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***************************************************************************
* DISCLAIMER *
* *
* The admst code generators, part of adms and this document are released *
* under LGPL license terms. *
* *
* Copyright (C) 2006 Freescale Inc. *
* *
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or *
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public *
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either *
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. *
* *
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU *
* Lesser General Public License for more details. *
* *
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public *
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software *
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA *
* 02110-1301 USA *
***************************************************************************
WARNING!
The text in this document has been prepared in 2006 and is outdated. It is
provided here only for reference and may provide some (historical)
information.
Please refer to the ngspice adms web page at
http://ngspice.sourceforge.net/admshowto.html
for actual information on how to integrate Verilog A device models into
ngspice.
Holger Vogt, May 2013
INTRODUCTION
In this document we will provide a guideline on how to auto-generate the
ready-to compile C code for the ngspice API of a compact device model
defined in the Verilog-AMS language.
Condition:
To compile Verilog-AMS compact models into ngspice-ready C models with
admsXml a copy of the latest adms distribution is needed. You get it from
the adms Download page http://mot-adms.sourceforge.net as a source code
package. (Also use of cvs version is possible, but needs some more effort.)
Version:
This guideline has been tested on Windows-XP under cygwin using:
$ admsXml -v
[usage] <release name="admsXml" version="2.1.3" date="Feb 2 2006" time="19:01:39"/>
[info] elapsed time: 0
[info] admst iterations: 0 (0 freed)
Goal:
In this guideline we will add device model hicum0 to ngspice
using the Verilog-AMS source code available at:
http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/~schroter/Hicum_PD/Hicumna/hicumL0V1p11.va
Limitations:
The adms ngspice interface supports a limited set of Verilog-AMS language
constructs. See the home page of adms (http://mot-adms.sourceforge.net/)
for more info.
Feel free to contribute to the adms ngspice interface so that more
constructs can be supported.
01- ngspice Files
Ngspice does not (yet) have support for loading models at run time, every
model must be included at compile time. Then, adding a new model into
ngspice is a process that cannot be completely automated. Some files need
to be edited by hand.
01.01 What ngspice need to know of a new model ?
First you have to assign your new model a "device type". As you probably
know, ngspice recognizes the type of a device by the first letter in
device's name in the netlists ("r" for resistors, "q" for BJT, "m" for
mosfets and so on). Then the first thing you have to find is the correct
type for your new device (let's call this device_type).
Since there can be more than one model for each device type, another
parameter you have to set is the device_level, which must be unique
for each device type.
Once you have found the (device_type, device_level) couple you have
identified the files you have to edit:
<ngspice-data-tree>/configure.ac
Here you have to add the entries in adms section for your new directory
and library.
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/parser/inp2<device_type>.c
Substitute <device_type> with the letter corresponding to the
type of you new model. Here you have to add the interface code for your
new device. In the case of hicum (a BJT model and thus a "q" device type)
you have to edit inp2q.c
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/parser/inpdomod.c
Here you have to add a switch for the level of your new device.
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/dev.c
Follow the structure of the files and add information on your new
model. In dev.c you have to adjust some macro.
See existing examples to make the modifications for your own implementation.
<ngspice-data-tree> is the path to the ngspice source installation.
For instance <ngspice-data-tree> can be /tools/ng-spice-rework-17
Please see appendix 01 about spice3-flavoured flags.
02- adms Files
List of files that adms needs to create the ready-to-compile C code:
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/adms/admst/ngspice*.xml
adms creates the ready-to-compile C code from a set of admst code
generators. admst is a subset of the XML language which has been created
specifically for the purpose of C code generation. The syntax of admst is
very close to the XSLT language (it includes some extensions.)
03- Create the data file structure
Create the following directories if they do not already exist:
-a <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/adms/hicum0
-b <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/adms/hicum0/admsva
There is no convention on the way to choice the last directory name in -a.
However in -b 'admsva' is mandatory.
04- Save the Verilog-AMS source code
Save the source code of hicum0 from
http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/~schroter/Hicum_PD/Hicumna/hicumL0V1p11.va
to:
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/adms/hicum0/admsva/hic0_full.va
NOTE: the name of the Verilog-AMS file that contains the 'module' declaration
should match the name of the module in the file.
For instance in file hic0_full.va you will find the following declaration:
...
module hic0_full (c,b,e,s);
...
05- Create file 'Makefile.am'
In directory ..../hicum0 run the following command in order to create file 'Makefile.am':
$ admsXml admsva/hic0_full.va -Iadmsva -e ../admst/ngspiceMakefile.am.xml
[info] admsXml-2.1.3 Feb 2 2006 19:01:39
[warning] [admsva\hic0_full.va:30]: standard vams file created (not found in -I path) ... 'constants.h'
[warning] [admsva\hic0_full.va:31]: standard vams file created (not found in -I path) ... 'discipline.h'
[info] Makefile.am: file created
[info] elapsed time: 1.0624
[info] admst iterations: 185425 (185425 freed)
After this step file 'Makefile.am' is created:
$ head Makefile.am
##
## Interface:
## created by: admsXml-2.1.3 - Monday, 01/30/06
## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
ADMSXMLINTERFACE:=../admst
adms:
admsXml.exe -Iadmsva admsva/hic0_full.va \
06- Update/Create the auto-tools files (configure, Makefile.in, Makefile)
06.01 Manual changes
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> edit file configure.ac, add new device 'hicum0'
(use the name of the directory - not the name of the module):
$ grep hicum0 configure.ac
src/spicelib/devices/adms/hicum0/Makefile \
In directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices edit file Makefile.am, add new device 'hicum0':
$ grep hicum0 Makefile.am
adms/hicum0 \
adms/hicum0 \
06.02 Makefile.in
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run the shell command 'automake':
File 'Makefile.in' is created in directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0.
In directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0 you should have:
$ ls
Makefile.am Makefile.in admsva constants.h discipline.h
06.03 Update file 'configure'
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run the shell command 'autoconf':
File 'configure' is updated.
Edit the file to make sure that "adms/hicum0/Makefile" is present in the file.
06.04 Makefile
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run shell command 'configure':
$ configure
...
config.status: creating src/spicelib/devices/adms/hicum0/Makefile
...
File 'Makefile' is created in directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0.
In directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0 you should have:
$ ls
Makefile Makefile.am Makefile.in admsva constants.h discipline.h
07- Create the ready-to-compile auto-generated C code of device hicum0
In directory ..../hicum0 run the following command in order to create the auto-generated C code:
$ make adms
admsXml.exe -Iadmsva admsva/hic0_full.va \
-e ../admst/ngspiceVersion.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMakefile.am.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEitf.h.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEinit.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEinit.h.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEext.h.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEdefs.h.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEask.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEmask.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEpar.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEmpar.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEload.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEacld.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEtemp.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEsetup.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULEguesstopology.c.xml \
-e ../admst/ngspiceMODULE.c.xml
[info] admsXml-2.1.3 Feb 2 2006 19:01:39
[info] Makefile.am: file created
[info] hic0_fullitf.h: file created
[info] hic0_fullinit.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullinit.h: file created
[info] hic0_fullext.h: file created
[info] hic0_fulldefs.h: file created
[info] hic0_fullask.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullmask.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullpar.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullmpar.c: file created
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] noise contribution not implemented - ignored!
[info] hic0_fullload.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullacld.c: file created
[info] hic0_fulltemp.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullsetup.c: file created
[info] hic0_fullguesstopology.c: file created
[info] hic0_full.c: file created
[info] elapsed time: 5.43757
[info] admst iterations: 1099640 (1099640 freed)
perl -p -i -e 's/IOP\("(\w+)"/IOP("\L\1"/' hic0_full.c
In directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0 you should have:
$ ls
Makefile constants.h hic0_fullacld.c hic0_fullguesstopology.c hic0_fullload.c hic0_fullsetup.c
Makefile.am discipline.h hic0_fullask.c hic0_fullinit.c hic0_fullmask.c hic0_fulltemp.c
Makefile.in hic0_full.c hic0_fulldefs.h hic0_fullinit.h hic0_fullmpar.c
admsva hic0_fullext.h hic0_fullitf.h hic0_fullpar.c
08- Compile the ready-to-compile auto-generated C code
In directory ..../hicum0 run the following command in order to create the object files*.o and libhic0_full.a:
$ make CFLAGS="-g"
if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I../../../../.. -I../../../../../src/include -g -MT hic0_full.o
-MD -MP -MF ".ds/hic0_full.Tpo" -c -o hic0_full.o hic0_full.c; \
then mv -f ".deps/hic0_full.Tpo" ".deps/hic0_full.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/hic0_full.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
...
ar cru libhic0_full.a hic0_full.o hic0_fullacld.o hic0_fullask.o hic0_fullguesstopology.o hic0_fullinit.o
hic0_fullload.o hic0_fullmask.o hic0_fullmpar.o hic0_fullpar.o hic0_fullsetup.o hic0_fulltemp.o
ranlib libhic0_full.a
WARNING: at the compilation step some messages about '#warning conflict' will be printed.
They mean that some ngspice reserved keywords have been used in the Verilog-AMS.
Just ignore them in the case of hicum0.
In directory <ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/hicum0 you should have:
$ ls
Makefile hic0_full.c hic0_fullask.o hic0_fullinit.h hic0_fullmask.o hic0_fullsetup.o
Makefile.am hic0_fulldefs.h hic0_fullinit.o hic0_fullmpar.c hic0_fulltemp.c
Makefile.in hic0_full.o hic0_fullext.h hic0_fullitf.h hic0_fullmpar.o hic0_fulltemp.o
admsva hic0_fullacld.c hic0_fullguesstopology.c hic0_fullload.c hic0_fullpar.c libhic0_full.a
constants.h hic0_fullacld.o hic0_fullguesstopology.o hic0_fullload.o hic0_fullpar.o
discipline.h hic0_fullask.c hic0_fullinit.c hic0_fullmask.c hic0_fullsetup.c
NOTE: CFLAGS is redefined to "-g" is order to speed up the compilation process.
It is better NOT to redefine CFLAGS for official releases.
(the compilation will take a lot longer to complete)
09- Update manually the ngspice parser files
Modify the following files:
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/parser/inp2q.c ----> depends on the type of the device, here 'q' device
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/parser/inpdomod.c
<ngspice-data-tree>/src/spicelib/devices/dev.c
...
10- Update executable 'ngspice'
10-01 Update ngspice
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run shell command 'make':
$ make
File 'src/ngspice.exe' is updated and contains the new device 'hicum0'.
10-02 Install ngspice
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run shell command 'make':
$ make install
ngspice executables are installed in /usr/local/bin.
11- Test the Implementation of hicum0 into ngspice
11-01 Create a simple ngspice netlist
Create file 'hicum0.sp'. Its contents is given below:
$ cat hicum0.sp
.title Netlist
.option
+ temp=25.0
+ reltol=1e-5
+ abstol=1e-15
.model mybjtmodel npn
+ npn=1
+ level=5
qN1
+ c b 0 0
+ mybjtmodel
rcc cc c 100.0
rbb bb b 1k
vcc
+ cc 0
+ 1.0
vbb
+ bb 0
+ 0.0
+ ac=0.0
.dc vbb 0.0 1.0 0.02
.print
+ dc
+ v(c)
+ i(vbb)
+ i(vcc)
.end
11-02 run 'ngspice':
$ ngspice -b hicum0.sp
Circuit: .title Netlist
Doing analysis at TEMP = 298.150000 and TNOM = 300.150000
No. of Data Rows : 51
.title Netlist
DC transfer characteristic Mon Jan 30 10:22:01 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index v-sweep v(c) vbb#branch vcc#branch
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 -7.105421e-17
1 2.000000e-02 1.000000e+00 -5.593842e-19 -1.265654e-16
2 4.000000e-02 1.000000e+00 -2.076336e-18 -2.775558e-16
3 6.000000e-02 1.000000e+00 -5.366258e-18 -6.061817e-16
4 8.000000e-02 1.000000e+00 -1.254873e-17 -1.320055e-15
5 1.000000e-01 1.000000e+00 -2.812744e-17 -2.874367e-15
6 1.200000e-01 1.000000e+00 -7.629085e-17 -7.666090e-15
7 1.400000e-01 1.000000e+00 -1.669761e-16 -1.669553e-14
8 1.600000e-01 1.000000e+00 -3.645759e-16 -3.636425e-14
9 1.800000e-01 1.000000e+00 -7.948513e-16 -7.920553e-14
10 2.000000e-01 1.000000e+00 -1.732082e-15 -1.725142e-13
11 2.200000e-01 1.000000e+00 -3.773484e-15 -3.757461e-13
12 2.400000e-01 1.000000e+00 -8.219658e-15 -8.183998e-13
13 2.600000e-01 1.000000e+00 -1.790375e-14 -1.782522e-12
14 2.800000e-01 1.000000e+00 -3.899630e-14 -3.882434e-12
15 3.000000e-01 1.000000e+00 -8.493698e-14 -8.456170e-12
16 3.200000e-01 1.000000e+00 -1.849987e-13 -1.841804e-11
17 3.400000e-01 1.000000e+00 -4.029389e-13 -4.011557e-11
18 3.600000e-01 1.000000e+00 -8.776254e-13 -8.737407e-11
19 3.800000e-01 1.000000e+00 -1.911521e-12 -1.903059e-10
20 4.000000e-01 1.000000e+00 -4.163405e-12 -4.144973e-10
21 4.200000e-01 9.999999e-01 -9.068141e-12 -9.027994e-10
22 4.400000e-01 9.999998e-01 -1.975094e-11 -1.966349e-09
23 4.600000e-01 9.999996e-01 -4.301867e-11 -4.282821e-09
24 4.800000e-01 9.999991e-01 -9.369701e-11 -9.328218e-09
25 5.000000e-01 9.999980e-01 -2.040767e-10 -2.031732e-08
26 5.200000e-01 9.999956e-01 -4.444870e-10 -4.425191e-08
27 5.400000e-01 9.999904e-01 -9.680991e-10 -9.638130e-08
28 5.600000e-01 9.999790e-01 -2.108483e-09 -2.099148e-07
29 5.800000e-01 9.999543e-01 -4.591957e-09 -4.571626e-07
30 6.000000e-01 9.999004e-01 -9.999448e-09 -9.955176e-07
31 6.200000e-01 9.997833e-01 -2.176941e-08 -2.167303e-06
32 6.400000e-01 9.995284e-01 -4.736784e-08 -4.715812e-06
33 6.600000e-01 9.989751e-01 -1.029470e-07 -1.024912e-05
34 6.800000e-01 9.977781e-01 -2.231776e-07 -2.221894e-05
35 7.000000e-01 9.952090e-01 -4.812339e-07 -4.791028e-05
36 7.200000e-01 9.897838e-01 -1.026165e-06 -1.021618e-04
37 7.400000e-01 9.786930e-01 -2.140206e-06 -2.130697e-04
38 7.600000e-01 9.573154e-01 -4.287705e-06 -4.268455e-04
39 7.800000e-01 9.197474e-01 -8.062749e-06 -8.025264e-04
40 8.000000e-01 8.611162e-01 -1.395965e-05 -1.388838e-03
41 8.200000e-01 7.801099e-01 -2.212604e-05 -2.198901e-03
42 8.400000e-01 6.791392e-01 -3.235919e-05 -3.208608e-03
43 8.600000e-01 5.627227e-01 -4.429334e-05 -4.372773e-03
44 8.800000e-01 4.367031e-01 -5.756142e-05 -5.632969e-03
45 9.000000e-01 3.111929e-01 -7.186079e-05 -6.888071e-03
46 9.200000e-01 2.120521e-01 -8.696058e-05 -7.879479e-03
47 9.400000e-01 1.637984e-01 -1.026891e-04 -8.362016e-03
48 9.600000e-01 1.443326e-01 -1.189191e-04 -8.556674e-03
49 9.800000e-01 1.353683e-01 -1.355550e-04 -8.646317e-03
50 1.000000e+00 1.312181e-01 -1.525242e-04 -8.687819e-03
Total elapsed time: 0.625 seconds.
Current dynamic memory usage = 1.515520 MB,
Dynamic memory limit = 1241.702400 MB.
12- How to update ngspice when the Verilog-AMS source code changes
If you modify the Verilog-AMS source code of 'hicum0'
just complete the following steps in order to update
'ngspice':
12-01 Update the auto-generated C code
In directory ..../hicum0 run:
- make clean
- make adms
- make
12-02 Update 'ngspice' and re-install
In directory <ngspice-data-tree> run:
- make
- make install
Appendix 01: Comments on spice3-flavoured flags like npn, pnp, nmos, pmos and so on
In the adms-based implementation of hicum0 the value of the device type flag (either npn or pnp)
in the model card is just ignored.
The selection of the type of the device is actually done using model parameters.
In the Verilog-AMS code of hicum0 there are two special model parameters called 'npn' and 'pnp'
which decide what the type of the device will be (either a npn bipolar model or pnp bipolar model).
The Verilog-AMS piece of code that triggers the decision is as follows:
if (`PGIVEN(npn))
HICUMtype = `NPN;
else if (`PGIVEN(pnp))
HICUMtype = `PNP;
else
HICUMtype = `NPN;
end
`PGIVEN(npn) is a macro that returns 1 is model parameter 'npn' occurs in the .model card
of the ngspice netlist. Otherwise it returns 0.
For instance:
1- the following model card will select a NPN type device:
.model mybjtmodel npn
+ npn=1
+ level=5
2- the following model card will select a PNP type device:
.model mybjtmodel npn
+ pnp=1
+ level=5
In both cases flag 'npn' is just ignored.
In section 'Update manually the ngspice parser files' it is recommended
to use flag 'adms' instead.
This limitation results from the LRM of VerilogAMS that does not support flags.
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