Verilator open-source SystemVerilog simulator and lint system
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Geza Lore 47bce4157d
Introduce DFG based combinational logic optimizer (#3527)
Added a new data-flow graph (DFG) based combinational logic optimizer.
The capabilities of this covers a combination of V3Const and V3Gate, but
is also more capable of transforming combinational logic into simplified
forms and more.

This entail adding a new internal representation, `DfgGraph`, and
appropriate `astToDfg` and `dfgToAst` conversion functions. The graph
represents some of the combinational equations (~continuous assignments)
in a module, and for the duration of the DFG passes, it takes over the
role of AstModule. A bulk of the Dfg vertices represent expressions.
These vertex classes, and the corresponding conversions to/from AST are
mostly auto-generated by astgen, together with a DfgVVisitor that can be
used for dynamic dispatch based on vertex (operation) types.

The resulting combinational logic graph (a `DfgGraph`) is then optimized
in various ways. Currently we perform common sub-expression elimination,
variable inlining, and some specific peephole optimizations, but there
is scope for more optimizations in the future using the same
representation. The optimizer is run directly before and after inlining.
The pre inline pass can operate on smaller graphs and hence converges
faster, but still has a chance of substantially reducing the size of the
logic on some designs, making inlining both faster and less memory
intensive. The post inline pass can then optimize across the inlined
module boundaries. No optimization is performed across a module
boundary.

For debugging purposes, each peephole optimization can be disabled
individually via the -fno-dfg-peepnole-<OPT> option, where <OPT> is one
of the optimizations listed in V3DfgPeephole.h, for example
-fno-dfg-peephole-remove-not-not.

The peephole patterns currently implemented were mostly picked based on
the design that inspired this work, and on that design the optimizations
yields ~30% single threaded speedup, and ~50% speedup on 4 threads. As
you can imagine not having to haul around redundant combinational
networks in the rest of the compilation pipeline also helps with memory
consumption, and up to 30% peak memory usage of Verilator was observed
on the same design.

Gains on other arbitrary designs are smaller (and can be improved by
analyzing those designs). For example OpenTitan gains between 1-15%
speedup depending on build type.
2022-09-23 16:46:22 +01:00
.github Actions: Use 22.04 for contrib action 2022-09-07 22:13:02 -04:00
bin Introduce DFG based combinational logic optimizer (#3527) 2022-09-23 16:46:22 +01:00
ci Docker: Use 22.04 2022-09-17 07:47:06 -04:00
docs Introduce DFG based combinational logic optimizer (#3527) 2022-09-23 16:46:22 +01:00
examples Internals: Use std:: for mem and str functions. 2022-09-14 21:10:19 -04:00
include Merge branch 'master' into develop-v5 2022-09-20 20:06:21 -04:00
nodist Commentary 2022-03-30 20:17:59 -04:00
src Introduce DFG based combinational logic optimizer (#3527) 2022-09-23 16:46:22 +01:00
test_regress Introduce DFG based combinational logic optimizer (#3527) 2022-09-23 16:46:22 +01:00
.clang-format Update clang-format config and apply 2022-08-05 12:00:24 +01:00
.clang-tidy Internals: Use C++11 = default where obvious. No functional change intended. 2020-11-16 19:56:16 -05:00
.codacy.yml Internals: Fix misc internal coverage holes. No functional change intended. 2020-06-04 21:40:40 -04:00
.gitattributes Commentary: Convert Changes to RST format 2021-03-14 14:12:58 -04:00
.gitignore Fix some SliceSels not being constants (#3186) (#3218). 2021-11-26 10:51:11 -05:00
Artistic docs: Move license files back to top out of docs to appease github. 2019-06-15 21:41:38 -04:00
CPPLINT.cfg Internals: Add cpplint control file and related cleanups 2022-01-09 16:49:38 -05:00
Changes Merge branch 'master' into develop-v5 2022-09-20 20:06:21 -04:00
LICENSE docs: Move license files back to top out of docs to appease github. 2019-06-15 21:41:38 -04:00
Makefile.in Tests: Add lint-py checker 2022-09-07 22:04:57 -04:00
README.rst Commentary 2022-09-14 23:26:34 -04:00
codecov.yml Copyright year update. 2022-01-01 08:26:40 -05:00
configure.ac devel release 2022-08-31 19:49:24 -04:00
install-sh Fix whitespace issues, bug1203. 2017-09-11 19:18:58 -04:00
verilator-config-version.cmake.in Copyright year update. 2022-01-01 08:26:40 -05:00
verilator-config.cmake.in Timing support (#3363) 2022-08-22 13:26:32 +01:00
verilator.pc.in Fix default pkgconfig version to have no spaces (#2308) 2020-05-05 08:46:24 -04:00

README.rst

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Welcome to Verilator
====================

.. list-table::

   * - **Welcome to Verilator, the fastest Verilog/SystemVerilog simulator.**
        * Accepts Verilog or SystemVerilog
        * Performs lint code-quality checks
        * Compiles into multithreaded C++, or SystemC
        * Creates XML to front-end your own tools
     - |Logo|
   * - |verilator multithreaded performance|
     - **Fast**
        * Outperforms many closed-source commercial simulators
        * Single- and multi-threaded output models
   * - **Widely Used**
        * Wide industry and academic deployment
        * Out-of-the-box support from Arm, and RISC-V vendor IP
     - |verilator usage|
   * - |verilator community|
     - **Community Driven & Openly Licensed**
        * Guided by the `CHIPS Alliance`_ and `Linux Foundation`_
        * Open, and free as in both speech and beer
        * More simulation for your verification budget
   * - **Commercial Support Available**
        * Commercial support contracts
        * Design support contracts
        * Enhancement contracts
     - |verilator support|


What Verilator Does
===================

Verilator is invoked with parameters similar to GCC or Synopsys's VCS.  It
"Verilates" the specified Verilog or SystemVerilog code by reading it,
performing lint checks, and optionally inserting assertion checks and
coverage-analysis points. It outputs single- or multi-threaded .cpp and .h
files, the "Verilated" code.

These Verilated C++/SystemC files are then compiled by a C++ compiler
(gcc/clang/MSVC++), optionally along with a user's own C++/SystemC wrapper
file to instantiate the Verilated model. Executing the resulting executable
performs the design simulation. Verilator also supports linking Verilated
generated libraries, optionally encrypted, into other simulators.

Verilator may not be the best choice if you are expecting a full featured
replacement for a closed-source Verilog simulator, need SDF annotation,
mixed-signal simulation, or are doing a quick class project (we recommend
`Icarus Verilog`_ for classwork.)  However, if you are looking for a path
to migrate SystemVerilog to C++/SystemC, or want high speed simulation of
synthesizable designs containing limited verification constructs, Verilator
is the tool for you.


Performance
===========

Verilator does not directly translate Verilog HDL to C++ or SystemC. Rather,
Verilator compiles your code into a much faster optimized and optionally
thread-partitioned model, which is in turn wrapped inside a C++/SystemC
module. The results are a compiled Verilog model that executes even on a
single-thread over 10x faster than standalone SystemC, and on a single
thread is about 100 times faster than interpreted Verilog simulators such
as `Icarus Verilog`_. Another 2-10x speedup might be gained from
multithreading (yielding 200-1000x total over interpreted simulators).

Verilator has typically similar or better performance versus the
closed-source Verilog simulators (Carbon Design Systems Carbonator,
Modelsim/Questa, Cadence Incisive/NC-Verilog, Synopsys VCS, VTOC, and
Pragmatic CVer/CVC). But, Verilator is open-sourced, so you can spend on
computes rather than licenses. Thus Verilator gives you the best
cycles/dollar.


Installation & Documentation
============================

For more information:

- `Verilator installation and package directory structure
  <https://verilator.org/install>`_

- `Verilator manual (HTML) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.html>`_,
  or `Verilator manual (PDF) <https://verilator.org/verilator_doc.pdf>`_

- `Subscribe to verilator announcements
  <https://github.com/verilator/verilator-announce>`_

- `Verilator forum <https://verilator.org/forum>`_

- `Verilator issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_


Support
=======

Verilator is a community project, guided by the `CHIPS Alliance`_ under the
`Linux Foundation`_.

We appreciate and welcome your contributions in whatever form; please see
`Contributing to Verilator
<https://github.com/verilator/verilator/blob/master/docs/CONTRIBUTING.rst>`_.
Thanks to our `Contributors and Sponsors
<https://verilator.org/guide/latest/contributors.html>`_.

Verilator also supports and encourages commercial support models and
organizations; please see `Verilator Commercial Support
<https://verilator.org/verilator_commercial_support>`_.


Related Projects
================

- `GTKwave <http://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>`_ - Waveform viewer for
  Verilator traces.

- `Icarus Verilog`_ - Icarus is a full featured interpreted Verilog
  simulator. If Verilator does not support your needs, perhaps Icarus may.


Open License
============

Verilator is Copyright 2003-2022 by Wilson Snyder. (Report bugs to
`Verilator Issues <https://verilator.org/issues>`_.)

Verilator is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the
Perl Artistic License Version 2.0. See the documentation for more details.

.. _CHIPS Alliance: https://chipsalliance.org
.. _Icarus Verilog: http://iverilog.icarus.com
.. _Linux Foundation: https://www.linuxfoundation.org
.. |Logo| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_256_200_min.png
.. |verilator multithreaded performance| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_multithreaded_performance_bg-min.png
.. |verilator usage| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_usage_400x200-min.png
.. |verilator community| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_community_400x125-min.png
.. |verilator support| image:: https://www.veripool.org/img/verilator_support_400x125-min.png