# 
# Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Matthias Koefferlein
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
#

require "cpp_classes.rb"
require "cpp_parser_classes.rb"

grammar CPP

  rule s
    [ \t\n\r]*
  end

  rule sp
    [ \t\n\r]+
  end

  rule string_const
    '"' ( [^\\"] / "\\" . )* '"'
  end

  rule char_const
    "'" ( [^\\'] / "\\" . )* "'"
  end

  rule numeric_const
    "-"? ( [0-9]+ ( "." [0-9]* )? / "." [0-9]+ ) ( [eE] "-"? [0-9]+ )? 
  end

  rule hex_const
    "0x" [0-9a-fA-F]+
  end

  rule attribute_value 
    "(" ( s ( "," s )? attribute_value )* s ")" / numeric_const / string_const / id
  end

  rule ignored_attr
    "__attribute__" s attribute_value / 
    "__asm" s attribute_value / 
    "constexpr" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / 
    "__extension__" / 
    "__inline" / 
    "__m64" / 
    "__m128" / 
    "__m128d" / 
    "__m128i" / 
    "__m256" / 
    "__m256d" / 
    "__m256i" / 
    "__m512" / 
    "__m512d" / 
    "__m512i" / 
    "__mmask8" / 
    "__mmask16" / 
    "__v8df" / 
    "__v8di" / 
    "__v16sf" / 
    "__v16si" / 
    "decltype" s attribute_value / 
    "alignas" s "(" s block s ")" / 
    "[[" s block s "]]"
  end

  rule a
    s ( ignored_attr s )*
  end

  rule unary_op
    "~" / "!" / "-" / "*" / "&"
  end

  rule bin_op_wo_gt
    "+=" / "++" / "+" / "->" / "-=" / "--" / "-" / "()" / "[]" / "&&" / "&=" / "&" / "||" / "|=" / "|" /
    "==" / "=" / "!=" / "*=" / "*" / "/=" / "/" / "%=" / "%" / "<=" / "<<=" / "<<" / "<" /
    "~=" / "^=" / "^" / "~=" / ">=" / ">>="
  end

  rule bin_op
    bin_op_wo_gt / ">>" / ">"
  end

  rule id
    "operator" s "," /
    "operator" s ( bin_op / unary_op / "," ) /
    "operator" sp [a-zA-Z_0-9\*\& \t\n\r]+ &( s "(" ) /
    "~"? [a-zA-Z_] [a-zA-Z_0-9]*
  end

  rule template_arg_part_any
    block_wo_gt <PConst> 
  end

  rule template_arg_part
    qualified_id &( ( s ">" / "," ) ) / template_arg_part_any
  end

  rule template_args
    template_arg_part ( s "," s template_arg_part )* <PTemplateArgs>
  end

  rule id_with_template_args
    id:id taspec:( s "<" s ta:template_args s ">" )? <PId>
  end

  rule qualified_id 
    globalspec:( "::" s )? id_with_template_args ( s "::" id_with_template_args )* <PQualifiedId>
  end

  rule int_type_attr
    "signed" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "unsigned" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "long" ( sp "long" )? ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "short" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] 
  end

  rule int_type
    ( 
      ( int_type_attr s )* "int" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / 
      int_type_attr ( s int_type_attr )* !"char" ( s "int" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] )? 
    ) <PIntType>
  end

  rule char_type
    ( "signed" sp / "unsigned" sp )? s !"int" "char" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PCharType>
  end

  rule bool_type
    "bool" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PBoolType>
  end

  rule void_type
    "void" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PVoidType>
  end

  rule float_type
    ( "long" sp )? ( "double" / "float" ) ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PFloatType>
  end

  rule enum_spec
    a id:id a initspec:( s "=" s init:block_wo_comma )? <PEnumSpec>
  end

  rule enum_body
    enum_spec ( s "," s enum_spec )* ","?
  end

  rule enum_type
    "enum" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] a is_class:(s "class" )? s id:id? ( s ":" s type )? bodyspec:( s "{" s body:enum_body s "}" )? <PEnumType>
  end

  rule virtual_spec
    "virtual" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PVirtual>
  end

  rule explicit_key
    "explicit" ![a-zA-Z0-9_]
  end

  rule mutable_key
    "mutable" ![a-zA-Z0-9_]
  end

  rule member_declaration_wo_semicolon
    template:( d:template_decl s )?
    attr:( ( explicit_key / mutable_key / storage_class / inline_spec / virtual_spec / ignored_attr ) s )*
    t:type 
    # type declaration ends with a } .. does not need a semicolon
    # (i.e. nested struct or enum)
    &{ |seq| seq[-1].text_value_ends_with_curly_brace }
    s
    ( ":" s block_wo_curly_braces s )?
    ( trailing_return_type )?
    a
    (
      "{" s block s "}" /
      ";"?
    ) <PDeclaration>
  end

  rule member_declaration_w_semicolon
    template:( d:template_decl s )?
    attr:( ( explicit_key / mutable_key / storage_class / inline_spec / virtual_spec / ignored_attr ) s )*
    t:type 
    # opposite case (member_see declaration_wo_semicolon)
    # (i.e. nested struct or enum)
    !{ |seq| seq[-1].text_value_ends_with_curly_brace }
    s
    ( ":" s block_wo_curly_braces s )?
    ( trailing_return_type )?
    a
    (
      "{" s block s "}" /
      ";" 
    ) <PDeclaration>
  end

  rule member_declaration
    a ( member_declaration_wo_semicolon / member_declaration_w_semicolon )
  end

  rule friend_decl
    a template:( d:template_decl s )? "friend" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s t:member_declaration <PFriendDecl>
  end

  rule class_struct_body_declarations
    ( s ";" / s static_assert / s friend_decl / s using / s typedef / s !( "public" / "private" / "protected" ) member_declaration )* 
  end

  rule class_struct_body
    class_struct_body_declarations
    ( 
      s "public" s ":" d:class_struct_body_declarations <PPublicClassStructBodyDeclarations> /
      s "private" s ":" d:class_struct_body_declarations <PPrivateClassStructBodyDeclarations> / 
      s "protected" s ":" d:class_struct_body_declarations <PProtectedClassStructBodyDeclarations> 
    )* 
  end

  rule class_id 
    # In order to easily distinguish between constructor methods without 
    # a return type and class or typedef names we assume that all "name("
    # constructs are considered constructor names but "name (*func_ptr) ()" or "name (class::*method_ptr) ()" is not.
    qualified_id s ( "..." s )? !( "(" !( s "*" / s qualified_id s "::*" ) )
  end

  rule typeof 
    "__typeof" s "(" s qid:qualified_id s ")" <PTypeOf>
  end

  rule base_class
    attr:( "public" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s / "private" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s / "protected" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s / "virtual" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s )* a cid:class_id <PBaseClass>
  end

  rule base_classes
    base_class ( s "," s base_classes )?
  end

  rule class_or_struct_type
    stype:( "union" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "struct" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "class" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] ) a idspec:( s id:class_id )? bcspec:( s ":" s bc:base_classes )? bodyspec:( s "{" s body:class_struct_body s "}" )? <PStructOrClassType>
  end
    
  rule concrete_type
    ( class_or_struct_type / enum_type / float_type / char_type / int_type / bool_type / void_type / typeof / class_id )?
  end

  rule cv
    ( "const" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "__const" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "volatile" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "__volatile" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] ) <PCV>
  end

  rule pointer 
    cvspec:( cv:cv s )? "*" itspec:( s it:inner_type )? <PPointer>
  end
    
  rule reference 
    cvspec:( cv:cv s )? "&" itspec:( s it:inner_type )? <PReference>
  end

  rule array_spec
    "[" s block_wo_comma s "]" <PArraySpec>
  end

  rule func_arg_part
    t:type_wo_comma !"..." <PFuncArgPart>
  end

  rule ellipsis
    "..." <PEllipsis>
  end

  rule func_args
    &")" /
    func_arg_part ( s "," s func_arg_part )* ( s "," s ellipsis )? /
    ellipsis
  end

  rule noexcept_spec
    "noexcept" ( s "(" s block s ")" )?
  end

  rule func_spec
    "(" s fa:( a:func_args )? s ")" cvspec:( s cv:cv )? refspec:( s ref:( "&" !"&" / "&&" ) )? ( s "throw" s "(" s ( type_wo_comma s )? ")" / s noexcept_spec / s override_key )* a <PFuncSpec>
  end

  rule member_pointer
    cspec:( qid:qualified_id s "::*" s ) itspec:( it:inner_type )? cvspec:( s cv:cv )? refspec:( s ref:( "&" !"&" / "&&" ) )? <PMemberPointer> 
  end

  rule inner_type_with_cv
    cvspec:cv s it:inner_type <PInnerTypeWithCV>
  end

  rule inner_type
    it:( 
      "(" s inner_type s ")" /
      inner_type_with_cv /
      pointer /
      reference /
      member_pointer /
      ( "__restrict" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s / "..." s )* qualified_id  
    ) 
    pfx:( s spec:( array_spec / func_spec ) )* 
    <PInnerType>
  end

  rule init_spec
    block_wo_comma / "default" / "delete" / "0"
  end

  rule type
    cvspec:( cv:cv s )? 
    a
    ( "typename" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s )? 
    ct:concrete_type 
    a
    il:( s t1:inner_type i1:(s "=" s is1:init_spec)? tt:( s "," s t2:inner_type i2:(s "=" s is2:init_spec)? )* )? 
    # alternative initialization if only a concrete type is given:
    pi:( s "=" s is:init_spec )? 
    <PType>
  end

  rule type_wo_comma
    cvspec:( cv:cv s )? 
    a
    ( "typename" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s )? 
    ct:concrete_type 
    il:( s t:inner_type i:(s "=" s is:init_spec)? )? 
    # alternative initialization if only a concrete type is given:
    pi:( s "=" s is:init_spec )? 
    <PTypeWoComma>
  end

  rule type_for_template
    cvspec:( cv:cv s )? 
    a
    ( ( "typename" / "class" ) ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s ( "..." s )? )? 
    ct:concrete_type 
    il:( s t:inner_type )? 
    <PTypeForTemplate>
  end

  rule storage_class
    ( "static" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] / "extern" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] ( s '"C"' / s '"C++"' / s '"Pascal"' )? ) <PStorageClass>
  end

  rule override_key
    "override" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] 
  end

  rule inline_spec
    "inline" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] <PInline>
  end

  # parse over blocks as gracefully as possible ...
  rule block_atom_wo_gt
    "(" s block s ")" / "[" s block s "]" / "<" !"=" s block_wo_gt ( s "," s block_wo_gt )* s ">" / 
    numeric_const / hex_const / string_const / char_const /
    id ( s "{" s block s "}" )? / unary_op / bin_op_wo_gt / "?" / "::" / "." / ":" / ";"
  end

  rule block_wo_gt
    ( s block_atom_wo_gt / s "{" s block s "}" )* 
  end

  # parse over blocks as gracefully as possible ...
  rule block_atom
    "(" s block s ")" / "[" s block s "]" / "<" s block_wo_gt ( s "," s block_wo_gt )* s ">" /
    numeric_const / hex_const / string_const / char_const /
    id ( s "{" s block s "}" )? / unary_op / bin_op / "?" / "::" / "." / ":"
  end

  rule block
    ( s block_atom / s ";" / s "," / s "{" s block s "}" )* 
  end

  rule block_wo_curly_braces
    ( s block_atom / s "," )* 
  end

  rule block_wo_comma
    ( s block_atom / s "{" s block s "}" )* 
  end

  rule using
    "using" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] ( s "namespace" )? ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s id:qualified_id a ";" <PUsing>
  end

  rule static_assert
    "static_assert" s "(" s block s ")"
  end

  rule typedef
    a "typedef" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s t:type a ";" <PTypedef>
  end

  rule template_decl_arg
    t:type_for_template dtspec:( s "=" s dt:block_wo_gt )? <PClassTemplateArg> 
  end

  rule template_decl
    "template" s "<" s ( !">" template_decl_arg s ( "," s template_decl_arg )* )? s ">" <PTemplateDecl>
  end

  rule trailing_return_type
    "->" s ( "decltype" s "(" s block s ")" / type )
  end

  rule declaration_w_semicolon
    template:( d:template_decl s )?
    template_member:( d_member:template_decl s )?
    attr:( ( storage_class / inline_spec / ignored_attr ) s )*
    t:type 
    # type declaration ends with a } .. does not need a semicolon
    # (i.e. nested struct or enum)
    !{ |seq| seq[-1].text_value_ends_with_curly_brace }
    s ( ":" s block_wo_curly_braces s )?
    ( trailing_return_type )?
    a
    (
      "{" s block s "}" /
      ";" 
    ) <PDeclaration>
  end

  rule declaration_wo_semicolon
    template:( d:template_decl s )?
    attr:( ( storage_class / inline_spec / ignored_attr ) s )*
    t:type 
    # opposite case (see declaration_wo_semicolon)
    # (i.e. nested struct or enum)
    &{ |seq| seq[-1].text_value_ends_with_curly_brace }
    s ( ":" s block_wo_curly_braces s )?
    ( trailing_return_type )?
    a
    (
      "{" s block s "}" /
      ";"?
    ) <PDeclaration>
  end

  rule declaration
    declaration_w_semicolon / declaration_wo_semicolon
  end

  rule namespace
    "namespace" ![a-zA-Z0-9_] s n:id 
    a "{" decls:( a ( ";" / static_assert / using / typedef / namespace / declaration ) )* s "}" <PNamespace>
  end

  rule extern_decl
    "extern" s n:( '"C"' / '"C++"' / '"Pascal"' ) s 
    a "{" decls:( a ( ";" / typedef / namespace / extern_decl / declaration ) )* s "}" <PExternBlock>
  end

  rule asm
    "asm" s "(" s block s ")"
  end

  rule module
    ( a ( ";" / static_assert / using / typedef / namespace / extern_decl / declaration / asm ) )* s <PModule>
  end

end