diff --git a/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.cc b/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.cc
index cd43514b8..de4b3ab24 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.cc
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ EdgePairs::EdgePairs (DeepShapeStore &dss)
   mp_delegate = new DeepEdgePairs (DeepLayer (&dss, layout_index, dss.layout (layout_index).insert_layer ()));
 }
 
+void
+EdgePairs::convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer)
+{
+  tl_assert (mp_delegate->deep () == 0);
+  set_delegate (copy_data_id (new db::DeepEdgePairs (layer)));
+}
+
 void
 EdgePairs::write (const std::string &fn) const
 {
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.h b/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.h
index 7b2b4ed7f..f75d7d773 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.h
+++ b/src/db/db/dbEdgePairs.h
@@ -204,6 +204,11 @@ public:
    */
   explicit EdgePairs (DeepShapeStore &dss);
 
+  /**
+   *  @brief Converts the shape collection to a deep one using the specified layer
+   */
+  virtual void convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer);
+
   /**
    *  @brief Writes the edge pair collection to a file
    *
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbEdges.cc b/src/db/db/dbEdges.cc
index 1cad75949..f64d23747 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbEdges.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbEdges.cc
@@ -114,6 +114,13 @@ Edges::Edges (DeepShapeStore &dss)
   mp_delegate = new DeepEdges (DeepLayer (&dss, layout_index, dss.layout (layout_index).insert_layer ()));
 }
 
+void
+Edges::convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer)
+{
+  tl_assert (mp_delegate->deep () == 0);
+  set_delegate (copy_data_id (new db::DeepEdges (layer)));
+}
+
 const db::RecursiveShapeIterator &
 Edges::iter () const
 {
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbEdges.h b/src/db/db/dbEdges.h
index ff8007d19..a12d09c58 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbEdges.h
+++ b/src/db/db/dbEdges.h
@@ -264,6 +264,11 @@ public:
    */
   explicit Edges (DeepShapeStore &dss);
 
+  /**
+   *  @brief Converts the shape collection to a deep one using the specified layer
+   */
+  virtual void convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer);
+
   /**
    *  @brief Implementation of the ShapeCollection interface
    */
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbNetlistDeviceExtractor.cc b/src/db/db/dbNetlistDeviceExtractor.cc
index 1eb73b68f..9424007b8 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbNetlistDeviceExtractor.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbNetlistDeviceExtractor.cc
@@ -130,8 +130,10 @@ void NetlistDeviceExtractor::extract (db::DeepShapeStore &dss, unsigned int layo
 
       std::pair<bool, db::DeepLayer> alias = dss.layer_for_flat (tl::id_of (l->second->get_delegate ()));
       if (alias.first) {
-        //  use deep layer alias for a given flat one (if found)
-        layers.push_back (alias.second.layer ());
+        //  use deep layer alias for a given flat one (if found) and convert layer to a deep one
+        db::DeepLayer dl = alias.second;
+        l->second->convert_to_deep (dl);
+        layers.push_back (dl.layer ());
       } else {
         throw tl::Exception (tl::sprintf (tl::to_string (tr ("Invalid region passed to input layer '%s' for device extraction (device %s): must be of deep region kind")), ld->name, name ()));
       }
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbRegion.cc b/src/db/db/dbRegion.cc
index f290b87d3..8e40874fd 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbRegion.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbRegion.cc
@@ -132,6 +132,13 @@ Region::Region (DeepShapeStore &dss)
   mp_delegate = new db::DeepRegion (db::DeepLayer (&dss, layout_index, dss.layout (layout_index).insert_layer ()));
 }
 
+void
+Region::convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer)
+{
+  tl_assert (mp_delegate->deep () == 0);
+  set_delegate (copy_data_id (new db::DeepRegion (layer)));
+}
+
 void
 Region::write (const std::string &fn) const
 {
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbRegion.h b/src/db/db/dbRegion.h
index 655462a01..3a230fdf1 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbRegion.h
+++ b/src/db/db/dbRegion.h
@@ -256,6 +256,11 @@ public:
    */
   void write (const std::string &fn) const;
 
+  /**
+   *  @brief Converts the shape collection to a deep one using the specified layer
+   */
+  virtual void convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer);
+
   /**
    *  @brief Implementation of the ShapeCollection interface
    */
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbShapeCollection.h b/src/db/db/dbShapeCollection.h
index a03c008b2..0f48ffef9 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbShapeCollection.h
+++ b/src/db/db/dbShapeCollection.h
@@ -75,7 +75,12 @@ class DB_PUBLIC ShapeCollectionDelegateBase
   : public tl::UniqueId
 {
 public:
-  ShapeCollectionDelegateBase () { }
+  ShapeCollectionDelegateBase ()
+    : m_data_id (tl::id_of (this))
+  {
+    //  .. nothing yet ..
+  }
+
   virtual ~ShapeCollectionDelegateBase () { }
 
   virtual DeepShapeCollectionDelegateBase *deep () { return 0; }
@@ -88,6 +93,22 @@ public:
       apply_property_translator (db::PropertiesTranslator::make_remove_all ());
     }
   }
+
+  tl::id_type data_id () const
+  {
+    return m_data_id;
+  }
+
+private:
+  friend class ShapeCollection;
+
+  tl::id_type m_data_id;
+
+  //  used for conversion to deep
+  void set_data_id (tl::id_type data_id)
+  {
+    m_data_id = data_id;
+  }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -102,6 +123,11 @@ public:
 
   virtual ShapeCollectionDelegateBase *get_delegate () const = 0;
 
+  /**
+   *  @brief Converts the shape collection to a deep one using the specified layer
+   */
+  virtual void convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer) = 0;
+
   /**
    *  @brief Applies a PropertyTranslator
    *
@@ -111,6 +137,14 @@ public:
    *  delivered by "properties_repository".
    */
   void apply_property_translator (const db::PropertiesTranslator &pt);
+
+protected:
+  template <class Delegate>
+  Delegate *copy_data_id (Delegate *dlg)
+  {
+    dlg->set_data_id (get_delegate ()->data_id ());
+    return dlg;
+  }
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbTexts.cc b/src/db/db/dbTexts.cc
index 902a5cf2e..1e15801ed 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbTexts.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/dbTexts.cc
@@ -99,6 +99,13 @@ Texts::Texts (DeepShapeStore &dss)
   mp_delegate = new DeepTexts (DeepLayer (&dss, layout_index, dss.layout (layout_index).insert_layer ()));
 }
 
+void
+Texts::convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer)
+{
+  tl_assert (mp_delegate->deep () == 0);
+  set_delegate (copy_data_id (new db::DeepTexts (layer)));
+}
+
 void
 Texts::write (const std::string &fn) const
 {
diff --git a/src/db/db/dbTexts.h b/src/db/db/dbTexts.h
index 74441be07..276f9b415 100644
--- a/src/db/db/dbTexts.h
+++ b/src/db/db/dbTexts.h
@@ -208,6 +208,11 @@ public:
    */
   void write (const std::string &fn) const;
 
+  /**
+   *  @brief Converts the shape collection to a deep one using the specified layer
+   */
+  virtual void convert_to_deep (const db::DeepLayer &layer);
+
   /**
    *  @brief Implementation of the ShapeCollection interface
    */
diff --git a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdgePairs.cc b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdgePairs.cc
index 0ea5564f0..5a865399a 100644
--- a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdgePairs.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdgePairs.cc
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ static bool is_deep (const db::EdgePairs *ep)
   return dynamic_cast<const db::DeepEdgePairs *> (ep->delegate ()) != 0;
 }
 
-static size_t id (const db::EdgePairs *ep)
+static size_t data_id (const db::EdgePairs *ep)
 {
-  return tl::id_of (ep->delegate ());
+  return ep->delegate ()->data_id ();
 }
 
 static db::EdgePairs filtered (const db::EdgePairs *r, const gsi::EdgePairFilterBase *f)
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ Class<db::EdgePairs> decl_EdgePairs (decl_dbShapeCollection, "db", "EdgePairs",
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
   ) +
-  method_ext ("data_id", &id,
+  method_ext ("data_id", &data_id,
     "@brief Returns the data ID (a unique identifier for the underlying data storage)\n"
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
diff --git a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdges.cc b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdges.cc
index a434a7d60..667878d62 100644
--- a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdges.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbEdges.cc
@@ -892,9 +892,9 @@ static db::Edges *new_texts_as_dots2 (const db::RecursiveShapeIterator &si, db::
   return new db::Edges (db::Region (si).texts_as_dots (pat, pattern, dss));
 }
 
-static size_t id (const db::Edges *e)
+static size_t data_id (const db::Edges *e)
 {
-  return tl::id_of (e->delegate ());
+  return e->delegate ()->data_id ();
 }
 
 static std::vector<db::Edges> andnot_with_edges (const db::Edges *r, const db::Edges &other)
@@ -2572,7 +2572,7 @@ Class<db::Edges> decl_Edges (decl_dbShapeCollection, "db", "Edges",
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
   ) +
-  method_ext ("data_id", &id,
+  method_ext ("data_id", &data_id,
     "@brief Returns the data ID (a unique identifier for the underlying data storage)\n"
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
diff --git a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbRegion.cc b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbRegion.cc
index 528342e4a..de29f6ba7 100644
--- a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbRegion.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbRegion.cc
@@ -1288,9 +1288,9 @@ static bool is_deep (const db::Region *region)
   return dynamic_cast<const db::DeepRegion *> (region->delegate ()) != 0;
 }
 
-static size_t id (const db::Region *r)
+static size_t data_id (const db::Region *r)
 {
-  return tl::id_of (r->delegate ());
+  return r->delegate ()->data_id ();
 }
 
 
@@ -4214,7 +4214,7 @@ Class<db::Region> decl_Region (decl_dbShapeCollection, "db", "Region",
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
   ) +
-  method_ext ("data_id", &id,
+  method_ext ("data_id", &data_id,
     "@brief Returns the data ID (a unique identifier for the underlying data storage)\n"
     "\n"
     "This method has been added in version 0.26."
diff --git a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbTexts.cc b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbTexts.cc
index 22209b412..21f04d888 100644
--- a/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbTexts.cc
+++ b/src/db/db/gsiDeclDbTexts.cc
@@ -477,9 +477,9 @@ static bool is_deep (const db::Texts *t)
   return dynamic_cast<const db::DeepTexts *> (t->delegate ()) != 0;
 }
 
-static size_t id (const db::Texts *t)
+static size_t data_id (const db::Texts *t)
 {
-  return tl::id_of (t->delegate ());
+  return t->delegate ()->data_id ();
 }
 
 static db::Texts filtered (const db::Texts *r, const gsi::TextFilterBase *f)
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ Class<db::Texts> decl_Texts (decl_dbShapeCollection, "db", "Texts",
   method_ext ("is_deep?", &is_deep,
     "@brief Returns true if the edge pair collection is a deep (hierarchical) one\n"
   ) +
-  method_ext ("data_id", &id,
+  method_ext ("data_id", &data_id,
     "@brief Returns the data ID (a unique identifier for the underlying data storage)\n"
   ) +
   method ("+|join", &db::Texts::operator+, gsi::arg ("other"),
diff --git a/src/drc/drc/built-in-macros/_drc_netter.rb b/src/drc/drc/built-in-macros/_drc_netter.rb
index e5ec8f0a2..75506aae2 100644
--- a/src/drc/drc/built-in-macros/_drc_netter.rb
+++ b/src/drc/drc/built-in-macros/_drc_netter.rb
@@ -323,7 +323,9 @@ module DRC
     # 
     # If layers are not named, they will be given a name made from the 
     # \name_prefix and an incremental number when the layer is used for the
-    # first time. 
+    # first time. As the default name prefix is "l", you may can name conflicts
+    # with auto-named layers, if you register explicit layer names like "l5". 
+    # Consider changing the name prefix in that case to some prefix you are not using.
     #
     # \name can only be used once on a layer and the layer names must be 
     # unique (not taken by another layer).
diff --git a/src/lvs/unit_tests/lvsSimpleTests.cc b/src/lvs/unit_tests/lvsSimpleTests.cc
index 53222d344..e248cee48 100644
--- a/src/lvs/unit_tests/lvsSimpleTests.cc
+++ b/src/lvs/unit_tests/lvsSimpleTests.cc
@@ -362,3 +362,9 @@ TEST(63_FlagMissingPorts)
   run_test (_this, "flag_missing_ports", "flag_missing_ports.gds", false, true, "TOP");
 }
 
+//  Split substrate - marker and global connection (issue #2345)
+TEST(64_SplitSubstrate)
+{
+  run_test (_this, "split_substrate", "split_substrate.gds", true, false /*no LVS*/);
+}
+
diff --git a/testdata/drc/drcSimpleTests_au121.gds b/testdata/drc/drcSimpleTests_au121.gds
index 5476d6713..e873870f5 100644
Binary files a/testdata/drc/drcSimpleTests_au121.gds and b/testdata/drc/drcSimpleTests_au121.gds differ
diff --git a/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.cir b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.cir
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6971c69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.cir
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+* Extracted by KLayout
+
+.SUBCKT TOP A Q IOSUB SUBSTRATE
+X$1 \$7 \$1 Q IOSUB IOSUB INV
+X$2 \$7 A \$1 SUBSTRATE SUBSTRATE INV
+.ENDS TOP
+
+.SUBCKT INV \$2 \$4 \$5 \$1 \$I11
+M$1 \$2 \$4 \$5 \$2 PMOS L=0.25U W=0.95U AS=0.73625P AD=0.73625P PS=3.45U
++ PD=3.45U
+M$2 \$1 \$4 \$5 \$I11 NMOS L=0.25U W=0.95U AS=0.73625P AD=0.73625P PS=3.45U
++ PD=3.45U
+.ENDS INV
diff --git a/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.gds b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.gds
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e33ad4d0b
Binary files /dev/null and b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.gds differ
diff --git a/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.l2n b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.l2n
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95cb99951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.l2n
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#%l2n-klayout
+W(TOP)
+U(0.001)
+L(l3 '1/0')
+L(l4 '3/0')
+L(l15 '3/1')
+L(l8 '4/0')
+L(l11 '5/0')
+L(l12 '6/0')
+L(l16 '6/1')
+L(l13 '7/0')
+L(l14 '8/0')
+L(l17)
+L(l22 '10/0')
+L(l7)
+L(l10)
+L(l2)
+L(l9)
+L(l6)
+L(l21)
+L(l18)
+L(l20)
+L(l19)
+C(l3 l3 l10)
+C(l4 l4 l15 l11)
+C(l15 l4 l15)
+C(l8 l8 l12 l10 l2 l9 l6)
+CS(l8 l10 l2 l9 l6)
+C(l11 l4 l11 l12)
+CS(l11 l4)
+C(l12 l8 l11 l12 l16 l13)
+C(l16 l12 l16)
+C(l13 l12 l13 l14)
+C(l14 l13 l14 l17)
+C(l17 l14 l17)
+C(l22 l22 l21 l20)
+C(l7 l7 l18 l20)
+C(l10 l3 l8 l10)
+CS(l10 l3)
+C(l2 l8 l2)
+C(l9 l8 l9 l21 l19)
+C(l6 l8 l6)
+C(l21 l22 l9 l21)
+CS(l21 l22)
+C(l18 l7 l18)
+C(l20 l22 l7 l20)
+C(l19 l9 l19)
+G(l22 IOSUB)
+G(l18 SUBSTRATE)
+G(l19 SUBSTRATE)
+GS(l19 SUBSTRATE)
+H(W B('Net with incomplete wiring (soft-connected partial nets)') C(TOP) X('soft-connection-check'))
+H(B('\tPartial net #1: TOP/INV[r0 3,1.6]:$1 - $2') C(TOP) Q('(1.5,3.95;1.5,4.85;5.3,4.85;5.3,3.95)'))
+H(B('\tPartial net #2: TOP/INV[r0 7.7,1.6]:$2 - $2') C(TOP) Q('(6.2,3.95;6.2,4.85;10,4.85;10,3.95)'))
+K(PMOS MOS4)
+K(NMOS MOS4)
+D(D$PMOS PMOS
+ T(S
+  R(l2 (-900 -475) (775 950))
+ )
+ T(G
+  R(l4 (-125 -475) (250 950))
+ )
+ T(D
+  R(l2 (125 -475) (775 950))
+ )
+ T(B
+  R(l3 (-125 -475) (250 950))
+ )
+)
+D(D$NMOS NMOS
+ T(S
+  R(l6 (-900 -475) (775 950))
+ )
+ T(G
+  R(l4 (-125 -475) (250 950))
+ )
+ T(D
+  R(l6 (125 -475) (775 950))
+ )
+ T(B
+  R(l7 (-125 -475) (250 950))
+ )
+)
+X(INV
+ R((-1500 -800) (3800 4600))
+ N(1 I($1)
+  R(l8 (1700 100) (200 200))
+  R(l8 (-200 -600) (200 200))
+  R(l8 (-1610 -210) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (-220 180) (220 220))
+  R(l12 (890 -760) (800 900))
+  R(l12 (-1980 -830) (360 760))
+  R(l13 (-305 -705) (250 250))
+  R(l13 (-250 150) (250 250))
+  R(l13 (1175 -225) (200 200))
+  R(l13 (-200 -600) (200 200))
+  R(l14 (-3400 -350) (3000 900))
+  R(l14 (-200 -900) (1000 900))
+  R(l9 (-700 -950) (400 1000))
+  R(l6 (-1875 -975) (775 950))
+ )
+ N(2 I($2)
+  R(l3 (-1500 1800) (3000 2000))
+  R(l3 (-200 -2000) (1000 2000))
+  R(l8 (-2010 -1310) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (-220 180) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (1190 -210) (200 200))
+  R(l8 (-200 -600) (200 200))
+  R(l12 (-1680 -280) (360 760))
+  R(l12 (820 -830) (800 900))
+  R(l13 (-1925 -775) (250 250))
+  R(l13 (-250 150) (250 250))
+  R(l13 (1175 -225) (200 200))
+  R(l13 (-200 -600) (200 200))
+  R(l14 (-3400 -350) (3000 900))
+  R(l14 (-200 -900) (1000 900))
+  R(l10 (-700 -950) (400 1000))
+  R(l2 (-1875 -975) (775 950))
+ )
+ N(3 I($4)
+  R(l4 (-125 -250) (250 2500))
+  R(l4 (-250 -3050) (250 1600))
+  R(l4 (-250 1200) (250 1600))
+ )
+ N(4 I($5)
+  R(l8 (-510 -310) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (-220 180) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (-220 2180) (220 220))
+  R(l8 (-220 180) (220 220))
+  R(l12 (-290 -3530) (360 2840))
+  R(l12 (-360 -2800) (360 760))
+  R(l12 (-360 2040) (360 760))
+  R(l2 (-680 -855) (775 950))
+  R(l6 (-775 -3750) (775 950))
+ )
+ N(5 I($I11))
+ P(2)
+ P(3)
+ P(4)
+ P(1)
+ P(5)
+ D(1 D$PMOS
+  Y(0 2800)
+  E(L 0.25)
+  E(W 0.95)
+  E(AS 0.73625)
+  E(AD 0.73625)
+  E(PS 3.45)
+  E(PD 3.45)
+  T(S 4)
+  T(G 3)
+  T(D 2)
+  T(B 2)
+ )
+ D(2 D$NMOS
+  Y(0 0)
+  E(L 0.25)
+  E(W 0.95)
+  E(AS 0.73625)
+  E(AD 0.73625)
+  E(PS 3.45)
+  E(PD 3.45)
+  T(S 4)
+  T(G 3)
+  T(D 1)
+  T(B 5)
+ )
+)
+X(TOP
+ R((1334 621) (9246 5073))
+ N(1 I($1)
+  R(l4 (2920 2600) (3980 400))
+  R(l11 (-300 -300) (200 200))
+  R(l12 (-300 -300) (690 400))
+ )
+ N(2 I(A)
+  R(l4 (7700 2600) (2880 400))
+  R(l15 (-2380 -200) (0 0))
+ )
+ N(3 I(Q)
+  R(l12 (1810 2600) (690 400))
+  R(l16 (-400 -200) (0 0))
+ )
+ N(4 I(IOSUB)
+  R(l22 (1334 621) (4230 5073))
+  R(l21 (-964 -4594) (400 1000))
+  R(l20 (-2125 -975) (250 950))
+ )
+ N(5 I($7)
+  R(l3 (4000 3400) (2700 2000))
+ )
+ N(6 I(SUBSTRATE)
+  R(l18 (7575 1125) (250 950))
+  R(l19 (1475 -975) (400 1000))
+ )
+ P(2 I(A))
+ P(3 I(Q))
+ P(4 I(IOSUB))
+ P(6 I(SUBSTRATE))
+ X(1 INV Y(3000 1600)
+  P(0 5)
+  P(1 1)
+  P(2 3)
+  P(3 4)
+  P(4 4)
+ )
+ X(2 INV Y(7700 1600)
+  P(0 5)
+  P(1 2)
+  P(2 1)
+  P(3 6)
+  P(4 6)
+ )
+)
diff --git a/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.lvs b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.lvs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43204067d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/lvs/split_substrate.lvs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+
+$lvs_test_source && source($lvs_test_source)
+
+if $lvs_test_target_l2n
+  report_netlist($lvs_test_target_l2n)
+else
+  report_netlist
+end
+
+writer = write_spice(true, false)
+$lvs_test_target_cir && target_netlist($lvs_test_target_cir, writer, "Extracted by KLayout")
+
+deep
+
+# Drawing layers
+
+nwell       = input(1, 0)
+active      = input(2, 0)
+nplus       = input(2, 1)
+pplus       = input(2, 2)
+poly        = input(3, 0)
+poly_lbl    = input(3, 1)
+diff_cont   = input(4, 0)
+poly_cont   = input(5, 0)
+metal1      = input(6, 0)
+metal1_lbl  = input(6, 1)
+via1        = input(7, 0)
+metal2      = input(8, 0)
+metal2_lbl  = input(8, 1)
+iosub       = input(10, 0)
+
+# Bulk layer for terminal provisioning
+
+bulk        = polygon_layer
+
+psd = nil
+nsd = nil
+
+# Computed layers
+
+active_in_nwell       = active & nwell
+pactive               = active_in_nwell & pplus
+ntie                  = active_in_nwell & nplus
+pgate                 = pactive & poly
+psd                   = pactive - pgate
+
+active_outside_nwell  = active - nwell
+nactive               = active_outside_nwell & nplus
+ptie                  = active_outside_nwell & pplus
+ngate                 = nactive & poly
+nsd                   = nactive - ngate
+
+# Device extraction
+
+# PMOS transistor device extraction
+extract_devices(mos4("PMOS"), { "SD" => psd, "G" => pgate, "W" => nwell,
+                                "tS" => psd, "tD" => psd, "tG" => poly })
+
+# NMOS transistor device extraction
+extract_devices(mos4("NMOS"), { "SD" => nsd, "G" => ngate, "W" => bulk,
+                                "tS" => nsd, "tD" => nsd, "tG" => poly })
+
+# Define connectivity for netlist extraction
+
+# Inter-layer
+
+soft_connect(diff_cont, psd)
+soft_connect(diff_cont, nsd)
+soft_connect(diff_cont, ptie)
+soft_connect(diff_cont, ntie)
+soft_connect(ntie, nwell)
+soft_connect(poly_cont, poly)
+
+connect(diff_cont, metal1)
+connect(poly_cont, metal1)
+connect(metal1, via1)
+connect(via1, metal2)
+
+# attach labels
+connect(poly, poly_lbl)
+connect(metal1, metal1_lbl)
+connect(metal2, metal2_lbl)
+
+# Split bulk and ptie into inside and outside iosub
+(bulk_io, bulk_reg) = bulk.andnot(iosub)
+(ptie_io, ptie_reg) = ptie.andnot(iosub)
+
+# connect outside to "SUBSTRATE" globally
+connect(bulk, bulk_reg)
+connect(ptie, ptie_reg)
+connect_global(bulk_reg, "SUBSTRATE")
+soft_connect_global(ptie_reg, "SUBSTRATE")
+
+# connect inside to "IOSUB" via polygons
+connect(bulk, bulk_io)
+connect(ptie, ptie_io)
+connect(bulk_io, iosub)
+soft_connect(ptie_io, iosub)
+connect_global(iosub, "IOSUB")
+
+# Netlist section (NOTE: we only check log here)
+# for debugging: _make_soft_connection_diodes(true)
+netlist
+
+netlist.simplify
+
+