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<section id="installation-guide">
<h1>Installation Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-guide" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Icarus Verilog may be installed from source code (either from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">git</span></code> or a
released <cite>tar/zip</cite> file), or from pre-packaged binary distributions. If you
dont have a need for the very latest, and prepackaged binaries are available,
that is the easiest place to start.</p>
<section id="installation-from-source">
<h2>Installation From Source<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-from-source" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Icarus is developed for Unix-like environments but can also be compiled on
Windows systems using the <cite>Cygwin/MSYS2</cite> environments or <cite>MinGW</cite> compilers. The
following instructions are the common steps for obtaining the Icarus Verilog
source code, compiling, installing, and checking the compiled code is working
properly. Note that there are pre-compiled and/or prepackaged versions for a
variety of systems, so if you find an appropriate packaged version, then that
is the easiest way to install.</p>
<p>The source code for Icarus is stored under the <cite>git</cite> source code control
system. You can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">git</span></code> to get the latest development head or the latest of
a specific branch. Stable releases are placed on branches, and in particular V12
stable releases are on the branch “v12-branch” To get the development version
of the code follow these steps:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% git config --global user.name &quot;Your Name Goes Here&quot;
% git config --global user.email you@yourpublicemail.example.com
% git clone https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog.git
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first two lines are optional and are used to tell git who you are. This
information is important if/when you submit a patch. We suggest that you add
this information now so you dont forget to do it later. The clone will create
a directory, named <cite>iverilog</cite>, containing the source tree, and will populate
that directory with the most current source from the HEAD of the repository.</p>
<p>Change into this directory using:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% cd iverilog
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Normally, this is enough as you are now pointing at the most current
development code, and you have implicitly created a branch <cite>master</cite> that
tracks the development head. However, If you want to actually be working on
the <cite>v12-branch</cite> (the branch where the latest V12 patches are) then you
checkout that branch with the command:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% git checkout --track -b v12-branch origin/v12-branch
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This creates a local branch that tracks the <cite>v12-branch</cite> in the repository, and
switches you over to your new <cite>v12-branch</cite>. The tracking is important as it
causes pulls from the repository to re-merge your local branch with the remote
<cite>v12-branch</cite>. You always work on a local branch, then merge only when you
push/pull from the remote repository.</p>
<p>The choice between the development branch and the latest released branch
depends on your stability requirements. The released branch will only get bug
fixes. It will not get any enhancements or changes in the compiler output
format. Unlike many project the development branch is fairly stable with only
occasional periods of instability. We do most of our big changes in side
branches and only merge them into the development branch when they are clean.</p>
<p>Now that youve cloned the repository and optionally selected the branch you
want to work on, your local source tree may later be synced up with the
development source by using the git command:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% git pull
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The git system remembers the repository that it was cloned from, so you dont
need to re-enter it when you pull.</p>
<p>To build the <cite>configure</cite> script and hash files you need to run the
following:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% sh autoconf.sh
% cd ..
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is not need for the released <cite>tar/zip</cite> files since they already contain
these files. You only need to run this once after cloning. If you are missing
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autoconf</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gperf</span></code> then the script will fail:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Autoconf in root...
autoconf.sh: 10: autoconf: not found
Precompiling lexor_keyword.gperf
autoconf.sh: 13: gperf: not found.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You will need to install the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autoconf</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gperf</span></code> tools before you can
continue.</p>
<p>The other way to get the source code is to download a released <cite>tar/zip</cite> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% tar -xvzf v13_0.tar.gz
or
% unzip v13_0.zip
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See the build instructions for your operation system below to know what to do
next. Though first determine if there are any extra configuration option you
may need.</p>
</section>
<section id="icarus-specific-configuration-options">
<h2>Icarus Specific Configuration Options<a class="headerlink" href="#icarus-specific-configuration-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Icarus takes many of the standard configuration options and those will not be
described here. The following are specific to Icarus:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>--enable-suffix[=suffix]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This option allows the user to build Icarus with a default suffix or when
provided a user defined suffix. Older stable releases have this flag on by
default e.g.(V0.8 by default will build with a “-0.8” suffix). All versions
have an appropriate default suffix (“-&lt;base_version&gt;”).</p>
<p>All programs or directories are tagged with this suffix. e.g.(iverilog-0.8,
vvp-0.8, etc.). The output of iverilog will reference the correct run time
files and directories. The run time will check that it is running a file with
a compatible version e.g.(you can not run a V0.9 file with the V0.8 run
time).:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>--with-valgrind
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This option adds extra memory cleanup code and pool management code to allow
better memory leak checking when valgrind is available. This option is not
needed when checking for basic errors with valgrind and should not be used if
you just intend to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iverilog</span></code> as a simulator.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>--enable-libvvp
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The vvp program is built as a small stub linked to a shared library,
libvvp.so, that may be linked with other programs so that they can host
a vvp simulation.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>--enable-libveriuser
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>PLI version 1 (the ACC and TF routines) were deprecated in IEEE 1364-2005.
These are supported in Icarus Verilog by the libveriuser library and cadpli
module. Starting with V13, these will only be built if this option is used.</p>
</section>
<section id="compiling-on-linux-unix">
<h2>Compiling on Linux/Unix<a class="headerlink" href="#compiling-on-linux-unix" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Note: For a gcc compile you will need to install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bison</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flex</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g++</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gcc</span></code> and preferably <cite>bz2</cite>, <cite>zlib</cite> and <cite>readline</cite> development packages. The
<cite>bz2</cite> and <cite>zlib</cite> development packages are required for the non-VCD waveform
dumpers and the <cite>readline</cite> development package is needed to enable better
terminal control in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vvp</span></code> interactive mode.</p>
<p>If you are only compiling one variant then you can compile directly in the
source tree. If you need multiple variants (optimized, debugging, multiple
compilers) then it is recommended you compile each in their own directory.</p>
<p>For multiple variants create a directory for each of the variants you intend
to create and in each run the following steps, adjusting the options in the
configure stage to get the functionality you want. For a single build you can
either build it with the source or in a separate build directory.</p>
<p>The following is from a Ubuntu 22.04 machine using gcc (version 11.4):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% mkdir gcc
% cd gcc
or
% cd iverilog
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clang/clang++</span></code>. I usual build optimized version for
normal use and reserve debugging options for a valgrind or a separate
debugging build. Make sure you have <cite>sudo</cite> permission if you are using a
system prefix area, otherwise you need to use some place you have
permission to install (e.g. ~/).:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% env CFLAGS=-O2 CXXFLAGS=-O2 LDFLAGS=-s CC=gcc CXX=g++ ../iverilog/configure --enable-suffix=-gcc --prefix=/usr/local
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will generate the following (with some inline comments):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
...
checking for gperf... gperf # required for git builds
checking for man... man # you likely want manual pages
checking for ps2pdf... ps2pdf
checking for groff... groff
checking for git... git # required for git builds
checking for flex... flex # required
checking for bison... bison # required
...
checking for tputs in -ltermcap... yes
checking for readline in -lreadline... yes
checking for add_history in -lreadline... yes
checking for readline/readline.h... yes
checking for readline/history.h... yes # you likely want this
...
checking for pthread_create in -lpthread... yes
checking for gzwrite in -lz... yes
checking for gzwrite in -lz... (cached) yes
checking for BZ2_bzdopen in -lbz2... yes
checking for BZ2_bzdopen in -lbz2... (cached) yes # you want these for fst dumping
...
&lt;Create all the parameterized Makefile and header files&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Usually if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">configure</span></code> fails there is some required dependency missing. I
usually review all the output to make sure it makes sense (e.g. I requested
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gcc</span></code> and thats what is being used, other things match my expectation). If
all the waveform dumpers are not enabled there could be a few test failures.</p>
<p>Next we need to compile the code. Note: make sure you are using GNU make.
It may be named gmake (e.g. GhostBSD):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% make check &gt;&amp; make.log
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is for a tcsh/csh shell. Bash/fish/zsh use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;&gt;</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;&amp;</span></code>.
Once this has completed check the make.log for any errors. There should not
be any! I also check for warnings. There are often some related to the
output from bison. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>From: ./parse.cc
parse.cc:9462:18: warning: missing initializer for member vlltype::lexical_pos [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
9462 | = { 1, 1, 1, 1 }
| ^
parse.cc:9462:18: warning: missing initializer for member vlltype::text [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>From: ./vvp/parse.cc
parse.cc:3242: warning: suspicious sequence in the output: m4_type [-Wother]
parse.cc:3248: warning: suspicious sequence in the output: m4_type [-Wother]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Are common, but benign warnings. Different compilers or compiler versions may
have other warnings.</p>
<p>The expected last few lines of the make.log file and these indicate everything
should be working as expected are:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>...
driver/iverilog -B. -BMvpi -BPivlpp -tcheck -ocheck.vvp ../iverilog/examples/hello.vl
vvp/vvp -M- -M./vpi ./check.vvp | grep &#39;Hello, World&#39;
Hello, World
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If everything is good to this point and you are installing into a system
prefix; install using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span></code> as shown below. If you are installing into a
personal location skip the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% sudo make install
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Now you should verify the regression test suite is working as expected:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% cd ../iverilog/ivtest
% ./vvp_reg.pl --suffix=-gcc
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is the original test script and should give no failures:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Running compiler/VVP tests for Icarus Verilog version: 13, suffix: -gcc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
macro_with_args: Passed.
mcl1: Passed.
pr622: Passed.
pr639: Passed.
...
ssetclr2: Passed.
ssetclr3: Passed.
synth_if_no_else: Passed.
ufuncsynth1: Passed.
============================================================================
Test results:
Total=3018, Passed=3013, Failed=0, Not Implemented=2, Expected Fail=3
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Next run the new test script:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% ./vvp_reg.py --suffix=-gcc
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This should also give no failures:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Running compiler/VVP tests for Icarus Verilog version: 13, suffix: -gcc
Using list(s): regress-vvp.list
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
always4A: Passed - CE.
always4B: Passed - CE.
analog1: Not Implemented.
analog2: Not Implemented.
...
vvp_quiet_mode: Passed.
warn_opt_sys_tf: Passed - EF.
wreal: Passed.
writemem-invalid: Passed - EF.
============================================================================
Test results: Ran 284, Failed 0.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally you can check that the VPI is working properly using:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% ./vpi_reg.pl --suffix=-gcc
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output for this should have no failures:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Running VPI tests for Icarus Verilog version: 13, suffix: -gcc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
br_gh59: Passed.
br_gh73a: Passed.
br_gh73b: Passed.
br_gh117: Passed.
...
value_change_cb2: Passed.
value_change_cb3: Passed.
value_change_cb4: Passed.
vpi_control: Passed.
============================================================================
Test results: Total=77, Passed=77, Failed=0, Not Implemented=0
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can uninstall everything using the following. If needed skip the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span></code>
as described in the install description above.:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% sudo make uninstall
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can cleanup the compile directory using:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% make clean
or
% make distclean
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first just cleans up just the compiled files, etc. The later cleans up
the compiled file along with all the files generated in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">configure</span></code>
phase.</p>
<p>Note that “rpm” packages of binaries for Linux are typically configured with
prefix=/usr” per the Linux File System Standard.</p>
<p>Make sure you have a recent version of flex otherwise you will get an error
when parsing lexor.lex.</p>
</section>
<section id="compiling-on-macintosh-os-x">
<h2>Compiling on Macintosh OS X<a class="headerlink" href="#compiling-on-macintosh-os-x" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Since Mac OS X is a BSD flavor of Unix, you can install Icarus Verilog from
source using the procedure described above. You need to install the Xcode
software, which includes the C and C++ compilers for Mac OS X. The package is
available for free download from Apples developer site. Once Xcode is
installed, you can build Icarus Verilog in a terminal window just like any
other Unix install.</p>
<p>For versions newer than 10.3 the GNU Bison tool (packaged with Xcode) needs to
be updated to version 3.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>brew install bison
echo &#39;export PATH=&quot;/usr/local/opt/bison/bin:$PATH&quot;&#39; &gt;&gt; ~/.bash_profile
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Icarus Verilog is also available through the Homebrew package manager: “brew
install icarus-verilog”.</p>
</section>
<section id="cross-compiling-for-windows">
<h2>Cross-Compiling for Windows<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-compiling-for-windows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The <cite>Cygwin</cite> and <cite>MSYS2</cite> environments can compile Icarus Verilog as described
above for <cite>Linux/Unix</cite>. There is a <cite>MSYS2</cite> build recipe which can be found in
the <cite>msys2/</cite> directory. The accompanying README file provides further details.
<cite>MSYS2</cite> is typically preferred over <cite>Cygwin</cite> since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GTKWave</span></code> and Icarus
Verilog are both provided as pre-compiled packages.</p>
<p>What follows are older instructions for building Icarus Verilog binaries for
Windows using mingw cross compiler tools on Linux.</p>
<p>To start with, you need the mingw64-cross-* packages for your linux
distribution, which gives you the x86_64-w64-mingw32-* commands
installed on your system. Installing the cross environment is outside
the scope of this writeup.</p>
<p>First, configure with this command:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ./configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This generates the Makefiles needed to cross compile everything with
the mingw32 compiler. The configure script will generate the command
name paths, so long as commands line x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
et. al. are in your path.</p>
<p>Next, compile with the command:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ make
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The configure generated the cross compiler flags, but there are a few
bits that need to be compiled with the native compiler. (version.exe
for example is used by the build process but is not installed.) The
configure script should have gotten all that right.</p>
</section>
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