diff --git a/compiler/router/bbox.py b/compiler/router/bbox.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56f53be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/router/bbox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# See LICENSE for licensing information.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2016-2023 Regents of the University of California, Santa Cruz
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+from openram.base.vector import vector
+from .graph_utils import snap
+
+
+class bbox:
+    """
+    This class represents a bounding box object that is used in `bbox_node`
+    class. We are using bbox objects to group shapes in the router graphs.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, shape=None):
+
+        self.shape = shape
+        self.rect = None
+        if self.shape:
+            self.rect = self.shape.rect
+
+
+    def area(self):
+        """ Return the area of this bbox. """
+
+        ll, ur = self.rect
+        width = ur.x - ll.x
+        height = ur.y - ll.y
+        return snap(width * height)
+
+
+    def merge(self, other):
+        """ Return the bbox created by merging two bbox objects. """
+
+        ll, ur = self.rect
+        oll, our = other.rect
+        min_x = min(ll.x, oll.x)
+        max_x = max(ur.x, our.x)
+        min_y = min(ll.y, oll.y)
+        max_y = max(ur.y, our.y)
+        rect = [vector(min_x, min_y), vector(max_x, max_y)]
+        merged = bbox()
+        merged.rect = rect
+        return merged
+
+
+    def overlap(self, other):
+        """ Return the bbox created by overlapping two bbox objects. """
+
+        ll, ur = self.rect
+        oll, our = other.rect
+        min_x = max(ll.x, oll.x)
+        max_x = min(ur.x, our.x)
+        min_y = max(ll.y, oll.y)
+        max_y = min(ur.y, our.y)
+        if max_x >= min_x and max_y >= min_y:
+            rect = [vector(min_x, min_y), vector(max_x, max_y)]
+        else:
+            return None
+        overlapped = bbox()
+        overlapped.rect = rect
+        return overlapped
diff --git a/compiler/router/bbox_node.py b/compiler/router/bbox_node.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5c1aadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/router/bbox_node.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# See LICENSE for licensing information.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2016-2023 Regents of the University of California, Santa Cruz
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+from .bbox import bbox
+
+
+class bbox_node:
+    """
+    This class represents a node in the bbox tree structure. Bbox trees are
+    binary trees we use to partition the shapes in the routing region so that
+    we can detect overlaps faster in a binary search-like manner.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, bbox, left=None, right=None):
+
+        self.bbox = bbox
+        self.is_leaf = not left and not right
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+
+
+    def iterate_point(self, point, check_done=False):
+        """ Iterate over shapes in the tree that overlap the given point. """
+
+        px, py = point.x, point.y
+        # Return this shape if it's a leaf
+        if self.is_leaf:
+            ll, ur = self.bbox.rect
+            if check_done or (ll.x <= px and px <= ur.x and ll.y <= py and py <= ur.y):
+                yield self.bbox.shape
+        else:
+            # Check the left child
+            if self.left:
+                ll, ur = self.left.bbox.rect
+                if ll.x <= px and px <= ur.x and ll.y <= py and py <= ur.y:
+                    yield from self.left.iterate_point(point, True)
+            # Check the right child
+            if self.right:
+                ll, ur = self.right.bbox.rect
+                if ll.x <= px and px <= ur.x and ll.y <= py and py <= ur.y:
+                    yield from self.right.iterate_point(point, True)
+
+
+    def iterate_shape(self, shape, check_done=False):
+        """ Iterate over shapes in the tree that overlap the given shape. """
+
+        sll, sur = shape.rect
+        # Return this shape if it's a leaf
+        if self.is_leaf:
+            ll, ur = self.bbox.rect
+            if check_done or (ll.x <= sur.x and sll.x <= ur.x and ll.y <= sur.y and sll.y <= ur.y):
+                yield self.bbox.shape
+        else:
+            # Check the left child
+            if self.left:
+                ll, ur = self.left.bbox.rect
+                if ll.x <= sur.x and sll.x <= ur.x and ll.y <= sur.y and sll.y <= ur.y:
+                    yield from self.left.iterate_shape(shape, True)
+            # Check the right child
+            if self.right:
+                ll, ur = self.right.bbox.rect
+                if ll.x <= sur.x and sll.x <= ur.x and ll.y <= sur.y and sll.y <= ur.y:
+                    yield from self.right.iterate_shape(shape, True)
+
+
+    def get_costs(self, bbox):
+        """ Return the costs of bbox nodes after merging the given bbox. """
+
+        # Find the new areas for all possible cases
+        self_merge = bbox.merge(self.bbox)
+        left_merge = bbox.merge(self.left.bbox)
+        right_merge = bbox.merge(self.right.bbox)
+
+        # Add the change in areas as cost
+        self_cost = self_merge.area()
+        left_cost = self_merge.area() - self.bbox.area()
+        left_cost += left_merge.area() - self.left.bbox.area()
+        right_cost = self_merge.area() - self.bbox.area()
+        right_cost += right_merge.area() - self.right.bbox.area()
+
+        # Add the overlaps in areas as cost
+        self_overlap = self.bbox.overlap(bbox)
+        left_overlap = left_merge.overlap(self.right.bbox)
+        right_overlap = right_merge.overlap(self.left.bbox)
+        if self_overlap:
+            self_cost += self_overlap.area()
+        if left_overlap:
+            left_cost += left_overlap.area()
+        if right_overlap:
+            right_cost += right_overlap.area()
+
+        return self_cost, left_cost, right_cost
+
+
+    def insert(self, bbox):
+        """ Insert a bbox to the bbox tree. """
+
+        if self.is_leaf:
+            # Put the current bbox to the left child
+            self.left = bbox_node(self.bbox)
+            # Put the new bbox to the right child
+            self.right = bbox_node(bbox)
+        else:
+            # Calculate the costs of adding the new bbox
+            self_cost, left_cost, right_cost = self.get_costs(bbox)
+            if self_cost < left_cost and self_cost < right_cost: # Add here
+                self.left = bbox_node(self.bbox, left=self.left, right=self.right)
+                self.right = bbox_node(bbox)
+            elif left_cost < right_cost: # Add to the left
+                self.left.insert(bbox)
+            else: # Add to the right
+                self.right.insert(bbox)
+        # Update the current bbox
+        self.bbox = self.left.bbox.merge(self.right.bbox)
+        self.is_leaf = False
diff --git a/compiler/router/graph.py b/compiler/router/graph.py
index 85158ef7..d8017999 100644
--- a/compiler/router/graph.py
+++ b/compiler/router/graph.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from openram import debug
 from openram.base.vector import vector
 from openram.base.vector3d import vector3d
 from openram.tech import drc
+from .bbox import bbox
+from .bbox_node import bbox_node
 from .graph_node import graph_node
 from .graph_probe import graph_probe
 from .graph_utils import snap
@@ -80,11 +82,8 @@ class graph:
         probe_shape = graph_probe(p1, p2, self.router.get_lpp(p1.z))
         pll, pur = probe_shape.rect
         # Check if any blockage blocks this probe
-        for blockage in self.graph_blockages:
+        for blockage in self.blockage_bbox_tree.iterate_shape(probe_shape):
             bll, bur = blockage.rect
-            # Not overlapping
-            if bll.x > pur.x or pll.x > bur.x or bll.y > pur.y or pll.y > bur.y:
-                continue
             # Not on the same layer
             if not blockage.same_lpp(blockage.lpp, probe_shape.lpp):
                 continue
@@ -116,11 +115,8 @@ class graph:
         half_wide = self.router.half_wire
         spacing = snap(self.router.track_space + half_wide + drc["grid"])
         blocked = False
-        for blockage in self.graph_blockages:
+        for blockage in self.blockage_bbox_tree.iterate_point(p):
             ll, ur = blockage.rect
-            # Not overlapping
-            if ll.x > x or x > ur.x or ll.y > y or y > ur.y:
-                continue
             # Not on the same layer
             if self.router.get_zindex(blockage.lpp) != z:
                 continue
@@ -168,11 +164,16 @@ class graph:
         for node in nodes:
             if self.is_node_blocked(node, pin_safe=False):
                 return True
+
+        # Skip if no via is present
+        if len(self.graph_vias) == 0:
+            return False
+
         # If the nodes are blocked by a via
         x = node.center.x
         y = node.center.y
         z = node.center.z
-        for via in self.graph_vias:
+        for via in self.via_bbox_tree.iterate_point(node.center):
             ll, ur = via.rect
             # Not overlapping
             if ll.x > x or x > ur.x or ll.y > y or y > ur.y:
@@ -212,6 +213,8 @@ class graph:
         region.bbox(self.graph_blockages)
         # Find and include edge shapes to prevent DRC errors
         self.find_graph_blockages(region)
+        # Build the bbox tree
+        self.build_bbox_trees()
         # Generate the graph nodes from cartesian values
         self.generate_graph_nodes(x_values, y_values)
         # Save the graph nodes that lie in source and target shapes
@@ -257,6 +260,21 @@ class graph:
                 self.graph_vias.append(via)
 
 
+    def build_bbox_trees(self):
+        """ Build bbox trees for blockages and vias in the routing region. """
+
+        # Bbox tree for blockages
+        self.blockage_bbox_tree = bbox_node(bbox(self.graph_blockages[0]))
+        for i in range(1, len(self.graph_blockages)):
+            self.blockage_bbox_tree.insert(bbox(self.graph_blockages[i]))
+        # Bbox tree for vias
+        if len(self.graph_vias) == 0:
+            return
+        self.via_bbox_tree = bbox_node(bbox(self.graph_vias[0]))
+        for i in range(1, len(self.graph_vias)):
+            self.via_bbox_tree.insert(bbox(self.graph_vias[i]))
+
+
     def generate_cartesian_values(self):
         """
         Generate x and y values from all the corners of the shapes in the