diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 0b52be2..b3df42a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
   intentional width-extending operations such as `+ 0` and `* 1`
 * Fixed forced conversion to `reg` of data sensed in an edge-controlled
   procedural assignment
+* `always_comb` and `always_latch` now generate explicit sensitivity lists where
+  necessary because of calls to functions which reference non-local data
 
 ## v0.0.9
 
diff --git a/src/Convert/AlwaysKW.hs b/src/Convert/AlwaysKW.hs
index 70ffefc..7e782a2 100644
--- a/src/Convert/AlwaysKW.hs
+++ b/src/Convert/AlwaysKW.hs
@@ -3,24 +3,224 @@
  -
  - Conversion for `always_latch`, `always_comb`, and `always_ff`
  -
- - `always_latch` -> `always @*`
- - `always_comb` -> `always @*`
- - `always_ff` -> `always`
+ - `always_comb` and `always_latch` become `always @*`, or produce an explicit
+ - sensitivity list if they need to pick up sensitivities from the functions
+ - they call. `always_ff` simply becomes `always`.
+ -
+ - TODO: `always_comb` blocks do not run at time zero
  -}
 
 module Convert.AlwaysKW (convert) where
 
+import Control.Monad.State.Strict
+import Control.Monad.Writer.Strict
+import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, mapMaybe)
+
+import Convert.Scoper
 import Convert.Traverse
 import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
 
 convert :: [AST] -> [AST]
-convert = map $ traverseDescriptions $ traverseModuleItems replaceAlwaysKW
+convert = map $ traverseDescriptions traverseDescription
 
-replaceAlwaysKW :: ModuleItem -> ModuleItem
-replaceAlwaysKW (AlwaysC AlwaysLatch stmt) =
-    AlwaysC Always $ Timing (Event EventStar) stmt
-replaceAlwaysKW (AlwaysC AlwaysComb stmt) =
-    AlwaysC Always $ Timing (Event EventStar) stmt
-replaceAlwaysKW (AlwaysC AlwaysFF stmt) =
-    AlwaysC Always stmt
-replaceAlwaysKW other = other
+traverseDescription :: Description -> Description
+traverseDescription description@Part{} =
+    evalState (evalScoperT $ scopePart op description) mempty
+    where op = traverseModuleItem >=> scoper
+traverseDescription description = description
+
+type SC = ScoperT Kind (State (Any, [Expr]))
+
+type PortDir = (Identifier, Direction)
+
+data Kind
+    = Const Expr
+    | Var
+    | Proc [Expr] [PortDir]
+    deriving Eq
+
+scoper :: ModuleItem -> SC ModuleItem
+scoper = scopeModuleItem traverseDecl return traverseGenItem traverseStmt
+
+-- track declarations and visit expressions they contain
+traverseDecl :: Decl -> SC Decl
+traverseDecl decl = do
+    case decl of
+        Param    s _ x e   -> do
+            -- handle references to local constants
+            e' <- if s == Localparam
+                    then scopeExpr e
+                    else return Nil
+            insertElem x $ Const e'
+        ParamType  _ x _   -> insertElem x $ Const Nil
+        Variable _ _ x _ _ -> do
+            -- don't let the second visit of a function or task overwrite the
+            -- Proc entry that was just generated
+            details <- lookupLocalIdentM x
+            case details of
+                Just (_, _, Proc{}) -> return ()
+                _ -> insertElem x Var
+        Net  _ _ _ _ x _ _ -> insertElem x Var
+        CommentDecl{} -> return ()
+    traverseDeclExprsM traverseExpr decl
+
+-- track expressions and subroutines in a statement
+traverseStmt :: Stmt -> SC Stmt
+traverseStmt (Subroutine expr args) =
+    traverseCall Subroutine expr args
+traverseStmt stmt = traverseStmtExprsM traverseExpr stmt
+
+-- visit tasks, functions, and always blocks in generate scopes
+traverseGenItem :: GenItem -> SC GenItem
+traverseGenItem (GenModuleItem item) =
+    traverseModuleItem item >>= return . GenModuleItem
+traverseGenItem other = return other
+
+-- identify variables referenced within an expression
+traverseExpr :: Expr -> SC Expr
+traverseExpr (Call expr args) =
+    traverseCall Call expr args
+traverseExpr expr = do
+    prefix <- embedScopes longestStaticPrefix expr
+    case prefix of
+        Just expr' -> push (Any False, [expr']) >> return expr
+        _ -> traverseSinglyNestedExprsM traverseExpr expr
+
+-- turn a reference to a variable into a canonicalized longest static prefix, if
+-- possible, per IEEE 1800-2017 Section 11.5.3
+longestStaticPrefix :: Scopes Kind -> Expr -> Maybe Expr
+longestStaticPrefix scopes expr@Ident{} =
+    asVar scopes expr
+longestStaticPrefix scopes (Range expr mode (l, r)) = do
+    expr' <- longestStaticPrefix scopes expr
+    l' <- asConst scopes l
+    r' <- asConst scopes r
+    Just $ Range expr' mode (l', r')
+longestStaticPrefix scopes (Bit expr idx) = do
+    expr' <- longestStaticPrefix scopes expr
+    idx' <- asConst scopes idx
+    Just $ Bit expr' idx'
+longestStaticPrefix scopes orig@(Dot expr field) =
+    case asVar scopes orig of
+        Just orig' -> Just orig'
+        _ -> do
+            expr' <- longestStaticPrefix scopes expr
+            Just $ Dot expr' field
+longestStaticPrefix _ _ =
+    Nothing
+
+-- lookup an expression as an outwardly-visible variable
+asVar :: Scopes Kind -> Expr -> Maybe Expr
+asVar scopes expr = do
+    (accesses, _, Var) <- lookupElem scopes expr
+    if visible accesses
+        then Just $ accessesToExpr accesses
+        else Nothing
+
+visible :: [Access] -> Bool
+visible = not . elem (Access "" Nil)
+
+-- lookup an expression as a hoist-able constant
+asConst :: Scopes Kind -> Expr -> Maybe Expr
+asConst scopes expr =
+    case runWriter $ asConstRaw scopes expr of
+        (expr', Any False) -> Just expr'
+        _ -> Nothing
+
+asConstRaw :: Scopes Kind -> Expr -> Writer Any Expr
+asConstRaw scopes expr =
+    case lookupElem scopes expr of
+        Just (_, _, Const Nil) -> recurse
+        Just (_, _, Const expr') -> asConstRaw scopes expr'
+        Just{} -> tell (Any True) >> return Nil
+        Nothing -> recurse
+    where
+        recurse = traverseSinglyNestedExprsM (asConstRaw scopes) expr
+
+-- special handling for subroutine invocations and function calls
+traverseCall :: (Expr -> Args -> a) -> Expr -> Args -> SC a
+traverseCall constructor expr args = do
+    details <- lookupElemM expr
+    expr' <- traverseExpr expr
+    args' <- case details of
+        Just (_, _, Proc exprs ps) -> do
+            when (not $ null exprs) $
+                push (Any True, exprs)
+            traverseArgs ps args
+        _ -> traverseArgs [] args
+    return $ constructor expr' args'
+
+-- treats output ports as assignment-like contexts
+traverseArgs :: [PortDir] -> Args -> SC Args
+traverseArgs ps (Args pnArgs kwArgs) = do
+    pnArgs' <- zipWithM usingPN [0..] pnArgs
+    kwArgs' <- mapM usingKW kwArgs
+    return (Args pnArgs' kwArgs')
+    where
+
+        usingPN :: Int -> Expr -> SC Expr
+        usingPN key val = do
+            if dir == Output
+                then return val
+                else traverseExpr val
+            where dir = if key < length ps
+                            then snd $ ps !! key
+                            else Input
+
+        usingKW :: (Identifier, Expr) -> SC (Identifier, Expr)
+        usingKW (key, val) = do
+            val' <- if dir == Output
+                        then return val
+                        else traverseExpr val
+            return (key, val')
+            where dir = fromMaybe Input $ lookup key ps
+
+-- append to the non-local expression state
+push :: (Any, [Expr]) -> SC ()
+push x = lift $ modify' (x <>)
+
+-- custom traversal which converts SystemVerilog `always` keywords and tracks
+-- information about task and functions
+traverseModuleItem :: ModuleItem -> SC ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItem (AlwaysC AlwaysLatch stmt) = do
+    e <- fmap toEvent $ findNonLocals $ Initial stmt
+    return $ AlwaysC Always $ Timing (Event e) stmt
+traverseModuleItem (AlwaysC AlwaysComb stmt) = do
+    e <- fmap toEvent $ findNonLocals $ Initial stmt
+    return $ AlwaysC Always $ Timing (Event e) stmt
+traverseModuleItem (AlwaysC AlwaysFF stmt) =
+    return $ AlwaysC Always stmt
+traverseModuleItem item@(MIPackageItem (Function _ _ x decls _)) = do
+    (_, s) <- findNonLocals item
+    insertElem x $ Proc s (ports decls)
+    return item
+traverseModuleItem item@(MIPackageItem (Task _ x decls _)) = do
+    insertElem x $ Proc [] (ports decls)
+    return item
+traverseModuleItem other = return other
+
+toEvent :: (Bool, [Expr]) -> Event
+toEvent (False, _) = EventStar
+toEvent (True, exprs) =
+    EventExpr $ foldl1 EventExprOr $ map (EventExprEdge NoEdge) exprs
+
+-- turn a list of port declarations into a port direction map
+ports :: [Decl] -> [PortDir]
+ports = filter ((/= Local) . snd) . map port
+
+port :: Decl -> PortDir
+port (Variable d _ x _ _) = (x, d)
+port (Net  d _ _ _ x _ _) = (x, d)
+port _ = ("", Local)
+
+-- get a list of non-local variables referenced within a module item, and
+-- whether or not this module item references any functions which themselves
+-- reference non-local variables
+findNonLocals :: ModuleItem -> SC (Bool, [Expr])
+findNonLocals item = do
+    scopes <- get
+    lift $ put mempty
+    _ <- scoper item
+    (anys, exprs) <- lift get
+    let nonLocals = mapMaybe (longestStaticPrefix scopes) exprs
+    return (getAny anys, nonLocals)
diff --git a/test/core/always_prefix.sv b/test/core/always_prefix.sv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de1540f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_prefix.sv
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+`define ALWAYS(trigger) always_comb
+`include "always_prefix.vh"
diff --git a/test/core/always_prefix.v b/test/core/always_prefix.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2a2c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_prefix.v
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+`define ALWAYS(trigger) always @(trigger)
+`include "always_prefix.vh"
diff --git a/test/core/always_prefix.vh b/test/core/always_prefix.vh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28bb2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_prefix.vh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+module mod(
+    input wire [3:0] idx,
+    input wire [14:0] data
+);
+    localparam Y = 2;
+    localparam X = 10000;
+
+`define TEST(expr, trigger, extra) \
+    if (1) begin \
+        function automatic f; \
+            input reg ignored; \
+            localparam X = Y + 1; \
+            localparam THREE = X; \
+            f = expr; \
+        endfunction \
+        `ALWAYS(trigger) begin : blk \
+            localparam ZERO = 0; \
+            $display(`"%2d %b expr trigger`", \
+                $time, f(ZERO) extra); \
+        end \
+    end
+
+`define TEST_SIMPLE(expr) `TEST(expr, expr, )
+
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data)
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[1])
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[4])
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[4:1])
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[10:1])
+
+localparam ONE = 1;
+parameter FOUR = 4;
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[ONE])
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[FOUR])
+    `TEST_SIMPLE(data[FOUR:ONE])
+
+    `TEST(data[idx], data or idx, )
+    `TEST(data[idx+:2], data or idx, )
+
+    `TEST(data[THREE], data[3], )
+    `TEST(data[ignored], data, )
+    `TEST(data[THREE], data[0] or data[3], & data[0])
+endmodule
diff --git a/test/core/always_prefix_tb.v b/test/core/always_prefix_tb.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdb9d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_prefix_tb.v
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+module top;
+    reg [3:0] idx;
+    reg [14:0] data;
+    mod m(idx, data);
+    initial begin
+        #1 data = 0;
+        #1 idx = 0;
+        #1 data[0] = 1;
+        #1 data[4] = 1;
+        #1 data[5] = 1;
+        #1 data[3] = 1;
+        #1 data[8] = 1;
+        #1 idx = 0;
+        #1 idx = 1;
+        #1 data[0] = 0;
+        #1 data[0] = 1;
+    end
+endmodule
diff --git a/test/core/always_sense.sv b/test/core/always_sense.sv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bdbac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_sense.sv
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+module mod(
+    input wire inp1, inp2,
+    output reg out1, out2, out3, out4, out5, out6, out7, out8, out9, outA, outB
+);
+    localparam ZERO = 0;
+
+    task automatic t;
+        output reg o;
+        o = inp1;
+    endtask
+
+    function automatic flop;
+        input reg i;
+        flop = i;
+    endfunction
+    function automatic flip;
+        input reg i;
+        flip = flop(~i);
+    endfunction
+
+    function automatic f;
+        input reg i; // ignored
+        f = inp2;
+    endfunction
+    function automatic g;
+        input reg inp1; // ignored
+        g = f(ZERO) & mod.inp1;
+    endfunction
+
+    function void u;
+        output reg o;
+        o = inp1;
+    endfunction
+
+    task automatic asgn;
+        output reg o;
+        input reg i;
+        o = i;
+    endtask
+
+    always_comb
+        t(out1);
+    always_comb
+        out2 = f(ZERO);
+    always_comb
+        out3 = f(ZERO) & inp1;
+    always_comb
+        out4 = g(ZERO);
+    always_comb
+        out5 = flip(inp1);
+    always_comb begin
+        reg x;
+        x = g(ZERO);
+        out6 = x;
+    end
+    always_comb
+        u(out7);
+    parameter ONE = 1;
+    if (ONE)
+        always_comb begin
+            asgn(out8, flip(inp1));
+            out9 = f(ZERO);
+        end
+    always_latch
+        if (inp1)
+            outA = f(ZERO);
+
+    struct packed {
+        logic x, y;
+    } s;
+    assign s = {inp1, inp2};
+    function automatic h;
+        input reg i; // ignored
+        h = s.y;
+    endfunction
+    always_comb
+        outB = h(ZERO);
+endmodule
diff --git a/test/core/always_sense.v b/test/core/always_sense.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e88392c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_sense.v
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+module mod(
+    input wire inp1, inp2,
+    output reg out1, out2, out3, out4, out5, out6, out7, out8, out9, outA, outB
+);
+    localparam ZERO = 0;
+
+    task automatic t;
+        output reg o;
+        o = inp1;
+    endtask
+
+    function automatic flop;
+        input reg i;
+        flop = i;
+    endfunction
+    function automatic flip;
+        input reg i;
+        flip = flop(~i);
+    endfunction
+
+    function automatic f;
+        input reg i; // ignored
+        f = inp2;
+    endfunction
+    function automatic g;
+        input reg i; // ignored
+        g = f(ZERO) & inp1;
+    endfunction
+
+    task automatic u;
+        output reg o;
+        o = inp1;
+    endtask
+
+    task automatic asgn;
+        output reg o;
+        input reg i;
+        o = i;
+    endtask
+
+    always @*
+        t(out1);
+    always @(inp2)
+        out2 = f(ZERO);
+    always @(inp1, inp2)
+        out3 = f(ZERO) & inp1;
+    always @(inp1, inp2)
+        out4 = g(ZERO);
+    always @*
+        out5 = flip(inp1);
+    always @(inp1, inp2) begin : blk
+        reg x;
+        x = g(ZERO);
+        out6 = x;
+    end
+    always @(inp1)
+        u(out7);
+    parameter ONE = 1;
+    if (ONE)
+        always @(inp1, inp2) begin
+            asgn(out8, flip(inp1));
+            out9 = f(ZERO);
+        end
+    always @(inp1, inp2)
+        if (inp1)
+            outA = f(ZERO);
+
+    wire [1:0] s;
+    assign s = {inp1, inp2};
+    function automatic h;
+        input reg i; // ignored
+        h = s[0];
+    endfunction
+    always @(s[0])
+        outB = h(ZERO);
+endmodule
diff --git a/test/core/always_sense_tb.v b/test/core/always_sense_tb.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dd6af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/always_sense_tb.v
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+module top;
+    reg inp1, inp2;
+    wire out1, out2, out3, out4, out5, out6, out7, out8, out9, outA, outB;
+    mod m(inp1, inp2, out1, out2, out3, out4, out5, out6, out7, out8, out9, outA, outB);
+    initial begin
+        $monitor(inp1, inp2,
+            out1, out2, out3, out4, out5, out6, out7, out8, out9, outA, outB);
+        repeat (2) begin
+            #1 inp1 = 0;
+            #1 inp2 = 0;
+            #1 inp2 = 1;
+
+            #1 inp1 = 1;
+            #1 inp2 = 0;
+            #1 inp2 = 1;
+
+            #1 inp2 = 0;
+            #1 inp1 = 0;
+            #1 inp1 = 1;
+
+            #1 inp2 = 1;
+            #1 inp1 = 0;
+            #1 inp1 = 1;
+        end
+    end
+endmodule