diff --git a/src/db/db/dbAsIfFlatRegion.cc b/src/db/db/dbAsIfFlatRegion.cc
index 63686cb65..d97e764ff 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbAsIfFlatRegion.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbAsIfFlatRegion.cc
@@ -1399,14 +1399,18 @@ AsIfFlatRegion::sized_inside (const Region &inside, bool outside, coord_type dx,
     throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("'sized_inside' operation does not make sense with negative sizing")));
   }
 
+  if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) {
+    steps = 1;
+  }
+
   //  NOTE: it does not provide benefits to merge the outside region, so just don't
   auto inside_polygons = outside ? inside.begin () : inside.begin_merged ();
   bool inside_polygons_is_merged = outside ? inside.is_merged () : true;
 
   auto polygons = begin_merged ();
 
-  std::unique_ptr<FlatRegion> res (new FlatRegion ());
-  std::unique_ptr<FlatRegion> prev;
+  std::unique_ptr<RegionDelegate> res (new FlatRegion ());
+  std::unique_ptr<RegionDelegate> prev;
 
   int steps_from = 0;
 
@@ -1444,18 +1448,18 @@ AsIfFlatRegion::sized_inside (const Region &inside, bool outside, coord_type dx,
     others.push_back (inside_polygons);
 
     std::vector<db::Shapes *> results;
-    results.push_back (&res->raw_polygons ());
+    db::FlatRegion *res_flat = dynamic_cast<db::FlatRegion *> (res.get ());
+    tl_assert (res_flat != 0);
+    results.push_back (&res_flat->raw_polygons ());
     proc.run_flat (prev.get () ? prev->begin () : polygons, others, std::vector<bool> (), &op, results);
 
     //  NOTE: in the last step we apply a polygon breaker in addition to "merge" so the
     //  result is granular for better deep mode performance
     if (steps > 0) {
-      prev.reset (dynamic_cast<db::FlatRegion *> (res->merged ()));
-      tl_assert (prev.get () != 0);
+      prev.reset (res->merged ());
       res.reset (new db::FlatRegion ());
     } else {
-      res.reset (dynamic_cast<db::FlatRegion *> (res->processed (db::PolygonBreaker (proc.max_vertex_count (), proc.area_ratio ()))));
-      tl_assert (res.get () != 0);
+      res.reset (res->processed (db::PolygonBreaker (proc.max_vertex_count (), proc.area_ratio ())));
     }
 
   }
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbDeepRegion.cc b/src/db/db/dbDeepRegion.cc
index 15e2074ce..076e9f46b 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbDeepRegion.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbDeepRegion.cc
@@ -1803,9 +1803,13 @@ DeepRegion::sized_inside (const Region &inside, bool outside, coord_type dx, coo
     throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("'sized_inside' operation does not make sense with negative sizing")));
   }
 
+  if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) {
+    steps = 1;
+  }
+
   const db::DeepRegion *inside_deep = dynamic_cast<const db::DeepRegion *> (inside.delegate ());
   if (! inside_deep) {
-    return db::AsIfFlatRegion::sized_inside (inside, dx, dy, steps, mode);
+    return db::AsIfFlatRegion::sized_inside (inside, outside, dx, dy, steps, mode);
   }
 
   //  NOTE: it does not provide benefits to merge the outside region, so just don't
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbRegionLocalOperations.cc b/src/db/db/dbRegionLocalOperations.cc
index b69bd33ff..d0bf5b91c 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbRegionLocalOperations.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbRegionLocalOperations.cc
@@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ template <class TS, class TI, class TR>
 OnEmptyIntruderHint
 sized_inside_local_operation<TS, TI, TR>::on_empty_intruder_hint () const
 {
-  return Drop;
+  return m_outside ? Ignore : Drop;
 }
 
 template <class TS, class TI, class TR>
diff --git a/src/db/unit_tests/dbRegionTests.cc b/src/db/unit_tests/dbRegionTests.cc
index eaaee9e8c..2056f924f 100644
--- a/src/db/unit_tests/dbRegionTests.cc
+++ b/src/db/unit_tests/dbRegionTests.cc
@@ -2566,6 +2566,281 @@ TEST(56_RegionsFromShapes)
   EXPECT_EQ (db::Region (si, db::ICplxTrans (0.5), false).area (), 10000);
 }
 
+TEST(60_sized_inside)
+{
+  db::Region r, inside;
+  r.insert (db::Box (-10, 20, 20, 60));
+  r.insert (db::Box (20, 20, 30, 60));
+  inside.insert (db::Box (-10, 10, 100, 100));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;30,80;30,10)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;40,80;40,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, -1, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(61_sized_outside)
+{
+  db::Region r, outside;
+  r.insert (db::Box (-10, 20, 20, 60));
+  r.insert (db::Box (20, 20, 30, 60));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 0, -10, 110));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (100, 0, 110, 110));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 0, 110, 10));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 100, 110, 110));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;30,80;30,10)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;40,80;40,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,0;-10,80;30,80;30,0)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-20,0;-20,80;40,80;40,0)");
+
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, -1, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(62_sized_inside_deep)
+{
+  db::DeepShapeStore dss ("TOP", 0.001);
+  db::Region r (dss), inside (dss), empty (dss);
+
+  r.insert (db::Box (-10, 20, 20, 60));
+  r.insert (db::Box (20, 20, 30, 60));
+  inside.insert (db::Box (-10, 10, 100, 100));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (empty, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (empty, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;30,80;30,10)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (inside, false, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;40,80;40,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), false, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, false, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "");
+
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, -1, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (inside, false, 1, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(63_sized_outside_deep)
+{
+  db::DeepShapeStore dss ("TOP", 0.001);
+  db::Region r (dss), outside (dss), empty (dss);
+
+  r.insert (db::Box (-10, 20, 20, 60));
+  r.insert (db::Box (20, 20, 30, 60));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 0, -10, 110));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (100, 0, 110, 110));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 0, 110, 10));
+  outside.insert (db::Box (-20, 100, 110, 110));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (db::Region ().sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (empty, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (empty, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "");
+  EXPECT_EQ (empty.sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, -1).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,100;70,100;70,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;30,80;30,10)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (outside, true, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,10;-10,80;40,80;40,10)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,0;-10,80;30,80;30,0)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (db::Region (), true, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-20,0;-20,80;40,80;40,0)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 0, 0, 40).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 1, 1, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 40, 40, 40).to_string (), "(-50,-20;-50,100;70,100;70,-20)");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 0, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-10,0;-10,80;30,80;30,0)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 1, 2, 0).to_string (), "(-10,20;-10,60;20,60;20,20);(20,20;20,60;30,60;30,20)");
+  EXPECT_EQ (r.sized_inside (empty, true, 10, 20, 10).to_string (), "(-20,0;-20,80;40,80;40,0)");
+
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, -1, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+  try {
+    //  no negative sizing
+    r.sized_inside (outside, true, 1, -1, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ (true, false);
+  } catch (...) {
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(100_Processors)
 {
   db::Region r;