- To open the view, use "Tools/2.5d View". Currently, the performance is limited, a rough number for a + Currently, the performance is limited, a rough number for a practical limit is around 100k polygons. The 2.5d view is only available, if KLayout was compiled with OpenGL support.
++ In order to use the tool, you will need a script generating the material stack. + Such a script is a variant of a DRC script (see ). + The DRC language is used to import or generate polygon layers which are then + extruded and placed on a certain z level. +
+ ++ To create a new script, use "Tools/2.5d View/New 2.5d Script". This will create a new script in the + macro editor. +
+ ++ A simple script is this one. It takes two layers - 1/0 and 2/0 - and extrudes then in a + stacked fashion, the first with 200nm thickness and the second one with 300nm: +
+ ++z(input(1, 0), zstart: 0.1.um, height: 200.nm) # extrudes layer 1/0 to a height of 200nm starting at z=100nm +z(input(2, 0), height: 300.nm) # adds layer 2/0 for the next 300nm ++ +
+ To run the script, use the "Run" button from the macro IDE or pick the script + from the script list in the "Tools/2.5d View" menu. If your script is not shown in that + menu, check if it is configured to be bound to a menu item. +
+ ++ After the script was executed, the 2.5d window is displayed. If you closed that window, you can + re-open it with "Tools/2.5d View/Open Window". The window will show the layout section visible + in the layout view. To refresh the scene - also after changing the script - either run the script + again from the macro IDE or use the green "re-run" button in the upper left corner of the 2.5d view + window. +
+
- The 2.5d view needs a technology setup explaining the way the layers are transformed into planes. - The setup is provided within a technology. Open the technology manager (File/Manage Technologies) and - navigate to the "Z Stack (2.5d)" component. The setup is basically a list of entries listing the - layer from which to take the shapes and the depth information. -
- -- Each entry is a single line. Empty lines are ignored. Everything after a '#' character is - considered a comment. -
- -- Each specification line consists of a layer specification, a colon and arguments. - The arguments are named (like "x=...") or in serial. Parameters are separated by comma or blanks. - Named arguments are: + As mentioned, a 2.5d script is a variant of a DRC script. You can basically use all features + of DRC, specifically boolean operations. Some practical restrictions exist:
- 'height', 'zstart' and 'zstop' can be used in any combination. If no value is given for 'zstart', - the upper level of the previous layer will be used. + 2.5d scripts utilizes the DRC language with these two additional functions: +
+ +z(layer [, options])
+Extrudes the given layer. "layer" is a (polygon) DRC layer. "options" declare the z extrusion and display parameters.
+zz( [options] ) { block }
+Declares a material group which combines multiple "z" statements under a single display group. + This allows generating 3d material geometries which are more than a single extruded plane. + The display parameters then are specified within "zz" for all "z" calls inside the block.
++ The layer argument of the function is a DRC layer which is rendered as an extruded sheet. + Further arguments control the height, z location and colors. + When used inside the "zz" block, the color options of the "z" calls are ignored and + taken from "zz" instead.
- If a single unnamed parameter is given, it corresponds to 'height'. Two parameters correspond to - 'zstart' and 'zstop'. + Options for this function are:
+- Here are some examples: + Examples for the extrusion options:
-1: 0.5 1.5 # extrude layer 1/0 from 0.5 to 1.5 vertically\n" -1/0: 0.5 1.5 # same with explicit datatype\n" -1: zstop=1.5, zstart=0.5 # same with named parameters\n" -1: height=1.0, zstop=1.5 # same with z stop minus height\n" -1: 1.0 zstop=1.5 # same with height as unnamed parameter\n" -- -
- You can declare variables inside the setup files and use them in formulas for - computed values. Variables are defined and set with the "var" keyword on a single line. - The notation follows the "expression" syntax used in many other places inside KLayout - (). -
- -- Here is an example: -
- -var hmetal = 0.48\n" -7/0: 0.5 0.5+hmetal*2 # 2x thick metal\n" ++z(layer, 0.1 .. 0.2) extrude layer to z = 0.1 to 0.2 um +z(layer, zstart: 0.1, zstop: 0.2) same as above +z(layer, zstart: 0.1, height: 0.1) same as above, but with height instead of zstop +z(layer, height: 200.nm) extrude layer from last z position with a height of 200nm-Conditionals
-- For more flexibility, but of little practical use for now, conditionals are provided. - "if", "else", "elsif" and "end" for as in other languages, e.g. Ruby: + Examples for display options:
-var thick_m1 = true -if thickm1 - 1: 0.5 1.5 -else - 1: 0.5 1.2 ++z(..., color: 0xff0000) use bright red for the material color (RGB) +z(..., frame: 0xff0000) use bright red for the frame color (combine with "fill" for the fill color) +z(..., fill: 0x00ff00) use bright green for the fill color along (combine with "frame" for the frame color) +z(..., like: "7/0") borrow style from layout view's style for layer "7/0" +z(..., name: "M1") assigns a name to show for the material ++ +"zz" Function (material groups)
++ + + The "zz" function forms a display group which clusters multiple "z" calls. The basic usage is with a block + containing the "z" calls. As DRC scripts are Ruby, the notation for the block is either "do .. end" or + curly brackets immediately after the "zz" call: +
+ ++zz( display options ... ) do + z(layer1, extrusion options ... ) + z(layer2, extrusion options ... ) + ... end++ The "z" calls do not need to have colors or other display options as they are + taken from "zz". +
+ ++ Material groups allow forming more complex, stacked geometries. Here is an example + forming a simple FinFET geometry using boolean and a sizing operation: +
+ ++poly = input(2, 0) +active = input(1, 0) + +z(poly, zstart: 0, height: 20.nm, name: "POLY") + +zz(name: "ACTIVE", like: "1/0") do + + poly_sized = poly.sized(10.nm) + active_over_poly_sized = poly_sized & active + + z(active - poly, zstart: 0, height: 10.nm) # bottom sheet + z(active_over_poly_sized - poly, height: 10.nm) # center sheet + z(active_over_poly_sized, height: 10.nm) # top sheet + +end ++ ++ Which renders this result: +
+ ++
++
Navigating the 2.5d View
-navigation -2.5d navigation ++ The navigation is based on the movement of the camera while the scene is @@ -159,7 +249,7 @@ end made invisible in the 2.5d view.
-Other controls
+Other Controls
The left zoom slider changes the overall scale factor. The right slider only changes the z (height) axis zoom factor. @@ -176,5 +266,13 @@ end front view, top view etc.
+Material Visibility
+ ++ Using the check boxes from the material view right of the scene view you can disable + materials, so they are no longer rendered. From the material list's context menu, + you can hide or show all materials or just the selected ones. +
+ diff --git a/src/lay/lay/layHelpResources.qrc b/src/lay/lay/layHelpResources.qrc index 06524e1f5..a853c8b3d 100644 --- a/src/lay/lay/layHelpResources.qrc +++ b/src/lay/lay/layHelpResources.qrc @@ -49,6 +49,7 @@doc/about/packages.xml doc/about/25d_view.xml doc/about/25d_screenshot.png +doc/about/25d_screenshot2.png doc/manual/adjust_origin.xml