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<section id="verilog-a-math-library">
<h1>Verilog-A math library<a class="headerlink" href="#verilog-a-math-library" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<section id="license">
<h2>License.<a class="headerlink" href="#license" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Verilog-A math library built for Icarus Verilog
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog/">https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog/</a></p>
<p>Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Cary R. (<a class="reference external" href="mailto:cygcary&#37;&#52;&#48;yahoo&#46;com">cygcary<span>&#64;</span>yahoo<span>&#46;</span>com</a>)</p>
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.</p>
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.</p>
<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="standard-verilog-a-mathematical-functions">
<h2>Standard Verilog-A Mathematical Functions.<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-verilog-a-mathematical-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The va_math VPI module implements all the standard math functions provided
by Verilog-A as Verilog-D system functions. The names are the same except
like all Verilog-D system functions the name must be prefixed with a $.
For reference the functions are:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span data-line="1">$ln(x) -- Natural logarithm
</span><span data-line="2">$log10(x) -- Decimal logarithm
</span><span data-line="3">$exp(x) -- Exponential
</span><span data-line="4">$sqrt(x) -- Square root
</span><span data-line="5">$min(x,y) -- Minimum
</span><span data-line="6">$max(x,y) -- Maximum
</span><span data-line="7">$abs(x) -- Absolute value
</span><span data-line="8">$floor(x) -- Floor
</span><span data-line="9">$ceil(x) -- Ceiling
</span><span data-line="10">$pow(x,y) -- Power (x**y)
</span><span data-line="11">$sin(x) -- Sine
</span><span data-line="12">$cos(x) -- Cosine
</span><span data-line="13">$tan(x) -- Tangent
</span><span data-line="14">$asin(x) -- Arc-sine
</span><span data-line="15">$acos(x) -- Arc-cosine
</span><span data-line="16">$atan(x) -- Arc-tangent
</span><span data-line="17">$atan2(y,x) -- Arc-tangent of y/x
</span><span data-line="18">$hypot(x,y) -- Hypotenuse (sqrt(x**2 + y**2))
</span><span data-line="19">$sinh(x) -- Hyperbolic sine
</span><span data-line="20">$cosh(x) -- Hyperbolic cosine
</span><span data-line="21">$tanh(x) -- Hyperbolic tangent
</span><span data-line="22">$asinh(x) -- Arc-hyperbolic sine
</span><span data-line="23">$acosh(x) -- Arc-hyperbolic cosine
</span><span data-line="24">$atanh(x) -- Arc-hyperbolic tangent
</span></pre></div>
</div>
<p>The only limit placed on the x and y arguments by the library is that they
must be numbers (not constant strings). The underlying C library controls
any other limits placed on the arguments. Most libraries return +-Inf or
NaN for results that cannot be represented with real numbers. All functions
return a real result.</p>
</section>
<section id="standard-verilog-a-mathematical-constants">
<h2>Standard Verilog-A Mathematical Constants.<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-verilog-a-mathematical-constants" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The Verilog-A mathematical constants can be accessed by including the
“constants.vams” header file. It is located in the standard include
directory. Recent version of Icarus Verilog (0.9.devel) automatically
add this directory to the end of the list used to find include files.
For reference the mathematical constants are:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span data-line="1">`M_PI -- Pi
</span><span data-line="2">`M_TWO_PI -- 2*Pi
</span><span data-line="3">`M_PI_2 -- Pi/2
</span><span data-line="4">`M_PI_4 -- Pi/4
</span><span data-line="5">`M_1_PI -- 1/Pi
</span><span data-line="6">`M_2_PI -- 2/Pi
</span><span data-line="7">`M_2_SQRTPI -- 2/sqrt(Pi)
</span><span data-line="8">`M_E -- e
</span><span data-line="9">`M_LOG2E -- log base 2 of e
</span><span data-line="10">`M_LOG10E -- log base 10 of e
</span><span data-line="11">`M_LN2 -- log base e of 2
</span><span data-line="12">`M_LN10 -- log base e of 10
</span><span data-line="13">`M_SQRT2 -- sqrt(2)
</span><span data-line="14">`M_SQRT1_2 -- 1/sqrt(2)
</span></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="using-the-library">
<h2>Using the Library.<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-library" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Just add “-m va_math” to your iverilog command line/command file and
`include the “constants.vams” file as needed.</p>
</section>
<section id="thanks">
<h2>Thanks<a class="headerlink" href="#thanks" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>I would like to thank Larry Doolittle for his suggestions and
Stephen Williams for developing Icarus Verilog.</p>
</section>
</section>
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