diff --git a/modules/module_1_bandgap_reference/Introduction.md b/modules/module_1_bandgap_reference/Introduction.md index e69de29b..4f671cdb 100644 --- a/modules/module_1_bandgap_reference/Introduction.md +++ b/modules/module_1_bandgap_reference/Introduction.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Bandgap design + +In integrated circuit (IC) design many circuits require a fixed stable, temperature independent voltage fixation in order to have a constant voltage reference. +The use case for these stable references, could be used to provide a stable reference to data converters or bias operating points. These circuits is also called Bandgap References or in short BGR. +They work by summing a proportional to absolute temperature device with a complementary proportional to absolute temperature device together, or in other words: The bandgap reference is comprised of two +devices with opposite temperature coefficients within a given interval of interest. + + One of devices that exhibits inherent negative TC s is the bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The relation of the base to emitter voltage can be described with the following equation given as: + +$$V_{BE} = V_T \cdot ln(\frac{I_C}{I_S})$$ + +Where $I_C$ is the collector current and $I_S$ is the saturation current. From this we want to generate a positive TC in order to fulfill the criteria given in the figure above. +The theory behind different circuit topology regarding the bandgap references are quite comprehensive, and will therefore not be covered here. Instead the circuit seen below is proposed: +