whole_file.length() && !isspace(whole_file[endpos])) ++endpos;
 	if (startpos != endpos) {
 	    string arg (whole_file, startpos, endpos-startpos);
 	    args.reserve(args.size()+1);
@@ -781,7 +834,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsFile(FileLine* fl, const string& filename) {
 
     // Convert to argv style arg list and parse them
     char* argv [args.size()+1];
-    for (unsigned i=0; i<args.size(); i++) {
+    for (unsigned i=0; i<args.size(); ++i) {
 	argv[i] = (char*)args[i].c_str();
     }
     parseOptsList(fl, args.size(), argv);
@@ -792,6 +845,7 @@ void V3Options::parseOptsFile(FileLine* fl, const string& filename) {
 V3Options::V3Options() {
     m_impp = new V3OptionsImp;
 
+    m_autoflush = false;
     m_coverageLine = false;
     m_coverageUser = false;
     m_debugCheck = false;
@@ -803,7 +857,7 @@ V3Options::V3Options() {
     m_makeDepend = true;
     m_makePhony = false;
     m_outFormatOk = false;
-    m_pins64 = false;
+    m_pins64 = true;
     m_profileCFuncs = false;
     m_preprocOnly = false;
     m_psl = false;
@@ -830,7 +884,7 @@ V3Options::V3Options() {
     m_makeDir = "obj_dir";
     m_bin = "";
     m_flags = "";
-    m_xAssign = "unique";
+    m_xAssign = "fast";
 
     m_language = V3LangCode::mostRecent();
 

src/V3Options.h

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ class V3Options {
     V3OptionsImp*	m_impp;		// Slow hidden options
 
     V3StringSet	m_cppFiles;	// argument: C++ files to link against
+    V3StringSet	m_futures;	// argument: -Wfuture- list
     V3StringSet	m_libraryFiles;	// argument: Verilog -v files
     V3StringList m_vFiles;	// argument: Verilog files to read
 
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ class V3Options {
     bool	m_makeDepend;	// main switch: -MMD
     bool	m_makePhony;	// main switch: -MP
     bool	m_assert;	// main switch: --assert
+    bool	m_autoflush;	// main switch: --autoflush
     bool	m_coverageLine;	// main switch: --coverage-block
     bool	m_coverageUser;	// main switch: --coverage-func
     bool	m_debugCheck;	// main switch: --debug-check
@@ -150,9 +152,10 @@ class V3Options {
   private:
     // METHODS
     void addArg(const string& incdir);
+    void addDefine(const string& defline);
+    void addFuture(const string& flag);
     void addIncDir(const string& incdir);
     void addLibExt(const string& libext);
-    void addDefine(const string& defline);
     void optimize(int level);
     void coverage(bool flag) { m_coverageLine = m_coverageUser = flag; }
     bool onoff(const char* sw, const char* arg, bool& flag);
@@ -182,6 +185,7 @@ class V3Options {
     bool skipIdentical() const { return m_skipIdentical; }
     bool stats() const { return m_stats; }
     bool assertOn() const { return m_assert; }  // assertOn as "assert" may be defined
+    bool autoflush() const { return m_autoflush; }
     bool coverage() const { return m_coverageUser || m_coverageLine; }
     bool coverageLine() const { return m_coverageLine; }
     bool coverageUser() const { return m_coverageUser; }
@@ -217,11 +221,14 @@ class V3Options {
     string modPrefix() const { return m_modPrefix; }
     string topModule() const { return m_topModule; }
     string xAssign() const { return m_xAssign; }
+
     const V3StringSet& cppFiles() const { return m_cppFiles; }
     const V3StringSet& libraryFiles() const { return m_libraryFiles; }
     const V3StringList& vFiles() const { return m_vFiles; }
     const V3LangCode& language() const { return m_language; }
 
+    bool isFuture(const string& flag) const;
+
     // ACCESSORS (optimization options)
     bool oAcycSimp() const { return m_oAcycSimp; }
     bool oCase() const { return m_oCase; }
@@ -259,6 +266,7 @@ class V3Options {
     static string filenameNonExt (const string& filename);	///< Return non-extensioned (no .) part of filename
     static string filenameNonDirExt (const string& filename) { return filenameNonExt(filenameNonDir(filename)); }	///< Return basename of filename
     static string filenameDir (const string& filename);	///< Return directory part of filename
+    static string filenameSubstitute (const string& filename);	///< Return filename with env vars removed
     static void   unlinkRegexp(const string& dir, const string& regexp);
 
     // METHODS (environment)

src/V3Order.cpp

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ private:
     AstSenTree*		m_deleteDomainp;// Delete this from tree
     AstSenTree*		m_settleDomainp;// Initial activation tree
     OrderInputsVertex*	m_inputsVxp;	// Top level vertex all inputs point from
-    OrderSettleVertex*	m_settleVxp;	// Top level vertex all inputs point from
+    OrderSettleVertex*	m_settleVxp;	// Top level vertex all settlement vertexes point from
     OrderLogicVertex*	m_logicVxp;	// Current statement being tracked, NULL=ignored
     AstTopScope*	m_topScopep;	// Current top scope being processed
     AstScope*		m_scopetopp;	// Scope under TOPSCOPE
@@ -341,6 +341,8 @@ private:
     OrderVarVertex* processInsLoopNewVar(OrderVarVertex* oldVertexp, bool& createdr);
     void processBrokeLoop();
     void processCircular();
+    void processInputs();
+    void processInputsIterate(OrderEitherVertex* vertexp);
     void processSensitive();
     void processDomains();
     void processDomainsIterate(OrderEitherVertex* vertexp);
@@ -927,6 +929,39 @@ void OrderVisitor::processBrokeLoop() {
     }
 }
 
+//######################################################################
+// Clock propagation
+
+void OrderVisitor::processInputs() {
+    m_graph.userClearVertices();  // Vertex::user()   // true if added as begin/end
+    processInputsIterate(m_inputsVxp);
+}
+
+void OrderVisitor::processInputsIterate(OrderEitherVertex* vertexp) {
+    // Propagate PrimaryIn through simple assignments
+    if (vertexp->user()) return;  // Already processed
+    //UINFO(9," InIt "<<vertexp<<endl);
+    vertexp->user(true);
+    if (OrderVarStdVertex* vvertexp = dynamic_cast<OrderVarStdVertex*>(vertexp)) {
+	vvertexp->isFromInput(true);
+    }
+    for (V3GraphEdge* edgep = vertexp->outBeginp(); edgep; edgep=edgep->outNextp()) {
+	OrderEitherVertex* toVertexp = (OrderEitherVertex*)edgep->top();
+	if (OrderVarStdVertex* vvertexp = dynamic_cast<OrderVarStdVertex*>(toVertexp)) {
+	    processInputsIterate(vvertexp);
+	}
+	if (OrderLogicVertex* vvertexp = dynamic_cast<OrderLogicVertex*>(toVertexp)) {
+	    if (AstNodeAssign* nodep = vvertexp->nodep()->castNodeAssign()) {
+		if (nodep->lhsp()->castVarRef()
+		    && nodep->rhsp()->castVarRef()) {
+		    UINFO(9,"   Input reassignment: "<<vvertexp<<endl);
+		    processInputsIterate(vvertexp);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
 //######################################################################
 // Circular detection
 
@@ -936,7 +971,7 @@ void OrderVisitor::processCircular() {
     // The change detect code will use this to force changedets
     for (V3GraphVertex* itp = m_graph.verticesBeginp(); itp; itp=itp->verticesNextp()) {
 	if (OrderVarStdVertex* vvertexp = dynamic_cast<OrderVarStdVertex*>(itp)) {
-	    if (vvertexp->isClock() && !vvertexp->varScp()->varp()->isPrimaryIn()) {
+	    if (vvertexp->isClock() && !vvertexp->isFromInput()) {
 		// If a clock is generated internally, we need to do another loop
 		// through the entire evaluation.  This fixes races; see t_clk_dpulse test.
 		UINFO(5,"Circular Clock "<<vvertexp<<endl);
@@ -947,6 +982,7 @@ void OrderVisitor::processCircular() {
 		if (edgep->weight()==0) { // was cut
 		    OrderEdge* oedgep = dynamic_cast<OrderEdge*>(edgep);
 		    if (!oedgep) vvertexp->varScp()->v3fatalSrc("Cuttable edge not of proper type");
+		    UINFO(6,"      CutCircularO: "<<vvertexp->name()<<endl);
 		    nodeMarkCircular(vvertexp, oedgep);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -954,6 +990,7 @@ void OrderVisitor::processCircular() {
 		if (edgep->weight()==0) { // was cut
 		    OrderEdge* oedgep = dynamic_cast<OrderEdge*>(edgep);
 		    if (!oedgep) vvertexp->varScp()->v3fatalSrc("Cuttable edge not of proper type");
+		    UINFO(6,"      CutCircularI: "<<vvertexp->name()<<endl);
 		    nodeMarkCircular(vvertexp, oedgep);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -1542,6 +1579,9 @@ void OrderVisitor::process() {
     m_graph.order();
     m_graph.dumpDotFilePrefixed("orderg_order");
 
+    UINFO(2,"  Process Clocks...\n");
+    processInputs();  // must be before processCircular
+
 #ifndef NEW_ORDERING
     UINFO(2,"  Process Circulars...\n");
     processCircular();  // must be before processDomains

src/V3OrderGraph.h

@@ -18,6 +18,30 @@
 // GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
 //*************************************************************************
+//  OrderGraph Class Hierarchy:
+//
+//	V3GraphVertex
+//	  OrderMoveVertex
+//	  OrderEitherVertex
+//	    OrderInputsVertex
+//	    OrderSettleVertex
+//	    OrderLogicVertex
+//	      OrderLoopBeginVertex
+//	      OrderLoopEndVertex
+//	    OrderVarVertex
+//	      OrderVarStdVertex
+//	      OrderVarPreVertex
+//	      OrderVarPostVertex
+//	      OrderVarPordVertex
+//	      OrderVarSettleVertex
+//
+//	V3GraphEdge
+//	  OrderEdge
+//	    OrderChangeDetEdge
+//	    OrderComboCutEdge
+//	    OrderPostCutEdge
+//	    OrderPreCutEdge
+//*************************************************************************
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
@@ -168,20 +192,23 @@ public:
 
 class OrderVarVertex : public OrderEitherVertex {
     AstVarScope* m_varScp;
-    bool	 m_isClock;	// Used as clock
     OrderVarVertex*	m_pilNewVertexp;	// for processInsLoopNewVar
+    bool	 m_isClock;	// Used as clock
+    bool	 m_isFromInput;	// From input, or derrived therefrom (conservatively false)
 public:
     OrderVarVertex(V3Graph* graphp, AstScope* scopep, AstVarScope* varScp)
-	: OrderEitherVertex(graphp, scopep, NULL), m_varScp(varScp), m_isClock(false)
-	, m_pilNewVertexp(NULL)
+	: OrderEitherVertex(graphp, scopep, NULL), m_varScp(varScp)
+	, m_pilNewVertexp(NULL), m_isClock(false), m_isFromInput(false)
 	{}
     virtual ~OrderVarVertex() {}
     virtual OrderVarVertex* clone (V3Graph* graphp) const = 0;
     virtual OrderVEdgeType type() const = 0;
     // Accessors
     AstVarScope* varScp() const { return m_varScp; }
-    void isClock(bool clk) { m_isClock=clk; }
+    void isClock(bool flag) { m_isClock=flag; }
     bool isClock() const { return m_isClock; }
+    void isFromInput(bool flag) { m_isFromInput=flag; }
+    bool isFromInput() const { return m_isFromInput; }
     OrderVarVertex* pilNewVertexp() const { return m_pilNewVertexp; }
     void pilNewVertexp (OrderVarVertex* vertexp) { m_pilNewVertexp = vertexp; }
 };

src/V3Param.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>

src/V3PreProc.cpp

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <stack>

src/V3PreShell.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3Premit.cpp

@@ -23,12 +23,15 @@
 //	For each wide OP, make a a temporary variable with the wide value
 //	For each deep expression, assign expression to temporary.
 //
+// Each display (independant transformation; here as Premit is a good point)
+//	If autoflush, insert a flush
+//
 //*************************************************************************
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <list>
@@ -264,6 +267,26 @@ private:
 	checkNode(nodep);
     }
 
+    // Autoflush
+    virtual void visit(AstDisplay* nodep, AstNUser* vup) {
+	startStatement(nodep);
+	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
+	m_stmtp = NULL;
+	if (v3Global.opt.autoflush()) {
+	    AstNode* searchp = nodep->nextp();
+	    while (searchp && searchp->castComment()) searchp = searchp->nextp();
+	    if (searchp
+		&& searchp->castDisplay()
+		&& nodep->filep()->sameTree(searchp->castDisplay()->filep())) {
+		// There's another display next; we can just wait to flush
+	    } else {
+		UINFO(4,"Autoflush "<<nodep<<endl);
+		nodep->addNextHere(new AstFFlush(nodep->fileline(),
+						 nodep->filep()->cloneTree(true)));
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
     //--------------------
     // Default: Just iterate
     virtual void visit(AstVar* nodep, AstNUser*) {}	// Don't hit varrefs under vars

src/V3Read.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fstream>
 
@@ -181,6 +181,9 @@ void V3Read::lexFile(const string& modname) {
 bool V3Read::optPsl() {
     return v3Global.opt.psl();
 }
+bool V3Read::optFuture(const string& flag) {
+    return v3Global.opt.isFuture(flag);
+}
 
 //======================================================================
 // Lex internal functions

src/V3Read.h

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ protected:
     friend class V3PreShellImp;
     int yylexThis();
     static bool optPsl();
+    static bool optFuture(const string& flag);
     static void ppline (const char* text);
     static void incLineno() { s_readp->fileline()->incLineno(); }
     static void verilatorCmtLint(const char* text, bool on);

src/V3Scope.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iomanip>

src/V3SenTree.h

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <algorithm>

src/V3Signed.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstIsUnknown* nodep,AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
     virtual void visit(AstOneHot* nodep,AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
     virtual void visit(AstOneHot0* nodep,AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstFEof* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetC* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstFGetS* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstFScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
+    virtual void visit(AstSScanF* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
     //
     virtual void visit(AstConcat* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
     virtual void visit(AstReplicate* nodep, AstNUser*) {	signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
@@ -102,6 +107,10 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstNeqCase* nodep, AstNUser*){		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
     virtual void visit(AstNeqWild* nodep, AstNUser*){		signed_Ou_Ix(nodep); }
 
+    //========
+    // Signed: Output signed
+    virtual void visit(AstRand* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Os_Ix(nodep); }
+
     //=======
     // Signed: Output signed iff LHS signed; unary operator
     virtual void visit(AstNot* nodep, AstNUser*) {		signed_Olhs(nodep); }

src/V3Split.cpp

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3SplitAs.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>

src/V3Stats.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>

src/V3StatsReport.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>

src/V3Subst.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ private:
 	    if (AstVarRef* varrefp = wordp->lhsp()->castVarRef()) {
 		if (wordp->rhsp()->castConst()
 		    && varrefp->varp()->isStatementTemp()) {
-		    int word = wordp->rhsp()->castConst()->asInt();
+		    int word = wordp->rhsp()->castConst()->toUInt();
 		    SubstVarEntry* entryp = getEntryp(varrefp);
 		    hit = true;
 		    if (m_ops > SUBST_MAX_OPS_SUBST) {
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ private:
 	    && constp) {
 	    // Nicely formed lvalues handled in NodeAssign
 	    // Other lvalues handled as unknown mess in AstVarRef
-	    int word = constp->asInt();
+	    int word = constp->toUInt();
 	    UINFO(8," USEword"<<word<<" "<<varrefp<<endl);
 	    SubstVarEntry* entryp = getEntryp(varrefp);
 	    if (AstNode* substp = entryp->substWord (nodep, word)) {

src/V3SymTable.h

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 

src/V3Table.cpp

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <deque>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"

src/V3Task.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -208,7 +208,8 @@ private:
     virtual void visit(AstVarRef* nodep, AstNUser*) {
 	nodep->iterateChildren(*this);
 	if (nodep->varp()->user4p() != m_curVxp) {
-	    if (m_curVxp->pure()) {
+	    if (m_curVxp->pure()
+		&& !nodep->varp()->isPure()) {
 		m_curVxp->impure(nodep);
 	    }
 	}

src/V3Trace.cpp

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <set>
 #include <map>

src/V3TraceDecl.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "V3Global.h"

src/V3Unknown.cpp

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -191,10 +191,11 @@ private:
 		UINFO(4,"   -> "<<newp<<endl);
 	    } else {
 		// Make a Vxrand variable
+		// We use the special XTEMP type so it doesn't break pure functions
 		string newvarname = ((string)"__Vxrand__"
 				     +cvtToStr(m_modp->varNumGetInc()));
 		AstVar* newvarp
-		    = new AstVar (nodep->fileline(), AstVarType::MODULETEMP, newvarname,
+		    = new AstVar (nodep->fileline(), AstVarType::XTEMP, newvarname,
 				  new AstRange(nodep->fileline(), nodep->width()-1, 0));
 		m_statUnkVars++;
 		AstNRelinker replaceHandle;
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ private:
 				      new AstAnd(nodep->fileline(),
 						 new AstConst(nodep->fileline(),numbx),
 						 new AstRand(nodep->fileline(),
-							     nodep->width())))));
+							     nodep->width(), true)))));
 		// Add inits in front of other statement.
 		// In the future, we should stuff the initp into the module's constructor.
 		AstNode* afterp = m_modp->stmtsp()->unlinkFrBackWithNext();

src/V3Unroll.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "config_build.h"
 #include "verilatedos.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ private:
 	return false;
     }
 
+    int unrollCount() {
+	return m_generate ? v3Global.opt.unrollCount()*16
+	    : v3Global.opt.unrollCount();
+    }
+
     bool forUnrollCheck(AstNode* nodep,
 			AstNode* initp,	// Maybe under nodep (no nextp), or standalone (ignore nextp)
 			AstNode* precondsp, AstNode* condp,
@@ -158,16 +163,16 @@ private:
 	    || constStopp->width()>32 || constStopp->num().isFourState()
 	    || constIncp->width()>32  || constIncp->num().isFourState())
 	    return cantUnroll(nodep, "init/final/increment too large or four state");
-	vlsint32_t valInit = constInitp->num().asInt();  // Extract as unsigned, then make signed
-	vlsint32_t valStop = constStopp->num().asInt();  // Extract as unsigned, then make signed
+	vlsint32_t valInit = constInitp->num().toSInt();
+	vlsint32_t valStop = constStopp->num().toSInt();
 	if (lte) valStop++;  if (gte) valStop--;
-	vlsint32_t valInc  = constIncp->num().asSInt();
+	vlsint32_t valInc  = constIncp->num().toSInt();
 	if (subtract) valInc = -valInc;
 	UINFO(8,"     In Numbers: for (v="<<valInit<<"; v<"<<valStop<<"; v=v+"<<valInc<<")\n");
 	//
 	if (!m_generate) {
-	    UINFO(8, "         ~Iters: "<<((valStop - valInit)/valInc)<<" c="<<v3Global.opt.unrollCount()<<endl);
-	    if (((valStop - valInit)/valInc) > v3Global.opt.unrollCount())
+	    UINFO(8, "         ~Iters: "<<((valStop - valInit)/valInc)<<" c="<<unrollCount()<<endl);
+	    if (((valStop - valInit)/valInc) > unrollCount())
 		return cantUnroll(nodep, "too many iterations");
 
 	    // Less than 10 statements in the body?
@@ -253,8 +258,8 @@ private:
 		    else newbodysp = oneloopp;
 
 		    m_statIters++;
-		    if (++times > v3Global.opt.unrollCount()*3) {
-			nodep->v3error("Loop unrolling took too long; probably this is an infinite loop.");
+		    if (++times > unrollCount()*3) {
+			nodep->v3error("Loop unrolling took too long; probably this is an infinite loop, or set --unroll-count above "<<unrollCount());
 			break;
 		    }
 
@@ -347,9 +352,10 @@ private:
 	    ) {
 	    // Rename it, as otherwise we may get a conflict
 	    // V3Begin sees these DOTs and makes CellInlines for us.
-	    string nname = (string)"genfor"+cvtToStr(m_varValuep->asInt())+"__DOT__"+nodep->name();
+	    string index = AstNode::encodeNumber(m_varValuep->toSInt());
+	    string nname = (string)"genfor"+index+"__DOT__"+nodep->name();
 	    // Verilog seems to drop the for loop name and tack on [#]
-	    nname = nodep->name() + "__BRA__" + cvtToStr(m_varValuep->asInt()) + "__KET__";
+	    nname = nodep->name() + "__BRA__" + index + "__KET__";
 	    //UINFO(8,"   Rename begin "<<nname<<" "<<nodep<<endl);
 	    nodep->name(nname);
 	}