diff --git a/cli/src/main/scala/coursier/cli/Helper.scala b/cli/src/main/scala/coursier/cli/Helper.scala
index db82754d4..3f1a98d4d 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/scala/coursier/cli/Helper.scala
+++ b/cli/src/main/scala/coursier/cli/Helper.scala
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class Helper(
   }
 
   val deps = moduleVersions.map{case (mod, ver) =>
-    Dependency(mod, ver, scope = Scope.Runtime)
+    Dependency(mod, ver, configuration = "runtime")
   }
 
   val forceVersions = {
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Definitions.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Definitions.scala
index 130b48092..44550acf0 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Definitions.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Definitions.scala
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ case class Module(
   override def toString = s"$organization:$name"
 }
 
-sealed abstract class Scope(val name: String)
-
 /**
  * Dependencies with the same @module will typically see their @version-s merged.
  *
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ sealed abstract class Scope(val name: String)
 case class Dependency(
   module: Module,
   version: String,
-  scope: Scope,
+  configuration: String,
   attributes: Attributes,
   exclusions: Set[(String, String)],
   optional: Boolean
@@ -51,9 +49,10 @@ case class Attributes(
 case class Project(
   module: Module,
   version: String,
-  dependencies: Seq[Dependency],
+  dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
   parent: Option[(Module, String)],
-  dependencyManagement: Seq[Dependency],
+  dependencyManagement: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
+  configurations: Map[String, Seq[String]],
   properties: Map[String, String],
   profiles: Seq[Profile],
   versions: Option[Versions],
@@ -62,23 +61,14 @@ case class Project(
   def moduleVersion = (module, version)
 }
 
-object Scope {
-  case object Compile extends Scope("compile")
-  case object Runtime extends Scope("runtime")
-  case object Test extends Scope("test")
-  case object Provided extends Scope("provided")
-  case object Import extends Scope("import")
-  case class Other(override val name: String) extends Scope(name)
-}
-
 case class Activation(properties: Seq[(String, Option[String])])
 
 case class Profile(
   id: String,
   activeByDefault: Option[Boolean],
   activation: Activation,
-  dependencies: Seq[Dependency],
-  dependencyManagement: Seq[Dependency],
+  dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
+  dependencyManagement: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
   properties: Map[String, String]
 )
 
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Orders.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Orders.scala
index dd5c7a28a..7df4a87eb 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Orders.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Orders.scala
@@ -2,39 +2,56 @@ package coursier.core
 
 object Orders {
 
-  /** Minimal ad-hoc partial order */
-  trait PartialOrder[A] {
-    /** 
-     * x <  y: Some(neg. integer)
-     * x == y: Some(0)
-     * x >  y: Some(pos. integer)
-     * x, y not related: None
-     */
-    def cmp(x: A, y: A): Option[Int]
+  trait PartialOrdering[T] extends scala.math.PartialOrdering[T] {
+    def lteq(x: T, y: T): Boolean =
+      tryCompare(x, y)
+        .exists(_ <= 0)
   }
 
   /**
    * Only relations:
    *   Compile < Runtime < Test
    */
-  implicit val mavenScopePartialOrder: PartialOrder[Scope] =
-    new PartialOrder[Scope] {
-      val higher = Map[Scope, Set[Scope]](
-        Scope.Compile -> Set(Scope.Runtime, Scope.Test),
-        Scope.Runtime -> Set(Scope.Test)
-      )
+  def configurationPartialOrder(configurations: Map[String, Seq[String]]): PartialOrdering[String] =
+    new PartialOrdering[String] {
+      def allParents(config: String): Set[String] = {
+        def helper(configs: Set[String], acc: Set[String]): Set[String] =
+          if (configs.isEmpty)
+            acc
+          else if (configs.exists(acc))
+            helper(configs -- acc, acc)
+          else if (configs.exists(!configurations.contains(_))) {
+            val (remaining, notFound) = configs.partition(configurations.contains)
+            helper(remaining, acc ++ notFound)
+          } else {
+            val extraConfigs = configs.flatMap(configurations)
+            helper(extraConfigs, acc ++ configs)
+          }
 
-      def cmp(x: Scope, y: Scope) =
-        if (x == y) Some(0)
-        else if (higher.get(x).exists(_(y))) Some(-1)
-        else if (higher.get(y).exists(_(x))) Some(1)
-        else None
+        helper(Set(config), Set.empty)
+      }
+
+      val allParentsMap = configurations
+        .keys
+        .toList
+        .map(config => config -> (allParents(config) - config))
+        .toMap
+
+      def tryCompare(x: String, y: String) =
+        if (x == y)
+          Some(0)
+        else if (allParentsMap.get(x).exists(_(y)))
+          Some(-1)
+        else if (allParentsMap.get(y).exists(_(x)))
+          Some(1)
+        else
+          None
     }
 
   /** Non-optional < optional */
-  implicit val optionalPartialOrder: PartialOrder[Boolean] =
-    new PartialOrder[Boolean] {
-      def cmp(x: Boolean, y: Boolean) =
+  val optionalPartialOrder: PartialOrdering[Boolean] =
+    new PartialOrdering[Boolean] {
+      def tryCompare(x: Boolean, y: Boolean) =
         Some(
           if (x == y) 0
           else if (x) 1
@@ -51,8 +68,8 @@ object Orders {
    *
    * In particular, no exclusions <= anything <= Set(("*", "*"))
    */
-  implicit val exclusionsPartialOrder: PartialOrder[Set[(String, String)]] =
-    new PartialOrder[Set[(String, String)]] {
+  val exclusionsPartialOrder: PartialOrdering[Set[(String, String)]] =
+    new PartialOrdering[Set[(String, String)]] {
       def boolCmp(a: Boolean, b: Boolean) = (a, b) match {
         case (true, true) => Some(0)
         case (true, false) => Some(1)
@@ -60,7 +77,7 @@ object Orders {
         case (false, false) => None
       }
 
-      def cmp(x: Set[(String, String)], y: Set[(String, String)]) = {
+      def tryCompare(x: Set[(String, String)], y: Set[(String, String)]) = {
         val (xAll, xExcludeByOrg1, xExcludeByName1, xRemaining0) = Exclusions.partition(x)
         val (yAll, yExcludeByOrg1, yExcludeByName1, yRemaining0) = Exclusions.partition(y)
 
@@ -102,19 +119,22 @@ object Orders {
    * Assume all dependencies have same `module`, `version`, and `artifact`; see `minDependencies`
    * if they don't.
    */
-  def minDependenciesUnsafe(dependencies: Set[Dependency]): Set[Dependency] = {
+  def minDependenciesUnsafe(
+    dependencies: Set[Dependency],
+    configs: ((Module, String)) => Map[String, Seq[String]]
+  ): Set[Dependency] = {
     val groupedDependencies = dependencies
-      .groupBy(dep => (dep.optional, dep.scope))
+      .groupBy(dep => (dep.optional, dep.configuration))
       .mapValues(deps => deps.head.copy(exclusions = deps.foldLeft(Exclusions.one)((acc, dep) => Exclusions.meet(acc, dep.exclusions))))
       .toList
 
     val remove =
       for {
         List(((xOpt, xScope), xDep), ((yOpt, yScope), yDep)) <- groupedDependencies.combinations(2)
-        optCmp <- optionalPartialOrder.cmp(xOpt, yOpt).iterator
-        scopeCmp <- mavenScopePartialOrder.cmp(xScope, yScope).iterator
+        optCmp <- optionalPartialOrder.tryCompare(xOpt, yOpt).iterator
+        scopeCmp <- configurationPartialOrder(configs(xDep.moduleVersion)).tryCompare(xScope, yScope).iterator
         if optCmp*scopeCmp >= 0
-        exclCmp <- exclusionsPartialOrder.cmp(xDep.exclusions, yDep.exclusions).iterator
+        exclCmp <- exclusionsPartialOrder.tryCompare(xDep.exclusions, yDep.exclusions).iterator
         if optCmp*exclCmp >= 0
         if scopeCmp*exclCmp >= 0
         xIsMin = optCmp < 0 || scopeCmp < 0 || exclCmp < 0
@@ -130,10 +150,13 @@ object Orders {
    *
    * The returned set brings exactly the same things as `dependencies`, with no redundancy.
    */
-  def minDependencies(dependencies: Set[Dependency]): Set[Dependency] = {
+  def minDependencies(
+    dependencies: Set[Dependency],
+    configs: ((Module, String)) => Map[String, Seq[String]]
+  ): Set[Dependency] = {
     dependencies
-      .groupBy(_.copy(scope = Scope.Other(""), exclusions = Set.empty, optional = false))
-      .mapValues(minDependenciesUnsafe)
+      .groupBy(_.copy(configuration = "", exclusions = Set.empty, optional = false))
+      .mapValues(minDependenciesUnsafe(_, configs))
       .valuesIterator
       .fold(Set.empty)(_ ++ _)
   }
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Parse.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Parse.scala
index 4d89c35ea..3259d1ef1 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Parse.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Parse.scala
@@ -4,15 +4,6 @@ import coursier.core.compatibility._
 
 object Parse {
 
-  def scope(s: String): Scope = s match {
-    case "compile" => Scope.Compile
-    case "runtime" => Scope.Runtime
-    case "test" => Scope.Test
-    case "provided" => Scope.Provided
-    case "import" => Scope.Import
-    case other => Scope.Other(other)
-  }
-
   def version(s: String): Option[Version] = {
     if (s.isEmpty || s.exists(c => c != '.' && c != '-' && c != '_' && !c.letterOrDigit)) None
     else Some(Version(s))
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Resolution.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Resolution.scala
index fa4203bdd..891afee00 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Resolution.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/core/Resolution.scala
@@ -37,22 +37,22 @@ object Resolution {
       (dep.module.organization, dep.module.name, dep.attributes.`type`)
 
     def add(
-      dict: Map[Key, Dependency],
-      dep: Dependency
-    ): Map[Key, Dependency] = {
+      dict: Map[Key, (String, Dependency)],
+      item: (String, Dependency)
+    ): Map[Key, (String, Dependency)] = {
 
-      val key0 = key(dep)
+      val key0 = key(item._2)
 
       if (dict.contains(key0))
         dict
       else
-        dict + (key0 -> dep)
+        dict + (key0 -> item)
     }
 
     def addSeq(
-      dict: Map[Key, Dependency],
-      deps: Seq[Dependency]
-    ): Map[Key, Dependency] =
+      dict: Map[Key, (String, Dependency)],
+      deps: Seq[(String, Dependency)]
+    ): Map[Key, (String, Dependency)] =
       (dict /: deps)(add)
   }
 
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ object Resolution {
   ): Map[String, String] =
     dict ++ other.filterKeys(!dict.contains(_))
 
-  def addDependencies(deps: Seq[Seq[Dependency]]): Seq[Dependency] = {
+  def addDependencies(deps: Seq[Seq[(String, Dependency)]]): Seq[(String, Dependency)] = {
     val res =
-      (deps :\ (Set.empty[DepMgmt.Key], Seq.empty[Dependency])) {
+      (deps :\ (Set.empty[DepMgmt.Key], Seq.empty[(String, Dependency)])) {
         case (deps0, (set, acc)) =>
           val deps = deps0
-            .filter(dep => !set(DepMgmt.key(dep)))
+            .filter{case (_, dep) => !set(DepMgmt.key(dep))}
 
-          (set ++ deps.map(DepMgmt.key), acc ++ deps)
+          (set ++ deps.map{case (_, dep) => DepMgmt.key(dep)}, acc ++ deps)
       }
 
     res._2
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ object Resolution {
    * Substitutes `properties` in `dependencies`.
    */
   def withProperties(
-    dependencies: Seq[Dependency],
+    dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
     properties: Map[String, String]
-  ): Seq[Dependency] = {
+  ): Seq[(String, Dependency)] = {
 
     def substituteProps(s: String) = {
       val matches = propRegex
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ object Resolution {
     }
 
     dependencies
-      .map{ dep =>
-        dep.copy(
+      .map {case (config, dep) =>
+        substituteProps(config) -> dep.copy(
           module = dep.module.copy(
             organization = substituteProps(dep.module.organization),
             name = substituteProps(dep.module.name)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ object Resolution {
             `type` = substituteProps(dep.attributes.`type`),
             classifier = substituteProps(dep.attributes.classifier)
           ),
-          scope = Parse.scope(substituteProps(dep.scope.name)),
+          configuration = substituteProps(dep.configuration),
           exclusions = dep.exclusions
             .map{case (org, name) =>
               (substituteProps(org), substituteProps(name))
@@ -209,25 +209,6 @@ object Resolution {
     )
   }
 
-  /**
-   * If one of our dependency has scope `base`, and a transitive
-   * dependency of it has scope `transitive`, return the scope of
-   * the latter for us, if any. If empty, means the transitive dependency
-   * should not be considered a dependency for us.
-   *
-   * See https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-dependency-mechanism.html#Dependency_Scope.
-   */
-  def resolveScope(
-    base: Scope,
-    transitive: Scope
-  ): Option[Scope] =
-    (base, transitive) match {
-      case (other, Scope.Compile)          => Some(other)
-      case (Scope.Compile, Scope.Runtime)  => Some(Scope.Runtime)
-      case (other, Scope.Runtime)          => Some(other)
-      case _                               => None
-    }
-
   /**
    * Applies `dependencyManagement` to `dependencies`.
    *
@@ -235,36 +216,39 @@ object Resolution {
    * `dependencyManagement`.
    */
   def depsWithDependencyManagement(
-    dependencies: Seq[Dependency],
-    dependencyManagement: Seq[Dependency]
-  ): Seq[Dependency] = {
+    dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
+    dependencyManagement: Seq[(String, Dependency)]
+  ): Seq[(String, Dependency)] = {
 
     // See http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-dependency-mechanism.html#Dependency_Management
 
     lazy val dict = DepMgmt.addSeq(Map.empty, dependencyManagement)
 
     dependencies
-      .map { dep0 =>
+      .map {case (config0, dep0) =>
+        var config = config0
         var dep = dep0
 
-        for (mgmtDep <- dict.get(DepMgmt.key(dep0))) {
+        for ((mgmtConfig, mgmtDep) <- dict.get(DepMgmt.key(dep0))) {
           if (dep.version.isEmpty)
             dep = dep.copy(version = mgmtDep.version)
-          if (dep.scope.name.isEmpty)
-            dep = dep.copy(scope = mgmtDep.scope)
+          if (config.isEmpty)
+            config = mgmtConfig
 
           if (dep.exclusions.isEmpty)
             dep = dep.copy(exclusions = mgmtDep.exclusions)
         }
         
-        dep
+        (config, dep)
       }
   }
 
 
-  def withDefaultScope(dep: Dependency): Dependency =
-    if (dep.scope.name.isEmpty)
-      dep.copy(scope = Scope.Compile)
+  val defaultConfiguration = "compile"
+
+  def withDefaultConfig(dep: Dependency): Dependency =
+    if (dep.configuration.isEmpty)
+      dep.copy(configuration = defaultConfiguration)
     else
       dep
 
@@ -272,19 +256,37 @@ object Resolution {
    * Filters `dependencies` with `exclusions`.
    */
   def withExclusions(
-    dependencies: Seq[Dependency],
+    dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)],
     exclusions: Set[(String, String)]
-  ): Seq[Dependency] = {
+  ): Seq[(String, Dependency)] = {
 
     val filter = Exclusions(exclusions)
 
     dependencies
-      .filter(dep => filter(dep.module.organization, dep.module.name))
-      .map(dep =>
-        dep.copy(
+      .filter{case (_, dep) => filter(dep.module.organization, dep.module.name) }
+      .map{case (config, dep) =>
+        config -> dep.copy(
           exclusions = Exclusions.minimize(dep.exclusions ++ exclusions)
         )
-      )
+      }
+  }
+
+  def withParentConfigurations(config: String, configurations: Map[String, Seq[String]]): Set[String] = {
+    @tailrec
+    def helper(configs: Set[String], acc: Set[String]): Set[String] =
+      if (configs.isEmpty)
+        acc
+      else if (configs.exists(acc))
+        helper(configs -- acc, acc)
+      else if (configs.exists(!configurations.contains(_))) {
+        val (remaining, notFound) = configs.partition(configurations.contains)
+        helper(remaining, acc ++ notFound)
+      } else {
+        val extraConfigs = configs.flatMap(configurations)
+        helper(extraConfigs, acc ++ configs)
+      }
+
+    helper(Set(config), Set.empty)
   }
 
   /**
@@ -312,29 +314,33 @@ object Resolution {
       )
     )
 
-    val deps =
-      withExclusions(
-        depsWithDependencyManagement(
-          // Important: properties have to be applied to both,
-          //   so that dep mgmt can be matched properly
-          // Tested with org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:5.0.2 in CentralTests
-          withProperties(project.dependencies, properties),
-          withProperties(project.dependencyManagement, properties)
-        ),
-        from.exclusions
-      )
-      .map(withDefaultScope)
+    val configurations = withParentConfigurations(from.configuration, project.configurations)
 
-    deps
-      .flatMap { trDep =>
-        resolveScope(from.scope, trDep.scope)
-          .map(scope =>
-            trDep.copy(
-              scope = scope,
-              optional = trDep.optional || from.optional
-            )
-          )
-      }
+    withExclusions(
+      depsWithDependencyManagement(
+        // Important: properties have to be applied to both,
+        //   so that dep mgmt can be matched properly
+        // Tested with org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:5.0.2 in CentralTests
+        withProperties(project.dependencies, properties),
+        withProperties(project.dependencyManagement, properties)
+      ),
+      from.exclusions
+    )
+    .map{
+      case (config, dep) =>
+        (if (config.isEmpty) defaultConfiguration else config) -> {
+          if (dep.configuration.isEmpty)
+            dep.copy(configuration = defaultConfiguration)
+          else
+            dep
+        }
+    }
+    .collect{case (config, dep) if configurations(config) =>
+      if (from.optional)
+        dep.copy(optional = true)
+      else
+        dep
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -438,7 +444,7 @@ case class Resolution(
   def nextDependenciesAndConflicts: (Seq[Dependency], Seq[Dependency]) =
     // TODO Provide the modules whose version was forced by dependency overrides too
     merge(
-      rootDependencies.map(withDefaultScope) ++ dependencies ++ transitiveDependencies,
+      rootDependencies.map(withDefaultConfig) ++ dependencies ++ transitiveDependencies,
       forceVersions
     )
 
@@ -507,7 +513,7 @@ case class Resolution(
    */
   def remainingDependencies: Set[Dependency] = {
     val rootDependencies0 = rootDependencies
-      .map(withDefaultScope)
+      .map(withDefaultConfig)
       .map(eraseVersion)
 
     @tailrec
@@ -599,7 +605,7 @@ case class Resolution(
     val modules =
       (project.dependencies ++ profileDependencies)
         .collect{
-          case dep if dep.scope == Scope.Import => dep.moduleVersion
+          case ("import", dep) => dep.moduleVersion
         }
 
     modules.toSet ++ project.parent
@@ -679,7 +685,7 @@ case class Resolution(
 
     val deps = (
       dependencies0
-        .collect { case dep if dep.scope == Scope.Import =>
+        .collect { case ("import", dep) =>
           dep.moduleVersion
         } ++
       project.parent
@@ -693,16 +699,16 @@ case class Resolution(
         profiles0.map(_.dependencyManagement) ++
         projs.map(_.dependencyManagement)
       )
-    ).foldLeft(Map.empty[DepMgmt.Key, Dependency])(DepMgmt.addSeq)
+    ).foldLeft(Map.empty[DepMgmt.Key, (String, Dependency)])(DepMgmt.addSeq)
 
     val depsSet = deps.toSet
 
     project.copy(
       dependencies =
         dependencies0
-          .filterNot(dep =>
-            dep.scope == Scope.Import && depsSet(dep.moduleVersion)
-          ) ++
+          .filterNot{case (config, dep) =>
+            config == "import" && depsSet(dep.moduleVersion)
+          } ++
         project.parent
           .filter(projectCache.contains)
           .toSeq
@@ -716,7 +722,14 @@ case class Resolution(
   }
 
   def minDependencies: Set[Dependency] =
-    Orders.minDependencies(dependencies)
+    Orders.minDependencies(
+      dependencies,
+      dep =>
+        projectCache
+          .get(dep)
+          .map(_._2.configurations)
+          .getOrElse(Map.empty)
+    )
 
   def artifacts: Seq[Artifact] =
     for {
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/MavenRepository.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/MavenRepository.scala
index 3ea96fc81..b2b13f3fe 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/MavenRepository.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/MavenRepository.scala
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ object MavenRepository {
       .map(_.value)
       .filter(_.nonEmpty)
 
+
+  val defaultConfigurations = Map(
+    "runtime" -> Seq("compile"),
+    "test" -> Seq("runtime")
+  )
+
 }
 
 case class MavenRepository(
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ case class MavenRepository(
             xml <- \/.fromEither(compatibility.xmlParse(str))
             _ <- if (xml.label == "project") \/-(()) else -\/("Project definition not found")
             proj <- Pom.project(xml)
-          } yield proj): (String \/ Project)
+          } yield proj.copy(configurations = defaultConfigurations)): (String \/ Project)
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/Pom.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/Pom.scala
index 8033498fa..4cd412d2a 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/Pom.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/maven/Pom.scala
@@ -43,16 +43,14 @@ object Pom {
   private def readVersion(node: Node) =
     text(node, "version", "Version").getOrElse("").trim
 
-  private val defaultScope = Scope.Other("")
   private val defaultType = "jar"
   private val defaultClassifier = ""
 
-  def dependency(node: Node): String \/ Dependency = {
+  def dependency(node: Node): String \/ (String, Dependency) = {
     for {
       mod <- module(node)
       version0 = readVersion(node)
       scopeOpt = text(node, "scope", "").toOption
-        .map(Parse.scope)
       typeOpt = text(node, "type", "").toOption
       classifierOpt = text(node, "classifier", "").toOption
       xmlExclusions = node.child
@@ -64,10 +62,10 @@ object Pom {
         xmlExclusions.toList.traverseU(module(_))
       }
       optional = text(node, "optional", "").toOption.toSeq.contains("true")
-    } yield Dependency(
+    } yield scopeOpt.getOrElse("") -> Dependency(
         mod,
         version0,
-        scopeOpt getOrElse defaultScope,
+        "",
         Attributes(typeOpt getOrElse defaultType, classifierOpt getOrElse defaultClassifier),
         exclusions.map(mod => (mod.organization, mod.name)).toSet,
         optional
@@ -191,6 +189,7 @@ object Pom {
       deps,
       parentModuleOpt.map((_, parentVersionOpt.getOrElse(""))),
       depMgmts,
+      Map.empty,
       properties.toMap,
       profiles,
       None,
diff --git a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/package.scala b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/package.scala
index 6803f43ed..c815d5dcd 100644
--- a/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/package.scala
+++ b/core/shared/src/main/scala/coursier/package.scala
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ package object coursier {
     def apply(
       module: Module,
       version: String,
-      // Substituted by Resolver with its own default scope (compile)
-      scope: Scope = Scope.Other(""),
+      // Substituted by Resolver with its own default configuration (compile)
+      configuration: String = "",
       attributes: Attributes = Attributes(),
       exclusions: Set[(String, String)] = Set.empty,
       optional: Boolean = false
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ package object coursier {
       core.Dependency(
         module,
         version,
-        scope,
+        configuration,
         attributes,
         exclusions,
         optional
@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ package object coursier {
 
   type ModuleVersion = (core.Module, String)
 
-  type Scope = core.Scope
-  val Scope = core.Scope
 
   type Repository = core.Repository
   val Repository = core.Repository
diff --git a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/CentralTests.scala b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/CentralTests.scala
index 751397d13..7ea36ea21 100644
--- a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/CentralTests.scala
+++ b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/CentralTests.scala
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ object CentralTests extends TestSuite {
   def resolutionCheck(
     module: Module,
     version: String,
-    extraRepo: Option[Repository] = None
+    extraRepo: Option[Repository] = None,
+    configuration: String = ""
   ) =
     async {
       val expected =
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ object CentralTests extends TestSuite {
         .split('\n')
         .toSeq
 
-      val dep = Dependency(module, version)
+      val dep = Dependency(module, version, configuration = configuration)
       val res = await(resolve(Set(dep), extraRepo = extraRepo))
 
       val result = res
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ object CentralTests extends TestSuite {
       resolutionCheck(
         Module("com.github.fommil", "java-logging"),
         "1.2-SNAPSHOT",
+        configuration = "runtime",
         extraRepo = Some(MavenRepository("https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/public/"))
       )
     }
diff --git a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/PomParsingTests.scala b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/PomParsingTests.scala
index 6bea7b696..833cabbbb 100644
--- a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/PomParsingTests.scala
+++ b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/PomParsingTests.scala
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ object PomParsingTests extends TestSuite {
         </dependency>
                    """
 
-      val expected = \/-(Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "2.1", attributes = Attributes(classifier = "extra")))
+      val expected = \/-("" -> Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "2.1", attributes = Attributes(classifier = "extra")))
 
       val result = Pom.dependency(xmlParse(depNode).right.get)
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ object PomParsingTests extends TestSuite {
         None,
         Profile.Activation(Nil),
         Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "0.2")),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "0.2")),
         Nil,
         Map.empty
       ))
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ object PomParsingTests extends TestSuite {
         Profile.Activation(Nil),
         Nil,
         Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "0.2", scope = Scope.Test)),
+          "test" -> Dependency(Module("comp", "lib"), "0.2")),
         Map.empty
       ))
 
diff --git a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/ResolutionTests.scala b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/ResolutionTests.scala
index fd9d0ea4d..627ed288b 100644
--- a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/ResolutionTests.scala
+++ b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/ResolutionTests.scala
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package coursier
 package test
 
 import coursier.core.Repository
+import coursier.maven.MavenRepository
 import utest._
 import scala.async.Async.{ async, await }
 
@@ -27,69 +28,68 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
     Project(Module("acme", "config"), "1.3.0"),
   
     Project(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.0", Seq(
-      Dependency(Module("acme", "play-json"), "2.4.0"))),
+      "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play-json"), "2.4.0"))),
   
     Project(Module("acme", "play-json"), "2.4.0"),
   
     Project(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.1",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("acme", "play-json"), "${playJsonVersion}"),
-        Dependency(Module("${project.groupId}", "${configName}"), "1.3.0")),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play-json"), "${playJsonVersion}"),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("${project.groupId}", "${configName}"), "1.3.0")),
       properties = Map(
         "playJsonVersion" -> "2.4.0",
         "configName" -> "config")),
   
     Project(Module("acme", "play-extra-no-config"), "2.4.1",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.1",
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.1",
           exclusions = Set(("acme", "config"))))),
 
     Project(Module("acme", "play-extra-no-config-no"), "2.4.1",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.1",
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.1",
           exclusions = Set(("*", "config"))))),
 
     Project(Module("hudsucker", "mail"), "10.0",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("${project.groupId}", "test-util"), "${project.version}",
-          scope = Scope.Test))),
+        "test" -> Dependency(Module("${project.groupId}", "test-util"), "${project.version}"))),
 
     Project(Module("hudsucker", "test-util"), "10.0"),
 
     Project(Module("se.ikea", "parent"), "18.0",
       dependencyManagement = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.0",
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "2.4.0",
           exclusions = Set(("acme", "play-json"))))),
 
     Project(Module("se.ikea", "billy"), "18.0",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "")),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("acme", "play"), "")),
       parent = Some(Module("se.ikea", "parent"), "18.0")),
 
     Project(Module("org.gnome", "parent"), "7.0",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("org.gnu", "glib"), "13.4"))),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("org.gnu", "glib"), "13.4"))),
 
     Project(Module("org.gnome", "panel-legacy"), "7.0",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("org.gnome", "desktop"), "${project.version}")),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("org.gnome", "desktop"), "${project.version}")),
       parent = Some(Module("org.gnome", "parent"), "7.0")),
 
     Project(Module("gov.nsa", "secure-pgp"), "10.0",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("gov.nsa", "crypto"), "536.89"))),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("gov.nsa", "crypto"), "536.89"))),
 
     Project(Module("com.mailapp", "mail-client"), "2.1",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("gov.nsa", "secure-pgp"), "10.0",
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("gov.nsa", "secure-pgp"), "10.0",
           exclusions = Set(("*", "${crypto.name}")))),
       properties = Map("crypto.name" -> "crypto", "dummy" -> "2")),
 
     Project(Module("com.thoughtworks.paranamer", "paranamer-parent"), "2.6",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("junit", "junit"), "")),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("junit", "junit"), "")),
       dependencyManagement = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("junit", "junit"), "4.11", scope = Scope.Test))),
+        "test" -> Dependency(Module("junit", "junit"), "4.11"))),
 
     Project(Module("com.thoughtworks.paranamer", "paranamer"), "2.6",
       parent = Some(Module("com.thoughtworks.paranamer", "paranamer-parent"), "2.6")),
@@ -97,33 +97,33 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb"), "0.3.3",
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activeByDefault = Some(true), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
 
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb"), "0.4.2",
       dependencies = Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("org.scalaverification", "scala-verification"), "1.12.4")),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("org.scalaverification", "scala-verification"), "1.12.4")),
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activeByDefault = Some(true), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"),
-          Dependency(Module("org.scalaverification", "scala-verification"), "1.12.4", scope = Scope.Test))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"),
+          "test" -> Dependency(Module("org.scalaverification", "scala-verification"), "1.12.4"))))),
 
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb"), "0.5.3",
       properties = Map("special" -> "true"),
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activation = Profile.Activation(properties = Seq("special" -> None)), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
 
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb"), "0.5.4",
       properties = Map("special" -> "true"),
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activation = Profile.Activation(properties = Seq("special" -> Some("true"))), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
 
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb"), "0.5.5",
       properties = Map("special" -> "true"),
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activation = Profile.Activation(properties = Seq("special" -> Some("!false"))), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
 
     Project(Module("com.github.dummy", "libb-parent"), "0.5.6",
       properties = Map("special" -> "true")),
@@ -133,39 +133,39 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
       properties = Map("special" -> "true"),
       profiles = Seq(
         Profile("default", activation = Profile.Activation(properties = Seq("special" -> Some("!false"))), dependencies = Seq(
-          Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
+          "" -> Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))))),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0"),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.2"),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.0",
-      Seq(Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0"))),
+      Seq("" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0"))),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.1"),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.2",
-      Seq(Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.2"))),
+      Seq("" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.2"))),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "another-lib"), "1.0",
-      Seq(Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0"))),
+      Seq("" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0"))),
 
     // Must bring transitively an-org:a-name, as an optional dependency
     Project(Module("an-org", "an-app"), "1.0",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.0", exclusions = Set(("an-org", "a-name"))),
-        Dependency(Module("an-org", "another-lib"), "1.0", optional = true))),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.0", exclusions = Set(("an-org", "a-name"))),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "another-lib"), "1.0", optional = true))),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "an-app"), "1.1",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.1"))),
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.1"))),
 
     Project(Module("an-org", "an-app"), "1.2",
       Seq(
-        Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.2")))
+        "" -> Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-lib"), "1.2")))
   )
 
-  val projectsMap = projects.map(p => p.moduleVersion -> p).toMap
+  val projectsMap = projects.map(p => p.moduleVersion -> p.copy(configurations = MavenRepository.defaultConfigurations)).toMap
   val testRepository = new TestRepository(projectsMap)
 
   val repositories = Seq[Repository](
@@ -308,8 +308,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
       async {
         val dep = Dependency(Module("hudsucker", "mail"), "10.0")
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -331,8 +330,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
             exclusions = Set(("acme", "play-json")))
         )
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -350,8 +348,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
           Dependency(Module("org.gnu", "glib"), "13.4"),
           Dependency(Module("org.gnome", "desktop"), "7.0"))
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -368,8 +365,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
         val trDeps = Seq(
           Dependency(Module("gov.nsa", "secure-pgp"), "10.0", exclusions = Set(("*", "crypto"))))
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -384,8 +380,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
       async {
         val dep = Dependency(Module("com.thoughtworks.paranamer", "paranamer"), "2.6")
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -402,8 +397,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
         val trDeps = Seq(
           Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -422,8 +416,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
             val trDeps = Seq(
               Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))
             val res = await(resolve0(
-              Set(dep),
-              filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+              Set(dep)
             )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
             val expected = Resolution(
@@ -444,8 +437,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
         val trDeps = Seq(
           Dependency(Module("org.escalier", "librairie-standard"), "2.11.6"))
         val res = await(resolve0(
-          Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          Set(dep)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -466,7 +458,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
           Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0", optional = true))
         val res = await(resolve0(
           Set(dep),
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          filter = Some(_ => true)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -489,7 +481,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
           Dependency(Module("an-org", "a-name"), "1.0", optional = true))
         val res = await(resolve0(
           deps,
-          filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+          filter = Some(_ => true)
         )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
         val expected = Resolution(
@@ -511,8 +503,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
 
           val res = await(resolve0(
             deps,
-            forceVersions = depOverrides,
-            filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+            forceVersions = depOverrides
           )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
           val expected = Resolution(
@@ -536,8 +527,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
 
           val res = await(resolve0(
             deps,
-            forceVersions = depOverrides,
-            filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+            forceVersions = depOverrides
           )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
           val expected = Resolution(
@@ -563,8 +553,7 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
 
           val res = await(resolve0(
             deps,
-            forceVersions = depOverrides,
-            filter = Some(_.scope == Scope.Compile)
+            forceVersions = depOverrides
           )).copy(filter = None, projectCache = Map.empty, errorCache = Map.empty)
 
           val expected = Resolution(
@@ -585,9 +574,9 @@ object ResolutionTests extends TestSuite {
       'propertySubstitution{
         val res =
           core.Resolution.withProperties(
-            Seq(Dependency(Module("a-company", "a-name"), "${a.property}")),
+            Seq("" -> Dependency(Module("a-company", "a-name"), "${a.property}")),
             Map("a.property" -> "a-version"))
-        val expected = Seq(Dependency(Module("a-company", "a-name"), "a-version"))
+        val expected = Seq("" -> Dependency(Module("a-company", "a-name"), "a-version"))
 
         assert(res == expected)
       }
diff --git a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/package.scala b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/package.scala
index ebcf0b6ab..dc8d31315 100644
--- a/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/package.scala
+++ b/tests/shared/src/test/scala/coursier/test/package.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package coursier
 package object test {
 
   implicit class DependencyOps(val underlying: Dependency) extends AnyVal {
-    def withCompileScope: Dependency = underlying.copy(scope = Scope.Compile)
+    def withCompileScope: Dependency = underlying.copy(configuration = "compile")
   }
 
   object Profile {
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ package object test {
     def apply(id: String,
               activeByDefault: Option[Boolean] = None,
               activation: Activation = Activation(),
-              dependencies: Seq[Dependency] = Nil,
-              dependencyManagement: Seq[Dependency] = Nil,
+              dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)] = Nil,
+              dependencyManagement: Seq[(String, Dependency)] = Nil,
               properties: Map[String, String] = Map.empty) =
       core.Profile(id, activeByDefault, activation, dependencies, dependencyManagement, properties)
   }
@@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ package object test {
   object Project {
     def apply(module: Module,
               version: String,
-              dependencies: Seq[Dependency] = Seq.empty,
+              dependencies: Seq[(String, Dependency)] = Seq.empty,
               parent: Option[ModuleVersion] = None,
-              dependencyManagement: Seq[Dependency] = Seq.empty,
+              dependencyManagement: Seq[(String, Dependency)] = Seq.empty,
+              configurations: Map[String, Seq[String]] = Map.empty,
               properties: Map[String, String] = Map.empty,
               profiles: Seq[Profile] = Seq.empty,
               versions: Option[core.Versions] = None,
-              snapshotVersioning: Option[core.SnapshotVersioning] = None): Project =
-      core.Project(module, version, dependencies, parent, dependencyManagement, properties, profiles, versions, snapshotVersioning)
+              snapshotVersioning: Option[core.SnapshotVersioning] = None
+            ): Project =
+      core.Project(module, version, dependencies, parent, dependencyManagement, configurations, properties, profiles, versions, snapshotVersioning)
   }
 }
diff --git a/web/src/main/scala/coursier/web/Backend.scala b/web/src/main/scala/coursier/web/Backend.scala
index 56117eb1c..8ae7d05a9 100644
--- a/web/src/main/scala/coursier/web/Backend.scala
+++ b/web/src/main/scala/coursier/web/Backend.scala
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ import scala.scalajs.js
 import js.Dynamic.{ global => g }
 
 case class ResolutionOptions(
-  followOptional: Boolean = false,
-  keepTest: Boolean = false
+  followOptional: Boolean = false
 )
 
 case class State(
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ class Backend($: BackendScope[Unit, State]) {
       Seq(
         dep.module.organization,
         dep.module.name,
-        dep.scope.name
+        dep.configuration
       ).mkString(":")
 
     for {
@@ -176,8 +175,7 @@ class Backend($: BackendScope[Unit, State]) {
       val res = coursier.Resolution(
         s.modules.toSet,
         filter = Some(dep =>
-          (s.options.followOptional || !dep.optional) &&
-            (s.options.keepTest || dep.scope != Scope.Test)
+          s.options.followOptional || !dep.optional
         )
       )
 
@@ -338,14 +336,6 @@ class Backend($: BackendScope[Unit, State]) {
         )
       )
     }
-    def toggleTest(e: ReactEventI) = {
-      $.modState(s =>
-        s.copy(
-          options = s.options
-            .copy(keepTest = !s.options.keepTest)
-        )
-      )
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +370,7 @@ object App {
           <.td(dep.module.name),
           <.td(finalVersionOpt.fold(dep.version)(finalVersion => s"$finalVersion (for ${dep.version})")),
           <.td(Seq[Seq[TagMod]](
-            if (dep.scope == Scope.Compile) Seq() else Seq(infoLabel(dep.scope.name)),
+            if (dep.configuration == "compile") Seq() else Seq(infoLabel(dep.configuration)),
             if (dep.attributes.`type`.isEmpty || dep.attributes.`type` == "jar") Seq() else Seq(infoLabel(dep.attributes.`type`)),
             if (dep.attributes.classifier.isEmpty) Seq() else Seq(infoLabel(dep.attributes.classifier)),
             Some(dep.exclusions).filter(_.nonEmpty).map(excls => infoPopOver("Exclusions", excls.toList.sorted.map{case (org, name) => s"$org:$name"}.mkString("; "))).toSeq,
@@ -683,15 +673,6 @@ object App {
               "Follow optional dependencies"
             )
           )
-        ),
-        <.div(^.`class` := "checkbox",
-          <.label(
-            <.input(^.`type` := "checkbox",
-              ^.onChange ==> backend.options.toggleTest,
-              if (options.keepTest) Seq(^.checked := "checked") else Seq(),
-              "Keep test dependencies"
-            )
-          )
         )
       )
     }