package coursier

import java.math.BigInteger
import java.net.{ HttpURLConnection, URL, URLConnection, URLStreamHandler, URLStreamHandlerFactory }
import java.nio.channels.{ OverlappingFileLockException, FileLock }
import java.security.MessageDigest
import java.util.concurrent.{ ConcurrentHashMap, Executors, ExecutorService }
import java.util.regex.Pattern

import coursier.core.Authentication
import coursier.ivy.IvyRepository
import coursier.internal.FileUtil
import coursier.util.Base64.Encoder

import scala.annotation.tailrec

import scalaz._
import scalaz.Scalaz.ToEitherOps
import scalaz.concurrent.{ Task, Strategy }

import java.io.{ Serializable => _, _ }

import scala.concurrent.duration.{ Duration, DurationInt }
import scala.util.Try
import scala.util.control.NonFatal

trait AuthenticatedURLConnection extends URLConnection {
  def authenticate(authentication: Authentication): Unit
}

object Cache {

  // Check SHA-1 if available, else be fine with no checksum
  val defaultChecksums = Seq(Some("SHA-1"), None)

  private val unsafeChars: Set[Char] = " %$&+,:;=?@<>#".toSet

  // Scala version of http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4571346/how-to-encode-url-to-avoid-special-characters-in-java/4605848#4605848
  // '/' was removed from the unsafe character list
  private def escape(input: String): String = {

    def toHex(ch: Int) =
      (if (ch < 10) '0' + ch else 'A' + ch - 10).toChar

    def isUnsafe(ch: Char) =
      ch > 128 || ch < 0 || unsafeChars(ch)

    input.flatMap {
      case ch if isUnsafe(ch) =>
        "%" + toHex(ch / 16) + toHex(ch % 16)
      case other =>
        other.toString
    }
  }

  def localFile(url: String, cache: File, user: Option[String]): File = {
    val path =
      if (url.startsWith("file:///"))
        url.stripPrefix("file://")
      else if (url.startsWith("file:/"))
        url.stripPrefix("file:")
      else
        // FIXME Should we fully parse the URL here?
        // FIXME Should some safeguards be added against '..' components in paths?
        url.split(":", 2) match {
          case Array(protocol, remaining) =>
            val remaining0 =
              if (remaining.startsWith("///"))
                remaining.stripPrefix("///")
              else if (remaining.startsWith("/"))
                remaining.stripPrefix("/")
              else
                throw new Exception(s"URL $url doesn't contain an absolute path")

            val remaining1 =
              if (remaining0.endsWith("/"))
                // keeping directory content in .directory files
                remaining0 + ".directory"
              else
                remaining0

            new File(
              cache,
              escape(protocol + "/" + user.fold("")(_ + "@") + remaining1.dropWhile(_ == '/'))
            ).toString

          case _ =>
            throw new Exception(s"No protocol found in URL $url")
        }

    new File(path)
  }

  private def readFullyTo(
    in: InputStream,
    out: OutputStream,
    logger: Option[Logger],
    url: String,
    alreadyDownloaded: Long
  ): Unit = {

    val b = Array.fill[Byte](bufferSize)(0)

    @tailrec
    def helper(count: Long): Unit = {
      val read = in.read(b)
      if (read >= 0) {
        out.write(b, 0, read)
        out.flush()
        logger.foreach(_.downloadProgress(url, count + read))
        helper(count + read)
      }
    }

    helper(alreadyDownloaded)
  }

  private val processStructureLocks = new ConcurrentHashMap[File, AnyRef]

  /**
    * Should be acquired when doing operations changing the file structure of the cache (creating
    * new directories, creating / acquiring locks, ...), so that these don't hinder each other.
    *
    * Should hopefully address some transient errors seen on the CI of ensime-server.
    */
  private def withStructureLock[T](cache: File)(f: => T): T = {

    val intraProcessLock = Option(processStructureLocks.get(cache)).getOrElse {
      val lock = new AnyRef
      val prev = Option(processStructureLocks.putIfAbsent(cache, lock))
      prev.getOrElse(lock)
    }

    intraProcessLock.synchronized {
      val lockFile = new File(cache, ".structure.lock")
      lockFile.getParentFile.mkdirs()
      var out = new FileOutputStream(lockFile)

      try {
        var lock: FileLock = null
        try {
          lock = out.getChannel.lock()

          try f
          finally {
            lock.release()
            lock = null
            out.close()
            out = null
            lockFile.delete()
          }
        }
        finally if (lock != null) lock.release()
      } finally if (out != null) out.close()
    }
  }

  def withLockFor[T](cache: File, file: File)(f: => FileError \/ T): FileError \/ T = {
    val lockFile = new File(file.getParentFile, s"${file.getName}.lock")

    var out: FileOutputStream = null

    withStructureLock(cache) {
      lockFile.getParentFile.mkdirs()
      out = new FileOutputStream(lockFile)
    }

    try {
      var lock: FileLock = null
      try {
        lock = out.getChannel.tryLock()
        if (lock == null)
          -\/(FileError.Locked(file))
        else
          try f
          finally {
            lock.release()
            lock = null
            out.close()
            out = null
            lockFile.delete()
          }
      }
      catch {
        case e: OverlappingFileLockException =>
          -\/(FileError.Locked(file))
      }
      finally if (lock != null) lock.release()
    } finally if (out != null) out.close()
  }

  private def downloading[T](
    url: String,
    file: File,
    logger: Option[Logger]
  )(
    f: => FileError \/ T
  ): FileError \/ T =
    try {
      val o = new Object
      val prev = urlLocks.putIfAbsent(url, o)
      if (prev == null) {
        logger.foreach(_.downloadingArtifact(url, file))

        val res =
          try \/-(f)
          catch {
            case nfe: FileNotFoundException if nfe.getMessage != null =>
              logger.foreach(_.downloadedArtifact(url, success = false))
              -\/(-\/(FileError.NotFound(nfe.getMessage)))
            case e: Exception =>
              logger.foreach(_.downloadedArtifact(url, success = false))
              throw e
          }
          finally {
            urlLocks.remove(url)
          }

        for (res0 <- res)
          logger.foreach(_.downloadedArtifact(url, success = res0.isRight))

        res.merge
      } else
        -\/(FileError.ConcurrentDownload(url))
    }
    catch { case e: Exception =>
      -\/(FileError.DownloadError(s"Caught $e${Option(e.getMessage).fold("")(" (" + _ + ")")}"))
    }

  private def temporaryFile(file: File): File = {
    val dir = file.getParentFile
    val name = file.getName
    new File(dir, s"$name.part")
  }

  private val partialContentResponseCode = 206

  private val handlerClsCache = new ConcurrentHashMap[String, Option[URLStreamHandler]]

  private def handlerFor(url: String): Option[URLStreamHandler] = {
    val protocol = url.takeWhile(_ != ':')

    Option(handlerClsCache.get(protocol)) match {
      case None =>
        val clsName = s"coursier.cache.protocol.${protocol.capitalize}Handler"
        def clsOpt(loader: ClassLoader): Option[Class[_]] =
          try Some(loader.loadClass(clsName))
          catch {
            case _: ClassNotFoundException =>
              None
          }

        val clsOpt0: Option[Class[_]] = clsOpt(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader)
          .orElse(clsOpt(getClass.getClassLoader))

        def printError(e: Exception): Unit =
          scala.Console.err.println(
            s"Cannot instantiate $clsName: $e${Option(e.getMessage).fold("")(" ("+_+")")}"
          )

        val handlerFactoryOpt = clsOpt0.flatMap {
          cls =>
            try Some(cls.newInstance().asInstanceOf[URLStreamHandlerFactory])
            catch {
              case e: InstantiationException =>
                printError(e)
                None
              case e: IllegalAccessException =>
                printError(e)
                None
              case e: ClassCastException =>
                printError(e)
                None
            }
        }

        val handlerOpt = handlerFactoryOpt.flatMap {
          factory =>
            try Some(factory.createURLStreamHandler(protocol))
            catch {
              case NonFatal(e) =>
                scala.Console.err.println(
                  s"Cannot get handler for $protocol from $clsName: $e${Option(e.getMessage).fold("")(" ("+_+")")}"
                )
                None
            }
        }

        val prevOpt = Option(handlerClsCache.putIfAbsent(protocol, handlerOpt))
        prevOpt.getOrElse(handlerOpt)

      case Some(handlerOpt) =>
        handlerOpt
    }
  }

  private val BasicRealm = (
    "^" +
      Pattern.quote("Basic realm=\"") +
      "([^" + Pattern.quote("\"") + "]*)" +
      Pattern.quote("\"") +
    "$"
  ).r

  private def basicAuthenticationEncode(user: String, password: String): String =
    (user + ":" + password).getBytes("UTF-8").toBase64

  /**
    * Returns a `java.net.URL` for `s`, possibly using the custom protocol handlers found under the
    * `coursier.cache.protocol` namespace.
    *
    * E.g. URL `"test://abc.com/foo"`, having protocol `"test"`, can be handled by a
    * `URLStreamHandler` named `coursier.cache.protocol.TestHandler` (protocol name gets
    * capitalized, and suffixed with `Handler` to get the class name).
    *
    * @param s
    * @return
    */
  def url(s: String): URL =
    new URL(null, s, handlerFor(s).orNull)

  private def download(
    artifact: Artifact,
    cache: File,
    checksums: Set[String],
    cachePolicy: CachePolicy,
    pool: ExecutorService,
    logger: Option[Logger] = None,
    ttl: Option[Duration] = defaultTtl
  ): Task[Seq[((File, String), FileError \/ Unit)]] = {

    implicit val pool0 = pool

    // Reference file - if it exists, and we get not found errors on some URLs, we assume
    // we can keep track of these missing, and not try to get them again later.
    val referenceFileOpt = artifact
      .extra
      .get("metadata")
      .map(a => localFile(a.url, cache, a.authentication.map(_.user)))

    def referenceFileExists: Boolean = referenceFileOpt.exists(_.exists())

    def urlConn(url0: String) = {
      var conn: URLConnection = null

      try {
        conn = url(url0).openConnection() // FIXME Should this be closed?
        // Dummy user-agent instead of the default "Java/...",
        // so that we are not returned incomplete/erroneous metadata
        // (Maven 2 compatibility? - happens for snapshot versioning metadata,
        // this is SO FSCKING CRAZY)
        conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "")

        for (auth <- artifact.authentication)
          conn match {
            case authenticated: AuthenticatedURLConnection =>
              authenticated.authenticate(auth)
            case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
              conn0.setRequestProperty(
                "Authorization",
                "Basic " + basicAuthenticationEncode(auth.user, auth.password)
              )
            case _ =>
            // FIXME Authentication is ignored
          }

        conn
      } catch {
        case NonFatal(e) =>
          if (conn != null)
            conn match {
              case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
                conn0.getInputStream.close()
                conn0.disconnect()
              case _ =>
            }
          throw e
      }
    }


    def fileLastModified(file: File): EitherT[Task, FileError, Option[Long]] =
      EitherT {
        Task {
          \/- {
            val lastModified = file.lastModified()
            if (lastModified > 0L)
              Some(lastModified)
            else
              None
          } : FileError \/ Option[Long]
        }
      }

    def urlLastModified(
      url: String,
      currentLastModifiedOpt: Option[Long], // for the logger
      logger: Option[Logger]
    ): EitherT[Task, FileError, Option[Long]] =
      EitherT {
        Task {
          var conn: URLConnection = null

          try {
            conn = urlConn(url)

            conn match {
              case c: HttpURLConnection =>
                logger.foreach(_.checkingUpdates(url, currentLastModifiedOpt))

                var success = false
                try {
                  c.setRequestMethod("HEAD")
                  val remoteLastModified = c.getLastModified

                  // TODO 404 Not found could be checked here

                  val res =
                    if (remoteLastModified > 0L)
                      Some(remoteLastModified)
                    else
                      None

                  success = true
                  logger.foreach(_.checkingUpdatesResult(url, currentLastModifiedOpt, res))

                  res.right
                } finally {
                  if (!success)
                    logger.foreach(_.checkingUpdatesResult(url, currentLastModifiedOpt, None))
                }

              case other =>
                -\/(FileError.DownloadError(s"Cannot do HEAD request with connection $other ($url)"))
            }
          } finally {
            if (conn != null)
              conn match {
                case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
                  conn0.disconnect()
                case _ =>
              }
          }
        }
      }

    def fileExists(file: File): Task[Boolean] =
      Task {
        file.exists()
      }

    def ttlFile(file: File): File =
      new File(file.getParent, s".${file.getName}.checked")

    def lastCheck(file: File): Task[Option[Long]] = {

      val ttlFile0 = ttlFile(file)

      Task {
        if (ttlFile0.exists())
          Some(ttlFile0.lastModified()).filter(_ > 0L)
        else
          None
      }
    }

    /** Not wrapped in a `Task` !!! */
    def doTouchCheckFile(file: File): Unit = {
      val ts = System.currentTimeMillis()
      val f = ttlFile(file)
      if (f.exists())
        f.setLastModified(ts)
      else {
        val fos = new FileOutputStream(f)
        fos.write(Array.empty[Byte])
        fos.close()
      }
    }

    def shouldDownload(file: File, url: String): EitherT[Task, FileError, Boolean] = {

      def checkNeeded = ttl.fold(Task.now(true)) { ttl =>
        if (ttl.isFinite())
          lastCheck(file).flatMap {
            case None => Task.now(true)
            case Some(ts) =>
              Task(System.currentTimeMillis()).map(_ > ts + ttl.toMillis)
          }
        else
          Task.now(false)
      }

      def check = for {
        fileLastModOpt <- fileLastModified(file)
        urlLastModOpt <- urlLastModified(url, fileLastModOpt, logger)
      } yield {
        val fromDatesOpt = for {
          fileLastMod <- fileLastModOpt
          urlLastMod <- urlLastModOpt
        } yield fileLastMod < urlLastMod

        fromDatesOpt.getOrElse(true)
      }

      EitherT {
        fileExists(file).flatMap {
          case false =>
            Task.now(true.right)
          case true =>
            checkNeeded.flatMap {
              case false =>
                Task.now(false.right)
              case true =>
                check.run.flatMap {
                  case \/-(false) =>
                    Task {
                      doTouchCheckFile(file)
                      \/-(false)
                    }
                  case other =>
                    Task.now(other)
                }
            }
        }
      }
    }

    def responseCode(conn: URLConnection): Option[Int] =
      conn match {
        case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
          Some(conn0.getResponseCode)
        case _ =>
          None
      }

    def realm(conn: URLConnection): Option[String] =
      conn match {
        case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
          Option(conn0.getHeaderField("WWW-Authenticate")).collect {
            case BasicRealm(realm) => realm
          }
        case _ =>
          None
      }

    def remote(
      file: File,
      url: String
    ): EitherT[Task, FileError, Unit] =
      EitherT {
        Task {
          withLockFor(cache, file) {
            downloading(url, file, logger) {
              val tmp = temporaryFile(file)

              val alreadyDownloaded = tmp.length()

              var conn: URLConnection = null

              try {
                conn = urlConn(url)

                val partialDownload = conn match {
                  case conn0: HttpURLConnection if alreadyDownloaded > 0L =>
                    conn0.setRequestProperty("Range", s"bytes=$alreadyDownloaded-")

                    (conn0.getResponseCode == partialContentResponseCode) && {
                      val ackRange = Option(conn0.getHeaderField("Content-Range")).getOrElse("")

                      ackRange.startsWith(s"bytes $alreadyDownloaded-") || {
                        // unrecognized Content-Range header -> start a new connection with no resume
                        conn0.getInputStream.close()
                        conn0.disconnect()
                        conn = urlConn(url)
                        false
                      }
                    }
                  case _ => false
                }

                if (responseCode(conn) == Some(404))
                  FileError.NotFound(url, permanent = Some(true)).left
                else if (responseCode(conn) == Some(401))
                  FileError.Unauthorized(url, realm = realm(conn)).left
                else {
                  // TODO Use the safer getContentLengthLong when switching back to Java >= 7
                  for (len0 <- Option(conn.getContentLength) if len0 >= 0L) {
                    val len = len0 + (if (partialDownload) alreadyDownloaded else 0L)
                    logger.foreach(_.downloadLength(url, len, alreadyDownloaded))
                  }

                  val in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream, bufferSize)

                  val result =
                    try {
                      val out = withStructureLock(cache) {
                        tmp.getParentFile.mkdirs()
                        new FileOutputStream(tmp, partialDownload)
                      }
                      try readFullyTo(in, out, logger, url, if (partialDownload) alreadyDownloaded else 0L)
                      finally out.close()
                    } finally in.close()

                  withStructureLock(cache) {
                    file.getParentFile.mkdirs()
                    FileUtil.atomicMove(tmp, file)
                  }

                  for (lastModified <- Option(conn.getLastModified) if lastModified > 0L)
                    file.setLastModified(lastModified)

                  doTouchCheckFile(file)

                  result.right
                }
              } finally {
                if (conn != null)
                  conn match {
                    case conn0: HttpURLConnection =>
                      conn0.disconnect()
                    case _ =>
                  }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }

    def remoteKeepErrors(file: File, url: String): EitherT[Task, FileError, Unit] = {

      val errFile = new File(file.getParentFile, "." + file.getName + ".error")

      def validErrFileExists =
        EitherT {
          Task {
            (referenceFileExists && errFile.exists()).right[FileError]
          }
        }

      def createErrFile =
        EitherT {
          Task {
            if (referenceFileExists) {
              if (!errFile.exists())
                FileUtil.write(errFile, "".getBytes("UTF-8"))
            }

            ().right[FileError]
          }
        }

      def deleteErrFile =
        EitherT {
          Task {
            if (errFile.exists())
              errFile.delete()

            ().right[FileError]
          }
        }

      def retainError =
        EitherT {
          remote(file, url).run.flatMap {
            case err @ -\/(FileError.NotFound(_, Some(true))) =>
              createErrFile.run.map(_ => err)
            case other =>
              deleteErrFile.run.map(_ => other)
          }
        }

      cachePolicy match {
        case CachePolicy.FetchMissing | CachePolicy.LocalOnly | CachePolicy.LocalUpdate | CachePolicy.LocalUpdateChanging =>
          validErrFileExists.flatMap { exists =>
            if (exists)
              EitherT(Task.now(FileError.NotFound(url, Some(true)).left[Unit]))
            else
              retainError
          }

        case CachePolicy.ForceDownload | CachePolicy.Update | CachePolicy.UpdateChanging =>
          retainError
      }
    }

    def checkFileExists(file: File, url: String, log: Boolean = true): EitherT[Task, FileError, Unit] =
      EitherT {
        Task {
          if (file.exists()) {
            logger.foreach(_.foundLocally(url, file))
            \/-(())
          } else
            -\/(FileError.NotFound(file.toString))
        }
      }

    val urls =
      artifact.url +: {
        checksums
          .intersect(artifact.checksumUrls.keySet)
          .toSeq
          .map(artifact.checksumUrls)
      }

    val tasks =
      for (url <- urls) yield {
        val file = localFile(url, cache, artifact.authentication.map(_.user))

        val res =
          if (url.startsWith("file:/")) {
            // for debug purposes, flaky with URL-encoded chars anyway
            // def filtered(s: String) =
            //   s.stripPrefix("file:/").stripPrefix("//").stripSuffix("/")
            // assert(
            //   filtered(url) == filtered(file.toURI.toString),
            //   s"URL: ${filtered(url)}, file: ${filtered(file.toURI.toString)}"
            // )
            checkFileExists(file, url)
          } else {
            def update = shouldDownload(file, url).flatMap {
              case true =>
                remoteKeepErrors(file, url)
              case false =>
                EitherT(Task.now[FileError \/ Unit](().right))
            }

            val cachePolicy0 = cachePolicy match {
              case CachePolicy.UpdateChanging if !artifact.changing =>
                CachePolicy.FetchMissing
              case CachePolicy.LocalUpdateChanging if !artifact.changing =>
                CachePolicy.LocalOnly
              case other =>
                other
            }

            cachePolicy0 match {
              case CachePolicy.LocalOnly =>
                checkFileExists(file, url)
              case CachePolicy.LocalUpdateChanging | CachePolicy.LocalUpdate =>
                checkFileExists(file, url, log = false).flatMap { _ =>
                  update
                }
              case CachePolicy.UpdateChanging | CachePolicy.Update =>
                update
              case CachePolicy.FetchMissing =>
                checkFileExists(file, url) orElse remoteKeepErrors(file, url)
              case CachePolicy.ForceDownload =>
                remoteKeepErrors(file, url)
            }
          }


        res.run.map((file, url) -> _)
      }

    Nondeterminism[Task].gather(tasks)
  }

  def parseChecksum(content: String): Option[BigInteger] = {
    val lines = content
      .linesIterator
      .toVector

    parseChecksumLine(lines) orElse parseChecksumAlternative(lines)
  }

  // matches md5 or sha1
  private val checksumPattern = Pattern.compile("^[0-9a-f]{32}([0-9a-f]{8})?")

  private def findChecksum(elems: Seq[String]): Option[BigInteger] =
    elems.collectFirst {
      case rawSum if checksumPattern.matcher(rawSum).matches() =>
        new BigInteger(rawSum, 16)
    }

  private def parseChecksumLine(lines: Seq[String]): Option[BigInteger] =
    findChecksum(lines.map(_.toLowerCase.replaceAll("\\s", "")))

  private def parseChecksumAlternative(lines: Seq[String]): Option[BigInteger] =
    findChecksum(lines.flatMap(_.toLowerCase.split("\\s+")))

  def validateChecksum(
    artifact: Artifact,
    sumType: String,
    cache: File,
    pool: ExecutorService
  ): EitherT[Task, FileError, Unit] = {

    implicit val pool0 = pool

    val localFile0 = localFile(artifact.url, cache, artifact.authentication.map(_.user))

    EitherT {
      artifact.checksumUrls.get(sumType) match {
        case Some(sumUrl) =>
          val sumFile = localFile(sumUrl, cache, artifact.authentication.map(_.user))

          Task {
            val sumOpt = parseChecksum(
              new String(FileUtil.readAllBytes(sumFile), "UTF-8")
            )

            sumOpt match {
              case None =>
                FileError.ChecksumFormatError(sumType, sumFile.getPath).left

              case Some(sum) =>
                val md = MessageDigest.getInstance(sumType)

                val is = new FileInputStream(localFile0)
                try withContent(is, md.update(_, 0, _))
                finally is.close()

                val digest = md.digest()
                val calculatedSum = new BigInteger(1, digest)

                if (sum == calculatedSum)
                  ().right
                else
                  FileError.WrongChecksum(
                    sumType,
                    calculatedSum.toString(16),
                    sum.toString(16),
                    localFile0.getPath,
                    sumFile.getPath
                  ).left
            }
          }

        case None =>
          Task.now(FileError.ChecksumNotFound(sumType, localFile0.getPath).left)
      }
    }
  }

  def file(
    artifact: Artifact,
    cache: File = default,
    cachePolicy: CachePolicy = CachePolicy.FetchMissing,
    checksums: Seq[Option[String]] = defaultChecksums,
    logger: Option[Logger] = None,
    pool: ExecutorService = defaultPool,
    ttl: Option[Duration] = defaultTtl
  ): EitherT[Task, FileError, File] = {

    implicit val pool0 = pool

    val checksums0 = if (checksums.isEmpty) Seq(None) else checksums

    val res = EitherT {
      download(
        artifact,
        cache,
        checksums = checksums0.collect { case Some(c) => c }.toSet,
        cachePolicy,
        pool,
        logger = logger,
        ttl = ttl
      ).map { results =>
        val checksum = checksums0.find {
          case None => true
          case Some(c) =>
            artifact.checksumUrls.get(c).exists { cUrl =>
              results.exists { case ((_, u), b) =>
                u == cUrl && b.isRight
              }
            }
        }

        val ((f, _), res) = results.head
        res.flatMap { _ =>
          checksum match {
            case None =>
              // FIXME All the checksums should be in the error, possibly with their URLs
              //       from artifact.checksumUrls
              -\/(FileError.ChecksumNotFound(checksums0.last.get, ""))
            case Some(c) => \/-((f, c))
          }
        }
      }
    }

    res.flatMap {
      case (f, None) => EitherT(Task.now[FileError \/ File](\/-(f)))
      case (f, Some(c)) =>
        validateChecksum(artifact, c, cache, pool).map(_ => f)
    }
  }

  private val utf8Bom = "\ufeff"

  def fetch(
    cache: File = default,
    cachePolicy: CachePolicy = CachePolicy.FetchMissing,
    checksums: Seq[Option[String]] = defaultChecksums,
    logger: Option[Logger] = None,
    pool: ExecutorService = defaultPool,
    ttl: Option[Duration] = defaultTtl
  ): Fetch.Content[Task] = {
    artifact =>
      file(
        artifact,
        cache,
        cachePolicy,
        checksums = checksums,
        logger = logger,
        pool = pool,
        ttl = ttl
      ).leftMap(_.describe).flatMap { f =>

        def notFound(f: File) = Left(s"${f.getCanonicalPath} not found")

        def read(f: File) =
          try Right(new String(FileUtil.readAllBytes(f), "UTF-8").stripPrefix(utf8Bom))
          catch {
            case NonFatal(e) =>
              Left(s"Could not read (file:${f.getCanonicalPath}): ${e.getMessage}")
          }

        val res = if (f.exists()) {
          if (f.isDirectory) {
            if (artifact.url.startsWith("file:")) {

              val elements = f.listFiles().map { c =>
                val name = c.getName
                val name0 = if (c.isDirectory)
                  name + "/"
                else
                  name

                s"""<li><a href="$name0">$name0</a></li>"""
              }.mkString

              val page =
                s"""<!DOCTYPE html>
                   |<html>
                   |<head></head>
                   |<body>
                   |<ul>
                   |$elements
                   |</ul>
                   |</body>
                   |</html>
                 """.stripMargin

              Right(page)
            } else {
              val f0 = new File(f, ".directory")

              if (f0.exists()) {
                if (f0.isDirectory)
                  Left(s"Woops: ${f.getCanonicalPath} is a directory")
                else
                  read(f0)
              } else
                notFound(f0)
            }
          } else
            read(f)
        } else
          notFound(f)

        EitherT.fromEither(Task.now[Either[String, String]](res))
      }
  }

  private lazy val ivy2HomeUri = {
    // a bit touchy on Windows... - don't try to manually write down the URI with s"file://..."
    val str = new File(sys.props("user.home") + "/.ivy2/").toURI.toString
    if (str.endsWith("/"))
      str
    else
      str + "/"
  }

  lazy val ivy2Local = IvyRepository.fromPattern(
    (ivy2HomeUri + "local/") +: coursier.ivy.Pattern.default,
    dropInfoAttributes = true
  )

  lazy val ivy2Cache = IvyRepository.parse(
    ivy2HomeUri + "cache/" +
      "(scala_[scalaVersion]/)(sbt_[sbtVersion]/)[organisation]/[module]/[type]s/[artifact]-[revision](-[classifier]).[ext]",
    metadataPatternOpt = Some(
      ivy2HomeUri + "cache/" +
        "(scala_[scalaVersion]/)(sbt_[sbtVersion]/)[organisation]/[module]/[type]-[revision](-[classifier]).[ext]"
    ),
    withChecksums = false,
    withSignatures = false,
    dropInfoAttributes = true
  ).getOrElse(
    throw new Exception("Cannot happen")
  )

  lazy val default = new File(
    sys.env.getOrElse(
      "COURSIER_CACHE",
      sys.props("user.home") + "/.coursier/cache/v1"
    )
  ).getAbsoluteFile

  val defaultConcurrentDownloadCount = 6

  lazy val defaultPool =
    Executors.newFixedThreadPool(defaultConcurrentDownloadCount, Strategy.DefaultDaemonThreadFactory)

  lazy val defaultTtl: Option[Duration] = {
    def fromString(s: String) =
      Try(Duration(s)).toOption

    val fromEnv = sys.env.get("COURSIER_TTL").flatMap(fromString)
    def fromProps = sys.props.get("coursier.ttl").flatMap(fromString)
    def default = 24.hours

    fromEnv
      .orElse(fromProps)
      .orElse(Some(default))
  }

  private val urlLocks = new ConcurrentHashMap[String, Object]

  trait Logger {
    def foundLocally(url: String, f: File): Unit = {}

    def downloadingArtifact(url: String, file: File): Unit = {}

    @deprecated("Use / override the variant with 3 arguments instead")
    def downloadLength(url: String, length: Long): Unit = {}
    def downloadLength(url: String, totalLength: Long, alreadyDownloaded: Long): Unit = {
      downloadLength(url, totalLength)
    }

    def downloadProgress(url: String, downloaded: Long): Unit = {}

    def downloadedArtifact(url: String, success: Boolean): Unit = {}
    def checkingUpdates(url: String, currentTimeOpt: Option[Long]): Unit = {}
    def checkingUpdatesResult(url: String, currentTimeOpt: Option[Long], remoteTimeOpt: Option[Long]): Unit = {}
  }

  var bufferSize = 1024*1024

  def readFullySync(is: InputStream) = {
    val buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
    val data = Array.ofDim[Byte](16384)

    var nRead = is.read(data, 0, data.length)
    while (nRead != -1) {
      buffer.write(data, 0, nRead)
      nRead = is.read(data, 0, data.length)
    }

    buffer.flush()
    buffer.toByteArray
  }

  def withContent(is: InputStream, f: (Array[Byte], Int) => Unit): Unit = {
    val data = Array.ofDim[Byte](16384)

    var nRead = is.read(data, 0, data.length)
    while (nRead != -1) {
      f(data, nRead)
      nRead = is.read(data, 0, data.length)
    }
  }

}