diff --git a/internal/util-logging/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/util/GlobalLogging.scala b/internal/util-logging/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/util/GlobalLogging.scala
index 1c09acd23..3d737a071 100644
--- a/internal/util-logging/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/util/GlobalLogging.scala
+++ b/internal/util-logging/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/util/GlobalLogging.scala
@@ -84,11 +84,18 @@ object GlobalLogging {
       newAppender: (ManagedLogger, PrintWriter, GlobalLogBacking, LoggerContext) => GlobalLogging,
       newBackingFile: => File,
       console: ConsoleOut
-  ): GlobalLogging = {
+  ): GlobalLogging =
+    initial(newAppender, newBackingFile, console, Level.Info)
+
+  def initial(
+      newAppender: (ManagedLogger, PrintWriter, GlobalLogBacking, LoggerContext) => GlobalLogging,
+      newBackingFile: => File,
+      console: ConsoleOut,
+      initialLevel: Level.Value,
+  ): GlobalLogging =
     val loggerName = generateName
     val log = LoggerContext.globalContext.logger(loggerName, None, None)
     val appender = ConsoleAppender(ConsoleAppender.generateName(), console)
-    LoggerContext.globalContext.addAppender(loggerName, appender -> Level.Info)
+    LoggerContext.globalContext.addAppender(loggerName, appender -> initialLevel)
     GlobalLogging(log, console, appender, GlobalLogBacking(newBackingFile), newAppender)
-  }
 }
diff --git a/launcher-package/integration-test/src/test/scala/RunnerScriptTest.scala b/launcher-package/integration-test/src/test/scala/RunnerScriptTest.scala
index dfc728f84..3abe411df 100644
--- a/launcher-package/integration-test/src/test/scala/RunnerScriptTest.scala
+++ b/launcher-package/integration-test/src/test/scala/RunnerScriptTest.scala
@@ -330,4 +330,8 @@ object RunnerScriptTest extends verify.BasicTestSuite with ShellScriptUtil:
       s"Should not have errors from comment character, but found: ${errorMessages.mkString(", ")}"
     )
 
+  testOutput("sbt --experimental_execution_log=true")("--experimental_execution_log=true", "-v"):
+    (out: List[String]) =>
+      assert(out.contains[String]("-Dsbt.experimental_execution_log=true"))
+
 end RunnerScriptTest
diff --git a/launcher-package/src/universal/bin/sbt.bat b/launcher-package/src/universal/bin/sbt.bat
index 323b263a8..8cb79e2ef 100755
--- a/launcher-package/src/universal/bin/sbt.bat
+++ b/launcher-package/src/universal/bin/sbt.bat
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ set sbt_args_mem=
 set sbt_args_client=
 set sbt_args_jvm_client=
 set sbt_args_no_server=
+set sbt_args_experimental_execution_log=
 set is_this_dir_sbt=0
 
 rem users can set SBT_OPTS via .sbtopts
@@ -419,6 +420,21 @@ if defined _color_arg (
   goto args_loop
 )
 
+if "%~0" == "--experimental_execution_log" set _experimental_execution_log_arg=true
+
+if defined _experimental_execution_log_arg (
+  set _experimental_execution_log_arg=
+  if not "%~1" == "" (
+   set sbt_args_experimental_execution_log=%~1
+   shift
+   goto args_loop
+  ) else (
+   echo "%~0" is missing a value
+   goto error
+  )
+  goto args_loop
+)
+
 if "%~0" == "--no-share" set _no_share_arg=true
 if "%~0" == "-no-share" set _no_share_arg=true
 
@@ -724,6 +740,10 @@ if not defined sbt_args_no_hide_jdk_warnings (
   )
 )
 
+if defined sbt_args_experimental_execution_log (
+  set _SBT_OPTS=-Dsbt.experimental_execution_log=!sbt_args_experimental_execution_log! !_SBT_OPTS!
+)
+
 rem TODO: _SBT_OPTS needs to be processed as args and diffed against SBT_ARGS
 
 if !sbt_args_print_sbt_version! equ 1 (
@@ -1137,6 +1157,8 @@ echo   --script-version    print the version of sbt script
 echo   -d ^| --debug        set sbt log level to debug
 echo   -debug-inc ^| --debug-inc
 echo                       enable extra debugging for the incremental compiler
+echo   --experimental_execution_log=true^|^<path^>
+echo                       enable experimental execution log
 rem echo   -J-X                pass option -X directly to the java runtime
 rem echo                       ^(-J is stripped^)
 rem echo   -S-X                add -X to sbt's scalacOptions ^(-S is stripped^)
diff --git a/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/BasicKeys.scala b/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/BasicKeys.scala
index 5b4decfff..d2a6972ea 100644
--- a/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/BasicKeys.scala
+++ b/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/BasicKeys.scala
@@ -129,6 +129,12 @@ object BasicKeys {
     10000
   )
 
+  val cacheVersion = AttributeKey[Long](
+    "cacheVersion",
+    "A version number that invalidates all task caches when changed.",
+    10000
+  )
+
   // Unlike other BasicKeys, this is not used directly as a setting key,
   // and severLog / logLevel is used instead.
   private[sbt] val serverLogLevel =
diff --git a/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClient.scala b/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClient.scala
index b0eb7e99c..694dd5c80 100644
--- a/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClient.scala
+++ b/main-command/src/main/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClient.scala
@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ class NetworkClient(
   private lazy val noStdErr = arguments.completionArguments.contains("--no-stderr") &&
     !sys.env.contains("SBTN_AUTO_COMPLETE") && !sys.env.contains("SBTC_AUTO_COMPLETE")
   private def shutdownOnly = arguments.commandArguments == Seq(Shutdown)
+  private lazy val serverAutoStart: Boolean =
+    sys.props.get("sbt.server.autostart").forall(_.toLowerCase == "true")
 
   private def mkSocket(file: File): (Socket, Option[String]) = ClientSocket.socket(file, useJNI)
 
@@ -190,6 +192,9 @@ class NetworkClient(
         if (shutdownOnly) {
           console.appendLog(Level.Info, "no sbt server is running. ciao")
           System.exit(0)
+        } else if (!serverAutoStart) {
+          console.appendLog(Level.Error, "no sbt server is running (sbt.server.autostart=false)")
+          System.exit(1)
         } else if (promptCompleteUsers) {
           val msg = if (noTab) "" else "No sbt server is running. Press <tab> to start one..."
           errorStream.print(s"\n$msg")
@@ -1198,7 +1203,7 @@ object NetworkClient {
         completionArguments,
         sbtScript,
         bsp,
-        sbtLaunchJar
+        sbtLaunchJar,
       )
   }
   private[client] val completions = "--completions"
@@ -1257,8 +1262,6 @@ object NetworkClient {
     "--timings",
     "-traces",
     "--traces",
-    "-no-server",
-    "--no-server",
     "-no-share",
     "--no-share",
     "-no-global",
@@ -1275,6 +1278,8 @@ object NetworkClient {
     "-supershell=",
     "--color=",
     "-color=",
+    "--autostart=",
+    "-autostart=",
   )
   private[client] def parseArgs(args: Array[String]): Arguments = {
     val defaultSbtScript = if (Properties.isWin) "sbt.bat" else "sbt"
@@ -1346,7 +1351,7 @@ object NetworkClient {
       completionArguments.toSeq,
       sbtScript.getOrElse(defaultSbtScript).replace("%20", " "),
       bsp,
-      launchJar
+      launchJar,
     )
   }
 
diff --git a/main-command/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClientParseArgsTest.scala b/main-command/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClientParseArgsTest.scala
index 40f174e21..67ef43217 100644
--- a/main-command/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClientParseArgsTest.scala
+++ b/main-command/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/client/NetworkClientParseArgsTest.scala
@@ -111,6 +111,38 @@ object NetworkClientParseArgsTest extends BasicTestSuite:
     val result = parse("-bsp")
     assert(result.bsp)
 
+  // -- --no-server and --autostart= set sbt.server.autostart --
+
+  test("--no-server sets sbt.server.autostart=false"):
+    try
+      System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+      parse("--no-server", "compile")
+      assert(System.getProperty("sbt.server.autostart") == "false")
+    finally System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+
+  test("-no-server sets sbt.server.autostart=false"):
+    try
+      System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+      parse("-no-server", "compile")
+      assert(System.getProperty("sbt.server.autostart") == "false")
+    finally System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+
+  test("--autostart=false sets sbt.server.autostart=false"):
+    try
+      System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+      val result = parse("--autostart=false", "compile")
+      assert(System.getProperty("sbt.server.autostart") == "false")
+      assert(!result.sbtArguments.exists(_.contains("autostart")))
+      assert(result.commandArguments.contains("compile"))
+    finally System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+
+  test("--autostart=true sets sbt.server.autostart=true"):
+    try
+      System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+      parse("--autostart=true", "compile")
+      assert(System.getProperty("sbt.server.autostart") == "true")
+    finally System.clearProperty("sbt.server.autostart")
+
   test("--sbt-launch-jar is preserved"):
     val result = parse("--sbt-launch-jar", "/path/to/sbt-launch.jar", "compile")
     assert(result.sbtLaunchJar.contains("/path/to/sbt-launch.jar"))
diff --git a/main-settings/src/main/scala/sbt/Def.scala b/main-settings/src/main/scala/sbt/Def.scala
index 6a49cd985..f510ecb86 100644
--- a/main-settings/src/main/scala/sbt/Def.scala
+++ b/main-settings/src/main/scala/sbt/Def.scala
@@ -283,6 +283,8 @@ object Def extends BuildSyntax with Init with InitializeImplicits:
   private[sbt] val cacheEventLog: CacheEventLog = CacheEventLog()
   private[sbt] val localDigestCacheByteSizeKey =
     SettingKey[Long](BasicKeys.localDigestCacheByteSize)
+  private[sbt] val cacheVersionKey =
+    SettingKey[Long](BasicKeys.cacheVersion)
   @cacheLevel(include = Array.empty)
   val cacheConfiguration: Initialize[Task[BuildWideCacheConfiguration]] = Def.task {
     val state = stateKey.value
@@ -298,13 +300,15 @@ object Def extends BuildSyntax with Init with InitializeImplicits:
         DiskActionCacheStore(state.baseDir.toPath.resolve("target/bootcache"), fileConverter)
       )
     val cacheByteSize = localDigestCacheByteSizeKey.value
+    val cv = cacheVersionKey.value
     BuildWideCacheConfiguration(
       cacheStore,
       outputDirectory,
       fileConverter,
       state.log,
       cacheEventLog,
-      cacheByteSize
+      cacheByteSize,
+      cv,
     )
   }
 
diff --git a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Keys.scala b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Keys.scala
index e1d546ff1..e6fa4de25 100644
--- a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Keys.scala
+++ b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Keys.scala
@@ -460,6 +460,7 @@ object Keys {
   val allowZombieClassLoaders = settingKey[Boolean]("Allow a classloader that has previously been closed by `run` or `test` to continue loading classes.")
   val localCacheDirectory = settingKey[File]("Operating system specific cache directory.")
   val localDigestCacheByteSize = SettingKey[Long](BasicKeys.localDigestCacheByteSize).withRank(DSetting)
+  val cacheVersion = SettingKey[Long](BasicKeys.cacheVersion).withRank(BSetting)
   val usePipelining = settingKey[Boolean]("Use subproject pipelining for compilation.").withRank(BSetting)
   val exportPipelining = settingKey[Boolean]("Produce early output so downstream subprojects can do pipelining.").withRank(BSetting)
 
diff --git a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Main.scala b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Main.scala
index 2f87ff5bc..fea308de3 100644
--- a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Main.scala
+++ b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/Main.scala
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ package sbt
 import java.io.{ File, IOException }
 import java.net.URI
 import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException
-import java.nio.file.{ FileAlreadyExistsException, FileSystems, Files }
+import java.nio.file.{ FileAlreadyExistsException, FileSystems, Files, Paths }
 import java.util.Properties
 import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import sbt.internal.util.complete.Parser
 import sbt.internal.util.{ RunningProcesses, Terminal as ITerminal, * }
 import sbt.io.*
 import sbt.io.syntax.*
-import sbt.util.{ Level, Logger, Show }
+import sbt.util.{ ActionCache, Level, Logger, Show }
 import xsbti.AppProvider
 
 import scala.annotation.{ nowarn, tailrec }
@@ -246,17 +246,42 @@ object StandardMain {
     ConsoleOut.systemOutOverwrite(ConsoleOut.overwriteContaining("Resolving "))
   ConsoleOut.setGlobalProxy(console)
 
-  private def initialGlobalLogging(file: Option[File]): GlobalLogging = {
-    def createTemp(attempt: Int = 0): File = Retry {
+  private[sbt] def logLevelFromArguments(args: Seq[String]): Level.Value =
+    val earlyCmd = BasicCommandStrings.EarlyCommand
+    val levelOptions = Level.values.toSeq.flatMap: v =>
+      List("-" + v.toString, "--" + v.toString)
+    def levelFromArg(arg: String): Option[Level.Value] =
+      if arg.startsWith(earlyCmd + "(") && arg.endsWith(")") then
+        val inner = arg.slice(earlyCmd.length + 1, arg.length - 1).trim
+        Level.values.find(_.toString == inner)
+      else if levelOptions.contains(arg) then
+        Level.values.find(v => arg == "-" + v.toString || arg == "--" + v.toString)
+      else None
+    args.flatMap(levelFromArg).headOption.getOrElse(Level.Info)
+
+  private def initialGlobalLogging(file: Option[File], initialLevel: Level.Value): GlobalLogging =
+    def createTemp(prefix: String)(attempt: Int = 0): File = Retry:
       file.foreach(f => if (!f.exists()) IO.createDirectory(f))
-      File.createTempFile("sbt-global-log", ".log", file.orNull)
-    }
+      File.createTempFile(prefix, ".log", file.orNull)
+
+    // Call this experimental since we don't want to commit to the log format for now
+    val execLogProp = "sbt.experimental_execution_log"
+    val execLog =
+      if java.lang.Boolean.getBoolean(execLogProp) then
+        Option(ActionCache.setExecLog(createTemp("exec-log")().toPath()))
+      else sys.props.get(execLogProp).map(Paths.get(_)).map(ActionCache.setExecLog)
+    execLog.foreach: log =>
+      ShutdownHooks.add(() => log.close())
     GlobalLogging.initial(
       MainAppender.globalDefault(ConsoleOut.globalProxy),
-      createTemp(),
-      ConsoleOut.globalProxy
+      createTemp("sbt-global-log")(),
+      ConsoleOut.globalProxy,
+      initialLevel
     )
-  }
+
+  private def initialGlobalLogging(file: Option[File]): GlobalLogging =
+    initialGlobalLogging(file, Level.Info)
+
   def initialGlobalLogging(file: File): GlobalLogging = initialGlobalLogging(Option(file))
   @deprecated("use version that takes file argument", "1.4.0")
   def initialGlobalLogging: GlobalLogging = initialGlobalLogging(None)
@@ -265,8 +290,7 @@ object StandardMain {
       configuration: xsbti.AppConfiguration,
       initialDefinitions: Seq[Command],
       preCommands: Seq[String]
-  ): State = {
-    // This is to workaround https://github.com/sbt/io/issues/110
+  ): State =
     if (!sys.props.contains("jna.nosys")) sys.props.put("jna.nosys", "true")
 
     import BasicCommandStrings.{ DashDashDetachStdio, DashDashServer, isEarlyCommand }
@@ -274,11 +298,18 @@ object StandardMain {
       configuration.arguments
         .map(_.trim)
         .filterNot(c => c == DashDashDetachStdio || c == DashDashServer)
+        .toSeq
+    val initialLevel = logLevelFromArguments(userCommands)
     val (earlyCommands, normalCommands) = (preCommands ++ userCommands).partition(isEarlyCommand)
-    val commands = (earlyCommands ++ normalCommands).toList map { x =>
-      Exec(x, None)
-    }
-    val initAttrs = BuiltinCommands.initialAttributes
+    val commands = (earlyCommands ++ normalCommands).toList.map(x => Exec(x, None))
+    val baseAttrs = BuiltinCommands.initialAttributes
+    val initAttrs =
+      if initialLevel == Level.Info then baseAttrs
+      else
+        baseAttrs
+          .put(Keys.logLevel.key, initialLevel)
+          .put(BasicKeys.explicitGlobalLogLevels, true)
+    val logDir = BuildPaths.globalLoggingStandard(configuration.baseDirectory)
     val s = State(
       configuration,
       initialDefinitions,
@@ -287,12 +318,12 @@ object StandardMain {
       commands,
       State.newHistory,
       initAttrs,
-      initialGlobalLogging(BuildPaths.globalLoggingStandard(configuration.baseDirectory)),
+      initialGlobalLogging(Option(logDir), initialLevel),
       None,
       State.Continue
     )
     s.initializeClassLoaderCache
-  }
+  end initialState
 }
 
 import sbt.BasicCommandStrings.*
diff --git a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/RemoteCache.scala b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/RemoteCache.scala
index 91f5b616c..ab2f50de1 100644
--- a/main/src/main/scala/sbt/RemoteCache.scala
+++ b/main/src/main/scala/sbt/RemoteCache.scala
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ object RemoteCache:
   lazy val globalSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[?]] = Seq(
     localCacheDirectory :== defaultCacheLocation,
     localDigestCacheByteSize :== CacheImplicits.defaultLocalDigestCacheByteSize,
+    cacheVersion :== sys.props.get("sbt.cacheversion").flatMap(_.toLongOption).getOrElse(0L),
     rootOutputDirectory := {
       appConfiguration.value.baseDirectory
         .toPath()
diff --git a/main/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/InitialLogLevelSpec.scala b/main/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/InitialLogLevelSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4296bbe99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/src/test/scala/sbt/internal/InitialLogLevelSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * sbt
+ * Copyright 2023, Scala center
+ * Copyright 2011 - 2022, Lightbend, Inc.
+ * Copyright 2008 - 2010, Mark Harrah
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0 (see LICENSE)
+ */
+
+package sbt
+package internal
+
+import sbt.util.Level
+
+object InitialLogLevelSpec extends verify.BasicTestSuite:
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments returns Debug when -debug is in arguments"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("-debug")) == Level.Debug)
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments returns Debug when --debug is in arguments"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("compile", "--debug")) == Level.Debug)
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments returns Debug when early(debug) is in arguments"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("early(debug)")) == Level.Debug)
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("compile", "early(debug)")) == Level.Debug)
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments returns Info when no level option in arguments"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq()) == Level.Info)
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("compile", "run")) == Level.Info)
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments uses first level option when multiple present"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("-warn", "-debug")) == Level.Warn)
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("-error", "-info")) == Level.Error)
+
+  test("logLevelFromArguments supports all level options"):
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("-info")) == Level.Info)
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("--warn")) == Level.Warn)
+    assert(StandardMain.logLevelFromArguments(Seq("--error")) == Level.Error)
+end InitialLogLevelSpec
diff --git a/notes/2.0.0/cache-version.md b/notes/2.0.0/cache-version.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dad2b536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes/2.0.0/cache-version.md
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+## cacheVersion setting
+
+sbt 2.x caches task results by default. `cacheVersion` provides an escape hatch to invalidate all caches when needed.
+
+### Usage
+
+In `build.sbt`:
+
+```scala
+Global / cacheVersion := 1L
+```
+
+Or via system property:
+
+```
+sbt -Dsbt.cacheversion=1
+```
+
+### Details
+
+- Defaults to reading system property `sbt.cacheversion`, or else `0L`
+- When `cacheVersion` is `0L`, caching behaves identically to previous versions
+- Changing the value invalidates all task caches, forcing recomputation
+- The value is incorporated into every cache key via `BuildWideCacheConfiguration`
diff --git a/project/DatatypeConfig.scala b/project/DatatypeConfig.scala
index 6327fdd27..ecc6d7e20 100644
--- a/project/DatatypeConfig.scala
+++ b/project/DatatypeConfig.scala
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ object DatatypeConfig {
     case "Map" | "Tuple2" | "scala.Tuple2" => { tpe =>
       twoArgs(tpe).flatMap(getFormats)
     }
-    case "Int" | "Long" => { _ =>
+    case "Int" | "Long" | "sbt.util.Digest" => { _ =>
       Nil
     }
   }
diff --git a/sbt b/sbt
index 849a2c7ef..2ced6ea5f 100755
--- a/sbt
+++ b/sbt
@@ -668,6 +668,8 @@ Usage: `basename "$0"` [options]
   -d | --debug        set sbt log level to debug
   -debug-inc | --debug-inc
                       enable extra debugging for the incremental compiler
+  --experimental_execution_log=true|<path>
+                      enable experimental execution log
 
   # sbt version (default: from project/build.properties if present, else latest release)
   --sbt-version  <version>   use the specified version of sbt
@@ -721,8 +723,11 @@ map_args () {
              --supershell=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.supershell=${1:13}" ) && shift ;;
               -supershell=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.supershell=${1:12}" ) && shift ;;
      -no-server|--no-server) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.io.virtual=false" "-Dsbt.server.autostart=false" ) && shift ;;
+            --autostart=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.server.autostart=${1:13}" ) && shift ;;
+             -autostart=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.server.autostart=${1:12}" ) && shift ;;
                   --color=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.color=${1:8}" ) && shift ;;
                    -color=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.color=${1:7}" ) && shift ;;
+     --experimental_execution_log=*) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.experimental_execution_log=${1:29}" ) && shift ;;
        -no-share|--no-share) options=( "${options[@]}" "${noshare_opts[@]}" ) && shift ;;
      -no-global|--no-global) options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.global.base=$(pwd)/project/.sbtboot" ) && shift ;;
                  -ivy|--ivy) require_arg path "$1" "$2" && options=( "${options[@]}" "-Dsbt.ivy.home=$2" ) && shift 2 ;;
diff --git a/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/build.sbt b/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a8cc00f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+scalaVersion := "3.7.4"
+
+lazy val checkCounter = inputKey[Unit]("assert counter file value")
+
+checkCounter := {
+  val expected = complete.DefaultParsers.spaceDelimited("<arg>").parsed.head.toInt
+  val f = baseDirectory.value / "target" / "counter.txt"
+  val actual = if (f.exists()) IO.read(f).trim.toInt else 0
+  assert(actual == expected, s"Expected counter=$expected but got $actual")
+}
+
+lazy val bumpCounter = taskKey[Int]("cached task that bumps a counter file on each execution")
+
+bumpCounter := {
+  val f = baseDirectory.value / "target" / "counter.txt"
+  val n = if (f.exists()) IO.read(f).trim.toInt else 0
+  val next = n + 1
+  IO.write(f, next.toString)
+  next
+}
diff --git a/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/test b/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/test
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3830e2fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbt-app/src/sbt-test/actions/cache-version/test
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# bumpCounter is a cached task that increments a file counter on each execution.
+# When the cache is hit, the task body is NOT re-executed, so the counter stays the same.
+
+# First call: body runs, counter goes to 1
+> bumpCounter
+> checkCounter 1
+
+# Second call: cache hit, body does NOT run, counter stays at 1
+> bumpCounter
+> checkCounter 1
+
+# Change cacheVersion: invalidates all caches
+> set Global / cacheVersion := 1L
+
+# Third call: cache miss (version changed), body runs, counter goes to 2
+> bumpCounter
+> checkCounter 2
+
+# Fourth call: cache hit again, counter stays at 2
+> bumpCounter
+> checkCounter 2
diff --git a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/ArgParser.scala b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/ArgParser.scala
index 719a5b9a4..5536bd563 100644
--- a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/ArgParser.scala
+++ b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/ArgParser.scala
@@ -41,8 +41,12 @@ object ArgParser:
         opt[Int]("mem").action((x, c) => c.copy(mem = Some(x))),
         opt[String]("supershell").action((x, c) => c.copy(supershell = Some(x))),
         opt[String]("color").action((x, c) => c.copy(color = Some(x))),
+        opt[String]("autostart").action((x, c) => c.copy(autostart = Some(x))),
         opt[Int]("jvm-debug").action((x, c) => c.copy(jvmDebug = Some(x))),
         opt[String]("java-home").action((x, c) => c.copy(javaHome = Some(x))),
+        opt[String]("experimental_execution_log").action((x, c) =>
+          c.copy(experimentalExecutionLog = Some(x))
+        ),
         arg[String]("<arg>")
           .unbounded()
           .optional()
diff --git a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/LauncherOptions.scala b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/LauncherOptions.scala
index bc95e8f55..e6527eca3 100644
--- a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/LauncherOptions.scala
+++ b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/LauncherOptions.scala
@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ case class LauncherOptions(
     mem: Option[Int] = None,
     supershell: Option[String] = None,
     color: Option[String] = None,
+    autostart: Option[String] = None,
     jvmDebug: Option[Int] = None,
     javaHome: Option[String] = None,
     server: Boolean = false,
     residual: Seq[String] = Nil,
     sbtNew: Boolean = false,
+    experimentalExecutionLog: Option[String] = None,
 )
 
 object LauncherOptions:
diff --git a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/Runner.scala b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/Runner.scala
index 48bdc328c..9df81705c 100644
--- a/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/Runner.scala
+++ b/sbtw/src/main/scala/sbtw/Runner.scala
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ object Runner:
     opts.sbtCache.foreach(v => s = s :+ s"-Dsbt.global.localcache=$v")
     opts.ivy.foreach(v => s = s :+ s"-Dsbt.ivy.home=$v")
     opts.color.foreach(v => s = s :+ s"-Dsbt.color=$v")
+    opts.autostart.foreach(v => s = s :+ s"-Dsbt.server.autostart=$v")
+    opts.experimentalExecutionLog.foreach(v => s = s :+ s"-Dsbt.experimental_execution_log=$v")
     if opts.timings then
       s = s ++ Seq("-Dsbt.task.timings=true", "-Dsbt.task.timings.on.shutdown=true")
     if opts.traces then s = s :+ "-Dsbt.traces=true"
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnExec.scala b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnExec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92a5348cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnExec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * This code is generated using [[https://www.scala-sbt.org/contraband]].
+ */
+
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+package sbt.internal.util
+final class SpawnExec private (
+  val input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput,
+  val cacheHit: Boolean,
+  val exitCode: Option[Int],
+  val outputs: Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef]) extends Serializable {
+  
+  private def this(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, cacheHit: Boolean, exitCode: Option[Int]) = this(input, cacheHit, exitCode, Vector())
+  
+  override def equals(o: Any): Boolean = this.eq(o.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]) || (o match {
+    case x: SpawnExec => (this.input == x.input) && (this.cacheHit == x.cacheHit) && (this.exitCode == x.exitCode) && (this.outputs == x.outputs)
+    case _ => false
+  })
+  override def hashCode: Int = {
+    37 * (37 * (37 * (37 * (37 * (17 + "sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec".##) + input.##) + cacheHit.##) + exitCode.##) + outputs.##)
+  }
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "SpawnExec(" + input + ", " + cacheHit + ", " + exitCode + ", " + outputs + ")"
+  }
+  private def copy(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput = input, cacheHit: Boolean = cacheHit, exitCode: Option[Int] = exitCode, outputs: Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef] = outputs): SpawnExec = {
+    new SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, exitCode, outputs)
+  }
+  def withInput(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput): SpawnExec = {
+    copy(input = input)
+  }
+  def withCacheHit(cacheHit: Boolean): SpawnExec = {
+    copy(cacheHit = cacheHit)
+  }
+  def withExitCode(exitCode: Option[Int]): SpawnExec = {
+    copy(exitCode = exitCode)
+  }
+  def withExitCode(exitCode: Int): SpawnExec = {
+    copy(exitCode = Option(exitCode))
+  }
+  def withOutputs(outputs: Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef]): SpawnExec = {
+    copy(outputs = outputs)
+  }
+}
+object SpawnExec {
+  
+  def apply(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, cacheHit: Boolean, exitCode: Option[Int]): SpawnExec = new SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, exitCode)
+  def apply(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, cacheHit: Boolean, exitCode: Int): SpawnExec = new SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, Option(exitCode))
+  def apply(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, cacheHit: Boolean, exitCode: Option[Int], outputs: Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef]): SpawnExec = new SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, exitCode, outputs)
+  def apply(input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, cacheHit: Boolean, exitCode: Int, outputs: Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef]): SpawnExec = new SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, Option(exitCode), outputs)
+}
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnInput.scala b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnInput.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97561e582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/SpawnInput.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * This code is generated using [[https://www.scala-sbt.org/contraband]].
+ */
+
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+package sbt.internal.util
+final class SpawnInput private (
+  val digest: sbt.util.Digest,
+  val codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest,
+  val extraHash: sbt.util.Digest,
+  val cacheVersion: Option[Long],
+  val str: Option[String]) extends Serializable {
+  
+  
+  
+  override def equals(o: Any): Boolean = this.eq(o.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]) || (o match {
+    case x: SpawnInput => (this.digest == x.digest) && (this.codeContentHash == x.codeContentHash) && (this.extraHash == x.extraHash) && (this.cacheVersion == x.cacheVersion) && (this.str == x.str)
+    case _ => false
+  })
+  override def hashCode: Int = {
+    37 * (37 * (37 * (37 * (37 * (37 * (17 + "sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput".##) + digest.##) + codeContentHash.##) + extraHash.##) + cacheVersion.##) + str.##)
+  }
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "SpawnInput(" + digest + ", " + codeContentHash + ", " + extraHash + ", " + cacheVersion + ", " + str + ")"
+  }
+  private def copy(digest: sbt.util.Digest = digest, codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest = codeContentHash, extraHash: sbt.util.Digest = extraHash, cacheVersion: Option[Long] = cacheVersion, str: Option[String] = str): SpawnInput = {
+    new SpawnInput(digest, codeContentHash, extraHash, cacheVersion, str)
+  }
+  def withDigest(digest: sbt.util.Digest): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(digest = digest)
+  }
+  def withCodeContentHash(codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(codeContentHash = codeContentHash)
+  }
+  def withExtraHash(extraHash: sbt.util.Digest): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(extraHash = extraHash)
+  }
+  def withCacheVersion(cacheVersion: Option[Long]): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(cacheVersion = cacheVersion)
+  }
+  def withCacheVersion(cacheVersion: Long): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(cacheVersion = Option(cacheVersion))
+  }
+  def withStr(str: Option[String]): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(str = str)
+  }
+  def withStr(str: String): SpawnInput = {
+    copy(str = Option(str))
+  }
+}
+object SpawnInput {
+  
+  def apply(digest: sbt.util.Digest, codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest, extraHash: sbt.util.Digest, cacheVersion: Option[Long], str: Option[String]): SpawnInput = new SpawnInput(digest, codeContentHash, extraHash, cacheVersion, str)
+  def apply(digest: sbt.util.Digest, codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest, extraHash: sbt.util.Digest, cacheVersion: Long, str: String): SpawnInput = new SpawnInput(digest, codeContentHash, extraHash, Option(cacheVersion), Option(str))
+}
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnCodec.scala b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnCodec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..143e9a077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnCodec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * This code is generated using [[https://www.scala-sbt.org/contraband]].
+ */
+
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+package sbt.internal.util.codec
+trait SpawnCodec extends sjsonnew.BasicJsonProtocol
+  with sbt.internal.util.codec.SpawnInputFormats
+  with sbt.internal.util.codec.HashedVirtualFileRefFormats
+  with sbt.internal.util.codec.SpawnExecFormats
+object SpawnCodec extends SpawnCodec
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnExecFormats.scala b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnExecFormats.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b086518b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnExecFormats.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * This code is generated using [[https://www.scala-sbt.org/contraband]].
+ */
+
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+package sbt.internal.util.codec
+import _root_.sjsonnew.{ Unbuilder, Builder, JsonFormat, deserializationError }
+trait SpawnExecFormats { self: sbt.internal.util.codec.SpawnInputFormats & sjsonnew.BasicJsonProtocol & sbt.internal.util.codec.HashedVirtualFileRefFormats =>
+given SpawnExecFormat: JsonFormat[sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec] = new JsonFormat[sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec] {
+  override def read[J](__jsOpt: Option[J], unbuilder: Unbuilder[J]): sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec = {
+    __jsOpt match {
+      case Some(__js) =>
+      unbuilder.beginObject(__js)
+      val input = unbuilder.readField[sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput]("input")
+      val cacheHit = unbuilder.readField[Boolean]("cacheHit")
+      val exitCode = unbuilder.readField[Option[Int]]("exitCode")
+      val outputs = unbuilder.readField[Vector[xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef]]("outputs")
+      unbuilder.endObject()
+      sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec(input, cacheHit, exitCode, outputs)
+      case None =>
+      deserializationError("Expected JsObject but found None")
+    }
+  }
+  override def write[J](obj: sbt.internal.util.SpawnExec, builder: Builder[J]): Unit = {
+    builder.beginObject()
+    builder.addField("input", obj.input)
+    builder.addField("cacheHit", obj.cacheHit)
+    builder.addField("exitCode", obj.exitCode)
+    builder.addField("outputs", obj.outputs)
+    builder.endObject()
+  }
+}
+}
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnInputFormats.scala b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnInputFormats.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec3878999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband-scala/sbt/internal/util/codec/SpawnInputFormats.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * This code is generated using [[https://www.scala-sbt.org/contraband]].
+ */
+
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+package sbt.internal.util.codec
+import _root_.sjsonnew.{ Unbuilder, Builder, JsonFormat, deserializationError }
+trait SpawnInputFormats { self: sjsonnew.BasicJsonProtocol =>
+given SpawnInputFormat: JsonFormat[sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput] = new JsonFormat[sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput] {
+  override def read[J](__jsOpt: Option[J], unbuilder: Unbuilder[J]): sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput = {
+    __jsOpt match {
+      case Some(__js) =>
+      unbuilder.beginObject(__js)
+      val digest = unbuilder.readField[sbt.util.Digest]("digest")
+      val codeContentHash = unbuilder.readField[sbt.util.Digest]("codeContentHash")
+      val extraHash = unbuilder.readField[sbt.util.Digest]("extraHash")
+      val cacheVersion = unbuilder.readField[Option[Long]]("cacheVersion")
+      val str = unbuilder.readField[Option[String]]("str")
+      unbuilder.endObject()
+      sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput(digest, codeContentHash, extraHash, cacheVersion, str)
+      case None =>
+      deserializationError("Expected JsObject but found None")
+    }
+  }
+  override def write[J](obj: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput, builder: Builder[J]): Unit = {
+    builder.beginObject()
+    builder.addField("digest", obj.digest)
+    builder.addField("codeContentHash", obj.codeContentHash)
+    builder.addField("extraHash", obj.extraHash)
+    builder.addField("cacheVersion", obj.cacheVersion)
+    builder.addField("str", obj.str)
+    builder.endObject()
+  }
+}
+}
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/contraband/spawn.contra b/util-cache/src/main/contraband/spawn.contra
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03cfaf2f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/contraband/spawn.contra
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package sbt.internal.util
+@target(Scala)
+@codecPackage("sbt.internal.util.codec")
+@fullCodec("SpawnCodec")
+
+# https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/blob/master/src/main/protobuf/spawn.proto
+type SpawnInput {
+  digest: sbt.util.Digest!
+  codeContentHash: sbt.util.Digest!
+  extraHash: sbt.util.Digest!
+  cacheVersion: Long
+  str: String
+}
+
+# https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/blob/master/src/main/protobuf/spawn.proto
+type SpawnExec {
+  input: sbt.internal.util.SpawnInput!
+  cacheHit: Boolean!
+  exitCode: Int
+  outputs: [xsbti.HashedVirtualFileRef] @since("0.2.0")
+}
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCache.scala b/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCache.scala
index e08cfd1d1..50cd15c44 100644
--- a/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCache.scala
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCache.scala
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@
 
 package sbt.util
 
-import java.io.{ File, IOException }
+import java.io.{ File, IOException, PrintWriter }
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
 import java.nio.file.{ Files, Path, Paths, StandardCopyOption }
-import sbt.internal.util.{ ActionCacheEvent, CacheEventLog, StringVirtualFile1 }
+import sbt.internal.util.{
+  ActionCacheEvent,
+  CacheEventLog,
+  SpawnExec,
+  SpawnInput,
+  StringVirtualFile1
+}
 import sbt.io.syntax.*
 import sbt.io.IO
 import sbt.nio.file.{ **, FileTreeView }
@@ -19,10 +25,10 @@ import sbt.nio.file.syntax.*
 import sbt.util.CacheImplicits
 import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 import scala.annotation.{ meta, StaticAnnotation }
-import scala.util.control.{ Exception, NonFatal }
+import scala.util.control.NonFatal
 import sjsonnew.{ HashWriter, JsonFormat }
 import sjsonnew.support.murmurhash.Hasher
-import sjsonnew.support.scalajson.unsafe.{ CompactPrinter, Converter, Parser }
+import sjsonnew.support.scalajson.unsafe.{ CompactPrinter, Converter, Parser, PrettyPrinter }
 import scala.quoted.{ Expr, FromExpr, ToExpr, Quotes }
 import xsbti.{ CompileFailed, FileConverter, HashedVirtualFileRef, VirtualFile, VirtualFileRef }
 
@@ -31,6 +37,11 @@ object ActionCache:
   private[sbt] val manifestFileName = "sbtdir_manifest.json"
   private[sbt] val failureFileName = "failure.json"
   private[sbt] val failureExitCode = 1
+  private[sbt] var execLog: Option[PrintWriter] = None
+  private[sbt] def setExecLog(log: Path): PrintWriter =
+    val writer = PrintWriter(log.toFile, "UTF-8")
+    execLog = Option(writer)
+    writer
 
   /**
    * This is a key function that drives remote caching.
@@ -41,9 +52,10 @@ object ActionCache:
    *   all we need from the input is to generate some hash value.
    * - codeContentHash: This hash represents the Scala code of the task.
    *   Even if the input tasks are the same, the code part needs to be tracked.
-   * - extraHash: Reserved for later, which we might use to invalidate the cache.
+   * - extraHash: Extra hash for cache invalidation (combined with config.cacheVersion).
    * - tags: Tags to track cache level.
    * - config: The configuration that's used to store where the cache backends are.
+   *   config.cacheVersion is incorporated into the cache key to allow global invalidation.
    * - action: The actual action to be cached.
    */
   def cache[I: HashWriter, O: JsonFormat](
@@ -57,17 +69,19 @@ object ActionCache:
   ): O =
     import config.*
 
+    val inputDigest = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, cacheVersion)
+
     def cacheFailure(e: CompileFailed): Nothing =
       // Cache the failure so subsequent builds don't re-run failed compilation
       // This fixes https://github.com/sbt/sbt/issues/7662
       // Use the same input digest as success, distinguished by exitCode
       cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.OnsiteTask)
-      val (input, valuePath) = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash)
       val cachedFailure = CachedCompileFailure.fromException(e)
       val json = Converter.toJsonUnsafe(cachedFailure)
+      val valuePath = mkValuePath(inputDigest)
       val failureFile = StringVirtualFile1(valuePath, CompactPrinter(json))
       store.put(
-        UpdateActionResultRequest(input, Vector(failureFile), exitCode = failureExitCode)
+        UpdateActionResultRequest(inputDigest, Vector(failureFile), exitCode = failureExitCode)
       )
       throw e
 
@@ -80,49 +94,82 @@ object ActionCache:
             cacheFailure(e)
           case e: Exception =>
             cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Error)
+            logExec(
+              SpawnExec(input = spawnInput, cacheHit = false, exitCode = 1)
+            )
             throw e
-      val json = Converter.toJsonUnsafe(result)
-      val normalizedOutputDir = outputDirectory.toAbsolutePath.normalize()
-      val uncacheableOutputs =
-        outputs.filter(f =>
-          f match
-            case vf if vf.id.endsWith(ActionCache.dirZipExt) =>
-              false
-            case _ =>
-              val outputPath = fileConverter.toPath(f).toAbsolutePath.normalize()
-              !outputPath.startsWith(normalizedOutputDir)
-        )
-      if uncacheableOutputs.nonEmpty then
-        cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Error)
-        logger.error(
-          s"Cannot cache task because its output files are outside the output directory: \n" +
-            uncacheableOutputs.mkString("  - ", "\n  - ", "")
-        )
-        result
-      else
-        cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.OnsiteTask)
-        val (input, valuePath) = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash)
-        val valueFile = StringVirtualFile1(valuePath, CompactPrinter(json))
-        val newOutputs = Vector(valueFile) ++ outputs.toVector
-        try
-          store.put(UpdateActionResultRequest(input, newOutputs, exitCode = 0)) match
+      try
+        val json = Converter.toJsonUnsafe(result)
+        val normalizedOutputDir = outputDirectory.toAbsolutePath.normalize()
+        val uncacheableOutputs =
+          outputs.filter(f =>
+            f match
+              case vf if vf.id.endsWith(ActionCache.dirZipExt) =>
+                false
+              case _ =>
+                val outputPath = fileConverter.toPath(f).toAbsolutePath.normalize()
+                !outputPath.startsWith(normalizedOutputDir)
+          )
+        if uncacheableOutputs.nonEmpty then
+          cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Error)
+          logger.error(
+            s"Cannot cache task because its output files are outside the output directory: \n" +
+              uncacheableOutputs.mkString("  - ", "\n  - ", "")
+          )
+          result
+        else
+          cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.OnsiteTask)
+          val valuePath = mkValuePath(inputDigest)
+          val valueFile = StringVirtualFile1(valuePath, CompactPrinter(json))
+          val newOutputs = Vector(valueFile) ++ outputs.toVector
+          store.put(UpdateActionResultRequest(inputDigest, newOutputs, exitCode = 0)) match
             case Right(cachedResult) =>
               store.syncBlobs(cachedResult.outputFiles, outputDirectory)
+              logExec(
+                SpawnExec(
+                  input = spawnInput,
+                  cacheHit = false,
+                  exitCode = 0,
+                  outputs = cachedResult.outputFiles,
+                )
+              )
               result
             case Left(e) => throw e
-        catch
-          case e: IOException =>
-            logger.debug(s"Skipping cache storage due to error: ${e.getMessage}")
-            cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Error)
-            result
+      catch
+        case e: IOException =>
+          logger.debug(s"Skipping cache storage due to error: ${e.getMessage}")
+          cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Error)
+          result
 
+    def spawnInput = SpawnInput(
+      digest = inputDigest,
+      codeContentHash = codeContentHash,
+      extraHash = extraHash,
+      cacheVersion = if cacheVersion != 0 then Some(cacheVersion) else None,
+      str = Some(key.toString()),
+    )
+    inline def logExec(inline event: SpawnExec): Unit =
+      execLog.foreach: log =>
+        logEvent(event, log)
     // Single cache lookup - use exitCode to distinguish success from failure
-    getWithFailure(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, tags, config) match
-      case Right(value) => value
+    getWithFailure(inputDigest, tags, config) match
+      case Right((value, result)) =>
+        logExec(
+          SpawnExec(
+            input = spawnInput,
+            cacheHit = true,
+            exitCode = result.exitCode,
+            outputs = result.outputFiles,
+          )
+        )
+        value
       case Left(Some(failure)) =>
         config.cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Found("cached-failure"))
         // Replay problems to the logger so users see the cached errors/warnings
         failure.replay(config.logger)
+        logExec(
+          SpawnExec(input = spawnInput, cacheHit = true, exitCode = 1)
+        )
         throw failure.toException
       case Left(None) => organicTask
   end cache
@@ -132,13 +179,11 @@ object ActionCache:
    * Returns Right(value) for cached success, Left(Some(failure)) for cached failure,
    * or Left(None) for cache miss.
    */
-  private def getWithFailure[I: HashWriter, O: JsonFormat](
-      key: I,
-      codeContentHash: Digest,
-      extraHash: Digest,
+  private def getWithFailure[O: JsonFormat](
+      inputDigest: Digest,
       tags: List[CacheLevelTag],
       config: BuildWideCacheConfiguration,
-  ): Either[Option[CachedCompileFailure], O] =
+  ): Either[Option[CachedCompileFailure], (O, ActionResult)] =
     import config.store
     def valueFromStr(str: String, origin: Option[String]): O =
       config.cacheEventLog.append(ActionCacheEvent.Found(origin.getOrElse("unknown")))
@@ -151,59 +196,36 @@ object ActionCache:
 
     def parseCachedValue(
         str: String,
-        origin: Option[String],
+        result: ActionResult,
         isFailure: Boolean,
-    ): Option[Either[Option[CachedCompileFailure], O]] =
+    ): Option[Either[Option[CachedCompileFailure], (O, ActionResult)]] =
       try
         if isFailure then Some(Left(Some(failureFromStr(str))))
-        else Some(Right(valueFromStr(str, origin)))
+        else Some(Right((valueFromStr(str, result.origin), result)))
       catch case _: Exception => None
 
-    // Optimization: Check if we can read directly from symlinked value file
-    val (input, valuePath) = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash)
-    val resolvedValuePath = config.fileConverter.toPath(VirtualFileRef.of(valuePath))
-
-    def readFromSymlink(): Option[Either[Option[CachedCompileFailure], O]] =
-      if java.nio.file.Files.isSymbolicLink(resolvedValuePath) && java.nio.file.Files
-          .exists(resolvedValuePath)
-      then
-        Exception.nonFatalCatch
-          .opt(IO.read(resolvedValuePath.toFile(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
-          .flatMap: str =>
-            findActionResult(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config) match
-              case Right(result) =>
-                try
-                  store.syncBlobs(result.outputFiles, config.outputDirectory)
-                  parseCachedValue(str, Some("disk"), result.exitCode.contains(failureExitCode))
-                catch case NonFatal(_) => None
-              case Left(_) => None
-      else None
-
-    readFromSymlink() match
-      case Some(result) => result
-      case None =>
-        findActionResult(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config) match
-          case Right(result) =>
-            try
-              val isFailure = result.exitCode.contains(failureExitCode)
-              result.contents.headOption match
-                case Some(head) =>
-                  store.syncBlobs(result.outputFiles, config.outputDirectory)
-                  val str = String(head.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
-                  parseCachedValue(str, result.origin, isFailure).getOrElse(Left(None))
-                case _ =>
-                  val paths = store.syncBlobs(result.outputFiles, config.outputDirectory)
-                  if paths.isEmpty then Left(None)
-                  else
-                    val str = IO.read(paths.head.toFile())
-                    parseCachedValue(str, result.origin, isFailure).getOrElse(Left(None))
-            catch
-              case NonFatal(e) =>
-                config.logger.debug(
-                  s"Ignoring cache retrieval failure, will recompute: ${e.getMessage}"
-                )
-                Left(None)
-          case Left(_) => Left(None)
+    findActionResult(inputDigest, config) match
+      case Right(result) =>
+        try
+          val isFailure = result.exitCode.contains(failureExitCode)
+          result.contents.headOption match
+            case Some(head) =>
+              store.syncBlobs(result.outputFiles, config.outputDirectory)
+              val str = String(head.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+              parseCachedValue(str, result, isFailure).getOrElse(Left(None))
+            case _ =>
+              val paths = store.syncBlobs(result.outputFiles, config.outputDirectory)
+              if paths.isEmpty then Left(None)
+              else
+                val str = IO.read(paths.head.toFile())
+                parseCachedValue(str, result, isFailure).getOrElse(Left(None))
+        catch
+          case NonFatal(e) =>
+            config.logger.debug(
+              s"Ignoring cache retrieval failure, will recompute: ${e.getMessage}"
+            )
+            Left(None)
+      case Left(_) => Left(None)
 
   /**
    * Retrieves the cached value.
@@ -215,8 +237,9 @@ object ActionCache:
       tags: List[CacheLevelTag],
       config: BuildWideCacheConfiguration,
   ): Option[O] =
-    getWithFailure(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, tags, config) match
-      case Right(value) => Some(value)
+    val inputDigest = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config.cacheVersion)
+    getWithFailure(inputDigest, tags, config) match
+      case Right(value) => Some(value._1)
       case Left(_)      => None
 
   /**
@@ -228,10 +251,26 @@ object ActionCache:
       extraHash: Digest,
       config: BuildWideCacheConfiguration,
   ): Boolean =
-    findActionResult(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config) match
+    val inputDigest = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config.cacheVersion)
+    findActionResult(inputDigest, config) match
       case Right(_) => true
       case Left(_)  => false
 
+  inline private[sbt] def findActionResult(
+      inputDigest: Digest,
+      config: BuildWideCacheConfiguration,
+  ): Either[Throwable, ActionResult] =
+    // val logger = config.logger
+    CacheImplicits.setCacheSize(config.localDigestCacheByteSize)
+    val getRequest =
+      GetActionResultRequest(
+        inputDigest,
+        inlineStdout = false,
+        inlineStderr = false,
+        Vector(mkValuePath(inputDigest))
+      )
+    config.store.get(getRequest)
+
   inline private[sbt] def findActionResult[I: HashWriter](
       key: I,
       codeContentHash: Digest,
@@ -240,19 +279,35 @@ object ActionCache:
   ): Either[Throwable, ActionResult] =
     // val logger = config.logger
     CacheImplicits.setCacheSize(config.localDigestCacheByteSize)
-    val (input, valuePath) = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash)
+    val inputDigest = mkInput(key, codeContentHash, extraHash, config.cacheVersion)
     val getRequest =
-      GetActionResultRequest(input, inlineStdout = false, inlineStderr = false, Vector(valuePath))
+      GetActionResultRequest(
+        inputDigest,
+        inlineStdout = false,
+        inlineStderr = false,
+        Vector(mkValuePath(inputDigest))
+      )
     config.store.get(getRequest)
 
   private inline def mkInput[I: HashWriter](
       key: I,
       codeContentHash: Digest,
-      extraHash: Digest
-  ): (Digest, String) =
-    val input =
-      Digest.sha256Hash(codeContentHash, extraHash, Digest.dummy(Hasher.hashUnsafe[I](key)))
-    (input, s"$${OUT}/value/$input.json")
+      extraHash: Digest,
+      cacheVersion: Long,
+  ): Digest =
+    Digest.sha256Hash(
+      (Vector(
+        codeContentHash,
+        Digest.dummy(Hasher.hashUnsafe[I](key)),
+        extraHash
+      ) ++ {
+        if cacheVersion == 0 then Vector.empty
+        else Vector(Digest.dummy(cacheVersion))
+      })*
+    )
+
+  private inline def mkValuePath(inputDigest: Digest): String =
+    s"$${OUT}/value/${inputDigest}.json"
 
   def manifestFromFile(manifest: Path): Manifest =
     import sbt.internal.util.codec.ManifestCodec.given
@@ -323,6 +378,14 @@ object ActionCache:
     private[sbt] def unapply[A1](r: InternalActionResult[A1]): Option[(A1, Seq[VirtualFile])] =
       Some(r.value, r.outputs)
   end InternalActionResult
+
+  private[sbt] def logEvent(event: SpawnExec, log: PrintWriter): Unit =
+    import sbt.internal.util.codec.SpawnCodec.given
+    val json = Converter.toJsonUnsafe(event)
+    val s = PrettyPrinter(json)
+    log.println(s)
+    log.flush()
+
 end ActionCache
 
 class BuildWideCacheConfiguration(
@@ -332,13 +395,14 @@ class BuildWideCacheConfiguration(
     val logger: Logger,
     val cacheEventLog: CacheEventLog,
     val localDigestCacheByteSize: Long,
+    val cacheVersion: Long,
 ):
   def this(
       store: ActionCacheStore,
       outputDirectory: Path,
       fileConverter: FileConverter,
       logger: Logger,
-      cacheEventLog: CacheEventLog
+      cacheEventLog: CacheEventLog,
   ) =
     this(
       store,
@@ -346,7 +410,26 @@ class BuildWideCacheConfiguration(
       fileConverter,
       logger,
       cacheEventLog,
-      CacheImplicits.defaultLocalDigestCacheByteSize
+      CacheImplicits.defaultLocalDigestCacheByteSize,
+      0L,
+    )
+
+  def this(
+      store: ActionCacheStore,
+      outputDirectory: Path,
+      fileConverter: FileConverter,
+      logger: Logger,
+      cacheEventLog: CacheEventLog,
+      localDigestCacheByteSize: Long,
+  ) =
+    this(
+      store,
+      outputDirectory,
+      fileConverter,
+      logger,
+      cacheEventLog,
+      localDigestCacheByteSize,
+      0L,
     )
 
   override def toString(): String =
diff --git a/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheStore.scala b/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheStore.scala
index e551900f1..cb6c78e47 100644
--- a/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheStore.scala
+++ b/util-cache/src/main/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheStore.scala
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ end AbstractActionCacheStore
 /**
  * An aggregate ActionCacheStore.
  */
-class AggregateActionCacheStore(stores: Seq[ActionCacheStore]) extends AbstractActionCacheStore:
+case class AggregateActionCacheStore(stores: Seq[ActionCacheStore])
+    extends AbstractActionCacheStore:
   extension [A1](xs: Seq[A1])
     // unlike collectFirst this accepts A1 => Seq[A2]
     inline def collectFirst2[A2](f: A1 => Seq[A2], size: Int): Seq[A2] =
@@ -176,7 +177,8 @@ class InMemoryActionCacheStore extends AbstractActionCacheStore:
     underlying.toString()
 end InMemoryActionCacheStore
 
-class DiskActionCacheStore(base: Path, converter: FileConverter) extends AbstractActionCacheStore:
+case class DiskActionCacheStore(base: Path, converter: FileConverter)
+    extends AbstractActionCacheStore:
   lazy val casBase: Path = {
     val dir = base.resolve("cas")
     IO.createDirectory(dir.toFile)
diff --git a/util-cache/src/test/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheTest.scala b/util-cache/src/test/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheTest.scala
index 79bcc5831..05c79b48f 100644
--- a/util-cache/src/test/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheTest.scala
+++ b/util-cache/src/test/scala/sbt/util/ActionCacheTest.scala
@@ -298,6 +298,36 @@ object ActionCacheTest extends BasicTestSuite:
     assert(v2 == 42)
     assert(called == 2)
 
+  test("Changing cacheVersion invalidates the cache"):
+    withDiskCache(testCacheVersionInvalidation)
+
+  def testCacheVersionInvalidation(cache: ActionCacheStore): Unit =
+    import sjsonnew.BasicJsonProtocol.*
+    var called = 0
+    val action: ((Int, Int)) => InternalActionResult[Int] = { (a, b) =>
+      called += 1
+      InternalActionResult(a + b, Nil)
+    }
+    IO.withTemporaryDirectory: tempDir =>
+      val config0 = getCacheConfig(cache, tempDir)
+      // First call: computes the result
+      val v1 = ActionCache.cache((1, 1), Digest.zero, Digest.zero, tags, config0)(action)
+      assert(v1 == 2)
+      assert(called == 1)
+      // Second call with same config: hits cache
+      val v2 = ActionCache.cache((1, 1), Digest.zero, Digest.zero, tags, config0)(action)
+      assert(v2 == 2)
+      assert(called == 1)
+      // Third call with different cacheVersion: cache miss, recomputes
+      val config1 = getCacheConfig(cache, tempDir, cacheVersion = 1L)
+      val v3 = ActionCache.cache((1, 1), Digest.zero, Digest.zero, tags, config1)(action)
+      assert(v3 == 2)
+      assert(called == 2)
+      // Fourth call with same cacheVersion=1: hits cache again
+      val v4 = ActionCache.cache((1, 1), Digest.zero, Digest.zero, tags, config1)(action)
+      assert(v4 == 2)
+      assert(called == 2)
+
   def withInMemoryCache(f: InMemoryActionCacheStore => Unit): Unit =
     val cache = InMemoryActionCacheStore()
     f(cache)
@@ -312,12 +342,24 @@ object ActionCacheTest extends BasicTestSuite:
       keepDirectory = false
     )
 
-  def getCacheConfig(cache: ActionCacheStore, outputDir: File): BuildWideCacheConfiguration =
+  def getCacheConfig(
+      cache: ActionCacheStore,
+      outputDir: File,
+      cacheVersion: Long = 0L,
+  ): BuildWideCacheConfiguration =
     val logger = new Logger:
       override def trace(t: => Throwable): Unit = ()
       override def success(message: => String): Unit = ()
       override def log(level: Level.Value, message: => String): Unit = ()
-    BuildWideCacheConfiguration(cache, outputDir.toPath(), fileConverter, logger, CacheEventLog())
+    BuildWideCacheConfiguration(
+      cache,
+      outputDir.toPath(),
+      fileConverter,
+      logger,
+      CacheEventLog(),
+      CacheImplicits.defaultLocalDigestCacheByteSize,
+      cacheVersion,
+    )
 
   def fileConverter = new FileConverter:
     override def toPath(ref: VirtualFileRef): Path = Paths.get(ref.id)