diff --git a/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistReader.cc b/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistReader.cc
index 0e5a4ae46..fdc344763 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistReader.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistReader.cc
@@ -495,19 +495,25 @@ void
 LayoutToNetlistStandardReader::read_pin (db::Netlist * /*netlist*/, db::LayoutToNetlist * /*l2n*/, db::Circuit *circuit, std::map<unsigned int, Net *> &id2net)
 {
   Brace br (this);
+
   std::string name;
   read_word_or_quoted (name);
-  unsigned int netid = (unsigned int) read_int ();
-  br.done ();
-
   const db::Pin &pin = circuit->add_pin (name);
 
-  db::Net *net = id2net [netid];
-  if (!net) {
-    throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid net ID: ")) + tl::to_string (netid));
+  if (br) {
+
+    unsigned int netid = (unsigned int) read_int ();
+    db::Net *net = id2net [netid];
+    if (!net) {
+      throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid net ID: ")) + tl::to_string (netid));
+    }
+
+    circuit->connect_pin (pin.id (), net);
+
   }
 
-  circuit->connect_pin (pin.id (), net);
+  br.done ();
+
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -616,18 +622,23 @@ LayoutToNetlistStandardReader::read_device (db::Netlist *netlist, db::LayoutToNe
       Brace br2 (this);
       std::string tname;
       read_word_or_quoted (tname);
-      unsigned int netid = (unsigned int) read_int ();
-      br2.done ();
 
       size_t tid = terminal_id (dm.second, tname);
       max_tid = std::max (max_tid, tid + 1);
 
-      db::Net *net = id2net [netid];
-      if (!net) {
-        throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid net ID: ")) + tl::to_string (netid));
+      if (br2) {
+
+        unsigned int netid = (unsigned int) read_int ();
+        db::Net *net = id2net [netid];
+        if (!net) {
+          throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid net ID: ")) + tl::to_string (netid));
+        }
+
+        device->connect_terminal (tid, net);
+
       }
 
-      device->connect_terminal (tid, net);
+      br2.done ();
 
     } else if (test (skeys::param_key) || test (lkeys::param_key)) {
 
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistWriter.cc b/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistWriter.cc
index 487c41409..34c214c14 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistWriter.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbLayoutToNetlistWriter.cc
@@ -226,6 +226,8 @@ void std_writer_impl<Keys>::write (const db::Netlist *netlist, const db::LayoutT
       const db::Net *net = circuit.net_for_pin (p->id ());
       if (net) {
         *mp_stream << indent << indent1 << Keys::pin_key << "(" << tl::to_word_or_quoted_string (p->expanded_name ()) << " " << (*net2id) [net] << ")" << endl;
+      } else {
+        *mp_stream << indent << indent1 << Keys::pin_key << "(" << tl::to_word_or_quoted_string (p->expanded_name ()) << ")" << endl;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -530,6 +532,8 @@ void std_writer_impl<Keys>::write (const db::LayoutToNetlist * /*l2n*/, const db
     const db::Net *net = device.net_for_terminal (i->id ());
     if (net) {
       *mp_stream << indent << indent2 << Keys::terminal_key << "(" << tl::to_word_or_quoted_string (i->name ()) << " " << net2id [net] << ")" << endl;
+    } else {
+      *mp_stream << indent << indent2 << Keys::terminal_key << "(" << tl::to_word_or_quoted_string (i->name ()) << ")" << endl;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbLayoutVsSchematicReader.cc b/src/db/db/dbLayoutVsSchematicReader.cc
index 9eadfbed1..e146b7088 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbLayoutVsSchematicReader.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbLayoutVsSchematicReader.cc
@@ -162,18 +162,24 @@ void LayoutVsSchematicStandardReader::read_xref (db::NetlistCrossReference *xref
 
       Brace br (this);
 
-      std::string name_a, name_b;
-      read_word_or_quoted (name_a);
-      read_word_or_quoted (name_b);
+      std::pair<std::string, bool> non_a, non_b;
+      non_a = read_non_string ();
+      non_b = read_non_string ();
 
-      const db::Circuit *circuit_a = xref->netlist_a ()->circuit_by_name (name_a);
-      if (! circuit_a) {
-        throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid circuit name: ")) + name_a);
+      const db::Circuit *circuit_a = 0;
+      if (non_a.second) {
+        circuit_a = xref->netlist_a ()->circuit_by_name (non_a.first);
+        if (! circuit_a) {
+          throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid circuit name: ")) + non_a.first);
+        }
       }
 
-      const db::Circuit *circuit_b = xref->netlist_b ()->circuit_by_name (name_b);
-      if (! circuit_b) {
-        throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid circuit name: ")) + name_b);
+      const db::Circuit *circuit_b = 0;
+      if (non_b.second) {
+        circuit_b = xref->netlist_b ()->circuit_by_name (non_b.first);
+        if (! circuit_b) {
+          throw tl::Exception (tl::to_string (tr ("Not a valid circuit name: ")) + non_b.first);
+        }
       }
 
       xref->gen_begin_circuit (circuit_a, circuit_b);
diff --git a/src/db/unit_tests/dbLayoutVsSchematicTests.cc b/src/db/unit_tests/dbLayoutVsSchematicTests.cc
index 49e07711f..e9d184efe 100644
--- a/src/db/unit_tests/dbLayoutVsSchematicTests.cc
+++ b/src/db/unit_tests/dbLayoutVsSchematicTests.cc
@@ -257,3 +257,199 @@ TEST(1_BasicFlow)
   compare_lvsdbs (_this, path2, au_path);
 }
 
+
+TEST(2_FlowWithErrors)
+{
+  db::Layout ly;
+  db::LayerMap lmap;
+
+  unsigned int nwell      = define_layer (ly, lmap, 1);
+  unsigned int active     = define_layer (ly, lmap, 2);
+  unsigned int pplus      = define_layer (ly, lmap, 10);
+  unsigned int nplus      = define_layer (ly, lmap, 11);
+  unsigned int poly       = define_layer (ly, lmap, 3);
+  unsigned int poly_lbl   = define_layer (ly, lmap, 3, 1);
+  unsigned int diff_cont  = define_layer (ly, lmap, 4);
+  unsigned int poly_cont  = define_layer (ly, lmap, 5);
+  unsigned int metal1     = define_layer (ly, lmap, 6);
+  unsigned int metal1_lbl = define_layer (ly, lmap, 6, 1);
+  unsigned int via1       = define_layer (ly, lmap, 7);
+  unsigned int metal2     = define_layer (ly, lmap, 8);
+  unsigned int metal2_lbl = define_layer (ly, lmap, 8, 1);
+
+  {
+    db::LoadLayoutOptions options;
+    options.get_options<db::CommonReaderOptions> ().layer_map = lmap;
+    options.get_options<db::CommonReaderOptions> ().create_other_layers = false;
+
+    std::string fn (tl::testsrc ());
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "testdata");
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "algo");
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "lvs_test_1.gds");
+
+    tl::InputStream stream (fn);
+    db::Reader reader (stream);
+    reader.read (ly, options);
+  }
+
+  db::Cell &tc = ly.cell (*ly.begin_top_down ());
+  db::LayoutVsSchematic lvs (db::RecursiveShapeIterator (ly, tc, std::set<unsigned int> ()));
+
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rbulk (lvs.make_layer ("bulk"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rnwell (lvs.make_layer (nwell, "nwell"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> ractive (lvs.make_layer (active, "active"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rpplus (lvs.make_layer (pplus, "pplus"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rnplus (lvs.make_layer (nplus, "nplus"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rpoly (lvs.make_polygon_layer (poly, "poly"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rpoly_lbl (lvs.make_text_layer (poly_lbl, "poly_lbl"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rdiff_cont (lvs.make_polygon_layer (diff_cont, "diff_cont"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rpoly_cont (lvs.make_polygon_layer (poly_cont, "poly_cont"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rmetal1 (lvs.make_polygon_layer (metal1, "metal1"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rmetal1_lbl (lvs.make_text_layer (metal1_lbl, "metal1_lbl"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rvia1 (lvs.make_polygon_layer (via1, "via1"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rmetal2 (lvs.make_polygon_layer (metal2, "metal2"));
+  std::auto_ptr<db::Region> rmetal2_lbl (lvs.make_text_layer (metal2_lbl, "metal2_lbl"));
+
+  //  derived regions
+
+  db::Region ractive_in_nwell = *ractive & *rnwell;
+  db::Region rpactive = ractive_in_nwell & *rpplus;
+  db::Region rntie    = ractive_in_nwell & *rnplus;
+  db::Region rpgate   = rpactive & *rpoly;
+  db::Region rpsd     = rpactive - rpgate;
+
+  db::Region ractive_outside_nwell = *ractive - *rnwell;
+  db::Region rnactive = ractive_outside_nwell & *rnplus;
+  db::Region rptie    = ractive_outside_nwell & *rpplus;
+  db::Region rngate   = rnactive & *rpoly;
+  db::Region rnsd     = rnactive - rngate;
+
+  //  return the computed layers into the original layout and write it for debugging purposes
+
+  unsigned int lgate  = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (20, 0));      // 20/0 -> Gate
+  unsigned int lsd    = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (21, 0));      // 21/0 -> Source/Drain
+  unsigned int lpdiff = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (22, 0));      // 22/0 -> P Diffusion
+  unsigned int lndiff = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (23, 0));      // 23/0 -> N Diffusion
+  unsigned int lptie  = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (24, 0));      // 24/0 -> P Tie
+  unsigned int lntie  = ly.insert_layer (db::LayerProperties (25, 0));      // 25/0 -> N Tie
+
+  rpgate.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lgate);
+  rngate.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lgate);
+  rpsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lsd);
+  rnsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lsd);
+  rpsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lpdiff);
+  rnsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lndiff);
+  rpsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lptie);
+  rnsd.insert_into (&ly, tc.cell_index (), lntie);
+
+  db::NetlistDeviceExtractorMOS4Transistor pmos_ex ("PMOS");
+  db::NetlistDeviceExtractorMOS4Transistor nmos_ex ("NMOS");
+
+  //  device extraction
+
+  db::NetlistDeviceExtractor::input_layers dl;
+
+  dl["SD"] = &rpsd;
+  dl["G"] = &rpgate;
+  dl["P"] = rpoly.get ();  //  not needed for extraction but to return terminal shapes
+  dl["W"] = rnwell.get ();
+  lvs.extract_devices (pmos_ex, dl);
+
+  dl["SD"] = &rnsd;
+  dl["G"] = &rngate;
+  dl["P"] = rpoly.get ();  //  not needed for extraction but to return terminal shapes
+  dl["W"] = rbulk.get ();
+  lvs.extract_devices (nmos_ex, dl);
+
+  //  net extraction
+
+  lvs.register_layer (rpsd, "psd");
+  lvs.register_layer (rnsd, "nsd");
+  lvs.register_layer (rptie, "ptie");
+  lvs.register_layer (rntie, "ntie");
+
+  //  Intra-layer
+  lvs.connect (rpsd);
+  lvs.connect (rnsd);
+  lvs.connect (*rnwell);
+  lvs.connect (*rpoly);
+  lvs.connect (*rdiff_cont);
+  lvs.connect (*rpoly_cont);
+  lvs.connect (*rmetal1);
+  lvs.connect (*rvia1);
+  lvs.connect (*rmetal2);
+  lvs.connect (rptie);
+  lvs.connect (rntie);
+  //  Inter-layer
+  lvs.connect (rpsd,        *rdiff_cont);
+  lvs.connect (rnsd,        *rdiff_cont);
+  lvs.connect (*rpoly,      *rpoly_cont);
+  lvs.connect (*rpoly_cont, *rmetal1);
+  lvs.connect (*rdiff_cont, *rmetal1);
+  lvs.connect (*rdiff_cont, rptie);
+  lvs.connect (*rdiff_cont, rntie);
+  lvs.connect (*rnwell,     rntie);
+  lvs.connect (*rmetal1,    *rvia1);
+  lvs.connect (*rvia1,      *rmetal2);
+  lvs.connect (*rpoly,      *rpoly_lbl);     //  attaches labels
+  lvs.connect (*rmetal1,    *rmetal1_lbl);   //  attaches labels
+  lvs.connect (*rmetal2,    *rmetal2_lbl);   //  attaches labels
+  //  Global
+  lvs.connect_global (rptie, "BULK");
+  lvs.connect_global (*rbulk, "BULK");
+
+  //  create some mess - we have to keep references to the layers to make them not disappear
+  rmetal1_lbl.reset (0);
+  rmetal2_lbl.reset (0);
+  rpoly_lbl.reset (0);
+
+  lvs.extract_netlist ();
+
+  // doesn't do anything here, but we test that this does not destroy anything:
+  lvs.netlist ()->combine_devices ();
+
+  //  make pins for named nets of top-level circuits - this way they are not purged
+  lvs.netlist ()->make_top_level_pins ();
+  lvs.netlist ()->purge ();
+
+  //  read the reference netlist
+  {
+    db::NetlistSpiceReader reader;
+
+    std::string fn (tl::testsrc ());
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "testdata");
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "algo");
+    fn = tl::combine_path (fn, "lvs_test_2.spi");
+
+    std::auto_ptr<db::Netlist> netlist (new db::Netlist ());
+    tl::InputStream stream (fn);
+    reader.read (stream, *netlist);
+    lvs.set_reference_netlist (netlist.release ());
+  }
+
+  //  perform the compare
+  {
+    db::NetlistComparer comparer;
+    lvs.compare_netlists (&comparer);
+  }
+
+  //  save and compare
+
+  std::string path = tmp_file ("tmp_lvstest2.lvsdb");
+  lvs.save (path, false);
+
+  std::string au_path = tl::combine_path (tl::combine_path (tl::combine_path (tl::testsrc (), "testdata"), "algo"), "lvs_test2_au.lvsdb");
+
+  compare_lvsdbs (_this, path, au_path);
+
+  //  load, save and compare
+
+  db::LayoutVsSchematic lvs2;
+
+  std::string path2 = tmp_file ("tmp_lvstest2b.lvsdb");
+  lvs2.load (path);
+  lvs2.save (path2, false);
+
+  compare_lvsdbs (_this, path2, au_path);
+}
+
diff --git a/testdata/algo/lvs_test2_au.lvsdb b/testdata/algo/lvs_test2_au.lvsdb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6e4a5e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/algo/lvs_test2_au.lvsdb
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+#%lvsdb-klayout
+
+# Layout
+layout(
+ top(RINGO)
+ unit(0.001)
+
+ # Layer section
+ # This section lists the mask layers (drawing or derived) and their connections.
+
+ # Mask layers
+ layer(bulk '1/0')
+ layer(nwell '1/0')
+ layer(poly '3/0')
+ layer(poly_lbl '3/1')
+ layer(diff_cont '4/0')
+ layer(poly_cont '5/0')
+ layer(metal1 '6/0')
+ layer(metal1_lbl '6/1')
+ layer(via1 '7/0')
+ layer(metal2 '8/0')
+ layer(metal2_lbl '8/1')
+ layer(ntie)
+ layer(psd)
+ layer(ptie)
+ layer(nsd)
+
+ # Mask layer connectivity
+ connect(nwell nwell ntie)
+ connect(poly poly poly_lbl poly_cont)
+ connect(poly_lbl poly)
+ connect(diff_cont diff_cont metal1 ntie psd ptie nsd)
+ connect(poly_cont poly poly_cont metal1)
+ connect(metal1 diff_cont poly_cont metal1 metal1_lbl via1)
+ connect(metal1_lbl metal1)
+ connect(via1 metal1 via1 metal2)
+ connect(metal2 via1 metal2 metal2_lbl)
+ connect(metal2_lbl metal2)
+ connect(ntie nwell diff_cont ntie)
+ connect(psd diff_cont psd)
+ connect(ptie diff_cont ptie)
+ connect(nsd diff_cont nsd)
+
+ # Global nets and connectivity
+ global(bulk BULK)
+ global(ptie BULK)
+
+ # Device class section
+ class(PMOS MOS4)
+ class(NMOS MOS4)
+
+ # Device abstracts section
+ # Device abstracts list the pin shapes of the devices.
+ device(D$PMOS PMOS
+  terminal(S
+   rect(psd (-650 -875) (525 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(G
+   rect(poly (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(D
+   rect(psd (125 -875) (550 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(B
+   rect(nwell (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+ )
+ device(D$PMOS$1 PMOS
+  terminal(S
+   rect(psd (-675 -875) (550 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(G
+   rect(poly (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(D
+   rect(psd (125 -875) (525 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(B
+   rect(nwell (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+ )
+ device(D$NMOS NMOS
+  terminal(S
+   rect(nsd (-650 -875) (525 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(G
+   rect(poly (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(D
+   rect(nsd (125 -875) (550 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(B
+   rect(bulk (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+ )
+ device(D$NMOS$1 NMOS
+  terminal(S
+   rect(nsd (-675 -875) (550 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(G
+   rect(poly (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(D
+   rect(nsd (125 -875) (525 1750))
+  )
+  terminal(B
+   rect(bulk (-125 -875) (250 1750))
+  )
+ )
+
+ # Circuit section
+ # Circuits are the hierarchical building blocks of the netlist.
+ circuit(INV2
+
+  # Nets with their geometries
+  net(1
+   rect(nwell (-1400 1800) (2800 3580))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1510 -650) (220 220))
+   rect(ntie (-510 -450) (800 680))
+  )
+  net(2 name(IN)
+   rect(poly (-525 -250) (250 2500))
+   rect(poly (-1425 -630) (2100 360))
+   rect(poly (-125 -2230) (250 2500))
+   rect(poly (-1050 -3850) (250 2400))
+   rect(poly (550 1200) (250 2400))
+   rect(poly (-250 -6000) (250 2400))
+   rect(poly (-1050 1200) (250 2400))
+   rect(poly_lbl (-526 -2601) (2 2))
+   rect(poly_cont (-831 -111) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(3 name(OUT)
+   rect(diff_cont (-910 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (1310 -3710) (360 2220))
+   rect(metal1 (-1900 -800) (2220 360))
+   rect(metal1 (-2280 -2400) (360 2840))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -3600) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (1240 2040) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -5160) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-1960 2040) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1_lbl (1419 -2181) (2 2))
+   rect(psd (-276 524) (525 1750))
+   rect(psd (-2100 -1750) (525 1750))
+   rect(nsd (1050 -5350) (525 1750))
+   rect(nsd (-2100 -1750) (525 1750))
+  )
+  net(4 name(VSS)
+   rect(diff_cont (-110 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (-290 -290) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(via1 (-305 -705) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 150) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 -1450) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 150) (250 250))
+   rect(metal2 (-1525 -775) (2800 1700))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-161 -541) (2 2))
+   rect(nsd (-1516 -1186) (550 1750))
+  )
+  net(5 name(VDD)
+   rect(diff_cont (-110 2490) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (-290 -1490) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(via1 (-305 -1505) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 150) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 150) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (-250 150) (250 250))
+   rect(metal2 (-1525 -1575) (2800 1700))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-151 -1251) (2 2))
+   rect(psd (-1526 -476) (550 1750))
+  )
+  net(6 name(BULK)
+   rect(diff_cont (-110 -2160) (220 220))
+   rect(ptie (-510 -450) (800 680))
+  )
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin($0 1)
+  pin(IN 2)
+  pin(OUT 3)
+  pin(VSS 4)
+  pin(VDD 5)
+  pin(BULK 6)
+
+  # Devices and their connections
+  device($1 D$PMOS
+   device(D$PMOS$1 800 0)
+   connect(0 S S)
+   connect(0 S D)
+   connect(0 G G)
+   connect(0 G G)
+   connect(0 D D)
+   connect(0 D S)
+   connect(0 B B)
+   connect(0 B B)
+   location(-400 3200)
+   param(L 0.25)
+   param(W 3.5)
+   param(AS 1.4)
+   param(AD 1.4)
+   param(PS 6.85)
+   param(PD 6.85)
+   terminal(S 3)
+   terminal(G 2)
+   terminal(D 5)
+   terminal(B 1)
+  )
+  device($3 D$NMOS
+   device(D$NMOS$1 800 0)
+   connect(0 S S)
+   connect(0 S D)
+   connect(0 G G)
+   connect(0 G G)
+   connect(0 D D)
+   connect(0 D S)
+   connect(0 B B)
+   connect(0 B B)
+   location(-400 -400)
+   param(L 0.25)
+   param(W 3.5)
+   param(AS 1.4)
+   param(AD 1.4)
+   param(PS 6.85)
+   param(PD 6.85)
+   terminal(S 3)
+   terminal(G 2)
+   terminal(D 4)
+   terminal(B 6)
+  )
+
+ )
+ circuit(INV2PAIR
+
+  # Nets with their geometries
+  net(1 name(BULK))
+  net(2
+   rect(diff_cont (4230 3290) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (2350 -1490) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+  )
+  net(3
+   rect(diff_cont (4230 890) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (2350 -290) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+  )
+  net(4
+   rect(diff_cont (790 890) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(5)
+  net(6
+   rect(diff_cont (3430 890) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(7)
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin(BULK 1)
+  pin($1 2)
+  pin($2 3)
+  pin($3 4)
+  pin($4 5)
+  pin($5 6)
+  pin($6 7)
+
+  # Subcircuits and their connections
+  circuit($1 INV2 location(1700 800)
+   pin($0 7)
+   pin(IN 5)
+   pin(OUT 4)
+   pin(VSS 3)
+   pin(VDD 2)
+   pin(BULK 1)
+  )
+  circuit($2 INV2 location(4340 800)
+   pin($0 7)
+   pin(IN 4)
+   pin(OUT 6)
+   pin(VSS 3)
+   pin(VDD 2)
+   pin(BULK 1)
+  )
+
+ )
+ circuit(RINGO
+
+  # Nets with their geometries
+  net(1 name(FB)
+   rect(diff_cont (20210 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (-22130 -2290) (360 360))
+   rect(via1 (-305 -305) (250 250))
+   rect(via1 (23190 -250) (250 250))
+   rect(metal2 (-23765 -325) (23840 400))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-22121 -201) (2 2))
+  )
+  net(2 name(OSC)
+   rect(diff_cont (22850 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(via1 (1365 -2235) (250 250))
+   rect(metal2 (-325 -325) (400 400))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-201 -201) (2 2))
+  )
+  net(3 name(VDD)
+   rect(diff_cont (7810 2490) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (12980 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (7700 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (7700 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -1420) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (-21410 -10) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (-16200 -2600) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (12840 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (7560 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (7560 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-21301 -1181) (2 2))
+  )
+  net(4 name('BULK,VSS')
+   rect(diff_cont (7810 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (12980 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (7700 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (7700 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-2860 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 980) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(metal1 (-21410 -1330) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (2280 -1120) (360 1120))
+   rect(metal1 (-16200 -80) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (12840 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (7560 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (7560 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-3000 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal1 (-360 -1560) (360 1560))
+   rect(metal2_lbl (-21301 -381) (2 2))
+  )
+  net(5
+   rect(diff_cont (1730 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(6
+   rect(diff_cont (17570 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(7
+   rect(diff_cont (12290 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+  net(8
+   rect(diff_cont (7010 90) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (1380 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -3820) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 -620) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-1820 3380) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+   rect(diff_cont (-220 180) (220 220))
+  )
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin(FB 1)
+  pin(OSC 2)
+  pin(VDD 3)
+  pin('BULK,VSS' 4)
+
+  # Subcircuits and their connections
+  circuit($1 INV2PAIR location(19420 -800)
+   pin(BULK 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($3 1)
+   pin($4 6)
+   pin($5 2)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($2 INV2PAIR location(-1700 -800)
+   pin(BULK 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 1)
+   pin($5 5)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($3 INV2PAIR location(3580 -800)
+   pin(BULK 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 5)
+   pin($5 8)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($4 INV2PAIR location(8860 -800)
+   pin(BULK 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 8)
+   pin($5 7)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($5 INV2PAIR location(14140 -800)
+   pin(BULK 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 7)
+   pin($5 6)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+
+ )
+)
+
+# Reference netlist
+reference(
+
+ # Device class section
+ class(PMOS MOS4)
+ class(NMOS MOS4)
+
+ # Circuit section
+ # Circuits are the hierarchical building blocks of the netlist.
+ circuit(INV2
+
+  # Nets
+  net(1 name('1'))
+  net(2 name('2'))
+  net(3 name('3'))
+  net(4 name('4'))
+  net(5 name('5'))
+  net(6 name('6'))
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin($0 1)
+  pin($1 2)
+  pin($2 3)
+  pin($3 4)
+  pin($4 5)
+  pin($5 6)
+
+  # Devices and their connections
+  device($1 PMOS
+   param(L 0.25)
+   param(W 3.5)
+   param(AS 1.4)
+   param(AD 1.4)
+   param(PS 6.85)
+   param(PD 6.85)
+   terminal(S 3)
+   terminal(G 2)
+   terminal(D 5)
+   terminal(B 1)
+  )
+  device($3 NMOS
+   param(L 0.25)
+   param(W 3.5)
+   param(AS 1.4)
+   param(AD 1.4)
+   param(PS 6.85)
+   param(PD 6.85)
+   terminal(S 3)
+   terminal(G 2)
+   terminal(D 4)
+   terminal(B 6)
+  )
+
+ )
+ circuit(INV2PAIR
+
+  # Nets
+  net(1 name('1'))
+  net(2 name('2'))
+  net(3 name('3'))
+  net(4 name('4'))
+  net(5 name('6'))
+  net(6 name('7'))
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin($0 1)
+  pin($1 2)
+  pin($2 3)
+  pin($3 4)
+  pin($4)
+  pin($5 5)
+  pin($6 6)
+
+  # Subcircuits and their connections
+  circuit($2 INV2
+   pin($0 6)
+   pin($1 4)
+   pin($2 5)
+   pin($3 3)
+   pin($4 2)
+   pin($5 1)
+  )
+
+ )
+ circuit(RINGO
+
+  # Nets
+  net(1 name('1'))
+  net(2 name('2'))
+  net(3 name('3'))
+  net(4 name('4'))
+  net(5 name('6'))
+  net(6 name('5'))
+  net(7 name('8'))
+  net(8 name('7'))
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin($0 1)
+  pin($1 2)
+  pin($2 3)
+  pin($3 4)
+
+  # Subcircuits and their connections
+  circuit($1 INV2PAIR
+   pin($0 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($3 1)
+   pin($4 5)
+   pin($5 2)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($2 INV2PAIR
+   pin($0 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($3 1)
+   pin($4 1)
+   pin($5 6)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($3 INV2PAIR
+   pin($0 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 6)
+   pin($5 7)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($4 INV2PAIR
+   pin($0 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 7)
+   pin($5 8)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+  circuit($5 INV2PAIR
+   pin($0 4)
+   pin($1 3)
+   pin($2 4)
+   pin($4 8)
+   pin($5 5)
+   pin($6 3)
+  )
+
+ )
+ circuit(INV2PAIRX
+
+  # Nets
+  net(1 name('1'))
+  net(2 name('2'))
+  net(3 name('3'))
+  net(4 name('4'))
+  net(5 name('6'))
+  net(6 name('7'))
+
+  # Outgoing pins and their connections to nets
+  pin($0 1)
+  pin($1 2)
+  pin($2 3)
+  pin($3 4)
+  pin($4)
+  pin($5 5)
+  pin($6 6)
+
+  # Subcircuits and their connections
+  circuit($2 INV2
+   pin($0 6)
+   pin($1 4)
+   pin($2 5)
+   pin($3 3)
+   pin($4 2)
+   pin($5 1)
+  )
+
+ )
+)
+
+# Cross reference
+xref(
+ circuit(() INV2PAIRX mismatch
+  xref(
+  )
+ )
+ circuit(INV2 INV2 match
+  xref(
+   net(1 1 match)
+   net(6 6 match)
+   net(2 2 match)
+   net(3 3 match)
+   net(5 5 match)
+   net(4 4 match)
+   pin($0 $0 match)
+   pin(BULK $5 match)
+   pin(IN $1 match)
+   pin(OUT $2 match)
+   pin(VDD $4 match)
+   pin(VSS $3 match)
+   device($1 $1 match)
+   device($3 $3 match)
+  )
+ )
+ circuit(INV2PAIR INV2PAIR nomatch
+  xref(
+   net(4 () mismatch)
+   net(2 2 mismatch)
+   net(3 3 mismatch)
+   net(5 4 match)
+   net(6 5 match)
+   net(7 6 mismatch)
+   net(1 1 mismatch)
+   pin($3 () mismatch)
+   pin($1 $1 match)
+   pin($2 $2 match)
+   pin($4 $3 match)
+   pin($5 $5 match)
+   pin($6 $6 match)
+   pin(BULK $0 match)
+   circuit(() $2 mismatch)
+   circuit($1 () mismatch)
+   circuit($2 () mismatch)
+  )
+ )
+ circuit(RINGO RINGO skipped
+  xref(
+  )
+ )
+)
diff --git a/testdata/algo/lvs_test_2.spi b/testdata/algo/lvs_test_2.spi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d030f040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/algo/lvs_test_2.spi
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+* Test netlist
+
+* cell RINGO
+* pin FB
+* pin OSC
+* pin VDD
+* pin BULK,VSS
+.SUBCKT RINGO 1 2 3 4
+* net 1 FB
+* net 2 OSC
+* net 3 VDD
+* net 4 BULK,VSS
+* cell instance $1 r0 *1 19.42,-0.8
+X$1 4 3 4 1 6 2 3 INV2PAIR
+* cell instance $2 r0 *1 -1.7,-0.8
+X$2 4 3 4 1 1 5 3 INV2PAIR
+* cell instance $3 r0 *1 3.58,-0.8
+X$3 4 3 4 101 5 8 3 INV2PAIR
+* cell instance $4 r0 *1 8.86,-0.8
+X$4 4 3 4 102 8 7 3 INV2PAIR
+* cell instance $5 r0 *1 14.14,-0.8
+X$5 4 3 4 103 7 6 3 INV2PAIR
+.ENDS RINGO
+
+* cell INV2PAIR
+* pin BULK
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+.SUBCKT INV2PAIR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+* net 1 BULK
+* cell instance $2 r0 *1 4.34,0.8
+X$2 7 4 6 3 2 1 INV2
+.ENDS INV2PAIR
+
+* cell INV2PAIRX
+* pin BULK
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+* pin 
+.SUBCKT INV2PAIRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+* net 1 BULK
+* cell instance $2 r0 *1 4.34,0.8
+X$2 7 4 6 3 2 1 INV2
+.ENDS INV2PAIR
+
+* cell INV2
+* pin 
+* pin IN
+* pin OUT
+* pin VSS
+* pin VDD
+* pin BULK
+.SUBCKT INV2 1 2 3 4 5 6
+* net 2 IN
+* net 3 OUT
+* net 4 VSS
+* net 5 VDD
+* net 6 BULK
+* device instance $1 -0.4,3.2 PMOS
+M$1 3 2 5 1 PMOS L=0.25U W=3.5U AS=1.4P AD=1.4P PS=6.85U PD=6.85U
+* device instance $3 -0.4,-0.4 NMOS
+M$3 3 2 4 6 NMOS L=0.25U W=3.5U AS=1.4P AD=1.4P PS=6.85U PD=6.85U
+.ENDS INV2